Sedova Victoria, 6th grade student of the Municipal Educational Institution "Secondary School in the village of Mikhailovka, Saratov District, Saratov Region" Grain receives its sight in the soil, a Child receives its sight in the family. A person grows up in a family, and everything that he later acquires does not come to him from the outside! A. Reva In the life of every person, the main thing is family. It is very important for me that there are people next to me whom I love very much. This is my mother, my dad, my sister, my grandparents - the closest, dearest. Sometimes, when we all get together in the evenings, we look at old photographs. This is a very interesting and exciting activity. The amazing story of one photograph. This is exactly what I want to talk about. To better understand who is depicted on it, I asked my grandmother Galya. And this is the story she told me. The photograph shows my great-grandfather Mikhail with his comrades (he is the first from the top). This photograph was taken in 1939 (restored by my mother's brother in 2005). Mikhail Pavlovich Alimpiev left to serve in the army in 1939, from where he was sent to the front from the very first day of the war. He was the commander of a tank squad. This was probably fate, because he was born on the day of the tankman. But in the first year of the war, his crew was hit by an enemy shell, and his great-grandfather received a shrapnel wound. Doctors fought hard for the life of the young tankman; soldier Mikhail Alimpiev survived, but my great-grandfather never returned to duty. In 1942, he was discharged due to a head wound. For a long time he then wore a special helmet that protected his open head wound. According to the grandmother’s recollections, a “leathery film” formed over time in place of the parietal bone of great-grandfather Mikhail; it was thin and “breathed”, like that of a newborn child. But we don’t ask for honors, We didn’t expect rewards for our deeds. For us, the common glory of Russia was a soldier's award. G. Pozhenyan Returning to his small homeland, Mikhail Pavlovich worked on the collective farm as a carpenter, foreman, and salesman, contributing to the common cause of victory over the enemy with his labor. His perky character and sense of humor encouraged his fellow villagers and did not allow their last hope to die in difficult times. He was a kind of Tyorkin for them in those difficult years. According to my mother’s older sister, my great-grandfather was a cheerful, cheerful, fair person. Only optimism probably gave him the strength to survive all the hardships of war and life’s adversities, and illness. It’s a pity that his life ended too early: my mother was not even one year old at the time. A fragment of the war overtook my great-grandfather Mikhail already in peacetime. And he loved life so much! Listening to the stories of my relatives (grandmother and mother’s sister), I became interested in the name of my great-grandfather. I found the meaning of this name in the book: Michael is a Hebrew name, meaning “like God.” How right my great-grandfather’s parents were in giving their son such a name. His whole family idolized him! This old photograph is a heirloom of our entire extended family. She told me a lot about my great-grandfather Mikhail Pavlovich Alimpiev. I learned about the meaning of the name Mikhail. I am sure that the connection between generations in our family will not be lost over the years if we treat relics with care, and old photographs speak with the living voice of history. The photograph became a family heirloom

The history of photography. The first fixed image was made in 1822 by the Frenchman Joseph Nicéphore Niepce, but it has not survived to this day. Therefore, the first photograph in history is considered to be the “view from the window” photograph taken by Niepce in 1826 using a camera obscura on a tin plate covered with a thin layer of asphalt. The exposure lasted eight hours in bright sunlight. The advantage of Niépce's method was that the image turned out to be in relief (after etching the asphalt), and it could easily be reproduced in any number of copies. The world's first photograph, "View from a Window", 1826 Early color photography (1915)1915

A photographer is a person who practices photography. There are amateur photographers and professional photographers. An amateur photographer is a person who takes photographs for his own pleasure or entertainment, taking pictures for family, friends, for his blog posted on the Internet, etc. A professional photographer is a person whose main income comes from photography.

The work of a photographer in the narrow sense is direct photography. In a broad sense, a photographer is a person whose tasks include preparing for filming (choosing a topic, negotiations, obtaining permits and approvals, selecting models, props, equipment, choosing a location, etc.), direct photography and subsequent processing and printing work photographs, sale of material.

Professional skills and characteristics of the profession Dominant professional orientation: creativity, artistic images in combination with production and technology. It is important to find your own unique style, which can be created not only by artistic images, but also by an original technical solution in image processing.

What requirements does this profession place on an employee (personal abilities and qualities): * pronounced artistic abilities; * developed communication skills (more often it is necessary to work with the client); * creativity and high performance, physical endurance; * flexibility of thinking, developed imaginative thinking; * good memory (especially visual).

Family photographer - photographer taking family portraits in the interior, making a family album Household photographer - photographer making photos for documents, taking portraits to order in the studio, tourists against the backdrop of attractions, group photos in schools and kindergartens, corporate events

A forensic photographer is a photographer who takes photographs of incident scenes, corpses and material evidence for the needs of forensic medicine, investigative bodies, etc. A laboratory photographer is a researcher who provides photographic support for laboratory research

Place of work * newspaper or magazine (photojournalist); * photo studio (photos for documents, artistic photography); * holiday agencies and companies (photography of weddings, celebrations, anniversaries, presentations, etc.); * modeling business (shooting shows, developing a portfolio for models); * artist-photographer – independent creativity in various genres. * workshop

Today photography has entered a stage of dramatic changes associated with the introduction of digital methods and means. A modern photographer, using digital technologies, works “at the interface”, in adjacent, border areas between technology, technology and art.

The profession of a photographer can be obtained in: * state educational institutions; * commercial photo studios and photo schools; * educational projects in the field of photography. A creative person who does not have a special education, but has artistic abilities and strives for professional self-improvement, can become a professional photographer.

“Siberian School of Photography” was created on the basis of the “Sakura” photo studio. Location: st. Kropotkina 126/1. Activities: Professional photography training. Fundamentals of photographic skills (basic course). Studio photography (basic and original courses) Reporting: art and profession (from the best reportage photographers) Color correction and retouching in Photoshop. Educational establishments

Serious education related to the promising direction - digital technologies can be obtained at the St. Petersburg State University of Cinema and Television with specialties in the field of digital methods and means of television, cinema and photography: * Faculty of Audiovisual Technology: specialty Audiovisual Technology. Specialization: digital methods and means of television, cinema and photography; * Faculty of Photography and Technology of Recording Materials, specialization "Materials and Methods of Registration of Digital Images"

Salary If you really want to become a professional photographer, earn a lot of money and not only participate in photo competitions, but also win, then you can take photography courses in which you will gain additional shooting skills. The average salary of a professional photographer in the city is rubles/month.

The story of one photograph

The work was completed by an 8th grade student of the Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution “Pelymskaya Secondary School” ……………

Project business card

Name The story of one photograph

Supervisor E.N.Kokoleva

Project type: research, individual, mid-term

Academic subjects: history, local history, Komi-Permyak language, Komi-Permyak literature, the world around us

lead time: 3 weeks

Project product: booklet

Problem: The current generation of residents of our village does not know enough about the history of their village.

Hypothesis:

The photo was taken on one of the streets of the village of Pelym (Podgornaya Street). Judging by the clothes of the people, they were made in the 60s.

The event depicted in the photograph is a subbotnik. The group of people in the photograph are Komsomol members.

Target: determine from a photograph the event depicted on it, location and date.

Tasks: 1) identify the house from a photograph (find out who owned the house, what is now located on the site of this house)

2) Determine the names and surnames of the people depicted in the photograph, event

3) Find the villagers depicted in the photograph, find out from a conversation with them the event, date and location

4) Analyze the information received and prepare a presentation about the event that occurred in the village of Pelym.

5) Find out from various sources about subbotniks held in Soviet times.

Research methods:

Observation and description (study of visible objects in a photograph)

Conversations with informants

Comparison

Study and analysis of information sources

about subbotniks

The first stage of work: identifying research objects

Group of young people

Sidewalk, tools

Clothing (items of clothing)

Second stage of work: object research

The house is located on Central Street

Belonged to Sidorova Evdokia (Sidorovika)

Komsomol members of the collective farm "Rassvet"

Subbotnik (new sidewalk, tools)

The photograph shows Komsomol members

who carried out cleanup work on their own (they built the first sidewalk along Tsentralnaya Street in the village of Pelym).

The cleanup was held in the fall of 1966. Komsomol members of the Rassvet collective farm.

From the memoirs of Anastasia Ivanovna Petrova:

“This is a cleanup day that Komsomol members of the Rassvet collective farm held in the fall of 1966. In the summer, material was prepared for new sidewalks. I was the secretary of the Komsomol organization of the collective farm. I was appointed to this position while working at the school.

We are standing near the house that belonged to Evdokia Sidorova. This house is located on Central Street.

In addition to subbotniks, Komsomol members held KVNs and showed concerts (they especially liked to go to the village of Zyryanovo).”

From the memoirs of V.I. Minin

“This is a community cleanup (chips, new sidewalk). It was held around 1966-67.

The photograph shows my uncle V.E. Petrov, who during these years only

that he returned from service in the Soviet army"

Research of clothing and clothing details:

Sweatshirt (almost everyone is wearing it; warm underwear - according to S. Ozhegov’s Explanatory Dictionary, padded jacket; appeared in 1931)

Cap (soldier's headdress)

“Aerodrome” cap (used in the 60s)

• In the early years of Soviet power, subbotniks were a voluntary event in which communists and Komsomol members participated. 15 people took part in the first cleanup.
• Became widespread in the 1930s.
• They carried out various works: built sidewalks in villages, cleaned areas, created flower beds, playgrounds, etc.

Stage 4 of the project: product (information sheet)

Results of the work: while working on the project, I researched the event,

shown in the photograph. I found out that the house belonged to Sidorova

Evdokia, located on Central Street (will be demolished), next to

A resident of our village, Oleg Vasilievich Perebatov, is building a new house.

It was more difficult to find out the names of the people in the photograph.

Many thanks: A.I. Petrova, O.E. Petrova, V.I. Minina,

A.G. Petrova for the information provided.

I learned about subbotniks and Komsomol members from the electronic encyclopedia

Wikipedia.

The hypothesis was completely confirmed, except that the house is located

on Podgornaya street.

I want to continue my work. I have a desire to collect material on history

native village.

Information sources:

• Wikipedia (electronic encyclopedia)
• Informants (A.I. Petrova, A.G. Petrova,

O.E. Petrova, V.I. Minin)

List of Komsomol members:

Galkin Ivan Vladimirovich

Petrov Vasily Egorovich

Petrov Nikolay Petrovich

Petrov Pyotr Andreevich

Batanogova Augusta

Petrova Valentina Dmitrievna

Petrova Anastasia Ivanovna

Petrova Maria

Ponomareva Tamara

Molokotina Anna Vasilievna

Khomyakova Yulia Vasilievna

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History of photography

Photography (French photographie from ancient Greek φως / φωτος - light and γρ αφω - writing; light painting - technique of drawing with light) - obtaining and storing a static image on a photosensitive material (photo film or photographic matrix) using a camera.

In a broader sense, photography is the art of taking photographs, where the main creative process lies in finding and choosing the composition, lighting and moment (or moments) of the photograph. This choice is determined by the skill and skill of the photographer, as well as his personal preferences and taste, which is typical for any type of art.

Images using visible light reflected from objects were obtained in ancient times and were used for painting and technical work. The method, later called orthoscopic photography, does not require serious optical devices. In those days, only small holes and sometimes slits were used. Images were projected onto surfaces opposite to these holes.

The method was further improved with the help of optical instruments placed in place of the hole. This served as the basis for the creation of a camera that limits the resulting image from exposure to non-image-carrying light. The camera was called a pinhole; the image was projected onto its rear matte wall and redrawn along the contour by the artist. After the invention of methods for chemical image recording, the camera obscura became a structural prototype of the photographic apparatus. The name "photography" was chosen as the most euphonious of several options by the French Academy in 1839.

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History of photography (continued)

Therefore, the first photograph in history is considered to be the “view from the window” photograph taken by Niepce in 1826 using a camera obscura on a tin plate covered with a thin layer of asphalt. The exposure lasted eight hours in bright sunlight. The advantage of Niépce's method was that the image turned out to be in relief (after etching the asphalt), and it could easily be reproduced in any number of copies.

In 1839, the Frenchman Louis-Jacques Mandé Daguerre published a method for producing an image on a copper plate coated with silver. After thirty minutes of exposure, Daguerre moved the plate to a dark room and held it for some time over heated mercury vapor. Daguerre used table salt as an image fixative. The picture turned out to be of fairly high quality - well-developed details in both highlights and shadows, however, copying the picture was impossible. Daguerre called his method of obtaining a photographic image daguerreotype. An original Daguerre camera made by Alphonse Giroux, it measures 12 x 14.5 x 20 inches. The inscription on the tag “The device has no guarantee if it does not bear the signature of Mr. Daguerre and the seal of Mr. Giroud.

Almost at the same time, the Englishman William Henry Fox Talbot invented a method for producing a negative photographic image, which he called calotype. Talbot used paper impregnated with silver chloride as an image carrier. This technology combined high quality and the ability to copy photographs (positives were printed on similar paper).

Photographer's kit, weighing between 70 and 120 pounds, required for wet collodion photography.

A camera for business cards, patented by Adolphe-Eugene Disderi in 1854. Eight exposures were made on a 6.5 by 8.5 inch plate. The print was then cut and pasted onto cards the size of a business card - 4 by 2.5 inches.

Horse in motion. 1878 Photos from wet plates. First successful photographs of a horse moving along a track in Palo Alto, San Francisco, June 19, 1878. The exposure of each negative was less than 1/2000 of a second. 12 chambers similar to the chamber below were used.

Eastman in 1888 developed an excellent amateur camera for its time and gave birth to a word that has since become synonymous with the word “camera” - “kodak”. The Kodak camera was a small box (hence the name "detective camera"), a little over 6 inches long, 3.5 inches wide and less than 4 inches high. Anyone who, as stated in the instructions, could work with it was able to: 1. Direct the camera. 2. Press the button. 3. Turn the key. 4. Pull the cord.

Color photography appeared in the mid-19th century. The first permanent color photograph was taken in 1861 by James Maxwell using three-color photography (color separation method). To obtain a color photograph, three cameras with color filters installed on them (red, green and blue) were used. The resulting photographs made it possible to recreate a color image during projection (and later in printing).

On December 13, 1902, Prokudin-Gorsky first announced the creation of color transparencies using the method of three-color photography

Stenop (from French Sténopé) is a photographic device without a lens, the role of which is played by a small hole. Stenope is used to produce landscape photographs with a soft image, somewhat similar to the image during sleep.