Business in Russia. Guidelines for starting a business in the regions.
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Growing greenery is a business that you can do on your own site by building a greenhouse on it. It does not promise super profits, but it is perfect as a part-time job.

1. PROJECT SUMMARY

The purpose of the project is the organization of a greenhouse for growing greenery for its implementation in the Rostov region. The main target audience is concentrated in Rostov-on-Don. The target audience is small wholesale buyers who sell their products among the city's population aged 20 to 50 years with different income levels.

The growing demand for fresh vegetables and herbs, the fashion for healthy eating and state support for agriculture have led to the active development of the greenhouse business. In the Russian greenhouse industry, it is profitable to grow fresh herbs for sale - they are more unpretentious than vegetables and do not require constant care. According to market research, the need for salad greens increases by 10% every year.

Thus, the idea of ​​organizing a greenhouse for growing greenery is relevant. This business has the following benefits:

Preferential conditions for doing business related to agriculture;

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For the implementation of the project, a private land plot with a total area of ​​50 sq.m. is used. The personal household plot is located in the Rostov region, 25 km from the enterprise is the city of Rostov-on-Don.

The initial investment is 182,000 rubles. Investment costs are directed to the construction and equipment of greenhouses, advertising promotion, the formation of a working capital fund until the project reaches payback. The bulk of the required investment, 68%, falls on the construction and equipment of greenhouses. Own funds will be used to implement the project.

The financial calculations cover the two-year period of the project's operation. It is anticipated that after this time, business expansion will be required. In accordance with the calculations, the initial investment will pay off in the ninth month of operation. Based on the results of the first year of operation, a net profit of 513,800 rubles and a return on sales of 47.8% are forecasted.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY AND COMPANY

The greenhouse business in Russia is a promising area, which is explained by the growing demand for fresh vegetables and herbs, the fashion for healthy eating, and the state priority for the development of agriculture in the country. Today, the state is increasingly focusing on the development of the industry, helping beginners and existing farmers, allocating land at preferential rates, subsidizing interest rates on loans and providing grants for the development of greenhouses. However, the main problem hindering the development of the industry is high utility tariffs.

At present, the greenhouse business continues to develop rapidly, increasing the production of vegetables and herbs in domestic greenhouses through the construction of new greenhouses and the modernization of old production facilities. As a result, the gross harvest of greenhouse vegetables and herbs has increased by 17.7% over the past two years. Despite this, the need of Russians for protected ground products produced in the country is satisfied only by 26%. About 600,000 tons of vegetables are harvested from greenhouses in Russia, with a need of 3 million tons. And this demand is increasing by 10-15% annually.

In the Russian greenhouse business, it is profitable to grow fresh herbs for sale. These products do not require as much light and heat as vegetables, they are more unpretentious and do not require constant care. Practice shows that growing greens is 5 times more profitable than vegetables.

In addition, according to marketing research, the need for people to include greens of various varieties in their diet increases by 10% every year, which creates a significant demand for these products among consumers.

Thus, the cultivation of greenhouse greens is a promising line of business. The peculiarity of greenhouse cultivation of greenery lies in the possibility of year-round production, under any climatic conditions. Table 1 summarizes the key advantages and disadvantages of growing greenhouse greens to consider when planning a business. With the right development, a business can bring a stable and high income.

Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of greenhouse cultivation of greenery

When organizing a greenhouse business, it should be borne in mind that this is profitable only if production is located in the southern or central regions of the country. It is more profitable to pay for the transportation of products to the northern territories than to engage in the greenhouse business there, paying significant heating costs.

Thus, we can talk about the attractiveness of this business. Growing a greenhouse business can become a profitable and highly profitable business. A detailed business plan for growing greens in a greenhouse will help you avoid problems when starting your own business.

3. DESCRIPTION OF GREEN GREEN PRODUCTS

Leafy vegetables include lettuce, parsley, dill, onion, cilantro, basil, garlic, and a number of other crops. Lettuce, onion and dill are in the greatest demand. The most profitable type of greens for growing is onions, as it is an unpretentious and fast-growing crop. However, during its implementation, it may be difficult to find buyers, since many grow onions. The most cost-effective greens - lettuce. Recently, the cultivation of arugula is gaining popularity.

It is recommended to start with growing several crops and gradually expand the range. When selecting crops for cultivation, the following parameters should be taken into account: the growing season, the required area for sowing, greenhouse growing conditions, endurance, demand, price. Table 2 presents a comparative description of various types of greens, which will help to correctly form an assortment.

Table 2. Characteristics of the types of greens for cultivation

This project involves the cultivation of the following types of greens: parsley, dill, lettuce, onion. All products comply with the requirements of GOSTs (GOST R 55904-2013, GOST 32856-2014, GOST 33985-2016 and GOST R 55652-2013, respectively). As packaging for fresh products, transparent plastic containers are used, as well as cone bags, which improve the presentation of products and simplify transportation. Packing for 100-150 gr. It is also planned to produce products in the form of assorted sets, which include at least two types of greens.

Products are sold at room temperature, chilled and are intended for sale in retail and wholesale trade networks, in public catering establishments and for industrial processing.

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Small-scale wholesale prices for greens vary between 50-150 rubles. per kilogram. It should be borne in mind that the price of greens fluctuates depending on the season. On average, the price is 80 rubles. per kilogram at retail prices of 200 rubles. per kilogram.

4. SALES AND MARKETING OF THE GREEN GROWING BUSINESS

The peculiarity of the greenhouse growing business is that the target audience is not the end consumer, but wholesale buyers, product distributors, represented mainly by various vegetable and food stores. At the same time, the advertising strategy must take into account the requirements of the end user in order to plan production and forecast sales. Portrait of the final consumer of products: city population aged 20 to 50 years with different income levels; gender and occupation as such do not play a role.

Thus, the marketing policy of the project covers both the assessment of end users and methods of promotion among flower distributors. Advertising is aimed at establishing long-term cooperation and developing a client base.

The most difficult task in the greenhouse business is finding a sales market. Greens are a perishable commodity, so a well-functioning system of distribution channels and a competent marketing strategy are needed. In order to form sales channels, a novice entrepreneur should:

Analyze the competitive environment, assess the level of demand for products, develop their competitive advantages;

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Conduct a price analysis of the market and offer more favorable conditions as a supplier: lower cost, flexible system of discounts for wholesale buyers, guarantees, etc.;

Issue a catalog of finished products on paper and on the Internet. Form a list of potential buyers and send out commercial offers.

Sales channels for fresh herbs can be:

retail grocery stores with a wide range of products;

network grocery networks;

vegetable bases;

farm shops that specialize in the sale of organic products made in Russia;

establishments of the HoReCa segment - restaurants and cafes.

Promising sales markets include online stores, which have recently been gaining popularity and offer customers fresh, farm products. To develop this sales market, you can team up with vegetable cooperatives presented on Internet sites. In the future, with proper advertising of their products, it is possible to open their own outlet.

Each distribution channel has its own advantages and disadvantages, which relate to the final cost of greenery, the volume of batches sold, the terms of cooperation, etc. In order to establish distribution channels and avoid losses from overproduction, it is necessary to create a stable sales network several months before harvest. It should be noted that the search for new customers and the development of sales markets is an ongoing process, so a sales specialist is needed to carry out this function. His responsibilities will include attracting clients and working with them, as well as advertising support for the project and analyzing the effectiveness of using the advertising budget.

Promotion is carried out in various ways. The advertising budget is 30,000 rubles and consists of the following types of costs:

Creation of a product catalog (commercial offer) and printing of advertising material (including business cards) - 10,000;

Direct marketing is a way to increase sales by sending sales letters to potential customers. Effective direct marketing is ensured by narrowing the target audience and a well-composed mailing that may interest the client. The same group of expenses includes the costs of promotion on the Internet, the implementation of call-promotion and transportation costs - 20,000 rubles.

Participation in various thematic fairs and business events is also expected.

The competitiveness of the project is ensured by the high quality of products. In all promotional activities, attention is focused on the merits of purchasing goods from a domestic manufacturer (savings in transportation costs, lower prices, reduced risk of supply disruption, guarantees, a flexible system of discounts, high product quality, which is achieved by reducing delivery times).

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When planning the sales volume, production capacity should be taken into account, since the maximum production volume depends on the area of ​​greenhouses, growing conditions, green varieties, etc.

The maximum production volume is calculated based on the area of ​​greenhouses - 50 square meters. m., the average ripening period is 30 days and the average yield of lettuce crops is up to 4 kg per 1 sq. m. In total, the annual yield of the greenhouse will be about 2400 kg per year, and 200 kg per month. This indicator should be guided by when planning the volume of sales.

How much can you earn growing greens? With an established system of marketing products and an average retail price of 200 rubles. sales volume will be 40,000 rubles per month. In winter, when the price of greens increases significantly, monthly income can double.

5. PRODUCTION PLAN OF THE FARM FOR GREEN GROWING

How to open a greenery growing business from scratch? The project organization algorithm involves the following steps:

Register a business as an LLC or sole proprietorship;

Decide on the place and technology of growing greenery;

Purchase specialized equipment;

Hire skilled workers;

Plant the seed.

Let's dwell on each point in more detail.

Organizing a greenery business includes the following steps:

1) Registration in state bodies. This project focuses on the cultivation of greenery and positions itself as a personal household plot. Its activities are not taxed and do not require registration. This option is suitable for a small production that plans to cooperate with small distributors.

The company is located on a private plot of 50 sq. meters, located in the Rostov region. The city of Rostov-on-Don is located 25 km from the enterprise. Because the area of ​​the site does not exceed 2 hectares, for organizing a business it is enough to get only a certificate from the local administration that this site belongs to you and is used for growing greenery. With small volumes of production, it is not necessary to register as an entrepreneur: in this case, you sell the products yourself or sell them to resellers at wholesale prices. If in the future it is planned to sell products through grocery stores or vegetable bases, business registration will be required.

2) Production technology. The production technology provides for the creation of two greenhouses (total area - 50 square meters), the use of irrigation equipment. The process of planting seedlings, some care operations, as well as harvesting is carried out manually. The production cycle should be planned based on the fact that the first harvest is expected 30-40 days after transplanting.

There are different technologies for growing greens in a greenhouse:

Hydroponics (growing plants without soil in liquid media using fertilizers). The cost of 1 hydroponics installation is about 1500 rubles. for one installation;

- “intermediate” (peat, hydroponics and ordinary soil are used). This method is 3 times more expensive than conventional hydroponics.

There are also various types of soils that can be used in conjunction with hydroponics. Each soil has its own characteristics (Table 3).

Table 3. Types of soil for greenhouse cultivation of greenery

The choice of soil depends on many factors, including the characteristics of growing crops from which the assortment is formed. Features of growing selected types of greenery are shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Features of growing various types of greenery

3) Purchase of equipment. Another important question when implementing a business project is how to choose a greenhouse for growing greens? The construction of a greenhouse is a very important stage in the organization of this business. The quality of the manufactured products, and hence the success of the business, depends by 60-70% on how well and technologically competently the greenhouse will be designed.

For growing greenery at home all year round, capital structures on a solid foundation are suitable. The most efficient greenhouse system for growing greenery is a thermos greenhouse. This design, due to the double coating and the solar collector, allows you to do without heating. Greenhouses with a wooden frame, coating (roof - polycarbonate, walls - thick film) with a total area of ​​50 sq.m. will cost, on average, 60-70 thousand rubles.

The volume of investments required to create greenhouses is 122,000 rubles. Of these, 80,000 rubles. - funds for the construction of greenhouses, and 42,000 rubles. - purchase of greenhouse equipment, the list of which is given in table 5.

Industrial greenhouses most often use hydroponic technology. They can significantly save space and reduce the cost of finished products. Plants are grown in liquid nutrient solutions, without the use of soil. The cost of a hydroponics kit for a greenhouse is about 70,000 rubles. For soil cultivation, greenhouses must be equipped with a drip irrigation system. The cost of an automatic drip irrigation system for greenhouses with an area of ​​150 sq.m. - 12,000 rubles.

Lighting for greenhouses is provided by LED lamps, which have spectral characteristics that are completely identical to sunlight. Thanks to this, the normal process of photosynthesis in plants is ensured. In addition, LED lamps save up to 60% of electricity and do not heat up.

Table 5. List of farm equipment

The cost also includes the purchase of seeds, but they can be grown on their own, due to which it will be possible to save. It is also necessary to provide for the cost of biofertilizers - this item of expenditure will amount to 7,000 rubles.

4) Search for distribution channels for products. A greengrowing business will only generate consistent profits throughout the year if marketing channels are established. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the stage of finding customers and establishing commercial cooperation. Whole sale of greenery is the best option for organizing sales. The basis of successful sales is a competent pricing policy and a flexible system of working with clients.

5) Selection of personnel. At the first stages of work, the entrepreneur can perform all the actions on his own. In the future, he will need the help of a sales representative who will look for new distribution channels, as well as an assistant working in the greenhouse.

6. ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN

In the first year of work, it is planned that the entrepreneur will independently organize the production process. It is allowed to involve third-party assistants at certain stages (for example, during a period of high sales).

7. FINANCIAL PLAN

The financial plan takes into account all income and expenses of the greenhouse industry, the planning horizon is 2 years. It is planned that after this period, expansion of the business will be required.

To launch the project, it is necessary to calculate the amount of initial investment, which includes: the cost of purchasing equipment, advertising promotion on the market, the formation of working capital, which will cover the losses of the initial periods.

The initial investment for a greenhouse for growing greens is 182,000 rubles. Of these, 68% falls on the construction and equipment of greenhouses, advertising - 16%, and working capital - 16%. The project is financed by equity. The main items of investment costs are shown in Table 6.

Table 6. Investment costs

Variable costs consist of the capacity spent on irrigation, heating, as well as consumables (seedlings, fertilizers, etc.). In this case, utility costs are classified as variable. It is also necessary to calculate the cost of production. Practice shows that the cost of growing greens is 10-60 rubles (depending on the crop). To simplify financial calculations, the amount of variable costs is calculated as the average cost of growing greens - 25 rubles.

Fixed costs consist of advertising costs, depreciation and biofertilizer costs. Lack of staff allows you to eliminate staff costs. The amount of depreciation is determined by the straight-line method, based on the useful life of fixed assets in 3 years.

Table 7. Monthly expenses

Thus, fixed monthly expenses were determined in the amount of 17,000 rubles.

8. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

The payback period of the project with an initial investment of 202,000 rubles is 10 months. The net monthly profit of the project upon reaching the planned sales volumes will be 18,000 rubles. It is planned to reach the planned sales volume in the fifth month of operation. Return on sales in the first year of operation - 47.8%. High profitability is achieved due to the high margin on products. The annual volume of net profit for the first year of implementation will be 245,575 rubles.

9. POSSIBLE RISKS

To assess the risk component of the project for greenhouse cultivation of roses, it is necessary to analyze external and internal factors. External factors include threats related to the economic situation in the country, markets. To internal - the effectiveness of the management of the organization.

Here we will consider greenhouse farming as a business at home.

Not in the distant past, most of the population of our country lived in the countryside and its main activity was somehow connected with agriculture. In the period of the 90s, the collective farms in the country were almost completely destroyed, as a result of which some people began to degrade, and who moved more quickly to the city to earn money, or opened their own business. Now the situation is gradually becoming positive, although not obvious, but gradually the entire rural business is beginning to gain strength, including the greenhouse business, the plan of which is presented below.

Greenhouse business risks

They mainly refer specifically to the process of growing at home and industrial. In general, many farmers involved in the greenhouse business do not use greenhouses all year round, but from February to November, because. the rest of the time, more significant heating costs are required. Even with prolonged frosts, you can generally lose the entire crop.

As for pests. You should also not forget about them, because. various mites and microorganisms can also destroy everything.

You also need to remember that many plants like completely different levels of humidity and temperature, even tomatoes and cucumbers.

What can be grown for trade?

In general, the most profitable is the cultivation of greens, especially dill, because. he is the most unpretentious of all, but you can still parsley, basil, green onions, radishes, cucumbers, tomatoes, salads. These are the main cultures.

You can also grow flowers, of course.

Video for an example of a simple tomato crop at home:

We note right away that these are just approximate data, because. expenses and incomes can be different, especially expenses, because in some places you can rent land literally for a penny, etc.

Business plan

So, consider a free ready-made example of a greenhouse business plan.

Summary

It is planned to create a farm, which will consist of six greenhouses. It is assumed that the greenhouse farm will be engaged in the cultivation of greens and vegetables for their subsequent sale to wholesale and retail customers.

Market analysis

Here you will need to independently analyze the demand for these products in your locality. You will also need to indicate the possible wholesale buyers of your greenhouse business products, as well as the maximum sales volumes. Potential buyers can be agricultural bases, shops, food markets, medical institutions.

Sales planning should be carried out taking into account the frequency of harvesting.

organizational plan

As a legal form, it would be best to choose an individual entrepreneur, because. thanks to this, you will be able to take advantage of tax incentives. In addition, in this case, the process of conducting mutual settlements with buyers will be simpler.

Production part

Under the greenhouse business, it will be possible either to buy a land plot for agricultural purposes, or to rent it. As for the prices, we can’t tell you anything here, because. they vary greatly depending on the region and locality - somewhere 1 weave costs 10 thousand rubles, somewhere 1 hectare costs the same (or even cheaper), and somewhere it costs 90 thousand rubles. Somewhere you can even get it almost for free.

Expenses

It is almost impossible to calculate them, because in each example, they will be individual, because the methods of heating, like the greenhouses themselves, are different, and this greatly affects the price. Here are some points and equipment that you will need for your greenhouse business:

1. IP registration - if not independently, then 3000-4000 rubles; if on your own, then only 800 rubles for paying the state duty.
2. Acquisition of a prefabricated greenhouse. An industrial one made of polycarbonate with a width of 6 m, a height of 3.3 m, a length of 4 m costs at least 110 thousand rubles. With the same dimensions, but 6 meters long, it costs 140 thousand rubles, i.e. each additional 2 meters in length costs 30 thousand. Polyethylene would be a cheaper option, but, of course, it is not so durable, and it keeps heat much worse.
3. Heating equipment. The most productive option is, as a rule, air heating. Its meaning lies in the fact that an air duct with holes is installed along the perimeter of the greenhouse, through which heated air will be supplied by supplying air from heat generators. Some produce additional heating of the soil.
4. Irrigation systems. If you take drip irrigation, then it is very cheap - a system with a hose of 20 meters costs about 1000 rubles.
5. Seeds.
6. Fertilizers.
7. Lighting systems.
8. chemicals. Not required for pest control. All vegetables and herbs deteriorate very quickly and lose their presentation. It is for this that they are coated with special substances, thanks to which they can significantly extend their life. This is not only your interest, but also that of the store that buys your products, because if it deteriorates quickly, it will incur financial losses.
9. Salaries of employees, if any.
10. Warehouse and inventory.

Fresh fruits, vegetables, herbs are bought all year round. They are grown both in the summer cottage and in specially built greenhouses. This business brings good income. But understand all the intricacies of the case, so as not to fail.

Analyze what products can be produced. In areas where cucumbers grow without greenhouses, their final price is low for most of the year, which does not cover the cost. A cold region with unsuitable soils makes it impossible to grow a range of crops - find a happy medium that matches the market demand.

Don't focus on one type of business - it's easier, more cost-effective, more flexible to produce a range of interchangeable products that rotate seasonally, maximize efficient land use, and provide profitable land use so that the soil doesn't sit idle and deplete the nutrients needed for plant growth.

When researching the market, pay attention to the end audience. When it is possible to create a farm with a huge yield of finished products, focus on mass consumer markets, large wholesale buyers. But if there are not enough free funds at your disposal to start, pay attention to rare products and their varieties that are sold through HoReCa networks. They are interested in deliveries and at high prices.

The type of greenhouses is distinguished by materials, purposes, location, frame, assembly method.

According to the intended purpose, they are divided into the cultivation of certain crops - separate requirements are put forward for them.

According to the materials, greenhouses are also divided widely. The frame, the coating are taken into account, which opens up space for combinations. To create small buildings, wood, polycarbonates or aluminum are used. Large permanent structures using glass or plastic hard coating require the use of steel or reinforced concrete supports and piles.

According to the location, the greenhouse can be isolated, wall-mounted or basement (underground). The latter are used either in small households, where there is a strict restriction on the available area, or as part of a large agricultural complex.

When creating an enterprise plan, you will need to find sales outlets for the finished product, calculate sales volumes, and then start construction, purchase the necessary equipment, and hire workers.

Greenhouses by industry:

1. Vegetable.

The greenhouse business pays off faster on dill, lettuce, and onions. Cold winters in mid-latitudes require large investments in heating and lighting. It is more profitable to build a greenhouse in the southern regions in order to make deliveries to other regions. And transportation costs are lower than heating tariffs.

Equipment

Due to the constant improvement of cultivation technology and the rapid development of this sector of the economy, competition is high. This reduces the profitability of production. Equipment requires regular upgrades and investments. In order to keep up with trends, it is necessary to introduce new products and expand production.

For a small greenhouse in a summer cottage, practically nothing is required, except for a frame and seeds, but when you want to engage in a full-fledged business, pay attention to other subtleties.

If you plan to engage in year-round cultivation, take care to purchase lighting and heating equipment. Don't forget about automated watering, which saves a significant amount of man-hours.

A common method is hydroponics. With its help, greens, cucumbers and tomatoes, other types of vegetables are grown. And the vegetative cycle is 2-3 weeks, 2-3 tons of crops are harvested daily from each hectare. This is 5-10 times faster than in natural conditions. 7 people are enough to serve one hectare.

Complex automation systems reduce the number of personnel. They regulate watering, lighting, heating and air quality, and with the help of sensors control all parameters, up to measuring soil indicators with automatic adjustment of all other processes.

Sample Business Plan Diagram

1. Studying the situation in this area. Analysis of competitors, product prices, consumer demand and the quality of products available on the market.
2. Deciding on seasonal business activity. It will require farm greenhouses - cheaper and easier. For year-round cultivation, industrial plants with communications for heating and lighting are needed.
3. Search for points of sale, wholesale buyers.
4. Calculation of all expenses, future profits.
5. Thinking through and selecting funding sources.
6. Drawing up a marketing plan for promoting products.
7. Preparation of documentation and direct project of the future economy. The choice of the organizational form of the enterprise.

Let's consider each item in more detail. It is necessary to start with the preparation of project documents, where all communications are calculated in detail, which are necessary for a specific area of ​​the greenhouse. You need to know exactly how much the equipment, installation, construction will cost.

Plan development

Select the land allotment, product type. For growing more than one species - calculate how much space each will take.

Calculate the approximate yield per square meter. Specify points of sale and volumes of purchases.

Sales of finished products

Suitable settlements that are in close proximity. This will reduce transport costs and cost.

Try to conclude agreements with large companies: supermarkets, catering establishments or factories.

Calculate the profit for the year of work, as well as the one that pays for production. It is important that the parameters differ and are above the unprofitable line.

Calculation of the terms of preparation, implementation of the greenhouse business project

• The construction of the complex, as well as communications, is carried out in time T1. It depends on the type of construction, dimensions and number of people employed;
• equipment, its installation for a period of time T2;
• purchase of materials, landing in the ground - T3;
• ripening period, which depends on the technologies used - T4;
• implementation - Т5.

When calculating, consider the keeping quality of the goods. Greens, flowers and vegetables are perishable. Look for sales markets before opening, so that after harvesting you do not rush about in search of customers. Without wholesale buyers, the business will burn out.

Production nuances

Lots of little things count.

1. Remoteness of the greenhouse from the communication network. They are holding their own account. Each extra meter affects the cost of production and investments.
2. Availability of the economy for transport.
3. You can't buy land, rent it. Purchase collapsible structures to dismantle when it is not possible to extend the lease of the site.
4. Heating is the main item of expenditure. Manufacturers regularly introduce new technologies that reduce costs and improve productivity.
5. For competitiveness, include in the estimate the cost of modernizing production.

Approximate calculations for a half-hectare greenhouse

List the costs to build the structure. This is the initial capital. This column includes construction works, summing up communications - water, electricity, heating, the price of equipment and seeds. Take into account current expenses before receiving the first profit.

1. Half a hectare of a greenhouse costs about $15,000.
2. Workers are required - a technologist, a manager and three assistants. The annual salary for them is 20–30,000 dollars.
3. 90% of all costs will be electricity, heating and the purchase of additional funds - fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides, as well as soil in a number of situations.
4. With an average profitability of 15%, the payback of the economy will be up to 3 years. It depends on the products grown, prices and demand for them.

The greenhouse business is available to anyone with the appropriate skills and desire. The owner of his own personal plot has special advantages. Before taking action, you need to understand the following nuances:

• what kind of crop is profitable to grow,
• choose a place for the location of greenhouses,
• determine materials for construction,
• decide in what soil and under what conditions the planting will be carried out,
• define the market
• choose the legal form for registration,
• create a business plan.

So, let's go over the main points in details.

Growing greens in a greenhouse

What will you have to spend on?

Financial investment is what starts a greenhouse business. Even if you have your own area for growing, you will have to buy all the necessary materials for the farm. Usually you have to invest in:

• purchase or lease of land,
• purchase of materials for the construction of a greenhouse, inventory and culture,
• business registration.

What to grow?

In a temperate and southern climate, it is beneficial to grow the following types of plants:

• berries,
• greenery,
• vegetables,
• flowers.

You can choose a specific culture based on the following factors:

1. Climate. In colder regions, a lot of money is spent on heating. In this case, it is recommended to choose less heat-loving crops.
2. Competition. The success of sales will be influenced by the availability of the same product from entrepreneurs in the neighborhood. It is necessary to analyze the situation and stop at the culture with the smallest proposals.
3. Demand. There must be a high demand for the selected products. It should be borne in mind that in summer and early autumn the profitability of greenhouses decreases due to the abundance of ground plants.
4. Capital. To start a business without initial investment, it is better to give preference to growing greens. After the accumulation of funds, you can switch to other crops. The highest profitability is the cultivation of flowers.

You can select several crops at once to avoid a period of idle soil. But for this it is necessary to carefully study the permissible predecessors and take into account the neighborhood to increase productivity.

Where to place greenhouses?

Greenhouse farming as a business begins with finding a place for a greenhouse. It must be located near settlements. Otherwise, fuel costs will increase the cost of the crop. The site should have good access at any time of the year.

Growing plants in a greenhouse is impossible without electricity and running water, so the chosen place must be connected to communications. The use of tap water is allowed, but the cultivation of any crops requires frequent and plentiful watering. Therefore, to reduce costs, it is better to use liquid from an open reservoir. It must be periodically taken to the laboratory for analysis in order to control the chemical composition.

Areas with a significant slope or subject to flooding are excluded. There should not be large trees and buildings near the greenhouses, as they will shade it. But being at a short distance on the north side of the forest belt or solid fences will protect from the wind, which will significantly save electricity.

The soil on the site must be fertile, since planting plants in bad soil does not make sense. The purchase of soil separately requires certain costs, which reduces the profitability of the greenhouse business.

What material to choose for the greenhouse?

The choice of material for the manufacture of a greenhouse is an important point, since the size of the crop depends on it. The following characteristics are taken into account here:

• light transmission,
• life time,
• ease of operation.

Today, the following covering materials are used in the construction of greenhouse structures:

1. Polyethylene film. It is more profitable to start a greenhouse business at home with it, as it has a low cost. Polyethylene film can last for several seasons, but then the coating must be re-coated. If installed incorrectly, it can be torn by wind, and constant condensation requires proper ventilation. In addition to the standard polyethylene film, reinforced, pimply, PVC and other varieties are now offered. Each of them is superior to the usual version in terms of performance and cost.
2. Glass. This material, before the advent of competitors, was very popular due to its durability and transparency. Due to the high price, installation complexity and fragility, other materials are now more often chosen.
3. Cellular polycarbonate. It has all the properties of an ideal covering material. The only negative is the cost, which makes it inaccessible to a novice businessman.

How to create optimal growing conditions?

All conditions for year-round cultivation of crops should be created in greenhouses. For a high yield, each parameter must be properly organized.

1. Ventilation. In small greenhouses, a door and a window on the opposite wall can cope with this task. In buildings of medium and large size, hatches are used. The mechanism for opening the ventilation holes can be either manual or automatic. In greenhouses with a large area, the operation of fans is allowed.
2. Shading. In the southern regions, greenhouse farming as a business requires the creation of conditions to eliminate overheating. They are achieved by closing the greenhouse inside or outside, as well as coating the covering material with an opaque composition.
3. Heating. To heat winter greenhouses, it is necessary to think over the heating system. Gas is convenient and effective for this purpose, but it costs a lot of money and dries out the air. Stove heating does not require communications, but it heats the room unevenly. During its use, care must be taken that carbon monoxide does not leak into the greenhouse. Electrical appliances are characterized by low fire safety. A thermal cable is more preferable, as it evenly warms the soil. This favorably affects the growth rate of plants and the size of the yield. Infrared ceiling heaters emit energy similar to that of sunlight. All cultures tolerate their effects well.
4. Lighting. Winter greenhouses for business should be provided with additional lighting. In the cold season, plants need only a few hours a day. The most energy-saving options are fluorescent, LED and phyto lamps. All of them have a good effect on crops, but only white luminescent products have a relatively low cost.
5. Watering. In small greenhouses, watering is carried out manually using a bucket or watering can. Watering plants on your own in larger buildings is inconvenient. Drip irrigation is the most common. It can be adapted to any source of moisture.
6. Tools. To care for crops, you need to purchase equipment (shovels, wheelbarrows, buckets, boxes, etc.). Many devices are required for seedlings. It is more economical to use improvised materials, such as plastic bottles or milk bags. For tall plants, it is necessary to consider support tools and garter materials.

How to prepare the soil?

After the completion of construction work and the installation of all equipment, the greenhouse business requires soil preparation. Plants can be grown in the following ways:

• on standard ridges,
• on the raised ridges,
• in hanging pots.

It is more convenient to use ridges raised by 50-70 cm. The interlayer can be pipes with heat carriers, biological fuel or electric cables.
Soil preparation must be carried out in accordance with the agricultural technology of the selected crop. It is impossible to act at random, therefore, the technology of growing a plant must be thoroughly studied. Otherwise, all the work will be in vain.

How to register a business?

At first, it is not necessary to register a greenhouse business from scratch on your site. To own a personal subsidiary farm, it is enough to take a certificate from the local administration stating that the property has a plot and crops are grown on it. When the business starts to develop, you will have to deal with the design. Consumers like to cooperate within the law, in order to get around competitors, they will have to follow the rules. There are two forms of registration of a greenhouse business, depending on its size:

1. Medium greenhouse is the presence of a large number of greenhouses that are served by one family. It is registered with the territorial tax service as a peasant farm. All family members will have ownership rights. You do not have to register an individual entrepreneur, but the presence of PSRN and TIN is mandatory. To obtain a KFH certificate, it is necessary to collect a number of documents. When this issue is settled, registration with other regulatory authorities takes place. Then a current account is opened and, if necessary, a seal is made.
2. Large greenhouse farm- the main difference from the average is that it contains hired workers. Such a business can be registered in the form of LLC or IP. The first option is more expensive and has uncomfortable conditions. Registration of IP occurs in a standard way by collecting the necessary papers.

We draw up a business plan for a greenhouse

When writing a business plan, you need to take into account all aspects. The resulting document should include the following sections:

• review,
• company information,
• service description,
• market analysis,
• production plan,
• implementation plan,
• calculation of costs and revenues.

As a rule, the profitability of a greenhouse as a business is 15-40%. The final figure depends on competition and demand for the selected crop. Usually full payback occurs in two years.

Where to sell the harvested crop?

The winter greenhouse as a business has been set up and the first harvest has been received, now it is necessary to organize sales. You can engage in self-sale at a rented trading place or start cooperation directly with small traders and supermarkets.

Many consumers are wary of purchasing foreign berries and vegetables. Therefore, entrepreneurs prefer natural local products. This is the advantage of the greenhouse business.
Each region has its own characteristics that must be taken into account during planning. The location of the greenhouse is chosen very carefully. Poor choice of area and improper construction of buildings can make a business unprofitable. Compliance with agricultural technology will allow you to get the highest possible yield. You will have to make a lot of physical effort, but in the future all efforts will be rewarded.

Greenhouse farming is a stable business.

With the right approach, the greenhouse business can provide a stable income. However, in order to properly organize it, you need to be aware of all the nuances - otherwise you will burn out. In the article, we will consider how to open a greenhouse business from scratch with minimal investment and analyze an example of a business plan with calculations.

Introduction to the greenhouse business. What is the best to grow?

First of all, you need to decide which greenhouse you want to organize, since they differ in the type of assembly. This partly depends on what vegetables you will be growing. After you do this, it's time to start to solve organizational issues.

In short, you need to contact buyers or find other points of sale for products. Only after that you can start building a greenhouse, organizing a workplace and purchasing the necessary equipment.

Please note: if you are good at working with your hands and do not plan to immediately start with large volumes, then you can build the first greenhouse yourself. In this case, you will save a lot of money.

There are 3 main branches of the greenhouse business: vegetable, flower and herb cultivation. It is worth noting that the latter is the most profitable at the moment. The greatest profits are received by those businessmen whose greenhouses are located in the southern regions of the country. Why? Firstly, because the cost of transporting products is significantly reduced. And, secondly, in the southern regions you will not have to deal with cold weather, which can bring big losses.

The figure below shows the main legal forms for running a greenhouse business: private household plots, individual entrepreneurs and peasant farms.

How to open a greenhouse business: preparation

The greenhouse industry is developing and improving very quickly. In addition, there is a lot of competition in this area, which leads to the fact that the rate of profit decreases. Despite this, technology is still changing rapidly, and the cost of equipment is also rising.

Thus, to keep your business afloat, you need to keep abreast of all events, expand in time and use the latest technologies. A business plan will help you cope with all these tasks. It consists of the following steps:

1. assessment of the situation in the sphere;
2. division into seasonal or permanent business (for a seasonal one, ordinary greenhouses are enough, while for a permanent one, only special industrial greenhouses with year-round heating are suitable);
3. building relationships with wholesalers and evaluating sales opportunities;
4. creation of a business plan and calculation of profits and expenses;
5. comprehensive development of a business plan;
6. financing.

The first step in creating a business plan is to sketch out an investment plan.

The first cost will be associated with obtaining project documentation for the greenhouse and external networks. It should include the specification for all equipment. Please note: you must know the exact price of each piece of equipment.

Hydroponics is the most popular type of cultivation. Usually this technology is used for different types of vegetables. If you organize everything correctly, then the cycle will be a couple of weeks, that is, 5-10 times faster than a regular vegetable cycle. At the same time, from one hectare you will receive 2-3 tons of crops every day. You can also specify 7 workers per 1 hectare in the costs.

Video lesson: "How to create a greenhouse business?"

How to open a greenhouse business: creating a business plan

First of all, you will need to determine the location of the land itself, its area. After that, you will need to decide which vegetables (greens, flowers) you will grow, and how much area will be allocated for each type. Then you need to specify the growing method that you will use.

After that, approximately calculate how much crop you plan to receive per square meter per year (for each type of product separately). With the help of such a short plan, you will be able to determine what you already have and what you need to purchase or do.

Project objectives and total cost

Think about what settlements are located near your greenhouses. If you manage to deliver products there, then significantly reduce the cost of transportation.

The next goal is to sign an agreement with a large corporation (supermarket chain, food preparation plants, etc.). However, it depends on how large your greenhouse business is.

The last goal is to determine the maximum profit for the year on the available resources and the minimum profit at which you can develop in the next year. It is desirable that these 2 numbers are very different from each other and be much higher than the loss line.

To calculate the total cost of a greenhouse business, you need to determine what expenses you will have. First, find out the initial capital. This amount of funds should ensure the direct construction of greenhouses, their connection to various networks (water, electricity, etc.), the purchase of equipment and planting material. Also, one should not forget about the current expenses that will occur before the first profit is received.

Project preparation time

To determine not only the volume, but also the time of profit, it is necessary to make several calculations:

1. preparation of the territory, construction of greenhouses and their connection to the networks should be carried out in T-time (you can find out this figure if you take into account the number of workers, the type of greenhouse and its size);
2. purchase of equipment and its installation;
3. acquisition and planting of planting materials;
4. according to your work strategy, determine the timing of the ripening of the crop;
5. the timing of the sale of goods.

As a result, you will be able to determine the approximate time for making a profit. Please note: if your contract with the customer does not provide for immediate payment upon receipt, and you receive money according to the quantity of products sold, then the average crop damage period must be added to the above formula.

You need to start your business by looking for wholesale buyers who will be ready to purchase your products: wholesale depots, shops, markets.

Greenhouse segment competition

There is no point in knowing how to open a greenhouse business if you are not competitive. It is necessary to determine the specifics of greenhouse farms that operate in this region. Pay special attention to the type, quantity and quality of the products they offer.

To be competitive, it is necessary to determine how full the sales market is and what demand the population has. Even if you have found one or more wholesale buyers, you need to take into account the fact that after some time they may go bankrupt, and you will have nowhere to sell your products. Therefore, it is best to have fallback sales options.

Technical and financial details

Having dealt with all the above issues, it is time to get acquainted with the intricacies of production:

1. Remoteness of communications from your greenhouses. The fact is that the connection will be carried out entirely at your expense. Therefore, you need to consider these additional costs.
2. Territory size. It should be such that it would be possible to easily organize access roads for transporting your goods.
3. If you do not have enough funds to purchase a land plot, you can rent it. But in this case, it would be inappropriate to build greenhouses - it is best to purchase prefabricated greenhouses.
4. Heating of greenhouses. It will allow you to clearly regulate the temperature inside the greenhouse and control the growth of vegetables.
5. Free finance. The availability of free cash will allow you to invest in new technologies, marketing or scale existing business processes.

An example of greenhouse business calculations

Let's get acquainted with the approximate calculation of how to open a greenhouse business:

1. one greenhouse with all the equipment and an area of ​​​​0.5 hectares will cost $ 15,000;
2. to service it, you need to hire 5 people: 3 workers, a manager and a technologist (salary 25-30,000 dollars per year);
3. 90% of the costs are heating and electricity, so you need to find the cheapest, but at the same time effective way (it is best to choose species for which the growing temperature does not differ much from the temperatures in the region - this will reduce variable costs);
4. business profitability is 15-40%, that is, your expenses will pay off in a couple of years (depending on competition and demand in a particular region).