Job catalog.
Tasks 8. Assessment of relationships between people in social groups

Explanation.

For example,

Picture A shows a helmet, brush and roller. They are needed painter... He paints houses and apartments.

Picture B shows a sewing machine. Works on it seamstress... She sews clothes for people.

Picture B shows reagents and tubes. Works with them chemist... He studies various substances and their interactions.

Source: Demo version of VLOOKUP for the outside world 4th grade 2017, Demo version of VLOOKUP for the outside world 4th grade 2018.

The photographs show objects that representatives of different professions work with. Choose ONE of the photos and write down the letter that stands for it. Representatives of what profession work with the objects depicted in the selected photograph? If you know many professions whose representatives work with your chosen subject (s), name any of them... What kind of work do people in this profession do? How is the work of people in this profession useful for society?

Explanation.

Let's take a closer look at the pictures and remember what professions they are associated with. Let's choose one of them.

For example,

Picture A shows a fire engine. She needs fireman... He puts out fires.

Picture B shows a potter's wheel. Works on it potter... He makes dishes.

Picture B shows a calculator. Can work with him salesman... He sells goods to people and calculates the cost on a calculator.

Source: Statgrad: All-Russian verification work on the outside world, grade 4, 2016. Option 21.

The photographs show objects that representatives of different professions work with. Choose ONE of the photos and write down the letter that stands for it. Representatives of what profession work with the objects depicted in the selected photograph? If you know many professions whose representatives work with your chosen subject (s), name any of them... What kind of work do people in this profession do? How is the work of people in this profession useful for society?

Explanation.

To successfully complete the task, you need to choose a picture that depicts objects that representatives of well-known professions work with.

Picture A. It shows a camera. It uses it for work photographer to capture images of people or nature. The photographer takes pictures of interesting people or events to tell the public about them.

Picture B. The picture shows a watering can, boots, gloves and tools. These items are required gardener... He tends plants in gardens and parks.

Picture B. Picture B shows an airplane. The plane is associated with such professions as pilot and stewardess... The pilot transports passengers by plane to different cities and countries. The flight attendant helps passengers to feel comfortable during the flight.

Source: Statgrad: All-Russian verification work on the outside world, grade 4, 2016. Option 24., VLOOKUP for the outside world, grade 4, 2019. Option 19.

Visual arts

Pre-revolutionary HR, or Forgotten professions on the canvases of Russian artists

The labor market does not stand still. Some professions are corrected by technical progress, while others disappear into oblivion. What occupations were in demand in the past centuries? Ofenya, a water carrier, a batman ... Considering the paintings of Russian painters.

Water carrier

Sergey Gribkov. Water carrier. 1873

If in the Russian village almost every yard had its own well dug, then in the city it was difficult to find water. In the central regions, the water in rivers and ponds was most often unsuitable for drinking, so the townspeople had to bring clean water. The delivery was handled by a water carrier. To become one, one had to have a horse-drawn cart or two-wheeled cart and a large barrel. In St. Petersburg, the color of the barrel spoke of the quality of the water in it: water from the canals was transported in green barrels, and drinking water in white ones. Often the water carrier was accompanied by a dog: she notified the residents of the arrival of the cart with a loud bark. In large cities, this profession persisted until the beginning of the 20th century, until a centralized water supply appeared.

In 1873, the work of a water carrier was captured in his painting by the artist Sergei Gribkov. At that time, this profession was considered prestigious and, importantly, very profitable: this can be judged by the good-quality clothing of the employee. Water carriers often took advantage of the fact that the townspeople had no choice, and they took from them exorbitant prices.

Batman

Pavel Fedotov. Officer and orderly. 1850-1851

Order officers were soldiers of the Russian army who were on permanent service with an officer as a servant. According to historians, the name is derived from the French de jour, which means "orderly, duty officer." The orderly passed on the officer's orders to subordinates, cleaned his uniform and boots, and, if necessary, performed the duties of a bodyguard. Under Peter I, this post was served not only by commoners, but also by people from a noble family. The latter, as a rule, carried out diplomatic and secret assignments of the king. This "profession" was abolished in 1881, but unofficial orderlies existed during the Great Patriotic War. Their duties were performed by drivers.

Lamplighter

Leonid Solomatkin. Morning at the inn. 1873

The profession of a lamplighter in a more simplified form existed in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome: even then at night the streets were illuminated with the help of oil lamps and torches. In Russia, in the 19th century, retired military men who could work night and day were taken to the position of a lamplighter. In an hour, they walked around at least 50 lanterns: they adjusted the wicks and filled in hemp oil. Not without theft. To stop this, they began to add turpentine to the oil, and later it was completely replaced with kerosene. With the advent of electric lanterns, the work became somewhat easier, although they were still turned on and off manually. Only after the 30s of the XX century did the automatic mode of lighting the lanterns appear, and this once prestigious profession has sunk into oblivion. In some cities, you can still find a lamplighter, although this is more an attempt to preserve traditions than a necessity.

In the painting by Leonid Solomatkin "Morning at the tavern" you can see how the lamplighter, having climbed the ladder, goes about his business - extinguishing a candle. Each worker also had a long pole with which he lit and refueled the lanterns.

Saddler

Mikhail Klodt. Saddler. 1860s

Blinders were called eyecups that cover the horse's view on the sides. This is where the word "blinkered" comes from - this is how people who are unable to accept other points of view are called. The harness element gave the name to the whole profession. However, the master was engaged in the manufacture of all horse ammunition: saddles, bridles, stirrups. Each harness had to be unique. The first saddlers existed in Ancient Russia, and now only rare specialists decorate thoroughbred horses for racing.

Mikhail Klodt's painting shows a saddler at work. This craft was laborious and required skillful skills. What was it worth to choose the right skin! And still it was necessary to sew belts, put rivets. Everything was done by hand with the simplest tools. Each artisan adhered to certain rules. For example, it was possible to bend arcs only during the summer sap flow, and dry them exclusively in the shade.

Cooper

Traditionally, wooden barrels are used for pickling cucumbers and aging wine. In the old days, the cooper was engaged in their manufacture. Widespread in Russia, this profession came to naught in the XX century. Previously, the number of professional coopers reached a thousand people in each province, but now there are only a few of them. Filling the barrels was extremely difficult. Suffice it to recall an episode from a book about Robinson Crusoe: on the island, he tried to learn how to make kegs. I pored for several weeks, hammered together boards, but still I could not do anything worthwhile.

In the painting by Sergei Skachkov, you can see the cooper at work. With the help of an ax and improvised carpentry tools, he attaches wooden or iron hoops to the body. The boards should be knocked down so tightly to each other that they do not let water through.

With the development of society, the need for some professions inevitably disappears. In demand several centuries ago, today they have become history

Lamplighter

In Russia, this profession became widespread at the beginning of the 18th century. In 1718 he issued a decree "On the lighting of the streets of St. Petersburg", and five years later there were already six hundred lanterns on the streets of the city, served by 64 lampposts. During the years of reign, the first team of lamplighters appeared, consisting of. Later it was taken over by one of the police departments.

Source: www.korrespondent.net

In the Russian Empire of the 19th century, former military personnel often became lamplighters. They could work day and night, were distinguished by discipline, endurance, and most importantly, they were able to stand up for themselves in night skirmishes with hooligans or thieves. The lamplighter's duty was to walk around dozens of lanterns in an hour, pouring hemp oil into them and adjusting the wicks. It was rumored that some lamplighters were serving in bad faith: they took some of the hemp oil for themselves, so the lanterns emit a faint light and generally do not burn for long. Over time, the oil was replaced with kerosene.

The workers had ladders or long poles to help them reach the lantern, as well as a set of tools. Even after A.N. Lodygin's incandescent lamps and the appearance of electric lamps (1873), the profession did not disappear - they still had to be turned on manually. The work of lamplighters ceased to be in demand after the invention of the automatic ignition mode in the 30s of the twentieth century.

Source: www.ptmap.ru

Today, in many cities, you can find monuments to lamplighters as a tribute to a profession that has gone into the past. One of these monuments is located on Odessa Street in St. Petersburg - exactly at the place where the first electric lamp was lit.

Milliner

The female profession associated with the world of fashion appeared in France in the 18th century. The milliners were engaged in the creation of hats and ornaments for them, sewing capes, veils, scarves and home dresses. They could reshape an old wardrobe item, add accessories and turn it into a real work of art. The milliners gained wide popularity thanks to the skillfully created ladies' hats. Each handcrafted model was one of a kind. The most demanded representatives of this profession could afford to keep up to a hundred workers in subordination and open their own workshops.

In the Russian Empire, the milliner profession began to gain popularity in the 1800s. Women united in specialized communities, opened milliners' schools, and shared skills. At the end of the 19th century, the activities of the milliners began to be covered in the periodicals. In St. Petersburg, prototypes of future glossy magazines were published, among which were “Vestnik Fashion” and “Modiste” with illustrations of hats and ornaments in the form of brooches, ribbons, feathers and precious stones.

The work of milliners remained relevant throughout the 19th and first half of the 20th century, and then came to naught due to changes in the structure of the fashion industry and a change in trends. The creation of sophisticated hats is now the province of designers.

Ballroom pianist

In the era of silent films, the only soundtrack to what was happening on the screen was playing the piano. A man of a profession that had sunk into oblivion, a pianist, was engaged in it. In fact, papers appeared even earlier than cinematography. They worked at balls, dinner parties and other social events. The word tapeur itself is French and translates to "clap" or "beat". With the advent of cinematography, the profession of a pianist gained wide popularity and remained so for at least thirty years. Many attempts to make sound films were unsuccessful, and filmmakers saw the only salvation in pianos. Even then, it became clear that watching a picture in complete silence was a dubious pleasure.

Source: www.luxfon.com

It is interesting that the profession of a porter acquired the widest popularity in the Russian Empire. In the 1910s. on the territory of the country, the number of cinemas (they were then called "cinematographs") was estimated at thousands, and the number of viewers - tens of millions per year. Cinematography, as a new form of art, was negatively perceived by the theatrical community, which rightly feared competition. Directors, actors, screenwriters and pianists were not advised to leave the theater for the cinema.

Those who, despite criticism, did in their own way, were often despised. The work of a pianist was considered unworthy of a qualified pianist, although it required a lot of dedication. Tapers performed their duties for 7-10 hours a day without interruption, sitting in a stuffy room without windows. They played in the dark so as not to distract the audience's attention from the screen. Of course, not every pianist could accept such conditions with dignity.

There was a gradation of taper. The less talented played according to special sheet music - film libraries, while the most gifted were called "illustrator pianists" and independently selected the musical accompaniment for each episode in the film. They can be considered the creators of the first soundtracks for films. The salary of tappers of the "highest category" was about 150 rubles a month.

Taper labor remained in demand in Soviet Russia as well. In the 1920s, courses on "musical film illustration" began to open, which continued to exist even after the appearance of the first sound films. And yet, gradually, the need for filmmakers in pianos disappeared. This profession, like many others, has been supplanted by modern technology, but it has not disappeared without a trace. Already today, it is becoming fashionable to organize screenings of old films on the big screen, accompanied by live music, which means that the craft of pianists has got a second chance.

Hunter and falconer

The hunter is a profession that has existed in Russia since the 11th century. In the "Teaching to Children" of the Kiev prince Vladimir Monomakh, it is indicated that the hunters specialized in different types of hunting, and also had powers of authority. Falconers, fishermen, sub-glaciers and hounds freely performed their work on the territory of the principality and could even demand from local residents to participate in the hunt. Since the 13th century, documents contain references to the hunting duty, which existed even later, during the rise of the Moscow principality. This is evidenced, in particular, by coins of the XIV century with an image of a man minted on them holding a falcon on his right hand. Since 1569, the concepts of "trapper" and "falconer" began to mean not only the type of activity, but also the court rank.

Basically, employers need specialists who are versed in the industries familiar and familiar to all of us: economics, medicine, engineering, and the like. But in the world there are many other, unknown to most people, the most extraordinary and strange professions, which few have heard of, and certainly no one knows where they teach professional ant fishing, show a master class on pulling the brain out of the head of a slaughtered animal and explain how to trade dreams correctly. We will tell you about these and many other strange types of work in the continuation of the article.

1. Ant catcher

The ant catcher must catch the best individuals in the anthill, which will later serve for procreation on artificial ant farms.

2. Brain remover

The place of work of the brain remover is an abattoir. His duties include putting the head of the slaughtered animal on the table and, after the skull is split open, remove the brain from there, which is then sent to restaurants.

3. Mattress tester

Who among us in childhood did not like to jump on the bed? True, then our parents scolded us for this, but Ruben Reinoso is paid money for it! A man works in a mattress factory and jumps on them as much as he wants.

4. An organizer who will help you get your child to a children's camp

Going on vacation or other long trip, there is always the risk of forgetting something important, but for New Yorkers this is no longer a problem. For less than a thousand dollars, an organizer will come to the house of the Americans, who will collect everything necessary for the children to travel to the summer camp.

5. People who live in luxury apartments and receive money for it

It is difficult to call this activity and work: live yourself in a luxurious apartment, enjoy life and get money for it - heaven, and nothing more! But these people are essentially nomads who only create the appearance of life in the house, observing ideal cleanliness and order. And when there are buyers for the house, the family should immediately move to another luxurious house.

Jumping off a cliff into the unknown - what could be worse? And if money is paid for it? Cliff diving competitions from "Red Bull" are held all over the world, and today half of the competitions have already taken place, in which extreme sportsmen from different countries took part, having conquered a height of 27 meters.

And this job seems to be one of the most boring in the world, and perhaps it is. During his working day, 34-year-old Dr. Thomas Curven carefully monitors how paint dries, monitors how its color and texture change. The doctor must give a guarantee that the paint is durable and will not peel off in the near future.

In Asian countries, people are used to restraining themselves, so the funeral is served by special mourners. The prices for the services of such personnel look something like this: crying - 1 coin; howling crying - 3 coins; hysterical crying with howling and falling to his knees - 7 coins; sobbing with beating oneself in the chest, tearing clothes and rolling on the ground - 20 coins. Before starting work, you must pass a test for knowledge of traditions, the ability to sob dramatically and instantly calm down.

Perhaps one of the strangest professions is the scarecrow man. Nevertheless, the young man who finished his studies at the institute got a job just for this job. His job was to scare off local birds with an accordion and bell, while wearing a bright orange coat. For this performance he was paid £ 250 a week.

A man of this profession comes up with sonorous names for the clothes of the new collection. "Drops of Blood on Garibaldi", "Rice Pudding of Jawaharlava", "Seduction of the Prince of Bohemia" and even "Hippie Boy, Take Me!" - this is his handiwork.

These people work in Antarctica and rescue poor birds that stare at planes and fall on their backs. After all, by their nature, penguins are not able to climb themselves.

The postal clerk dreams of becoming a great actor for one night. A businessman dreams of managing a multi-ton train. The psychiatrist dreams of meeting 20 girls from 20 different countries in 20 days off. How do you make their dreams come true? One of the Chicago-based companies is engaged in the realization of any fantasies and desires of its customers. All you need is to come to their office, tell what you dream about, and pay the amount that the specialists will tell you. However, remember that the minimum cost of making a dream come true is $ 150,000.

A new service has appeared in the Celestial Empire ... On the streets of Chinese cities you can now meet comrades who, for a fee of 4 cents, are ready to tell anyone where the nearest public toilet is. In their work books it is written: "Civil servant - toilet guide"!

A large condom company has opened several new positions. The office is recruiting young people for the positions of "Condom Testers"! An unlimited number of consumables are included in the standard tester's outfit. The one who best provides the office with useful information about the progress of the tests will receive a bonus of $ 1000!

Fortune cookies, popular throughout the feast, need regular and correct compilation of these very predictions. Their author must certainly have a good imagination, because the prophecies must be clear, interesting, varied and unusual. At first glance, the job seems easy, but try to come up with at least a hundred such predictions!

The main consumable in this work is swimming trunks. They are rubbed at a terrible speed, because here the main working weapon is the buttocks. And Tom Lynch's buttocks are known all over the world wherever there are water parks. With his fifth point, he tested hundreds of slides, while recording his feelings in special forms.

Do you know what perfect pitch is? In Italy, for example, it is the ability to clearly perform the song "O sole mia" on parmesan cheese. The factories where it is produced employ people with musical education. They knock on the heads of the cheese with a silver hammer to determine if it is ripe. And it ripens for 3 years, releasing new notes every day. The further you go, the louder the Parmesan.

Some pastry shops have so-called egg sniffers. They make sure that rotten chicken eggs are not used in the production of confectionery.

You can honestly rejoice for the British. An office has appeared in the country promising citizens that they will not stand in lines. For them it will be done by a specially trained "parking lot". Services are not cheap - almost 40 bucks an hour. Considering that every Englishman has been in line for more than a year in his life, then the savings are obvious!

Tests the efficacy of chewing gum by sniffing the breath of people with aching teeth after consuming garlic or alcohol. A good gum should drown it all out.

At the annual marijuana festival in Amsterdam, weed growers compete in many categories: the tastiest marijuana, the most beautiful in color, the funniest, with the strongest effect ... The winner is determined by judges who have to taste up to 30 weed varieties per day. And while the winners are being awarded for the brightest effect, they are trying to bring the tasters back from the "Land of Laughter".