If your little ones have never held real clay, it's time to start - long weekends and warm days contribute to this. You can prepare and buy clay in the store, or you can dig up in the country - in any case, the child will get an unforgettable experience from communicating with this amazing material. For some reason, small children who fall into the hands of something suitable for modeling are very often one of the first to create ... a bird's nest with eggs and a bird. We will tell you how you can help your child with such a craft.

Nothing captivates children like working with natural clay. The art shop sells wet, polymer, all-purpose, low-temperature model clay, and for natural clay, visit your local pottery or go to the construction market.

To start

Working with clay requires the mind, bodily effort and soul. Clay reacts instantly. Some children immediately want to work with her and are ready to get down to business right away. Others are not as enthusiastic, especially if the clay is cold. And others prefer to stand aside.

Don't put pressure on them, just enjoy the feel of the clay changing shape under your fingers. Children will join when they are ready.

There is nothing more pleasant than pressing your fingers into soft, pliable clay. In the beginning, tools will only interfere with this important sensory connection. Ask the child: "How can you change the surface of the clay?" Words such as “pierce”, “pinch”, “stretch”, “stroke” and “hit” will be appropriate here. Each part of the hand—fingers, knuckles, or fist—acts differently on the clay. And you will have a great opportunity to replenish lexicon children.

• Let's compress the clay to make a tall figure.
• Let's pull the clay, then ledges or bumps are formed.
• Let's try to pierce the clay in some places.
• Can you make a hole?

Roll up balls and ropes

One of my favorite ways to keep kids entertained is to ask them to roll up clay sticks (“sausages”) of various lengths and sizes. Have them try it with their eyes closed. In this way, they use their sense of touch, and their hands will understand where they need to move and with what force to press.

Try rolling ropes and balls of different sizes and connecting them. Random shapes suddenly turn into people, animals, and other shapes.

You can also use clay as building material- along with sticks, stones, shells, beans, twigs and other inclusions - to build fortresses, shelters, houses for fairies, bridges and the like.

Have a notepad and camera ready

Italian teachers taught me to pay attention to incredible ideas and comments that children often make. I always keep a notebook ready to write them down, as well as phrases that seem unusual to me. Another useful tool is a camera. Use it to capture a sculpture you've created, or to capture a workflow.

Completion of work and storage of clay

Clay from the table is best cleaned with a scraper or spatula, a kitchen spatula is also suitable. Roll the clay into a ball. Make a small hole in the bowl and pour water into it. Seal the indentation and put the clay in a bag or put it in an airtight container. Plastic container. When you take it out again, first knead it like dough so that it becomes soft.

Clay nest with birds and eggs (from 3 years old)

You will need:

• Clay
• A bowl of water and a rag
• Oilcloth or plastic stand
• Feathers (optional)

1. Cut three pieces of clay the size of a lemon. Set two of them aside.
2. Ask your child to roll a ball from one piece. Then, holding the clay in his hands, he should press a hole in the center with his thumbs. (You can show how to do this on your balloon.)
3. Still keeping the thumbs inside, the child will shape the clay by pushing the edges outward until the nest is the correct shape and size.
4. Take the second piece of clay and divide it into three small pieces. Let the child roll each of them into a ball. Press them down a little to get oblong eggs, or leave them in the shape of a ball. Put the eggs in the nest.
5. Take the third piece of clay and ask the child to fashion a bird out of it (whatever he wants).
6. If desired, add feathers to the bird - stick them into the clay in place of the tail and / or wings.
7. Leave nest and bird to air dry. Then you can put them on the shelf as a decoration or play with them a little. And don't forget to take a picture of the craft!

Author Jin Van't Hal studied art history, author of a blog about creative activities with children, mother of two children

Katie Weisman Topal

Comment on the article "How to sculpt with children from clay: 4 tips and one craft"

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* * *

The following excerpt from the book Clay modeling for children. We develop fingers and head (S. Yu. Rashchupkina, 2010) provided by our book partner - the company LitRes.

Child development when working with clay

Clay modeling and speech development

The stages of the formation of a child's speech often repeat the stages of the development of the speech of mankind as a whole: gestures, the appearance of exclamations, individual words, verbal speech with remnants of gesticulation.

Just as labor had a great influence on the emergence and development of the speech of all mankind, the child's speech depends on his activity. All the concepts and ideas that the baby receives in the process of manipulating objects are reflected in his speech. If the child's play is limited, then the scope of concepts narrows and his vocabulary becomes poorer.

Speech development is difficult process which is different for every child. In one child, the first words appear early, and speech improves quite quickly. The speech activity of such a baby should not be forced in order to protect it from undesirable consequences. If the development of speech lags behind, then the child, on the contrary, should be encouraged to talk, introduce new words, and learn how to build phrases correctly. However, it is impossible to overstrain his nervous system with increased loads.

Communication with adults is the main engine of speech development. Scientists have proven that the formation of speech areas in the cerebral cortex depends on the influence of impulses from the fingers, and the area of ​​the cerebral cortex that oversees human speech is located next to the area responsible for the development of fine motor skills of the hands. Therefore, modeling not only improves fine motor skills, but also speech. If finger movements are delayed, then even with normal general physical activity, there is a lag in speech activity.

The functions of the hand and speech develop in parallel. First, the baby masters the subtle movements of the hands, then the first syllables appear in his speech. The subsequent formation of speech depends on the fitness of the movements of the child's fingers. If a three- or five-year-old kid enjoys playing finger games that develop fine motor skills, then older preschoolers often refuse this.

Nevertheless, at this age it is necessary to train the fingers and stimulate speech development in order to prepare the child for schooling, so modeling classes are an effective substitute for finger games.

As practice shows, it is quite often very difficult for first-graders to master writing skills: they get tired quickly, it is difficult for them to write, trembling and pain appear in their hands, which makes them nervous and cry. The fact is that the hands of the child performs most of the work in various activities. It is from the ability to make small and precise movements, and not from the skill of owning a pencil, brush or scissors, that the level of his intelligence depends

The famous Russian teacher V. A. Sukhomlinsky wrote: “The origins of the abilities and talents of children are at their fingertips. From the fingers, figuratively speaking, there are the thinnest threads-streams that feed the source of creative thought. In other words, the more skill in a child's hand, the smarter the child."

Clay like any other plastic material helps to develop the most different sides of the personality of the baby. It is better to start modeling from it with a child at the age of 5. At this age, his fingers are already strong enough to work with such material. In principle, the simplest products can be sculpted with children under 5 years old.

While working with clay, the child develops fine motor skills of the hands, strength and mobility of the fingers, he learns to coordinate the movements of both hands, and accordingly acquires sensory experience. When creating his craft, the baby uses both hands at once, at this moment all fingers and the inner surface of the palms are involved. Surprisingly, clay modeling gives the same effect as hand massage.

If your child has speech problems, try sculpting with him. This can be done in two ways: constructive, that is, by making individual parts and fastening them into one whole, and plastic, by sculpting them from a whole piece of clay. The second method is more complicated, since a good eye, precise movements and a clear representation of the shape of the object are necessary for sculpting from a whole piece.

You can conduct modeling classes so that they are also lessons on the development of speech. To do this, in the process of work, ask the baby to tell about his actions. You can first talk with the child about what he is going to fashion, what shape and size his product should be, where it should be placed, how to color it later - all this stimulates the baby's speech activity.

In addition, in a conversation, the child learns many new words. Therefore, modeling has a positive effect on the expansion of the passive and active vocabulary of a preschooler. For classes, you should select subjects that are already familiar to him. This will clarify and expand his knowledge, help him analyze the situation and make a generalization. For example, invite him to embody the plot of a familiar fairy tale in clay, while be sure to discuss all the characters, the situations in which they are destined to fall, etc.

After sculpting, ask the child to analyze his work, to evaluate the work of a friend. You can invite him to come up with a story about his product. During modeling classes, you can read poems about an animal that your son or daughter is currently making, come up with an affectionate name for him, for example, Chanterelle-sister, Mishutka, etc. All this also has a beneficial effect on the development of the child’s speech.

It should be noted that modeling also has a psychotherapeutic orientation. The kid makes various fairy-tale characters from clay and plays with situations and relationships with them.

With molded objects, the child can simply play without fear that they will break or break. In addition, the baby is usually kind to handmade things, which means that she teaches him to take care of toys.

A group of children can be offered to make several toys, with which they can stage and play a performance in the future. When performing a model together, children learn to communicate and interact with each other, correctly express their thoughts, and explain what they have planned. In addition, such work will have a beneficial effect on their development, because the ability to work in a team is very important for a future student.

The influence of working with clay on the development of the child's mental processes

Artistic and creative activity (sculpting, drawing, appliqué, working with natural material, etc.) is of great importance in shaping the personality of a child. These activities help the baby to feel the joy of knowledge, creativity.

Sculpting, like any other kind visual arts, should be creative, because the kid in his works figuratively reflects reality and his impressions of the world around him. In addition, during modeling, the child acquires a variety of knowledge, his ideas about the world around him are refined and deepened. A preschooler in the process of work comprehends the qualities of objects, their characteristics. During classes with clay, the baby can perceive the integrity of the shape of the object, since it is necessary to work with both hands at once.

With his products, the child tries to convey what he remembers, what excited and aroused interest, therefore modeling has a rather large impact on the mental development of the baby. First of all, she teaches a preschooler to observe, because, before fashioning an object, one must get to know it well, determine and remember its size, shape, design, and arrangement of parts. The kid sculpts what he already knows, what he met before, according to the idea or from memory. Thus, his imagination also develops.

Very often, the ideas of the child are practical and even a little pragmatic. This can be seen in his work, once he learns how to accurately embody his fantasies.

These representations are formed in the process of direct study of the object during a walk, game, or specially organized observation. The horizons of the child expands and when familiarized with fiction. During modeling, the baby's knowledge of the qualities and properties of the object is refined and expanded. In this he is helped by touch, vision and hand movements.

For the mental development of a child, it is very important that knowledge about the variety of shapes, the position of objects in space, size, colors and shades is constantly updated. You should always pay the attention of the baby to the variability of size, shape (puppy and dog), colors (color of ripe and unripe fruits), to the different positions of the objects themselves and their parts (the bird sits, pecks grains, flies).

By engaging in visual activity, the child learns various materials, gets acquainted with their properties and capabilities, learns to work with them. During clay modeling such thought processes as analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization are formed. When examining objects, the baby must determine the shape of the object and its parts, size, color, position in space. If he composes a composition, then he needs to compare objects and find differences.

Thus, the child learns to compare objects, to find common and distinctive features in them, to combine them according to one or two identical ones. Having determined, for example, the shape of an object, he will be able to correctly choose the method of its manufacture (for example, for a cherry, chicken, tumbler or apple, pieces of clay must be rolled into a ball).

Gradually, the child learns to distinguish not only the simplest signs, but also more subtle ones, those that are more difficult to grasp. Having learned to generalize the same signs and qualities, in the future he easily recognizes them in other objects.

In modeling classes, children form such personal qualities, as initiative, inquisitiveness, independence, mental activity, in addition, the child learns to plan his actions and bring them to the end.

With object modeling, the child learns to correctly depict animals and people, highlighting their characteristic features.

Being engaged in plot modeling, children not only depict the form, but also arrange objects in space, linking them together by action. The kid tries to highlight the main thing in the plot, thinking about the composition, creatively approaching this issue, using all his knowledge and observations. At the same time, during the modeling of the plot composition, the child must use various manufacturing techniques.

A child will be able to independently make any product only if his work is internally motivated, so it is necessary to interest the child before modeling by showing him the ceramic figures of different masters.

With decorative modeling, children learn to think about the plot, draw sketches, apply various types of modeling, use special tools, fill the entire space correctly and beautifully.

It should be noted that children's modeling also has a social orientation. The child makes crafts not only for himself, but also for the people around him. He wants his product to be recognized. He is very sensitive to the assessment of an adult and the comments of his comrades. Critical statements can lower his self-esteem, and, conversely, the praise of an adult affects it in a positive way. In addition, the social orientation can be seen in the fact that in his work the baby reflects the phenomena of social life (for example, performances of athletes, space flights, various holidays, etc.)

Modeling combines two types of mental and physical activity. To create crafts, you need to make an effort, perform certain actions, master the skills and practical skills that will be useful to the child in the future to perform a variety of jobs.

In the process of sculpting, a child develops such moral and volitional qualities as purposefulness and concentration on a particular occupation, the ability to complete what has been started, overcome difficulties in work, help a friend, etc.

In the manufacture of collective work, children learn to negotiate with each other about the implementation common work, to unite, to help a partner. In addition, the assessment of collective work brings up in the child attention, tact, goodwill, justice, the ability to rejoice not only in one's own, but also in the general or someone else's success.

The participation of the child in preparing the workplace and cleaning it after modeling contributes to the formation of self-service skills, so it is so important to teach the baby to do it himself, because at school it will be very useful to him, since there it will be exclusively his duty.

Modeling is one of the means of aesthetic education, so it is necessary to offer the baby only beautiful samples, for example, you can give a ready-made ceramic figurine.

Considering the properties of an object (shape, structure, color, size, location in space), the child develops a sense of color, shape, rhythm, which are components of the aesthetic sense.

Aesthetic perception should first of all be directed to the object as a whole - the beauty of color, the harmony of form, the proportionality of parts, etc. Then the child's attention should be drawn to individual properties that will need to be conveyed in the work. At the end of the consideration and analysis of the subject, it is important to return to a holistic perception.

You need to help the child only when he asks for it. After overcoming the technical difficulty, it is necessary to leave him alone so that he himself can consolidate this skill and choose a further direction of work.

For the development of an aesthetic sense, it is very important to use figurative comparisons when emphasizing the beauty of an object. In young children, aesthetic feelings are in their infancy, they are attracted by bright colors, shiny surfaces. Older children pay attention to the symmetry in the arrangement of parts, the repetition of elements, the expressiveness of the silhouette, the constructive harmony of the object. With the development of perception and the enrichment of children's ideas, aesthetic feelings become more conscious and deep.

The immediate aesthetic feeling arising from the perception of a beautiful object consists of various elements. One of them is the sense of color that comes from looking at beautiful combinations of colors, such as golden yellow flowers among green grass.

The next element of the aesthetic sense is the sense of rhythm, which is formed during the perception of the rhythmic harmony of the object, the location of its parts, for example, in indoor plants, the harmony and integrity of the shape of the object in ceramic products. When looking at buildings, a sense of proportion is developed.

With a more conscious perception of the surrounding world, aesthetic feelings become more stable, deeper and more meaningful. The child learns to talk about the aesthetic side of objects, phenomena of life, works of art, which he evaluates in general and in terms of their individual properties using the definitions “elegant”, “huge”, “joyful”, “light”, “lively”, “festive " and etc.

It is necessary to teach the baby to convey, when sculpting, not just objects and phenomena, but also to depict them expressively. Creativity in work will appear only when the child not only masters the necessary skills and abilities for work, but when he develops aesthetic perception. With a creative approach, he brings some personal experiences into the product, a certain attitude towards it, includes in his image what was perceived in different situations and at different times.

For very young children, modeling can be turned into a game. Crafts for the baby are first of all toys. Therefore, in the course of the lesson, he modifies them, sculpts them again, adds some details, and sometimes breaks them. Modeling is very useful for children, especially boys. One of the most important species the activity of the child is research, and for a comprehensive study of the subject it must be disassembled and assembled, so there is nothing wrong with the fact that the baby breaks his craft, he can always do it again.

During modeling, it is necessary first of all to discuss what and why you want to do, and not how to realize the idea. Any product must be motivated. For this, fairy tales, myths, stories are suitable, since children are very fond of portraying their favorite characters.

At first, you should not “load” the child with precise technology and high requirements for the final result, just give him the opportunity to pinch off small ones from a large piece, flatten them into cakes, roll up flagella and cut them, because all this allows you to explore the physical world.

A two- or three-year-old child, starting to sculpt, has no intention, he simply crumples the clay in his hands, cuts, pinches, flattens, that is, plays with it. When asked about what he did, the baby responds spontaneously. At 3-4 years old, the child also has no idea, but he already answers the same question of an adult, associatively comparing his product with objects familiar to him. Five-year-old children, when sculpting, pay attention to the main external signs, but they are not yet able to fashion the details.

Older children's crafts are becoming more expressive and diverse. So, they can immediately conceive and sculpt a dynamic figure, trying to keep its basic proportions. The child already pays attention to details. For example, when sculpting a figure of Santa Claus, he will definitely add a bag with gifts, and Baba Yaga - a mortar, etc.

Being creative, you need to clearly know all the stages creative development baby. Almost all children under 5 play with art materials. At this stage, the adult should show how to play with clay and encourage the child. Thus, the main thing at the first stage of creative development is the game.

Until the age of 8, a child’s imagination is actively working, therefore, his creative independence should be encouraged, sometimes you can correct crafts, show some technical tricks. During this period, the main thing is fantasy.

A favorite pastime for a baby can be making prints of their hands and any other items. Just roll out the clay dough into a layer and ask the child to press his palm to it. Whole compositions can be made from such prints.

At the age of 12, a child performs his work, already relying on generally recognized criteria for correctness and beauty. The task of an adult is to tactfully evaluate products, transfer technical skills, demand artistic discipline and maintain memory of the previous period. At this stage, the main thing is beauty.

If at the first and second stages you choose technique as a priority, then the child will develop a hand, but creative independence will die, he will get used to working only on a given topic. If, however, all periods of creative development go through correctly, then by the end of the second, the child will create bright, original things in which all his experiences will be reflected, and at the end of the third, he will be able to freely draw and sculpt.

Polymer clay is a bright, soft material for modeling. It makes very beautiful crafts. Children sculpt from polymer clay with great pleasure, because. unlike plasticine, in order to mold something, you do not need to put a lot of physical effort. Even 2-year-old children can roll out polymer clay parts. The sculpting process will not leave anyone indifferent!

Sculpting from polymer clay is a very useful activity. She develops fine motor skills; creative, figurative, spatial thinking; as well as imagination, perseverance and diligence, and, which is not unimportant, in a playful way.

Advantages of sculpting from polymer clay:

1. It is a material that is safe for health, which is not scary to give to children;

2. Amazingly beautiful crafts are made from polymer clay;

3. Availability of material;

4. The material is completely non-toxic;

5. Polymer clay does not leave dirty stains on the hands in the same way as ordinary plasticine does.

6. Crafts made of polymer clay can become an apartment decoration or Christmas tree decorations.

For inspiration, the Curious World has prepared for you some examples with detailed instructions, crafts made of polymer clay.

Nemo

Mouse in a hat

pink owl

Yorkshire Terrier

Wise Yoda

Hippo

Hamster with cherry

Turtle

Marina Ivanovna Shalpova
Abstract of a clay modeling lesson for children 5–6 years old “Fairytale Bird”

MBDOU "Starobachatsky kindergarten general developmental type with priority artistic and aesthetic development"

fairy bird

Clay modeling lesson

For children 5-6 years old

Fulfilled: caregiver

Shalpova M. I.

Oldies 2018

Target:

Learn children create a fabulous image of a bird with acquired knowledge and skills clay sculptures, with minimal interference with their personal perception.

Tasks:

Give an idea of ​​the diversity of the image birds, their shapes and structures.

Learn to create an image fabulous birds using the tricks clay sculptures(rolling, flattening, etc.)

Cultivate creative activity children, through the creation of an image fabulous bird.

Attach children to folk crafts through their own work.

materials: clay, slip (for fastening parts, cotton napkin, stacks, water, pictures of real and fabulous birds, record player, audio recording: "Vote birds» , decorative embroidery - birds, household items where there is an image fabulous bird.

Lesson progress

The children enter the studio

The teacher allows children to listen to different voices birds.

teacher: Look what the birds have come to us.

(the teacher shows the children birds)

Guys, I invite you to an exhibition where different birds.

(children look at illustrations birds)

teacher: Name someone you know birds.

Children: Nightingale, cuckoo, owl.

teacher Q: Have you ever seen one like this? birds?

(the teacher demonstrates illustrations of unusual fabulous birds)

teacher: Is it possible to meet such birds in the forest or parks?

Children: No (This fabulous birds)

teacher: Right. Such birds don't exist, they were invented

artists.

Physical minute.

The teacher invites the children to play the game "We are birds".

teacher: Guys, tell me, what is the difference fabulous birds

from those birds that we see on the streets, in parks, in the forest?

Children: These birds colorful, they are decorated with patterns, they have

unusual shapes of tails, wings, crests.

The teacher demonstrates the objects to the children

arts and crafts.

(lace with picture birds, cutting board with the image of Gorodets bird, panel with Khokhloma bird)

teacher: Who can find in these objects fabulous

bird?

(children examine objects and share their impressions)

teacher: From what you can make an unusual bird?

Children: From paper, from threads, beads, feathers.

teacher: You named everything correctly, but in this unusual

beautiful box, I have hidden material that you

not named.

teacher: Guess!

Hiding in the ground

Transforms in hands

Fire is tempered

Turns into a dish.

(clay)

The teacher gets clay from a box.

teacher: Do you think you can clay make fabulous

bird?

(answers children)

teacher: And let's try to make out clay

fabulous bird.

teacher: Where is my magic box? She will help us

ordinary piece turn clay into a fabulous bird.

Repeat after me:

Box, box turn around

Turn clay into a bird.

The teacher takes it out of the box earthenware, fabulous bird.

Children are considering bird.

The teacher reads an excerpt from the poem.

teacher: What a miracle - bird

Be proud of your beauty.

Boast will not miss -

Feathers fan out.

teacher: If each of you blinds his own fabulous bird, then we will have an exhibition of unusual birds.

The teacher offers to get to work.

In the process of work, the teacher asks in what sequence it is better to depict (sculpt) bird which part to start with (from the body).

Remind how to sculpt a flying bird(with open wings, and how you can mold two identical wings.

And what details do you need to decorate the wings and tail (balls of different sizes; sausages of different thicknesses and lengths, etc.) to bird turned out elegant (decorative).

Remind the guys that the connection clay parts are produced on slip, which is used in this case as "glue".

After the work is completed, the recording with singing is turned on. birds children exhibit their work.

teacher: We got an exhibition fabulous birds. Let's

Let's come up with a name for our exhibition.

Children: « Birds from fairy tales» , "Exhibition of unusual birds» ,

« Fairy birds flew into a fairy tale» , "Miracle - birds» .

teacher: Now our exhibition is ready to receive guests. We invite educators children other groups and parents.

Oh, you are dear guests,

We have painted birds,

We sculpted and tried.

They were going to show you.

Come visit us

We are always glad to have guests!

teacher: Guys, you are great! We have a wonderful exhibition. And maybe one of you, when you grow up, will become a real sculptor.

Current page: 1 (total book has 3 pages) [available reading excerpt: 1 pages]

D. N. Koldina
Modeling with children 5–6 years old
Lesson notes

From the author

For the harmonious development of the child's personality, it is very important to introduce him to the world of beauty through fine arts (drawing, modeling, appliqué).

Children 5-6 years old get acquainted in the classroom for visual activities with different types art, vividly perceive the image in painting, decorative crafts, sculpture, graphics. Their work is gaining more awareness. The idea begins to outstrip the image. Previously acquired visual skills are consolidated.

In modeling classes, one should consolidate the ability to sculpt familiar objects, conveying their characteristic features; learn to sculpt a figure of a person and an animal in motion, create simple compositions. Children should be given the opportunity to use a variety of modeling techniques in the course of classes, to combine plasticine with natural or additional material in modeling. Children's hand movements become more confident. IN collective work Children learn to plan and coordinate their actions.

In this manual, we offer summaries of exciting clay, dough and plasticine modeling lessons in combination with natural and additional material.

Classes are compiled according to the thematic principle: one topic unites all classes (on the outside world, on the development of speech, on modeling, on applications, on drawing) during the week.

A modeling lesson with children aged 5-6 is held once a week and lasts 20-25 minutes. The manual contains 36 abstracts complex classes for the academic year (September to May).

Read the outline of the lesson carefully in advance and, if something does not suit you, make changes; prepare necessary material and equipment.

Preliminary work is also important (reading a work of art, familiarizing yourself with the surrounding phenomena, examining drawings and paintings). It is advisable to conduct a modeling lesson before the children engage in appliqué and draw on this topic.

Modeling classes are built according to the following approximate plan.

1. Creation of interest and emotional mood (surprise moments, poems, riddles, songs, nursery rhymes are used; acquaintance with works of fine art; reminders of what has been seen before; the appearance of a fairy-tale character in need of help; dramatization games; exercises for the development of memory, attention and thinking; outdoor games).

2. The process of doing the work begins with an analysis of the depicted subject, the advice of the educator and the proposals of the children to create the work; in some cases, a display of image techniques is used. Next, the children begin to create their own work. The teacher can draw their attention to a successfully started craft; direct the actions of children in need of support and assistance. When finalizing the product with additional elements, children should pay attention to expressive means (correctly selected desired colors and interesting details).

3. Consideration of finished works (in this case, the teacher gives only a positive assessment). The child should rejoice at the result, learn to evaluate his craft and the work of other children, notice new and interesting solutions, see the resemblance to nature.

In modeling classes with children 5–6 years old, the following are used molding methods.

1. Constructive- sculpting an object from separate parts.

2. Plastic- the details of the object are drawn from the whole piece.

3. Combined- a combination of different sculpting methods in one product.

4. relief sculpture- a three-dimensional image protruding above the plane that forms its background.

Types of reliefs:

- bas-relief - low relief (the image protrudes above the plane by less than half (coins, medals));

- high relief - high relief (individual parts can completely protrude above the plane (walls of architectural structures));

- counter-relief - depressed relief (the image is deepened into the plane).

Let's list modeling techniques, which can be used by children 5-6 years old:

Rolling balls (any work begins with the use of this technique): a piece of plasticine is placed between the palms and circular movements are made with the palms;

Rolling the columns with the movements of the palms back and forth on the plank;

Flattening or flattening between fingers or palms of balls and columns;

Pinching or pulling: pinch the plasticine between two or three fingers and pull lightly;

Pulling out individual parts from a whole piece: with your thumb and forefinger, gradually press the plasticine from all sides (you can roll out the column only on one side and get a narrowed conical shape);

Indentation with the thumb of the recess on the surface of the form;

Connecting parts into a single whole and smoothing the joints;

Flattening the bottom of the mold by tapping it on the plank to make the craft stable;

Drawing on plasticine in the counter-relief method using a stack, a pointed stick;

Decorating crafts with various additional and natural materials: short sticks, straws, cropped maple or ash lionfish, buttons, pennies, woolen threads, etc .;

Decoration of the object with small details molded from plasticine;

Mixing several colors in one piece of plasticine: take 2-3 pieces of plasticine, twist them and knead them - you get multi-color plasticine.

Many adults do not really like to work with clay, do not know the technique of working with it, and often often replace clay modeling with plasticine modeling in class. The following will help the teacher to successfully organize a clay modeling lesson: clay tips.

1. The day before class, release the clay from plastic packaging, wrap it in a wet rag and put it in a bag.

2. Before class, all the clay must be thoroughly kneaded, then divided into pieces and distributed to children.

3. Children bring the clay to full readiness - continue to knead it. If the clay is too wet, it will stick to your hands. Clay should be kneaded longer until it becomes plastic, and it will be easy to stick off your hands and roll into a sausage. If the clay cracks, it is too dry. Moisten it with a little water and continue kneading until fully cooked. If this is not done, then the craft will crack during drying. Only plastic clay, easily detached from hands and not cracking, is suitable for modeling.

4. Prepare a bowl of water for each child to wet their hands in.

5. Now you can sculpt the intended object on a wooden board (clay will stick too much and crack to a plastic board).

6. The joints of the parts of the clay craft must be moistened with water, otherwise the craft may fall apart during drying.

7. With wet fingers, you need to smooth out all the bumps on the craft.

8. If the children did not have time to finish sculpting the object in class, you need to carefully wrap the unfinished work in a damp cloth and put it in plastic bag.

9. The product molded from clay is dried naturally within 3-4 days.

11. Ready product can be painted with tempera, gouache or watercolor and varnished.

12. Wrap the clay remaining after sculpting in a cloth and put it in a plastic bag. If during storage a damp rag begins to mold, replace it with a new one, and rinse the clay.

13. After work, you need to wash your hands under the tap and put the workplace in order using a sponge.

For modeling clay and plasticine will need:

– natural material: shell halves walnuts, pistachio shells, chestnut fruits, acorns, twigs, ash seeds, maple lionfish, cones, shells, beans, peas;

– additional material: buttons, matches, cocktail tubes, small coins, capsules from kinder surprises.

For accurate work with plasticine and clay, you need: a stack, a wooden lining board, a rag for wiping hands, small cardboard stands for finished products.

If there is no clay, you can use homemade soft and plastic dough. You can cook it in two ways.

1 way. Mix 0.5 cups of salt, 0.5 cups of flour, 0.5 cups of water and 1 teaspoon of sunflower oil. The dough is ready to go.

2 way. Mix 1 cup flour, 1 cup water, 0.5 cup salt, 1 tablespoon vegetable oil and 2 tablespoons citric acid. Cook, stirring for 2-3 minutes.

Finished products should be dried on both sides, and then painted with gouache.

Estimated skills and abilities of the child by 6 years:

Knows how to sculpt objects according to the idea and from nature, conveying their characteristic features;

Knows how to sculpt in plastic, constructive and combined ways;

Able to smooth the surface of the craft;

Knows how to make crafts sustainable;

Able to work with a stack;

Able to convey in modeling the expressiveness of the image;

Able to sculpt human and animal figures in motion;

Knows how to combine molded objects into a plot composition;

Able to supplement the subject with fashioned small details;

Knows how to combine plasticine with natural and additional material in modeling;

Able to apply plasticine inside the contour on a given surface;

He uses the method of bas-relief and counter-relief in his works;

Knows how to sculpt birds and animals according to the type of folk toys;

Knows how to decorate fashioned toys with moldings and in-depth relief.

We wish you success!

Annual thematic planning of modeling classes

Lesson notes

Theme of the week "Berries"

Software content. Continue to teach children to roll small balls of plasticine between their palms and flatten them on top with a finger on cardboard. Develop fine motor skills of hands; thinking, attention.

Material. Subject pictures (berries). A branch of grapes (if possible). Halves of cardboard sheets, plasticine, stacks, modeling boards (for each child).

Show the children subject pictures with berries, inviting them to name each berry. You can play with the guys in the game "Which berry is missing?" Among the missing berries, hide the grapes last.

Then consider with the children a branch of grapes. Note how the oval berries are located on it, how beautiful the carved leaves are - they look like maple leaves, only smaller.

Offer to fashion a branch of grapes on cardboard. To do this, roll up green sausages and lay a branch out of them on cardboard; roll up a green ball, flatten it between the palms and cut out the contours of the leaf with a stack. Attach the leaf to the cardboard. Tear off small pieces from light green or purple plasticine, roll them between the palms into ovals and attach them to the branch in rows: the first row is the longest (5–6 berries), the second is shorter, etc.

The theme of the week "Fruits of the garden"

Software content. To teach children to sculpt complex-shaped vegetables of different sizes from nature, using finger sculpting to get dents, narrowing the shape characteristic of certain vegetables. Learn to select the desired color of plasticine, the size of the craft in the process of work. To consolidate the ability to sculpt a plate based on a plasticine ball. Develop fine motor skills.

Material. Models of complex-shaped vegetables: eggplant, peppers, beets, turnips, etc. Plasticine, stacks, modeling boards (for each child).

Read to the children a poem by N. Nishcheva:

Let's go to the garden
We'll harvest.
We're picking carrots
And we're digging up potatoes.
We cut a head of cabbage,
Round, juicy, very tasty,
Let's pick a little sorrel.
And we'll be back on track.

Ask the children: “What vegetables do we see in this poem? (Carrots, potatoes, cabbage, sorrel.) What other vegetables do you know? (Children's answers.)

Invite the children to look at models of eggplant, peppers, beets, turnips, onions, and other vegetables. Pay attention to their shape, color.

After that, each child chooses the vegetables that he will sculpt, independently selects the color of the plasticine and sculpts the vegetables of the desired size.

The child can mold 2-3 vegetables, and then put them in a molded plate.

To make a plate, roll out a large ball, flatten it into a disk, press in the middle, pull and trim the edges with your fingers.

Theme of the week "Fruits of the Garden"

Software content. To learn how to sculpt fruits of various sizes that are complex in shape from nature, using finger modeling to obtain dents, narrowing the shape characteristic of certain fruits. Learn to choose the right color. Strengthen the ability to sculpt a vase. Develop imaginative thinking, fine motor skills.

Material. Models of fruit, complex in shape: banana, pear, peach, apricot, etc. Plasticine, stacks, modeling boards (for each child).

Tell the children riddles:
round, ruddy,
I grow on a branch
adults love me
And little kids.
(Apple)

Balls hang on knots
Turned blue from the heat.
(Plums)

A hurricane hit the island
The last one left on the palm tree ...
(Banana)

Consider with children models of fruits that are complex in shape: banana, pear, peach, apricot, etc. Pay attention to their shape and color.

After that, each child chooses the fruit that he will sculpt, independently selects the colors and sculpts the fruit of the appropriate size.

Then the child puts the molded fruit in a vase. To make a vase, roll a large ball, then press a hole on one side with your thumb, make a recess with your fingers and compare the edges.

Separately, they sculpt a stand for a vase - roll up a ball and flatten it into a cake.

The theme of the week is "Protect the Forest"

Software content. Continue to learn how to combine natural material and plasticine in crafts; connect the parts by pressing them. Learn to achieve expressiveness of the image, to observe the proportions of parts and their differences in size. To consolidate the ability to understand and analyze the content of the poem.

Material. Plasticine, fir cones, small tree branches, stacks, cardboard stands, modeling boards (for each child).

Read to the children a poem by G. Sapgir:

Gray owl, old owl,
And the eyes are burning like headlights.
Owl - jump, owl - lope,
He gave a flag to Filinenka.
Filinenok is glad, glad -
Two lanterns are on.

(About the owl.) What do the eyes of an owl look like? (Children's answers.)

Invite the children to consider a spruce cone and think about how to turn it into an owl: place the cone with the sharp end down, mold large oval eyes, nose, tassle ears from plasticine and attach it to the top of the cone. Place paws in the form of balls at the bottom of the bumps.

You can fashion a stump from plasticine and fix an owl on it.

Theme of the week "Trees and bushes"

Software content. To teach children to lay out on cardboard the silhouette of a tree from plasticine sausages. To consolidate the ability to roll out thin sausages and sculpt small details: roll up balls of plasticine and decorate the product with them. Develop creativity.

Material. Cardboard, plasticine, modeling board (for each child).

Read to the children L. Shevchenko's poem "Autumn":

Quiet. Everything is frozen
In the light of September
Where are you, artist?
What is your name?
Who painted the leaves
It's not clear to me:
All trees of the forest
In golden fire

Have the kids make autumn trees: “Let's draw forest trees with colorful foliage. And we will make trees from thin plasticine flagella (rolled sausages). To do this, you need to roll out a lot of brown sausages and lay out a tree with branches on cardboard, and place leaves on the tips of the branches in the form of balls of red, yellow, orange, green plasticine.

The children start sculpting.

The theme of the week is "Birds in Autumn"

Software content. Continue to acquaint children with handicrafts, consolidate and deepen knowledge about Dymkovo toy. Submit to production clay toys Dymkovo type. To learn to see the expressiveness of the form of a toy, to sculpt a duck from nature in a constructive way (from separate parts), observing the forms, proportions and details. Learn to evenly and beautifully place the figurine on the stand. Continue to teach with a stack to outline feathers, wings and eyes; decorate the wings and head with moldings, balls, cakes.

Material. Dymkovo clay toys (whistles: ducks, cockerels, deer, horses; ladies in kokoshniks and hats). Clay, bowls of water, rags, stacks, modeling boards (for each child).

Tell the children about the Dymkovo toy: “This toy originated in ancient times in the village of Dymkovo near the city of Kirov. In winter, the houses of craftsmen were full of clay, bags of chalk, boxes of paints, boxes of eggs, pitchers of milk. That's pretty much everything you need to make clay toys. Masters were able to turn a piece of clay into a duck or a rooster.

Consider a whistle-duck with children. Explain how to attach a beautifully curved neck and a high head to the body, pinch the tail. Attach thick short legs-stands to the base body. Remind that the joints of all parts must be moistened with water and smoothed down.

Invite the children to become Dymkovo masters and fashion such a duck.

When the toys dry, they should be covered with water-based paint or white gouache mixed with a drop of PVA glue, and in a drawing lesson, paint the ducks with Dymkovo patterns.

Theme of the week "Colorful autumn"

Software content. To consolidate the ability of children to use familiar ways of conveying an image: carefully apply plasticine with a thin layer inside the contour and decorate it with a sticking method. Expand and clarify knowledge about mushrooms. Give an idea of ​​what mushrooms are edible and poisonous. Develop creativity in the design of your craft.

Material. Cards with the image of mushrooms: white mushroom, boletus, honey mushrooms, russula, red fly agaric, pale grebe. Cardboard with a painted silhouette of a fly agaric, plasticine, board-stands (for each child).

Show the children pictures of mushrooms, describe each mushroom with the children. Draw their attention to the fact that there are mushrooms that in no case should be plucked and eaten - fly agaric and pale grebe. Carefully examine the fly agaric with the children, tell them: “This is a large mushroom with a red hat decorated with white spots. The red color indicates danger, the mushroom warns everyone that it is poisonous. Amanitas have a white leg with a wavy ring under the cap.

Have the children model this dangerous mushroom to help them remember it.

Explain the sequence of work: red plasticine is applied to the cardboard inside the contour and the hat is decorated with white dots. The leg is made of white plasticine. Below you can place green grass.

The children start sculpting.

The theme of the week is "Our little brothers"

Software content. Continue to teach children to combine natural material and plasticine in crafts. To consolidate the ability to convey in modeling the proportional ratio of parts and their location. Learn to achieve expressiveness of the image. Continue to learn to connect the parts by pressing them. Develop imagination when supplementing the product with the necessary elements (mushrooms, leaves, grass, etc.). To consolidate the ability to understand and analyze the content of the poem.

Material. Pine cones, plasticine, a variety of natural materials (pine or spruce needles, small twigs, small dry leaves of trees), cardboard stands, modeling boards (for each child).

Read to the children a poem by S. Marshak:

A hedgehog lives under our chair,
Spiny hedgehog.
It looks a lot like a brush
When you can't see the legs.

Do you understand why
Does the hedgehog have needles?
To not touch him
Boys or wolves.

Ask the children: “Who is this poem about? (About the hedgehog.) What does a hedgehog look like? (Children's answers.) Why do I eat needles? (So ​​that no one offends him.)

Offer to look at a pine cone and think about how you can turn it into a hedgehog. Discuss with the children the sequence of work: first sculpt a muzzle and attach it from the blunt edge of the cone, then make legs, eyes, nose out of plasticine, cut the mouth with a stack. Small apples, mushrooms, needles can be attached to the back-cone. Place the hedgehog on a cardboard with applied green plasticine, decorated with grass in the form of coniferous needles, fallen leaves, tree branches.

Attention! This is an introductory section of the book.

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