Requirements for organization and equipment. Requirements for the organization and equipment of workstations with personal computers. General requirements for workplace organization

Hygiene REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE COMPUTER CLASSROOM.

Hygienic requirements for the organization of the educational process in computer classes of general education institutions are regulated by SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03 “Hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and work organization,” approved by a decree of the chief state sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation.

The main requirements aimed at ensuring the prevention of adverse effects on the health of children and adolescents from harmful factors of the “intra-school” environment when organizing the educational process in computer classes of general education institutions include:

Requirements for PC.

For children's activities, it is permissible to use only PCs that have a sanitary and epidemiological certificate on their safety for children's health. Not only newly acquired PCs, but also those in operation must have a sanitary and epidemiological certificate.

Requirements for premises for working with PCs.

The room where computers are operated must have artificial and natural lighting, protective grounding (grounding). To place computer classes, you should choose rooms that are oriented to the north and northeast and are equipped with adjustable devices such as blinds, curtains, external canopies, etc. It is unacceptable to place computer classes in basements and basements.

To decorate the interior of rooms with computers, it is recommended to use polymer materials that have hygienic certificates confirming their safety for the health of children.

The area per workstation with a PC based on a cathode ray tube must be at least 6 square meters. m., based on flat discrete screens (liquid crystal, plasma) of at least 4.5 sq. m.

Requirements for lighting, microclimate, levels of electromagnetic fields, visual parameters at workplaces equipped with a PC.

It is very important to hygienically place workstations in a computer lab. It is better to position the computer so that the light on the screen falls from the left. Despite the fact that the screen is illuminated, classes should not take place in a dark room, but in a well-lit room.

Each workstation in the computer class creates a unique electromagnetic field with a radius of 1.5 m or more. Moreover, the radiation comes not only from the screen, but also from the back and side walls of the monitor. The optimal location of the equipment should exclude the influence of radiation from the computer on students working on other computers. To do this, the arrangement of desktops must ensure a distance between the side surfaces of the monitor of at least 1.2 m, between desktops with video monitors (towards the rear of the surface of one video monitor and the screen of another video monitor) - at least 2.0 m.

The illumination of the table surface or keyboard should be 300-500 lux, and the screen should not be more than 300 lux. As light sources for artificial lighting, predominantly fluorescent lamps of the LB type and compact fluorescent lamps (CF) should be used. In local lighting fixtures, the use of incandescent lamps, including halogen lamps, is allowed. Lamps in computer classes should have diffusers and shielding grilles; they should be placed in the form of solid or broken lines located on the side of the workstations, parallel to the user’s line of sight when video display terminals are arranged in a row.

To reduce eye strain, it is important to ensure that the image on the computer screen is clear and contrasty. It is also necessary to exclude the possibility of screen flare, as this reduces the contrast and brightness of the image.

When working with textual information, preference should be given to positive contrast: dark characters on a light background. The distance from the eyes to the computer screen should be 60-70 cm. One child should be working at the computer at a time, since the conditions for viewing the image on the screen sharply worsen for those sitting on the side. The optimal microclimate parameters in display classes are as follows: temperature -19-21°, relative humidity - 55-62%.

Before and after each academic hour of classes, computer classrooms should be ventilated, which will ensure an improvement in the quality of the air. Wet cleaning in computer classes should be carried out daily.

Requirements for the organization and equipment of workstations with PCs

When using one computer science classroom for students of different ages, the most difficult problem to solve is the selection of furniture in accordance with the height of the students. In this case, it is advisable to equip workplaces with footrests having a width of at least 300 mm, a depth of at least 400 mm, which should be adjustable in height within a range of up to 150 mm and in the angle of inclination of the supporting surface of the stand up to 20 mm. The surface of the stand should be corrugated and have a rim 10 mm high along the front edge.

The size of educational furniture (table and chair) must correspond to the height of the child. You can verify this in the following way: your legs and back (and even better, your forearms) are supported, and your line of sight is approximately at the center of the monitor or slightly higher.

You should sit up straight (without slouching) and lean your back against the back of the chair. You need to bend your back in the lumbar region not backward, but, on the contrary, slightly forward.

The design of the work chair (chair) should ensure the maintenance of a rational working posture when working on a computer, allow you to change the posture in order to reduce static tension in the muscles of the cervical-shoulder region and back to prevent the development of fatigue.

Workstations equipped with a PC are equipped with a single table with 2 separate surfaces (one horizontal for placing the PC with smooth height adjustment within the range of 520 - 760 mm and the second for the keyboard with smooth height adjustment and tilt angle from 0 to 15 degrees with reliable fixation in the optimal working position (12-15 degrees), a work chair (chair), which should be lift-and-swivel, adjustable in height and angles of inclination of the seat and back

Despite the fact that schoolchildren spend relatively little time in the computer classroom, teaching them proper occupational hygiene through a worthy example is very important so that useful skills are reinforced for life. This is not just a requirement of hygiene, but a requirement of methodology.

The monitor should be installed directly in front of the user and should not require rotation of the head or body.

The monitor must be installed at such a height that the center of the screen is 15-20 cm below eye level, the tilt angle is up to 15 0 (i.e., approximately, the upper part of the screen should be at eye level (when working with glasses with bifocal lenses - below eye level). The monitor screen should be located from the user's eyes at an optimal distance of 60-70 cm, but not closer than 50 cm, taking into account the size of alphanumeric characters and symbols. The monitor screen should be looked at from top to bottom, and not vice versa.

Do not place shiny or reflective objects (sheets of paper, glossy posters, picture frames) near the monitor.

Introducing children to the computer should begin with teaching the rules of safe use, which must be observed not only at school, but also at home.

The computer monitor should be positioned so that its back wall faces the wall of the room rather than people. In computer classes with several computers, workstations should be located along the periphery of the room, leaving the center free. In this case, it is additionally necessary to check each of the workplaces for the absence of direct reflection of external lighting sources.

with VDT and PC
8.1. General requirements
8.1.1. Workplaces with VDT and PC in relation to the light openings should be located so that natural light falls from the side, mainly from the left (Appendix 10).

8.1.2. The layout of workstations with VDTs and PCs must take into account the distance between work tables with video monitors (towards the rear surface of one video monitor and the screen of another video monitor), which must be at least 2.0 m, and the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors - at least 1. 2 m.

8.1.3. Workplaces with VDTs and PCs in the halls of electronic computers or in rooms with sources of harmful production factors should be located in isolated cabins with organized air exchange.

8.1.4. Window openings in rooms where VDTs and PCs are used must be equipped with adjustable devices such as blinds, curtains (clause 6.5), external canopies, etc.

8.1.5. Workplaces with VDT and PC when performing creative work that requires significant mental stress or high concentration of attention should be isolated from each other by partitions 1.5 - 2.0 m high.

8.1.6. Cabinets, safes, racks for storing disks, floppy disks, components, spare VDT and PC units, tools should be located in utility rooms, for educational institutions - in laboratory assistants.

In the absence of utility rooms or laboratory rooms, it is allowed to place cabinets, safes and shelving in the rooms where VDTs and PCs are directly used, subject to the requirements for the area of the premises and the requirements set out in this section.

8.1.7. In utility rooms or laboratory rooms there should be a work table and a radio mounting table equipped with a local suction on a telescopic air duct with a swivel joint that allows the air receiver to be installed in the desired position, with an initial speed of 5 - 6 m/s in the suction plane.

8.1.8. When designing equipment and organizing the user's workplace of VDTs and PCs, it is necessary to ensure that the design of all elements of the workplace and their relative arrangement meet ergonomic requirements, taking into account the nature of the activity performed by the user, the complexity of technical means, forms of labor organization and the main working position of the user.

8.1.9. The design of the desktop should ensure optimal placement of the equipment used on the working surface, taking into account its quantity and design features (size of VDT and PC, keyboard, music stand, etc.), the nature of the work performed. At the same time, it is possible to use work tables of various designs that meet modern ergonomic requirements.

8.1.10. The design of the work chair (chair) should ensure the maintenance of a rational working posture when working on VDTs and PCs, allow changing the posture in order to reduce the static tension of the muscles of the cervico-shoulder region and back to prevent the development of fatigue.

The type of work chair (chair) should be selected depending on the nature and duration of work with VDTs and PCs, taking into account the height of the user.

8.1.11. The work chair (chair) must be lift-swivel and adjustable in height and angles of inclination of the seat and back, as well as the distance of the back from the front edge of the seat, while the adjustment of each parameter must be independent, easy to carry out and have a reliable fixation.

8.1.12. The surface of the seat, back and other elements of the chair (armchair) should be semi-soft, with a non-slip, non-electrifying and breathable coating, ensuring easy cleaning from dirt.

8.1.13. The video monitor screen should be located from the user’s eyes at an optimal distance of 600 - 700 mm, but no closer than 500 mm, taking into account the size of alphanumeric characters and symbols.

8.1.14. In rooms with VDTs and PCs, wet cleaning should be carried out daily.

8.1.15. Premises with VDTs and PCs must be equipped with a first aid kit and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.
8.2. Requirements for the organization and equipment of workplaces

with VDT and PC for adult users
8.2.1. The height of the working surface of the table for adult users should be adjusted within 680 - 800 mm; If this is not possible, the height of the working surface of the table should be 725 mm.

8.2.2. The modular dimensions of the working surface of the table for VDT and PC, on the basis of which the design dimensions should be calculated, should be considered: width 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 mm, depth 800 and 1000 mm with an unregulated height of 725 mm.

8.2.3. The work desk must have legroom of at least 600 mm high, at least 500 mm wide, at least 450 mm deep at knee level and at least 650 mm deep at leg level.

8.2.4. The work chair (chair) must be lift-swivel and adjustable in height and angles of inclination of the seat and back, as well as the distance of the back from the front edge of the seat.

Its design should provide:

The width and depth of the seat surface is at least 400 mm;

Seat surface with rounded front edge;

Adjustable seat surface height within 400 - 550 mm and forward tilt angles up to 15 degrees. and back up to 5 degrees;

The height of the supporting surface of the backrest is 300 +- 20 mm, the width is at least 380 mm and the radius of curvature of the horizontal plane is 400 mm;

The angle of inclination of the back in the vertical plane is within 0 + - 30 degrees;

Adjustment of the distance of the backrest from the front edge of the seat within 260 - 400 mm;

Stationary or removable armrests with a length of at least 250 mm and a width of 50 - 70 mm;

Adjustment of armrests in height above the seat within 230 + - 30 mm and internal distance between armrests within 350 - 500 mm.

8.2.5. The workplace must be equipped with a footrest with a width of at least 300 mm, a depth of at least 400 mm, height adjustment up to 150 mm and an inclination angle of the supporting surface of the stand up to 20 degrees. The surface of the stand should be corrugated and have a rim 10 mm high along the front edge.

8.2.6. A workstation with a VDT and a PC must be equipped with an easily movable document rest.

8.2.7. When organizing workplaces for working on technological equipment, which includes VDTs or PCs (program-controlled machines, robotic and technological complexes, flexible automated production, dispatch control panels, etc.), the following should be provided:

A space in depth of at least 850 mm, taking into account protruding parts of the equipment for the presence of a human operator;

Foot space with a depth and height of at least 150 mm and a width of at least 530 mm;

The location of input and output devices ensures optimal screen visibility;

Easy reach of manual controls in the motor field area: height - 900 - 1300 mm, depth - 400 - 500 mm;

9.3.3. When organizing single-shift classes in an educational institution, a break of 50-60 minutes should be organized in the middle of the school day (after 3-4 lessons) for lunch and rest for students.

9.3.4. When working on VDTs and PCs, to prevent the development of overwork, it is necessary to carry out a set of preventive measures:

Carry out eye exercises every 20 - 25 minutes of working on VDT and PC (Appendix 16); and when visual discomfort appears, expressed in the rapid development of eye fatigue, pain, flashing dots before the eyes, etc. eye exercises are carried out individually, independently and before the specified time;

To relieve local fatigue, targeted physical education minutes should be carried out individually or in an organized manner under the control of a physical trainer or teacher (Appendix 17);

To relieve general fatigue, improve the functional state of the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory systems, as well as the muscles of the shoulder girdle, arms, back, neck and legs, physical exercise breaks should be carried out (Appendix 18)

Exercise sets should be changed after 2 - 3 weeks.

9.3.5. The total duration of circle and extracurricular work using VDTs or PCs should not exceed 2 hours per week, and direct work on VDTs and PCs should not exceed 1 hour, subject to the operating regime on VDTs and PCs (clause 9.3.1) and preventive measures ( clause 9.3.4) as during training sessions.

9.3.6. Club and elective classes using VDT or PC should be conducted after the end of training sessions no earlier than 50 - 60 minutes.

9.3.7. The duration of work using a VDT or PC during industrial practice, without training sessions, should not exceed 3 hours a day, subject to the work schedule (clause 9.3.1) and preventive measures (clause 9.3.4).

9.4. Requirements for organizing the regime of educational and extracurricular activities

classes with VDT and PC for school-age children and classes with

gaming complexes based on PC for preschool children

age
9.4.1. For students in grades X - XI on the basics of computer science and computer technology there should be no more than 2 lessons per week, and for other classes - 1 lesson per week using VDT and PC.

9.4.2. The continuous duration of classes directly with a VDT or PC should not exceed:

For 1st grade students (6 years old) - 10 minutes;

For students of grades II - V - 15 minutes;

For students of grades VI - VII - 20 minutes;

For students of grades VIII - IX - 25 minutes;

For students in grades X - XI, the first hour of classes is 30 minutes, the second hour is 20 minutes.

9.4.3. Work on VDT and PC should be carried out at an individual rhythm and pace.

9.4.4. After the established duration of work on VDT and PC (clause 9.4.2), a set of exercises for the eyes should be carried out (Appendix 16), and after each lesson during breaks - physical exercises to prevent general fatigue (Appendix 18).

9.4.5. The duration of breaks between lessons should be at least 10 minutes, during which through ventilation should be carried out with the obligatory exit of students from the classroom (office).

9.4.6. When conducting industrial training for high school students using PCs and VDTs in a training and production plant or other institutions, 50% of the time should be spent on theoretical classes and 50% of the time on practical ones. The operating mode must meet the requirements set out in clauses 9.4.1 and 9.4.2, with the mandatory implementation of preventive measures (clause 9.4.4).

9.4.7. The time of industrial practice for high school students during extracurricular hours using PCs and VDTs should be limited for students over 16 years of age to three hours, and for students under 16 years of age - to two hours with mandatory compliance with the work schedule (clauses 9.4.1, 9.4. 2) and carrying out preventive measures: eye exercises after 20 - 25 minutes (Appendix 16) and physical exercises after 45 minutes during a break (Appendices 17, 18).

9.4.8. Classes in circles using PCs and VDTs should be organized no earlier than 1 hour after the end of classes at school. This time should be reserved for rest and eating.

9.4.9. Classes in circles using PCs and VDTs should be held no more than 2 times a week with a total duration of:

For students in grades 2 - 5 (7 - 10 years old) - no more than 60 minutes;

For students in grades 6 and older - up to 90 minutes.

It is unacceptable to devote the entire lesson time to playing computer games with an imposed rhythm. They are allowed to be held at the end of the lesson lasting up to 10 minutes for students in grades 2-5 and 15 minutes for older students.

The schedule of classes in clubs must comply with the requirements set out in clauses 9.4.2, 9.4.3, with the mandatory implementation of preventive measures (clause 9.4.4).

9.4.10. The conditions and daily routine in schools of "Young Programmers", organized during school holidays for 2 - 4 weeks, must comply with sanitary standards and rules "Design, maintenance and organization of the regime of children's health camps".

9.4.11. Classes with PCs and VDTs in schools of “Young Programmers” should not be more than 6 days a week, the seventh day of the week should be reserved for rest, without work on the PC and VDTs.

9.4.12. The total duration of classes with a PC or VDT in schools of “Young Programmers” during the day should be limited:

For students 8 - 10 years old - one lesson in the first half of the day lasting no more than 45 minutes;

For students 11 - 13 years old - two lessons of 45 minutes: one in the morning and the other in the afternoon;

For students 14 - 16 years old - three lessons of 45 minutes each: two in the first half of the day and one in the afternoon.

9.4.13. After 20 minutes of working on the PC and VDT, eye exercises should be performed (Appendix 16). Between two classes you should take a break for 15 minutes, during which you should organize outdoor games or physical exercises with a set of exercises to relieve local and general fatigue (Appendices 17, 18, etc.).

9.4.14. In “Young Programmers” schools, “computer games” with an imposed rhythm are allowed to be played no more than once a day for a duration of:

Up to 10 minutes - for children of primary school age;

Up to 15 minutes - for children of middle and high school age.

It is forbidden to play computer games before bedtime.

9.4.15. In preschool institutions, the duration of classes using educational computer game programs for children 5 years old should not exceed 7 minutes and for children 6 years old - 10 minutes.

9.4.16. Computer gaming classes in preschool institutions should be conducted no more than twice a week on the days of children’s highest performance: Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. After classes, you should do eye exercises.

9.4.17. It is not allowed to conduct classes with PCs and VDTs in preschool institutions at the expense of time allocated for sleep, daytime walks and other recreational activities.

9.4.18. Classes for preschoolers using a PC or VDT must be conducted by a methodologist or in his presence.

9.4.19. Classes with a PC or VDT should be preceded by quiet games, held in the hall located adjacent to the room where the computers are installed.

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The workplace is an organizationally indivisible element of the production process under specific conditions. It is serviced by one or more people, is designed to carry out various operations, and is equipped with appropriate devices and equipment depending on the specifics of the activity. In the Russian Federation, there are certain regulatory requirements for organizing workplaces. Let's take a closer look at them.

Legal aspect

The requirements for organizing the workplace are established in:

Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
Legislative acts of the subjects.
International and state standards.
Employment contract.
Collective agreement.

These acts contain rules, procedures, and establish criteria to ensure the preservation of the health and life of people in the course of their professional activities. Compliance with workplace organization requirements is the responsibility of every employer.

Classification

Workplaces are differentiated depending on the degree of automation. In accordance with this criterion, jobs are distinguished:

Organization of the workplace: occupational safety requirements

Areas of professional activity are located outside the zone of movement of mechanisms, containers, goods, and movement of goods. At the same time, convenient monitoring of ongoing processes and management of operations should be ensured. The basic requirements for the organization of workplaces include the requirement to create free space between areas where employees carry out their activities. It is necessary for the free movement of people during operation of the equipment. Occupational safety requirements for the organization of workplaces include the obligation to place them along the technological process. In this case, counter flows should be excluded when moving containers, products, and waste. The path of movement of products should be as short as possible, and employee transitions should be kept to a minimum. The general requirements for the organization of the workplace of a mechanic and other specialists working at the machine, therefore, provide for the establishment of such a state of areas, as well as the distance between them, to ensure the free movement of people and vehicles, normal maintenance, repair and cleaning of equipment.

Position of employees during operations

Requirements for the organization of the workplace include the need to provide sufficient space for the rational placement of additional inventory, containers, and equipment. The area where professional activities are carried out must be convenient for a person. We are also talking about the employee’s postures in which operations are performed. They should not create difficulties for a person. Requirements for the organization of the workplace include provisions for the possibility of performing operations in a sitting position or when alternating standing and sitting positions. This is provided if the activity does not require constant movement. When performing operations in a sitting position, people should be provided with comfortable chairs.

The requirements for organizing a workplace where an employee performs activities while standing include certain parameters of the area. In particular, the width must be at least 600 mm, length - 1600 mm. The space for feet has the following parameters: 530 mm in width, 150 mm in height and depth. The table installed at the workplace should be at a height of 955 mm from the floor. The necessary tools, equipment, and dishes are placed in drawers, wall cabinets, and racks within reach. The key safety requirement for organizing workplaces is to prevent cluttering of passages and areas where production operations are directly carried out with containers and products. Their mutual location and layout should ensure easy access and quick evacuation in case of an emergency.

Activities of sellers

The following requirements are provided for organizing the workplace of an employee of a trading enterprise:

The placement of inventory and goods should provide convenience when performing actions. It is necessary to exclude unnecessary transitions, movements of the torso and arms. Inventory and products must be located in permanent, assigned places.
At the trading area, comfortable chairs or folding seats are installed for relaxation during the absence of customers. It is not allowed to use boxes or other objects for these purposes. There should be a wooden flooring between the wall-mounted equipment and the counter. This is necessary to prevent hypothermia of the feet.

Sanitary requirements have been established for trading areas. When selling food products, there must be containers with special markings (tanks with lids, buckets, etc.). As they are filled, but no more than 2/3, it must be cleaned. Upon completion of work, all tanks and buckets, regardless of how full they are, should be washed with a 1-2 percent soda solution or other detergents.

Packaging, packing, stacking of products

Special chests and tables must be used at workplaces. The dimensions of the equipment must take into account anthropometric parameters. The working surface is located at the height established in GOSTs 12.2.032 and 12.2.033. The premises where flour and flour products are packaged are equipped with a local exhaust hood. Products with a large weight are packaged on high-strength tables. These surfaces should provide containers for materials: paper, boxes, bags, and so on. For stackers-packers performing various operations, the following positions are recommended:

Workplaces of employees who perform operations primarily in a sitting position with limited mobility must be equipped with adjustable footrests, height, and distance from the table and comfortable seats.

Space for cashier-controller

A chair with a lift-and-swivel mechanism is installed at the employee’s workplace. The seat surface should be slightly curved and adjustable in height within 0.4-0.45 m, have a width of 0.42 m and a depth of 0.41 m. The coverings are made of a material that provides low thermal conductivity and the ability to carry out wet cleaning. For convenience when working in a sitting position, the seat is equipped with a footrest. It must have a regulating mechanism for the angle of inclination and height of the support platform. One of the main requirements for ensuring optimal working conditions for cashiers is a high level of illumination. At the same time, sources of direct and reflected glare are excluded from the field of view of workers. The lamps are located directly above the employee’s work area.

Protection of cashiers from criminal attacks

This is ensured by equipping the premises with emergency lighting and installing a panic button. In the process of depositing funds into a banking organization or when transporting them from it, the employer is obliged to provide the employee with security and, if necessary, a car. The cashier and his accompanying persons, as well as the transport driver, are prohibited from:

Disclose the route of travel and the amount of transported funds.
Allow unauthorized persons into the vehicle interior.
Transport money by public or passing transport, as well as carry it on foot.
Carry out other assignments, be distracted from delivering cash to its destination.

Operations for wet-heat treatment of products

Workplaces for ironers are located in premises intended for receiving, maintaining and preparing goods for sale. Special surfaces are equipped with a figured removable wooden board. It is covered with cloth on both sides. On the right, at a slight inclination to the surface, a metal stand for the iron is installed on the table. It should have sides on three sides, the height of which is 30-40 mm. They are necessary to prevent the iron from falling. A stand 800 mm high is mounted in the right corner at the top of the surface. It is used to hang the iron cord. The ironing table should also have a device for attaching a fan and a trough to prevent items from hanging onto the floor during processing. In addition, a retractable bracket for hanging the iron, a fan with a hinge, buttons for turning it on/off, and a frame for a piece of fabric, with which you can check the cleanliness of the soleplate of the iron, are installed on the surface. The design of the desktop includes drawers for storing accessories, tools, a cabinet for storing personal belongings, a shelf for special pads, brushes, etc. There must be a dielectric mat on the floor. The workplace is also equipped with a chair with a lift-and-swivel mechanism and a semi-soft seat for short rest.

Warehouse room

The area of the workplace must be at least 6 square meters. m. To ensure normal conditions for the warehouseman to carry out his professional activities, insulated cabins are installed. The workplace can be enclosed by a glazed partition, the height of which is 1.8 m. The storekeeper’s room is located closer to the areas where picking, packing and sending products to the expedition is carried out. The workplace is equipped with a table and a lift-and-swivel chair. The storekeeper must have at his disposal the tools necessary to open the container (pliers, scissors, pliers, knives, etc.). Lamps are installed above the employee’s desk, where he completes documentation, as well as next to the filing cabinets.

Space for picker

The workplace is equipped with appropriate equipment, mechanisms and materials depending on the categories of goods. When picking large-sized products (refrigerators, furniture, etc.), the workplace occupies the entire warehouse area. In this case, operations are carried out using trucks or cargo trolleys equipped with lifting devices. The activities of the picker related to weighing are carried out using scales with a load capacity of 5-2000 kg. A studio must be installed at the workplace. The height of its seat is 400-450 mm, depth is 410-500 mm. In addition, local lighting is installed at the workplace.

Room for an employee servicing a freight elevator

The workplace is located on the platform on the main loading floor. If the duties of the elevator operator include escorting the cargo, then his area of activity extends to the cabin where objects are transported. At the workplace, install a bedside table for storing documentation and a first aid kit, a telephone or other means of communication, a stool, and an internal or external push-button system for controlling sound and light alarms. A dielectric mat and gloves, as well as a safety helmet, should be kept in the elevator machine room. The key to this room is given to the elevator operator.

Cleaner's area

The workplace of this employee is located directly near the area he serves. When planning the premises, it is necessary to provide passages for cleaning machines and passages for employees. The workplace is equipped with a cabinet with compartments in which detergents, work clothes, and equipment are placed.

Equipping spaces for VDT and PC users

For employees whose work involves the use of personal electronic computers and video display terminals, work tables are equipped, the height of which is adjustable within the range of 680-800 mm. If there is no corresponding mechanism, the surface is located at a distance of 725 mm from the floor. The height of the legroom is at least 600 mm, the width is at least 500, and the depth at the level of the knees is 450 mm and the outstretched legs are 650 mm. This is where the stand should be installed. Its width is no less than 300, and its depth is 400 mm. The stand should be adjustable in tilt angle up to 20 degrees. and height - up to 150 mm. A side is provided along the front edge, the height of which is 10 mm. The stand must have a corrugated surface. The work cross (chair) of the PC and VDT user is equipped with a lifting and rotating mechanism, and a back and seat adjustable in angle and height. Changing parameters should be easy. All mechanisms operate independently and reliably fix the selected position of the elements. The surface of the back, seat and other parts with which the employee is in direct contact must have a semi-soft, non-electrifying, non-slip, breathable coating that allows for easy cleaning from dirt. The monitor should be located at a distance of 600-700 mm from the employee’s eyes, taking into account the size of alphanumeric characters and signs.

Additionally

To prevent drafts in rooms located near doors, technological openings, gates, screens or partitions are installed. Preparation of the workplace is carried out at the end of the shift. The employee cleans mechanisms, tools, auxiliary equipment, and equipment. If necessary, wet cleaning is performed.

Conclusion

Until 2013, in accordance with legal requirements, regular certification of workplaces was carried out. It included assessment and verification of compliance with regulations, the quality of equipment in areas where employees carry out their professional activities. Particular attention was paid to enterprises engaged in the field of catering and food trade. Special commissions were created, which first of all checked whether the sanitary requirements for the premises were met. A new procedure has now been introduced. Certification of workplaces has been replaced by an assessment of the conditions for employees to carry out professional activities. This procedure was introduced in 2014. Corresponding amendments were made to the Labor Code.

Diploma, coursework and test papers can be downloaded from the "Study" page, and from the "Contents" page you can go to all pages of the explanatory note of the diploma project.

8.3.2 Requirements for the organization and equipment of workstations with PCs

Workplaces with VDTs, computers and personal computers in relation to the light openings should be located so that natural light falls from the side, mainly from the left. Workplace layouts must take into account the distance between desktops with video monitors, which must be at least 2.0 m, and the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors must be at least 1.2 m. Workplaces in rooms with electronic computers or in rooms with sources harmful production factors should be located in isolated cabins with organized air exchange.

Window openings in premises must be equipped with adjustable devices such as blinds, curtains, external canopies, etc.

Since training is associated with the performance of creative work that requires significant mental effort or high concentration of attention, they should be isolated from each other by partitions 1.5-2 m high.

The design of the work table should ensure optimal placement of the equipment used on the working surface, taking into account its quantity and design features, and the nature of the work performed.

The design of the work chair (chair) should ensure the maintenance of a rational working posture and allow changing the posture in order to reduce the statistical tension of the muscles of the cervico-brachial region and back to prevent the development of fatigue.

The work chair (chair) must be lift-swivel and adjustable in height and angles of inclination of the seat and back, as well as the distance of the back from the front edge of the seat, while the adjustment of each parameter must be independent, easy to carry out and have a reliable fixation. The surface of the seat, back and other elements of the chair (armchair) should be semi-soft, with a non-slip, non-electrifying and breathable coating, ensuring easy cleaning from dirt

The video monitor screen from the user’s eyes should be at an optimal distance of 600 - 700 mm, but not closer than 500 mm, taking into account the size of alphanumeric characters and symbols.

The premises must be wet cleaned daily.

The premises must be equipped with a first aid kit and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.

The height of the working surface of the table for adult users should be adjusted within 680 - 800 mm; If this is not possible, the height of the working surface of the table should be 725 mm.

The modular dimensions of the working surface of the table for VDTs, computers and personal computers, on the basis of which the design dimensions should be calculated, should be considered: width 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 mm, depth 800 and 1000 mm with an unregulated height of 725 mm.

The work desk must have legroom of at least 600 mm high, at least 500 mm wide, at least 450 mm deep at knee level and at least 650 mm deep at leg level.

Its design must ensure: the width and depth of the seat surface is at least 400 mm; seat surface with rounded front edge; adjustment of the height of the seat surface within 400 - 500 mm and tilt angle forward up to 15 and backward up to 5 degrees; the height of the back support surface is 300 ± 20 mm, the width is at least 380 mm and the radius of curvature of the horizontal plane is 400 mm; the backrest tilt angle in the vertical plane is within 0 + 30 degrees; adjustment of the distance of the backrest from the front edge of the seat within 260 - 400 mm; stationary or removable armrests with a length of at least 250 mm and a width of 50 - 70 mm; adjustment of the armrests in height above the seat within 230 ± 30 mm and the internal distance between the armrests within 350 - 500 mm.

The student's workplace must be equipped with a footrest with a width of at least 300 mm, a depth of at least 400 mm, height adjustment up to 150 mm and an inclination angle of the supporting surface of the stand up to 20 degrees. The surface of the stand should be corrugated and have a rim 10 mm high along the front edge.

When organizing workplaces, the following should be provided: a space in depth of at least 850 mm; foot space with a depth and height of at least 150 mm and a width of at least 530 mm; arrangement of information input/output devices ensuring optimal screen visibility; location of the VDT, computer and PC screens in the working area, ensuring convenient visual observation in the vertical plane. The keyboard should be placed on the table surface at a distance of 100 - 300 mm from the edge facing the user, or on a special, height-adjustable work surface separated from the main table top.

8.3.3 Requirements for the organization of work and rest when studying on a PC

Training and rest modes should be organized depending on the type and category of educational activity. Types of educational activities are divided into 3 groups: group A - reading information from the screen of VDT, computer and personal computer with a preliminary request; group B - information input; Group B - creative work in dialogue mode with a computer. When using combined training, the type of training that takes up at least 50% of the time during a training session should be taken as a basis.

For types of work activities, 3 categories of severity and intensity of work with VDT, computers and personal computers are established, which are determined: for group A - by the total number of characters read per session, but not more than 60,000 characters per session; for group B - according to the total number of characters read or entered per session, but not more than 40,000 characters per session; for group B - according to the total time of direct work with VDT, computers and personal computers per session, but not more than 6 hours per session.

To ensure optimal performance and maintain the health of users, scheduled breaks should be established throughout the training session.

The time of regulated breaks should be set depending on the duration of the training session, the type and category of educational activity (Table 8.4).

Table 8.4 Time of regulated breaks

Work category of VDT, computer and personal computer	Load level per work shift for types of work with VDT			Total time of regulated breaks, min
Work category of VDT, computer and personal computer	group A number of signs	group B number of signs	group B, hour	at 8 hour shift	at 12 hour shift
I	up to 20000	up to 15000	up to 2.0	30	70
II	up to 40000	up to 30000	up to 4.0	50	90
III	up to 60000	up to 40000	up to 6.0	70	120
Note. If actual working conditions do not comply with the requirements of these rules, the time of regulated breaks should be increased by 30%.

The duration of continuous work with VDT without a regulated break should not exceed 2 hours. When working with VDTs, computers and personal computers at night (from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.), regardless of the category and type of work activity, the duration of regulated breaks should increase by 60 minutes.

When working on VDTs, computers and personal computers for 8 hours, regulated breaks should be set:

for category II - 2 hours from the start of the session and 1.5-2 hours after a lunch break lasting 15 minutes each or lasting 10 minutes every hour of training;

for category III - 1.5-2 hours from the start of the session and 1.5-2 hours after a lunch break lasting 20 minutes each or lasting 15 minutes every hour of training.

With a 12-hour session, regulated breaks should be established in the first 8 hours of work similar to breaks in an 8-hour session, and during the last 4 hours of work, regardless of the category and type of work, every hour lasting 15 minutes.

During regulated breaks, in order to reduce neuro-emotional tension, fatigue of the visual analyzer, eliminate the influence of physical inactivity and hypokinesia, and prevent the development of postural fatigue, it is advisable to perform sets of exercises.

In order to reduce the negative impact of monotony, it is advisable to use alternating operations of meaningful text and numerical data (changing the content of the work), alternating editing texts and entering data (changing the content of the work).

In cases where visual discomfort and other unfavorable subjective sensations occur in those working with VDTs, computers and personal computers, despite compliance with sanitary-hygienic, ergonomic requirements, work and rest regimes, an individual approach should be applied to limiting work time, correcting the duration of rest breaks or change of activity to another.

Women from the time of pregnancy and during breastfeeding are not recommended to undergo training on a PC. The design of the VDT and PC must provide the exposure dose rate of X-ray radiation at any point at a distance of 0.05 m from the screen and body of the VDT at any position of the control devices.

The analysis showed that, in general, working conditions at the facility under study correspond to the standards. It is required to reduce the noise level by 5 dB, which can be achieved by using sound-absorbing materials. By fulfilling the requirements for organizing the work and rest regime when studying using a PC, it is possible to ensure the safety and health of students using the developed software product.

8.1.3. Workplaces with VDTs and PCs in the halls of electronic computers or in rooms with sources of harmful production factors should be located in isolated cabins with organized air exchange.

8.1.4. Window openings in rooms where VDTs and PCs are used must be equipped with adjustable devices such as blinds, curtains (clause 6.5), external canopies, etc.

8.1.6. Cabinets, safes, racks for storing disks, floppy disks, components, spare VDT and PC units, tools should be located in utility rooms, for educational institutions - in laboratory assistants.

The type of work chair (chair) should be selected depending on the nature and duration of work with VDTs and PCs, taking into account the height of the user.

8.1.12. The surface of the seat, back and other elements of the chair (armchair) should be semi-soft, with a non-slip, non-electrifying and breathable coating, ensuring easy cleaning from dirt.

8.1.14. In rooms with VDTs and PCs, wet cleaning should be carried out daily.

8.1.15. Premises with VDTs and PCs must be equipped with a first aid kit and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.

8.2. Requirements for the organization and equipment of workplaces

with VDT and PC for adult users

8.2.1. The height of the working surface of the table for adult users should be adjusted within 680 - 800 mm; If this is not possible, the height of the working surface of the table should be 725 mm.