• Sawmill workers
• How much can you earn
• • • • Similar business ideas:

Entering the sawmill business market can be considered one of the most attractive. The amount of used equipment with which the market is flooded allows you to open your own sawmill with minimal costs (100-150 thousand rubles). Plus, recently there has been a boom in the construction of the private sector, wooden cottages, log houses and other things. The fashion for environmentally friendly homes is only growing every year. In this regard, the demand for products produced by sawmills remains high.

The economic efficiency of a sawmill directly depends on the availability of an inexpensive raw material base and a constant market for products. The cost of raw materials, that is, finished timber, is 2000 rubles/m3. The yield of the finished product is 50%. The selling price of edged boards on the construction market starts from 5,000 rubles. The cost of processing boards, including wages to workers (300 rubles/m3), rent and electricity, is about 1,500 rubles per cubic meter. Profit from one cubic meter is 1,500 rubles. During a work shift, three workers are able to process up to 10 m3 of edged boards. The sawmill begins to make a normal profit by selling 500 - 600 cubic meters of wood per month.

What equipment to choose for the business of opening a sawmill...

Today there are three main types of sawmills: band, frame and disk. To organize a small wood processing enterprise, the best option is to purchase a band sawmill. Such sawmills are in highest demand in both the primary and secondary markets. The width of the saw blade in such machines is up to 40mm, this is the most common diameter of sawn logs.

Band sawmills have a simple design, relatively light weight and are relatively inexpensive. The installation of a band sawmill, unlike other machines, is carried out without pouring a foundation. Maintenance of such machines is quite simple and does not require hiring highly qualified personnel. The price for a new Taiga band sawmill (Russian-made) starts from 130 thousand rubles.

Frame sawmills have increased productivity and are used mainly in large industries. Their disadvantage is high energy consumption and the need to build a solid foundation for installing a sawmill. Also, during the woodworking process a large amount of waste is generated. In a small enterprise, the use of frame sawmills is irrational.

It is advantageous to use a circular sawmill only when it is necessary to produce logs with a diameter of over 70 mm. This type of machines is characterized by high reliability and wide capabilities due to good functional equipment. The main disadvantage of circular sawmills is their high price compared to other types of sawmills.

When choosing a country for a sawmill manufacturer, experienced businessmen recommend paying attention to Finnish-made equipment. The price of domestic equipment, although lower, is significantly inferior in quality and reliability to its foreign counterparts. Constant disruption of the production process due to machine failure is an unpleasant moment. Here, as nowhere else, the golden rule works: “the miser pays twice.”

But if you still decide to purchase Russian equipment, which is quite reasonable given limited start-up capital, then you can pay attention to an inexpensive band sawmill of the ULPG-80 (81) “Baikal” type. The cost of such a sawmill is 130 - 150 thousand rubles. As practice shows, such sawmills, due to the minimum of mechanization, work perfectly both indoors and outdoors under the most unfavorable weather conditions (up to -40 degrees).

How to start a sawmill business

When starting a sawmill business, you should carefully study the regulatory framework relating to the forest industry in the region. Will deforestation be banned in your region in the near future, as for example happened in the Moscow region?

Significant areas are required to accommodate the equipment. So, to install a band sawmill you will need an area of ​​at least 200 m2. Ideally - 300 or more m2. The size of the production site itself must be at least 3000 m2. The production site consists of a direct production hangar, a warehouse for raw materials, a warehouse for finished products and an area for loading and unloading operations. The sawmill consumes a lot of electricity. Therefore, the production hangar must be connected to electrical networks with a power of at least 50 kW, which is associated with additional time and financial costs.

A production hangar or shed is a mandatory structure that protects your sawmill from precipitation. If logs will be loaded with a crane beam, then the height of the canopy must be at least 5 m. One wall of the canopy should be solid, for more convenient collection of sawdust, and the other wall should be open - for rolling logs from the overpass. By the way, the overpass is built first. A canopy is often built right next to the overpass, or rails are laid, along which a trolley trolley then moves.

It is also important to take care of the sawmill workers. For a comfortable stay, workers need a change room with a sink and water, as well as a separate bathroom.

Raw materials used in sawmill business

As for the issue of supplying raw materials to the sawmill, it would be more logical to locate production near logging sites. The quality of the raw materials supplied has a direct impact on the finished product and your profit. The fact is that the concept of quality raw materials in the sawmill business is very vague. Forests don't grow the same way. There are straight logs, there are crooked logs, with an abundance of knots, of different diameters, and so on. Each log needs to be individually adjusted and carefully selected. Therefore, no matter what the supplier’s price is, be it 1500 rubles/m3 or 3000 rubles/m3, surprises can be expected everywhere. A high price will not always mean quality.

The foresters themselves are cunning in this matter. When shipping raw materials into the so-called industrial wood, they can include tops up to 5-6 cm, which is extremely unprofitable for the manufacturer. You need to be very careful.

Sawmill workers

Finding decent workers today is not easy, especially in the Russian outback. As in many similar fields, there is a high turnover of staff. When selecting your first employees, you need to be prepared for an influx of low-skilled personnel. Very often, at such production facilities you can meet workers from the CIS and Asian countries.

Salary is one of the main costs at a sawmill. Most sawmill owners set a piecework wage, for example 300 rubles per m3 of sawn board. This allows not only to reduce the wage fund, but also thereby motivate employees to work more efficiently.

Individual employees who perform well can be paid bonuses. You need to hold on to worthy workers with both hands. In the sawmill business, a lot depends on “direct” hands, and if you suddenly lose one of your key workers, the entire production process, including setting up the correct cut, is dramatically disrupted. As a result, the quality of the products produced, their competitiveness and your profit ultimately suffer.

The main sales channels for edged boards are construction organizations and private clients. In general, as economists note, the income of a sawmill directly depends on the situation in the construction market. If construction is proceeding at a rapid pace, then the sawmills will have more than enough orders. That is why the main sales season for sawmill production is spring-summer.

Competition in the logging industry has always been intense. Plus, the spoiled client adds fuel to the fire when he lowers the price of the delivered board, citing the abundance of knots or uneven thickness. Although the price had already been agreed upon.

Today, due to increased competition, business gurus advise sawmillers to switch to deep wood processing: sawing, drying, planing and gluing, recycling waste (pellets) and so on. This will allow us to be more competitive and less dependent on the situation in the construction market.

How much can you earn

Earnings at a sawmill depend on production capacity and the number of customers for the products. If production reaches at least 175 cubic meters, then the net profit can be equal to 150,000 rubles per month. This means that the initial investment can pay off in just two years. You can increase your profit by starting the production of fuel briquettes and pellets.

How much money do you need to start a business?

To start a business at a sawmill you will have to shell out a little more than three million rubles. 10 percent of this amount will go to the purchase of raw materials (logs exceeding 18 centimeters in diameter).

Which OKVED code should I indicate for registering a business?

For both individual entrepreneur registration and LLC registration, you can specify the following activity codes:

• 10 - “Sawing and planing of wood”;
• 23 - “Production of other building structures made of wood and joinery”;
• 24 - “Production of wooden containers”;
• some codes related to trade in wood products.

What documents are needed to open a sawmill?

In order to open your own sawmill, the standard package of documents that is submitted for registration of an individual entrepreneur (tax registration certificate, copies of an identity card, receipt of payment of a fee, application) is not enough. An entrepreneur needs to collect the following package of documents:

• application for felling;
• act on the ownership of the felling site;
• agreement with forestry;
• act of inspection of green spaces;
• plan of the felling area.

Which tax system to choose when registering a sawmill

When registering an individual entrepreneur, you should choose a simplified taxation system or a patent if the tax office in the region issues patents for wood processing. You can also choose UTII, but not if you specify the OKVED code 20.1 (“Sawing and planing of wood”).

Do I need a permit to open a sawmill?

According to the Forest Code, land in the forest can only be provided for rent. Permission to open a sawmill must be obtained from the forestry department. Also, from the regional administration you need to obtain permission to carry out logging, indicating the area of ​​logging, type of trees, cadastral number of the site, etc.

Production process technology at the sawmill

Initially, trees are felled in a given direction, which can be calculated according to a unique technological scheme or individually in particularly difficult cases. A mistake when felling a forest can cause industrial injuries, destruction of equipment and other plantings. Then the trees are cleared of twigs and branches (the waste is then disposed of). After this, the workpieces are sawn and sorted depending on the species, quality, diameter and other parameters. Next, the logs are transported to the sawmill.

The material discusses the main stages of organizing a sawmill: relevance, assortment, necessary equipment, feasibility study, calculation of profit and payback.

Old technologies of log buildings are being replaced by houses made of timber or laminated timber. Frame houses require a large amount of timber of varying thickness. Wooden blanks are also used to create stairs, roof sheathing, fences, gazebos, etc. Every new resident thinks about the environmental friendliness of their home and apartment building.

The conclusion is simple - the volume of supplies of wooden blanks (edged and unedged boards, timber, etc.) to carpentry and other woodworking shops will increase. Sales volumes in wholesale markets will grow. Therefore, opening a sawmill is a promising business endeavor.

The supplied range of the sawmill in question will include products made from softwood (pine):

• edged board, length 6 m, width 100mm, 150mm, 200mm

  first grade;

  second grade;

• unedged board;
• timber of different sizes;
• fuel briquettes or pellets.

Buyers, sales

The main product produced is dried and packaged lumber. Primarily it is used:

The main buyers of lumber are:

• wholesale centers, warehouses, large stores;
• furniture workshops;
• carpentry shops;
• workshops for the production of laminated veneer lumber (construction of houses from timber).

Required equipment

The following equipment will be used at the sawmill:

The workshop will require additional loading and unloading equipment raw materials and finished products.

To unload and transport sawlogs, use an industrial loader (reloader) EK-18-51 or other similar equipment.

To transport finished products, a Komatsu FG15T-20 forklift or any similar one is used.

Machine performance:

The main raw materials are logs with a diameter of 18 centimeters. After processing 1 m3 of saw logs, 0.5 m3 of finished product is obtained.

Feasibility study of activities*

* To calculate the performance indicators of the sawmill, all calculations will be made based on 50% of the equipment load:

Capital expenditures

To open a sawmill with a capacity of 352 cubic meters. meters per month, an investment of 4.2 million rubles will be required.

* Costs for repairs and preparation of the premises are not included.

Revenue calculation

The monthly revenue of the sawmill based on the production of 176 cubic meters. meters (50% of the installed capacity) and a price of 5,000 rubles. for 1 cubic meter will be 880 thousand rubles.

Cost calculation

Raw materials (for the production of 1 cubic.

Sawmill as a business: how to open a sawmill from scratch

meter of finished product requires 2 cubic meters. meter of raw materials). Price for 1 cubic meter meter of raw materials (sawn logs) is 1,500 rubles.

Electricity: monthly consumption 8,800 kW.

Calculation s/s: 352 cubic meters. m * 1,500 rubles + 8,800 sq. *4 rubles = 563,200 rubles.

Total expenses per month

Calculation of business profits at a sawmill

880,000 rub. - 563 00 - 160 000 rub. = 157,000 rubles.

The return on investment is 22 months. (When calculating the payback, the costs of repairs and preparation of the workshop premises are not taken into account)

To increase the profitability of activities, you can install additional equipment for the production of fuel briquettes (euro firewood) and equipment for the production of pellets (increased profits are generated by processing sawdust into an additional product).

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Wood processing (round timber) can become quite a profitable business. At the same time, running such a business will require not so many technical means. But in order for this type of activity to really bring profit, it is necessary to correctly calculate the economic side. For this purpose, a business plan for a band sawmill is being developed, taking into account the entire financial part, as well as the payback of the equipment used.

To process round timber, it is not necessary to have powerful industrial equipment at your disposal at the initial stage. To start, it is quite enough to have only one band sawmill, for example, Altai 3. Its production capacity will be sufficient at first. Using this band sawmill as an example, we will carry out an economic calculation - a business plan for conducting business in this direction.

Organizational matters

Starting a business in the field of wood processing should begin not with the acquisition of equipment, but with organizational issues. To open a sawmill, the business plan must take into account:

• renting premises (if you don’t have your own);
• hiring workers;
• supply of round timber;
• search for points of sale.

The premises will require a large area, since you will need a work shop where the sawmill will be installed, as well as a warehouse for finished products. If you don’t have your own, then rent can be quite expensive, and it’s impossible to say exactly how much it will cost. Let's assume that renting a room will cost 50,000 rubles.

As for hiring workers, at least 2 people will be required to work 1 shift (8 hours). The wages are piecework and amount to 350 rubles. for 1 cubic m of trimmed material. Taking into account weekends, there are 22 work shifts per month.

An agreement should be concluded with the round timber supplier based on the productivity of the workers and the sawmill itself. 2 people per shift will be able to process wood and get 5 cubic meters. m of edged material, that is, finished boards (per month - 198 cubic meters). Here it is worth considering that the average yield from raw materials is 65%, the rest is sawdust and illiquid goods. Based on this, the supplier must supply at least 305 cubic meters per month. m. round timber.

As for sales, the volume of finished products under the specified conditions is already known and amounts to 198 cubic meters. m of trimmed material.

Costs, income, profit

Based on all the above conditions, you can calculate monthly expenses (in rubles):

1. The cost of round timber is 2500/1 cubic meter. m.

   Opening a sawmill: is it possible to win the competition?

   A month requires 305 cubic meters. m of raw materials (ultimately - 762,500);

2. Electrical costs energy at a price of 4.25 rubles/kW in monthly terms will be 8505 rubles. Here the calculation is carried out based on the power of the sawmill motor (11.37 kW*h), the number of shifts (22) and their duration (8 hours);
3. It will cost 69,300 to pay workers (the monthly output of edged material is 198 cubic meters, for each of which workers need to pay 350 rubles);
4. Rent of premises (conditionally – 50,000);

As a result, the total monthly expenses will be 890,305 rubles. Contingency costs should also be added here. Typically these funds do not exceed 10% of total expenses. Therefore, the final amount of expenses for the month will be 979,336 rubles.

The 198 cubic meters obtained as a result of processing. m of edged material can be sold at a price of 6,000 rubles/1 cubic meter. m. That is, the monthly income will be 1,188,000 rubles. Having calculated the profitability of the sawmill, which is the main point of the business plan, we get 208,664 rubles. net profit.

Equipment costs and payback

Now about the equipment, tools and consumables. So, the Altai 3 sawmill, the price of which is 165,000 rubles, was taken as a model in the business plan. In addition to this, you will also need (price in rubles):

• sharpening device (24,000);
• adjustable device (7,000);
• band saws 10 pcs. (1 piece – 800).

The total costs for the technical part will be 204,000 rubles. Knowing the monthly profit received, you can easily calculate that the Altai 3 sawmill, along with consumables and tools, will pay for itself in just 1 month (when working in 1 shift) and in 2 weeks (when working in 2 shifts).

Of course, the size of costs and profits may vary depending on the market, but in general, as the above ready-made sawmill business plan shows, this type of activity will be profitable.

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How to open a sawmill?

Business plan for a sawmill

Before you start this business, you need to understand that the sawmill is directly related to the construction business, and since it is in a state of stagnation due to the crisis, the sawmill may experience similar difficulties.

How to open a sawmill (sawmill)

But, in this regard, there are also positive aspects: entry into the market has become significantly cheaper; A lot of used equipment has been discarded here, so you can buy it today much cheaper than usual. In addition, the crisis did not have such an impact on window production, so the sawmill can serve this area. Another feature that allows us to give a positive forecast for this business is the rise in the construction of wooden cottages and bathhouses adjacent to them, which has increased due to a decrease in land prices. The product obtained when using a sawmill - a board, another name for which is “eurolining” - will always be approximately equal to exactly half of the total volume of raw materials supplied to the sawmill. The cost of raw materials varies within two thousand rubles per unit of product. The finished board is already sold at a price of about five thousand rubles. The sawmill business plan will be a calculation of these nuances.

In order to achieve profitability, it is necessary to pass through the sawmill from five hundred cubic meters of wood per month, and production will begin to make a profit with a volume of seven hundred cubic meters. The profitability of production can be somewhat increased by wisely saving the wage fund, because you can not pay workers a fixed fee, but agree with them only on piecework payment - for a certain number of sawn cubes of wood. Before opening this business, it is worth asking whether there are any restrictions on deforestation in this area, and whether officials might ban it in the near future.

Firstly, to organize a business at a sawmill, you need an area of ​​at least thirty acres, which needs to be planned approximately in this way: equip access roads; build a warehouse for raw materials and a place for finished products, make room for the sawmill itself and a special shed for unforeseen weather conditions. You need to keep in mind that prices for a sawmill start from three and a half thousand dollars (this is what the domestic Taiga machine costs, although almost its entire model range will cost significantly more). Experts in this field strongly recommend buying used Finnish models for a similar amount.

It is known that products that were produced at a bad sawmill are unlikely to be used for windows, and sometimes they may even become illiquid. So, the more skill applied to processing the board, the higher its cost will be. The price of hastily processed boards will be practically no different from simple wood. A canopy must be located above the place where the sawmill will be installed. If the dimensions of the band sawmill reach 8 by 2 m, then the size of the room should be at least 10 by 20 m. If the logs will be loaded with a crane-beam, then the height of the room should be at least five meters.
Organization of sawmill

The longest wall of the shed should be solid at the bottom to make it more convenient to collect waste materials and sawdust. Sawdust can be burned as fuel in a furnace; if you have connections in the regions that grow timber, you can purchase “standing timber,” which is much cheaper than simple raw wood, which is usually brought to the sawmill. The second long wall should be open for stacking logs from the trestle. The overpass, in fact, will be the first stage of construction, and the necessary canopy will be built, as a rule, at the overpass itself, and then the rails for the trolley - handcar - will be laid.

There is another very important point related to how “shifters” are made for the “croaker”. First they are made, after which the croaker is tied using a sling tape. This is done for order in the workshop and to facilitate loading, since one of the main tasks is to optimize the logistics of any movements around the workshop, which speeds up work and prevents injuries. Next, the working floors of the canopy must be made without steps; it is preferable to use concrete or wood as the material. In this case, the boards are laid lengthwise - that is, “along the path” of the shovel. There is one more essential requirement for a canopy, which must have only one solid wall, but in no case two. Workers will perform all necessary manipulations with logs using special devices - so-called hand turntables. Experts strongly advise that you first take advantage of the experience of others, because any flaw in the organization of the work space makes the scheme unworkable. Do not forget that workers must have their own cabin with water and a separate, insulated bathroom. The minimum power required for a sawmill is fifty kW. Some not only pay electricity bills, but also pay for connection, which is quite expensive - at least a million rubles. But this significant expense can be avoided if you download a ready-made business plan.

The conclusion is this: the sawmill is a modern and promising investment project. The crisis only provides additional chances to inexpensively enter an existing business. The costs will pay off quickly enough if all the conditions are met: savings, supplies of high-quality raw materials and distribution channels. A free sawmill business plan is an opportunity to build your own business with minimal investment.

How can you open your own sawmill from scratch?

Often, beginning entrepreneurs cannot decide in which area to start their activities in order to immediately start earning income. The sawmill is a profitable business that is in demand. Construction always requires beams or planks, because repair work never ends. Therefore, it is worth figuring out how to open a sawmill from scratch and what costs will be incurred.

Where to start a business?

To open a sawmill you need:

• A room or workshop where there is electrical wiring.
• Warehouse for storing finished products.
• Storage area for raw materials (round timber). Ideally, with a capacity of at least 300 m³ of wood.
• Working sawmills. Minimum composition: framer, a couple of assistants, sharpener.
• Establish a supply chain for round timber for further processing. If statistics are to be believed, most sawmills cannot function properly due to late deliveries. Therefore, it is better to open a sawmill near a potential source of raw materials.
• Try to work out a timber marketing scheme.

Timber sales

Since lumber is always in demand, problems with sales do not arise if average market prices are not inflated. There is an option to increase profits if you cut timber to order. With an established supply of raw materials, you can safely cut “in reserve” and sell directly from the warehouse. If production is at a high level, then it is necessary to organize sales of goods in local markets. It would be useful to travel with the finished sawmill products to remote areas where there are problems with the supply of lumber.

Business and its features

Any business has its own nuances. Features of the sawmill:

• Drying of finished materials. In summer, it is better to lay out the products on linings so that they do not corrode. In winter, lumber can be packed without backing. In the future, you should get a drying unit, which will make the work process easier.
• The waste can also be sold as fuel briquettes. To produce them, you will have to purchase an additional installation, but the production will become waste-free. Additional profit will only bring benefits; you will not have to find opportunities for waste disposal.
• Salaries should be paid depending on the products produced in order to interest sawmill workers in increasing volumes. Any work should be adequately paid, especially such hard work as in this type of production.
• The sawmill requires legal registration. An LLC or individual entrepreneur should be opened in accordance with established rules.

Business registration

For the design of a sawmill, it is best to open an individual entrepreneur. The registration procedure will take less time and money. At the same time, an individual entrepreneur is charged less taxes than an LLC. The state withholds 6 or 15% of profits. The difference in rates lies in the fact that in the second case the taxpayer's costs are taken into account. In some regions, you can obtain a patent for wood processing. This point needs to be clarified with the Federal Tax Service at the place of registration. The simplified tax system or a patent will facilitate accounting at an enterprise.

A license is not required to work with forests.

There are two options for sawing timber:

• Working on a round timber supplied by another organization.
• Sawing and cutting down your own forest. To do this, you need to rent a forest plot to start cutting it down. You should contact the Forestry Department. The law prohibits the sale of forests, since they cannot be privately owned. However, it can be rented. To cut down round timber on a rented plot, you will have to obtain permission. Such actions are regulated by the relevant decree “On issuing permission to cut down trees.”

Renting a plot requires land surveying. A company that performs such a procedure will charge a certain amount for its services. Next, a cadastral passport is issued along with an act for surveying the territory. When the documents are received, you can begin cutting down (harvesting) the forest.

The plot is leased for no more than 49 years.

To obtain a logging permit you need to prepare the following documents:

• A document confirming ownership of the plot. If the land is leased, then a permit (duly executed) for cutting, issued by the owner.
• Coordination with the relevant department.
• Territory survey report.
• Land plan.

To open a business entity you need to prepare:

• Application for registration of individual entrepreneurs. Most operations can be performed online on the Rosreestr website.
• Original and copy of individual taxpayer number.
• Passport (1 page, registration).
• Receipt for payment of state duty (800 rubles).
• If necessary, an application for transition to the simplified tax system.

Risks in production

Any business is subject to risks, depending on the specification of the enterprise. Risks to which the sawmill is exposed:

• Fire hazard.

  Opening the sawmill

  Every building is subject to this risk, but here it is magnified by working with wood. Fire can cause 90% of the damage, because wood belongs to the category of flammable materials. To reduce the risk, you need to insure your business (site, round timber, finished products). A fire alarm and compliance with safety regulations during all types of work will not hurt.

• If the warehouse is large, it will save you if there are supply disruptions. Ideally, the warehouse should have a supply of raw materials for 2 months of uninterrupted operation.
• Storage. Raw wood costs several times less than dry wood. It is recommended to build a canopy over the raw materials so that they are not affected by weather conditions.
• It is worth considering the possibility of obtaining a ban on deforestation near the sawmill. We need to make sure that there are no plans to introduce such a ban in the near future.

If you adhere to these rules, you can safely choose a suitable place to organize a sawmill and run a business. Naturally, this list does not take into account factors such as employee absenteeism, interruptions in the production process due to late payment of wages, and weather conditions. Every business is attractive depending on the area where it is implemented. You don't have to start a business from scratch. Perhaps someone will decide to sell a ready-made sawmill, which will greatly facilitate business activities.

Sawmills today are one of the most promising areas of business. Construction is actively developing, including individual housing development. More and more residents of megacities are striving to leave the city or at least have their own summer cottage with a house, a bathhouse and a gazebo for family weekend trips. Particularly popular are modern prefabricated structures, the construction of which requires a large amount of timber, boards and other woodworking products. Accordingly, the demand for all kinds of lumber is growing. Let's figure out how to open a sawmill and set up your own woodworking business.

Market assessment

Before you start creating a sawmill, analyze the state of the woodworking market in your region in terms of its saturation and the competitive environment in this area.

Decide on the most popular products (lining, unedged boards, timber, etc.) and potential clients (construction companies and individuals, furniture factories and workshops for the production of windows and doors, wholesale markets for building materials).

Evaluate available timber suppliers. If competition among logging enterprises is high, it may be more profitable for you to buy ready-made raw materials from them than to develop your own plot and purchase expensive equipment for this. Interruptions in the supply of raw materials for the sawmill are unacceptable.

What do you need to open a sawmill?

The optimal form of creating a sawmill business is. Registration and registration for tax purposes and extra-budgetary funds occurs in the general manner. Type of economic activity according to the classifier – 20.1 (sawing and planing of wood).

A sawmill business involves organizing a production workshop. To locate production, you need space for the installation of equipment, a warehouse for round timber (based on a two-week supply of raw materials) and storage of products.

A large garage, hangar, or warehouse with an area of ​​approximately 600 square meters is suitable as a room. m and a ceiling height of about 5 m (a high ceiling is necessary for the operation of loading equipment). A canopy must be installed over the outdoor work area. The production site must be provided with good access roads to be accessible to buyers and suppliers.

The optimal power of the electrical networks supplied to the workshop is 300 – 400 kW. It is advisable to rent a room with existing communications, since the need to supply electricity to the site increases costs by 1 million rubles at once.

Due to the high fire hazard of production, special attention should be paid to fire safety at the sawmill. Fire extinguishing means are installed at each workplace. The smoking area must be located outside the site.

To ensure the operation of the sawmill, a minimum of 2 workers per shift is required. Workers are usually paid on a piece-rate basis.

Sawmill equipment

Purchasing equipment is the most crucial moment when opening a sawmill. It is the quality of the machines that determines how well your products will meet modern standards and how quickly they will sell.

To equip the workshop, you need to purchase several machines (depending on the products manufactured):

• To start a business, it is enough to purchase a band sawmill - a machine for cutting logs with a diameter of up to 1 m. This machine is the main one for the functioning of a sawing shop. When choosing a band sawmill, you need to pay attention to economical models that allow you to produce more finished products with a minimum amount of waste. The advantage of a band sawmill is that it does not require any specially equipped premises. This sawmill is reliable to use and relatively inexpensive. Its cost is 100 - 130 thousand rubles.
• Sharpening machine (from 30 thousand rubles) - it is advisable to buy equipment for sharpening saws right away. With large production volumes, saws will have to be sharpened often, and purchasing a special device will make the life of workers much easier.

• To produce products from blanks, you need a multi-saw (frame or disk) - a machine that allows you to make slats, boards, bars. A frame saw gives greater productivity and is more convenient to maintain, but it is more expensive than a disk saw. A circular saw is cheaper, but the inconvenience of using it is that it is difficult to sharpen saws. The cost of a frame saw is 600 – 1500 thousand rubles. The price of a disk one depends on the country of origin and the number of shafts and ranges from 500 thousand to 1 million rubles. The productivity of multi-saws is on average about 4000 cubic meters per month.
• To produce eurolining, an edge trimming machine is used, which allows cutting in two directions. This machine has a productivity of 50 cubic meters per day. The cost of an edge trimming machine is 100 – 120 thousand rubles.
• Additionally, you can purchase drying and packaging equipment (420 – 950 thousand rubles).
• Loading and unloading machines for raw materials and finished products.

At the initial stage, in the absence of large investment funds, it is enough to purchase only a band sawmill. And the rest of the equipment will be purchased as production expands.

Payback of the sawmill

When drawing up a business plan for a sawmill, it is necessary to take into account that the yield of finished products in relation to the initial volume of raw materials is 50-60%, that is, approximately 0.5 cubic meters of boards are obtained from one cubic meter of round timber.

The cost of the initial purchase of raw materials when opening a sawmill at a price of 2000 rubles. per cubic meter will be 368,000 rubles. The average price of finished products is approximately 5,500 rubles. per cubic meter. Estimated revenue for the month is 605,000 rubles. based on sawmill productivity of 110 cubic meters per month.

These figures are based on the working hours of two workers: 22 eight-hour shifts per month (productivity - 5 cubic meters per shift). The wages according to the piecework system will be 38,500 rubles.

The sawmill is a fairly energy-intensive production, so the cost of paying for electricity will depend on local tariffs and will constitute one of the significant items of the budget expenditure. With an average tariff of 4.50 rubles. for 1 kW/hour the cost of consumed electricity is 9504 rubles per month.

The cost of renting a room on average is from 50,000 rubles.

It is also necessary to set aside reserve funds for unforeseen expenses, about 10% above the planned budget.

Thus, the monthly expenses of a sawmill can be 450-500 thousand rubles, and the profit can be about 110 thousand rubles. Under these conditions, a band sawmill as a business will pay for itself in 2-3 months.

Organizing a wider production, which involves purchasing all the necessary equipment, requires investments of over 4 million rubles, and the payback on such a sawmill increases to 1.5 - 2 years.

One of the ways to reduce costs when opening a sawmill is to purchase used foreign-made equipment, since experts believe that the quality of these machines allows them to work efficiently even after long-term use.

Another important point is the establishment of a waste-free production cycle. The waste accumulated during the work (sawdust, shavings, stumps), which can amount to up to half of the original volume of raw materials, must be disposed of taking into account the economic benefits for the sawmill.

For example, it can be used in ovens of drying machines, sold as a raw material for the production of furniture boards, or as the basis for creating additional production (fuel briquettes or pellets). This approach will allow the sawmill to receive additional income, and will also free the production from claims from environmental services.

Entering the sawmill business market can be considered one of the most attractive. The amount of used equipment with which the market is flooded allows you to open your own sawmill with minimal costs (100-150 thousand rubles). Plus, recently there has been a boom in the construction of the private sector, wooden cottages, log houses and other things. The fashion for environmentally friendly homes is only growing every year. In this regard, the demand for products produced by sawmills remains high.

The economic efficiency of a sawmill directly depends on the availability of an inexpensive raw material base and a constant market for products. The cost of raw materials, that is, finished timber, is 2000 rubles/m3. The yield of the finished product is 50%. The selling price of edged boards on the construction market starts from 5,000 rubles. The cost of processing boards, including wages to workers (300 rubles/m3), rent and electricity, is about 1,500 rubles per cubic meter. Profit from one cubic meter is 1,500 rubles. During a work shift, three workers are able to process up to 10 m3 of edged boards. The sawmill begins to make a normal profit by selling 500–600 cubic meters of wood per month.

What equipment to choose forbusiness of opening a sawmill..

Today there are three main types of sawmills: band, frame and disk. For organizing a small wood processing enterprise, the best option is to purchase a band sawmill. Such sawmills are in highest demand in both the primary and secondary markets. The width of the saw blade in such machines is up to 40mm, this is the most common diameter of sawn logs. Band sawmills have a simple design, relatively light weight and are relatively inexpensive. The installation of a band sawmill, unlike other machines, is carried out without pouring a foundation. Maintenance of such machines is quite simple and does not require hiring highly qualified personnel. The price for a new Taiga band sawmill (Russian-made) starts from 130 thousand rubles.

Frame sawmills have increased productivity and are used mainly in large industries. Their disadvantage is high energy consumption and the need to build a solid foundation for installing a sawmill. Also, during the woodworking process a large amount of waste is generated. In a small enterprise, the use of frame sawmills is irrational.

It is advantageous to use a circular sawmill only when it is necessary to produce logs with a diameter of over 70 mm. This type of machines is characterized by high reliability and wide capabilities due to good functional equipment. The main disadvantage of circular sawmills is their high price compared to other types of sawmills.

When choosing a country for a sawmill manufacturer, experienced businessmen recommend paying attention to Finnish-made equipment. The price of domestic equipment, although lower, is significantly inferior in quality and reliability to its foreign counterparts. Constant disruption of the production process due to machine breakdown is an unpleasant moment. Here, as nowhere else, the golden rule works: “the miser pays twice.”

But if you still decide to purchase Russian equipment, which is quite reasonable given limited start-up capital, then you can pay attention to an inexpensive band sawmill of the ULPG-80 (81) “Baikal” type. The cost of such a sawmill is 130 – 150 thousand rubles. As practice shows, such sawmills, due to the minimum of mechanization, work perfectly both indoors and outdoors under the most unfavorable weather conditions (up to -40 degrees).

How to start a sawmill business

When starting a sawmill business, you should carefully study the regulatory framework relating to the forest industry in the region. Will deforestation be banned in your region in the near future, as for example happened in the Moscow region?

Significant areas are required to accommodate the equipment. So, to install a band sawmill you will need an area of ​​at least 200 m2. Ideally – 300 or more m2. The size of the production site itself must be at least 3000 m2. The production site consists of a direct production hangar, a warehouse for raw materials, a warehouse for finished products and an area for loading and unloading operations. The sawmill consumes a lot of electricity. Therefore, the production hangar must be connected to electrical networks with a power of at least 50 kW, which is associated with additional time and financial costs.

A production hangar or shed is a mandatory structure that protects your sawmill from precipitation. If logs will be loaded with a crane beam, then the height of the canopy must be at least 5 m. One wall of the canopy should be solid, for more convenient collection of sawdust, and the other wall should be open - for rolling logs from the overpass. By the way, the overpass is built first. A canopy is often built right next to the overpass, or rails are laid, along which a trolley trolley then moves.

It is also important to take care of the sawmill workers. For a comfortable stay, workers need a change room with a sink and water, as well as a separate bathroom.

Raw materials used in sawmill business

As for the issue of supplying raw materials to the sawmill, it would be more logical to locate production near logging sites. The quality of the raw materials supplied has a direct impact on the finished product and your profit. The fact is that the concept of quality raw materials in the sawmill business is very vague. Forests don't grow the same way. There are straight logs, there are crooked logs, with an abundance of knots, of different diameters, and so on. Each log needs to be individually adjusted and carefully selected. Therefore, no matter what the supplier’s price is, be it 1500 rubles/m3 or 3000 rubles/m3, surprises can be expected everywhere. A high price will not always mean quality.

The foresters themselves are cunning in this matter. When shipping raw materials into the so-called industrial wood, they can include tops up to 5-6 cm, which is extremely unprofitable for the manufacturer. You need to be very careful.

Sawmill workers

Finding decent workers today is not easy, especially in the Russian outback. As in many similar fields, there is a high turnover of staff. When selecting your first employees, you need to be prepared for an influx of low-skilled personnel. Very often, at such production facilities you can meet workers from the CIS and Asian countries.

Salary is one of the main costs at a sawmill. Most sawmill owners set a piecework wage, for example 300 rubles per m3 of sawn board. This allows not only to reduce the wage fund, but also thereby motivate employees to work more efficiently.

Individual employees who perform well can be paid bonuses. You need to hold on to worthy workers with both hands. In the sawmill business, a lot depends on “direct” hands, and if you suddenly lose one of your key workers, the entire production process, including setting up the correct cut, is dramatically disrupted. As a result, the quality of the products produced, their competitiveness and your profit ultimately suffer.

Sales of products

The main sales channels for edged boards are construction organizations and private clients. In general, as economists note, the income of a sawmill directly depends on the situation in the construction market. If construction is proceeding at a rapid pace, then the sawmills will have more than enough orders. That is why the main sales season for sawmill production is spring-summer.

Competition in the logging industry has always been intense. Plus, the spoiled client adds fuel to the fire when he lowers the price of the delivered board, citing the abundance of knots or uneven thickness. Although the price had already been agreed upon.

Today, due to increased competition, business gurus advise sawmillers to switch to deep wood processing: sawing, drying, planing and gluing, recycling waste (pellets) and so on. This will allow us to be more competitive and less dependent on the situation in the construction market.

How much can you earn

Earnings at a sawmill depend on production capacity and the number of customers for the products. If production reaches at least 175 cubic meters, then the net profit can be equal to 150,000 rubles per month. This means that the initial investment can pay off in just two years.

You can increase your profit by starting the production of fuel briquettes and pellets.

How much money do you need to start a business?

To start a business at a sawmill you will have to shell out a little more than three million rubles. 10 percent of this amount will go to the purchase of raw materials (logs exceeding 18 centimeters in diameter).

Which OKVED code should I indicate for registering a business?

For both individual entrepreneur registration and LLC registration, you can specify the following activity codes:

• 10 – “Sawing and planing of wood”;
• 23 – “Production of other building structures made of wood and joinery”;
• 24 – “Production of wooden containers”;
• some codes related to trade in wood products.

What documents are needed to open a sawmill?

In order to open your own sawmill, the standard package of documents that is submitted for registration of an individual entrepreneur (tax registration certificate, copies of an identity card, receipt of payment of a fee, application) is not enough. An entrepreneur needs to collect the following package of documents:

• application for felling;
• act on the ownership of the felling site;
• agreement with forestry;
• act of inspection of green spaces;
• plan of the felling area.

Which tax system to choose when registering a sawmill

When registering an individual entrepreneur, you should choose a simplified system

taxation or a patent, if the tax office in the region issues patents for wood processing. You can also choose UTII, but not if you specify the OKVED code 20.1 (“Sawing and planing of wood”).

Do I need a permit to open a sawmill?

According to the Forest Code, land in the forest can only be provided for rent. Permission to open a sawmill must be obtained from the forestry department. Also, from the regional administration you need to obtain permission to carry out logging, indicating the area of ​​logging, type of trees, cadastral number of the site, etc.

Production process technology at the sawmill

Initially, trees are felled in a given direction, which can be calculated according to a unique technological scheme or individually in particularly difficult cases. A mistake when felling a forest can cause industrial injuries, destruction of equipment and other plantings. Then the trees are cleared of twigs and branches (the waste is then disposed of). After this, the workpieces are sawn and sorted depending on the species, quality, diameter and other parameters. Next, the logs are transported to the sawmill.

Ready-made business plan for the sawmill "Pili-Pila"

* The calculations use average data for Russia

1. PROJECT SUMMARY

The goal of the project is to organize an enterprise for the production of lumber (“Pili-Pila”) in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, in close proximity to the city of Simferopol. The prerequisites for the development of the project are: a shortage of affordable building materials on the territory of the republic, associated with the lack of land communication with the mainland; lack of established supply channels from Russian manufacturers; implementation of the state program for the development of the republic related to infrastructure development, housing construction, etc.; increased interest of private investors in construction in the republic.

Lumber is one of the most widely used building materials, which can be used for exterior and interior decoration of buildings, for the construction of floors, stairs, roofing, etc.

The technological chain of production organization includes the supply of round timber, its sawing and planing on site. Sales - wholesale from regional databases of building materials. Some volume may be sold at retail.

A limited liability company was chosen as the legal form; form of taxation - simplified tax system.

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The project is investment-attractive, which is confirmed by integral efficiency indicators calculated taking into account all costs and planned revenue of the enterprise. The indicators are given in Table. 1.

Table 1. Integral indicators of project effectiveness

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY AND COMPANY

To date, open sources contain information about only one lumber manufacturer throughout the republic, located in the city of Dzhankoy. 97% of lumber comes to Crimea in finished form from suppliers on the mainland. Moreover, their cost is on average 55-65% higher than the cost of similar materials in other regions of the Russian Federation.

At the same time, the pace of construction is increasing. According to the government development program of the republic, the territory of Simferopol should be expanded 7 times. In addition, the volume of construction and reconstruction of tourism infrastructure is increasing. The organization of a free economic zone (FEZ Crimea) makes the region attractive to investors from other regions.

At the same time, from 50 to 70 building materials bases are present and successfully operate in the region, selling edged and unedged lumber wholesale and retail. Supplies to them are made from producers in the “forest” regions of the mainland of the Russian Federation. All these organizations are potential consumers of the products produced by the project. The total consumption of lumber in the republic and the city of Sevastopol is estimated at 12-15 thousand cubic meters per month.

The most popular type of product is edged boards, which have a wide range of applications. Then - timber, planed board, block house, imitation timber, etc. Edged boards account for at least 65% of the total market volume or 8.5 thousand cubic meters. In the coming years, demand is expected to grow steadily within 5-10% annually.

Much attention is paid to the choice of supplier. The selection was made according to a number of parameters: quality and price of the material, convenience and cost of logistics, stability of supply of the required volumes. The production is supposed to be located no further than 5 km from the Simferopol - Gruzovoy station, which from the point of view of organizing logistics will be as convenient as possible, because transportation of raw materials is expected to be carried out by rail.

The production facility is selected primarily from the point of view of the possibility of implementing the technological cycle, manipulating workpieces and finished material 6 m long, etc. Loading equipment is rented. Considering the seasonal nature of demand for the products in question, this is a more cost-effective option than purchasing property.

The main sales channel is wholesale supplies of lumber to building materials depots located on the peninsula. Minimum order quantity – 30 cubic meters. Delivery is organized by Pili-Pila LLC with the involvement of a transport company or private carriers. In addition, it is possible to sell goods at retail, subject to pickup.

Investment costs include, first of all, the purchase of technological equipment and the cost of forming an initial supply of raw materials. The list and volumes of investment costs are given in Table. 2.

Table 2. Investment costs of the Pili-Pila project

3. DESCRIPTION OF GOODS

The range of manufactured products is given in Table. 3.

Table 3. Nomenclature and description of products manufactured by Pili-Pila LLC

All lumber is produced from softwood logs (spruce, pine) using specialized equipment. The supplier is the logging enterprise “Vyatsky Lesnik”. The raw materials are of high quality and have an extremely low level of rejection.

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The scope of application of lumber, as mentioned above, is extremely wide. Partially, the scope of its use depends on humidity. Natural moisture material is most often used for exterior finishing, roofing, lathing, etc.

Finished products are stored in a closed, unheated warehouse on pallets, on which they are then transported to the customer. When storing, a temperature and humidity regime is ensured that does not allow the wood to rot or dry out.

4. SALES AND MARKETING

Since these products (subject to GOST compliance) have subtle differences in consumer characteristics, the main competitive advantage is price and stability of supply. Stability is ensured by the territorial proximity of production and the ability to cut materials to order within 24 hours from the date of order. Such terms are unattainable when delivering from the mainland - the delivery time in this case can be at least 10-14 days.

In addition, the competitive advantage of the enterprise as a whole is the ability to implement a more flexible pricing policy. The majority of suppliers of lumber from the mainland ship on the condition of prepayment or payment upon receipt. The presence of employees of Pili-Pila LLC directly on site allows us to assess the assets of each client, his solvency and reputation, which, in turn, allows us to offer more flexible payment terms for goods - installment payment, trade credit, etc. In the difficult economic situation in the country, this is a huge plus.

The main promotion activities are aimed at wholesale distribution channels: advertising in specialized catalogs and construction portals. However, the main tool is active sales. The sales representative establishes contacts and conducts negotiations with managers and specialists of supply departments of wholesale bases, as well as construction companies.

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By the end of the first season of the project, the company’s client structure should consist of 2-3 anchor clients, providing up to 60% of sales volume; the remaining 40% should come from 10-20 small clients. Planned revenue results are planned to be achieved by the end of the first construction season, because Thanks to preliminary work, there are already clear agreements with a number of companies in the region regarding cooperation.

Direct shipments are carried out by a sales department specialist located on the territory of the Pili-Pila production and warehouse complex. Shipment is carried out without approval from management upon prepayment. Shipment on postpayment, deferred payment terms, etc. carried out only in agreement with the director of the enterprise. Shipment is carried out within a working day from the moment of confirmation of its possibility, subject to self-pickup, and within 2-3 working days if delivery is required by Pili-Pila LLC.

The competitive environment is represented by only one lumber manufacturer, located in the city of Dzhankoy. However, according to available data, the organization is currently experiencing a serious shortage of working capital. If previously its territorial location was successful from a logistics point of view, then after the closure of the border with Ukraine, such a location becomes inconvenient. There is no information about the incoming prices of this enterprise, but the wholesale price it offers to its customers is known - 8,800 rubles. per m 3 of edged lumber 1-3 grades of natural humidity. There is also reason to assume that the company does not have a permanent reliable supplier of raw materials, which leads to fluctuations in wholesale prices and profitability, as well as instability in product quality.

5. PRODUCTION PLAN

The production of Pili-Pila lumber is carried out from high-quality round timber, supplied from one of the largest logging companies in the country. Delivery is carried out by rail to the Simferopol - Gruzovoy station in gondola cars. Loading capacity of one gondola car is up to 90 m 3 . The rhythm of deliveries is 2 times a month, the volume depends on the need.

Production volume is adjusted according to the demand forecast for the week ahead. Line productivity – 150 m 3 /shift. The planned equipment load upon reaching planned sales volumes is 80%. Warehouse turnover is planned at 1 week.

The equipment supplier was selected based on a detailed analysis of the technical characteristics of the machines, cost, delivery conditions, as well as feedback on the quality of the equipment and the quality of work of the supplier itself.

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Equipment delivery time is 14 calendar days from the date of payment. The supplier carries out installation, commissioning, configuration of equipment and personnel training. The duration of commissioning work is 5 working days. The planned duration of training is 5 working days. In the future, the equipment supplier undertakes to carry out at its own expense the necessary additional training, work on setting up and repairing the equipment not only during the warranty period, but also after. Service conditions during the warranty and post-warranty period are regulated by the service agreement.

In order to increase production efficiency, a decision was made to purchase a ready-made aggregate production line instead of individual machines. The line carries out a full cycle of work on loading the stream, removing the slab and crushing it, calibrating the timber and sawing it in accordance with the task.

Finished products are stored in a warehouse, which is a covered, unheated room with good ventilation. Lumber is stored in stacks with the obligatory use of wooden slats to ensure sufficient ventilation. Lack of air circulation can lead to the formation of rot, mold and mildew.

Variable costs include the cost of raw materials and transportation costs. The cost of transporting 1 car from the supplier to production is 250,000 rubles with a load of 90 m 3. Thus, with the cost of raw materials within 3,500 rubles/m 3, the cost of transportation will be approximately 2,800 rubles/m 3. In addition, the costs of transshipment of raw materials from the railway station to production are taken into account. Thus, variable costs per 1 m 3 will be 6,500 rubles.

Table 4. Variable costs and formation of the wholesale selling price of goods

Fixed costs consist of rent, advertising, utility bills, etc. (Table 5). The required production area is about 200 m2, warehouse space is 300 m2. It is also necessary to provide a staff rest room, toilets and showers, a dining room, and an office space. Thus, the total area will be about 600 m2.

Table 5. Fixed costs

It is especially important to ensure a high level of occupational safety. All workers involved in production are required to undergo training, certification and annual recertification in safety precautions. The basic requirements for employees when hiring them are at least 5 years of experience in production (not necessarily woodworking), responsibility, and absence of bad habits.

6. ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN

When implementing a project, the following main stages can be distinguished: ordering and supplying equipment, installation and configuration of equipment and training of workers, the first stage of project implementation, the second stage of project implementation.

Order and delivery of equipment – ​​14 calendar days. Installation, commissioning and training – 10 working (14 calendar) days. The first stage of project implementation is understood as the period preceding the achievement of planned sales figures. The second stage of implementation is the direct activity of the enterprise in accordance with established targets. It is planned to enter the second stage by the 6th month of work.

Management functions are carried out by the director - a hired employee with experience in the woodworking industry or in the lumber trade. It is critical to have experience as a director (deputy director) of an enterprise.

The work of attracting clients is carried out by sales representatives. The main work occurs in the off-season to prepare the soil for the season. Customer service is provided by sales specialists who process incoming orders, issue invoices and control payments, and organize shipments.

All employees are carefully screened before a hiring decision is made. As a result, recruitment occurs for the purpose of long-term cooperation, rather than seasonal work. Employees retain their salary even in the off-season, when there is actually no production work or sales of goods.

Table 6. Staffing and wages fund

Figure 1. Organizational chart of Pili-Pila LLC

7. FINANCIAL PLAN

The financial plan is designed for a five-year perspective. All types of enterprise costs are taken into account. Based on a comparison of various options, according to the calculation results, a simplified taxation system with the object “income minus expenses” was selected.

The cash flow statement is given in Appendix 1. The enterprise's cost structure is reflected in Table. 4, 5, 6. The total amount of investment costs is 7.17 million rubles. Of these, 2.0 million are own funds. 5.17 million rubles. it is planned to attract in the form of a bank loan at 18% per annum for a period of 48 months. Payments are made in annuity payments with a deferment of the first payment of three months. Investments in working capital amount to 1.5 million rubles. – this will provide the enterprise with working capital until it reaches payback.

8. EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS

To assess the investment attractiveness of a project, generally accepted integral indicators are used - net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, etc. Integral indicators are given in Table. 1.

The discount rate was chosen at 15%, which is typical for organizing new production of non-innovative products; a market for the products already exists. With such a discount rate, all integral indicators have very high values, which allows us to talk about the high investment attractiveness of the project. The payback period is 6 months, and the net profit after the enterprise reaches its planned targets will be 15.65 million rubles. in year.

9. RISKS AND GUARANTEES

Since the business area under consideration is well developed both in global and domestic practice, the risks associated with the implementation of this project are low. The low level of competition and high demand for products of this type also suggest good prospects for the project.

However, it is necessary to take into account all possible risks associated with the implementation of the project. Risk assessment and measures to prevent them and/or eliminate consequences are given in Table. 7.

Table 7. Possible risks and measures to prevent them

When taking into account all possible risk factors and implementing measures to prevent them, we can say that the project is low-risk. And, therefore, it is of interest to the investor.