The spiritual life of society is an area of ​​existence in which objective reality is given to people not in the form of opposing objective activity, but as a reality present in the person himself, which is an integral part of his personality. an area of ​​existence in which objective reality is given to people not in the form of opposing objective activity, but as a reality present in the person himself, which is an integral part of his personality.

Definition of the concept 1. The word “Culture” (from the Latin Cultura - cultivation, upbringing, education) in the broadest sense means everything created by man - this is a “second nature” created by man 2. “Culture” - all types of transformative human activity, as well as its results are a set of material and spiritual values ​​created by man

In connection with the existence of two types of activity, material and spiritual, two main spheres of existence and development of culture can be distinguished: Material culture Spiritual culture

Features Material culture Associated with the production and development of objects of the material world, with changes in the physical nature of man: material and technical means of labor, communication, cultural and social facilities, production experience, skills of people, etc. Spiritual culture The set of spiritual values ​​and creative activities in their production, development and application: science, art, religion, morality, politics, law, etc.

Functions of culture Cognitive. Formation of a holistic idea of ​​the people, country, era. Estimated. Implementation of differentiation of values, enrichment of traditions. Regulatory (normative). Formation of a system of norms and requirements of society for all individuals in all areas of life and activity (standards of morality, law, behavior).

Functions of culture: Informative. Carrying out the transfer and exchange of knowledge, values ​​and experience of previous generations. Communicative. Preservation, transfer and replication of cultural values; development and improvement of personality through communication. Socialization. Assimilation by an individual of a system of knowledge, norms, values, accustoming to social roles, normative behavior. Assimilation by an individual of a system of knowledge, norms, values, accustoming to social roles, normative behavior.

Forms of culture Elite - created by a privileged part of society, or at its request by professional creators. Folk - created by anonymous creators who have no professional training (myths, legends, epics, fairy tales, songs, dances). Mass is a concept used to characterize modern cultural production and consumption (concert and pop music, pop culture, without distinction of classes, nations, level of material wealth, standardization of culture).

Varieties of culture Subculture is part of the general culture, a system of values ​​inherent in a certain group (gender and age: women's, children's, youth, etc.; professional: scientific community, modern business, etc.; leisure (according to preferred activities in free time); religious; ethnic ; criminal).

Subcultures based on fans of various genres of music: Goths, fans of gothic rock and gothic metal, Gothic rock, gothic metal, Junglists, fans of jungle and drum and bass. Trancerstrans Metalists fans of metal and its varieties Metalists Punks fans of punk rock Punkypunk rock Rastafarians fans of reggae (see also Rastafarianism) Rastafarianreggae Rastafarianism Ravers fans of rave, dance music and discos Ravers Rappers fans of rap and hip-hop Rappers of hip-hop Emo fans of emo and post-hardcore Emoemopost-hardcore

The influence of mass culture on the spiritual life of society Positive Establishes simple and understandable ideas about the human world, which allows many people to better navigate the modern, rapidly changing world. Her works do not act as a means of the author’s self-expression, but are directly addressed to the viewer, taking into account his needs. It is distinguished by its democracy (its “products” are used by representatives of different social groups), which corresponds to our time. It has its peaks in literary, musical, and cinematic works, which in essence can be classified as "high" art

The influence of mass culture on the spiritual life of society Negative Reduces the general level of spiritual culture of society, since it panders to the undemanding tastes of the “mass person.” Leads to standardization and unification of not only the way of life, but also the way of thinking of millions of people Designed for passive consumption, since it does not stimulate any creative impulses in the spiritual sphere Plants myths in the minds of people (“the myth of Cinderella”, “the myth of a simple guy”, etc.) d.) Forms artificial needs in people through massive advertising

Task 1 1. All forms and directions of culture are closely related to each other. Products of elite culture may well become part of mass culture. Mass and folk cultures are also interconnected. Illustrate with any three examples the relationship and interaction between different forms of culture. (Write the relationship illustrated first, then the specific example.)

Task 3 3. One of the lessons in 10th grade was held at an exhibition in a historical museum. The schoolchildren were shown lace, fabrics, and clothes made by peasant women for holidays, everyday life, and special events, as well as clay animal figurines in the form of whistles made at home. Guess what form of culture the exhibited works belong to, and indicate by what criteria this can be determined. Name any two characteristics of this form of culture that are not reflected in the condition.

Science as a component of culture Science is a sphere of creative activity aimed at obtaining, justifying, systematizing and evaluating new knowledge about nature, society, and man. Science is a specific social institution, consisting of a system of research institutions, associations, centers, scientific activities of scientists

Features: The principle of objectivity, i.e. studying the world as it is, regardless of man. The result obtained should not depend on opinions, passions, or authorities. Rationalistic validity. Systematic knowledge (scientific knowledge is expressed in the form of a theory or an expanded theoretical concept). Verifiability using various methods of scientific knowledge.

Empirical knowledge theoretical knowledge observation and experiment scientific modeling, analogy, abstraction, in contrast to observation during an experiment, a researcher can isolate an object of interest, subject it to special influences, the model is a scientific hypothesis, that is, an assumption, a guess Methods of scientific knowledge

Empirical knowledge deals with facts, as well as with laws that are established as a result of generalizations and systematization of the results of observations and experiments; theoretical knowledge deals with abstract scientific laws, as well as objects that cannot be directly observed, for example, electrons, genes Law Archimedes Law of universal gravitation, laws of heredity Levels of scientific knowledge

Functions of science Cultural and ideological Direct productive force of society (involvement in production, catalyst for the process of improving production Social function (science data is used to develop plans and programs for social and economic development)

Features (principles) of education humanization - the needs and interests of the child, humanistic values ​​and ideals 2. humanitarization - increasing the number of humanitarian subjects 3. internationalization - the formation of a unified education system for different countries, interconnection and partnership of different education systems

Levels of education General education preschool education primary general education basic general education secondary (complete) general education additional education for children Professional education primary vocational education secondary vocational education higher vocational education bachelor's degree Master's degree Postgraduate vocational education Postgraduate vocational education Doctoral studies Advanced training Second higher education Retraining Professional training

Religion (lat. Religae - to bind) Religion is a system of teachings, beliefs and religious actions associated with a person’s faith in God and supernatural forces. Religion is a social institution. The essence of religion is Faith in God - the realization of what is expected and confidence in the unseen.

Functions of religion Worldview - creating a religious picture of the world Compensatory, relieving social and mental stress, helps a person overcome powerlessness, suffering, illness Educational, preaching high moral values ​​and norms and calling a person to decent behavior Communicative, promoting rapprochement and communication between believers

Classification Primary forms of religion: totemism, fetishism, animism, magic National religions: Judaism, Hinduism, Shintoism World religions: Buddhism, Christianity. Islam

World religion is a religion that has spread among the peoples of different countries and continents. For a religion to be considered world, it must satisfy the following criteria proposed by UNESCO: 1. the unification of a large community of people 2. the presence of followers in many countries and among different peoples

Morality is a set of norms approved by public opinion that determine the relationships of people in society, their responsibilities to each other and to society. It is based on the Authority of public opinion. Moral beliefs of the individual. Basic moral concepts: good, evil, duty, conscience, humanism. The golden rule of morality: act towards others as you would treat yourself Morality as a component of culture

Like science, art seeks to identify the significant properties of objects and phenomena, but presents these characteristics in the form of specific sensory-visual images. An artistic image is a sensory recreation of life by the author. Art is a sphere of spiritual and practical activity that is aimed at artistic comprehension and mastery of the world. Craftsmanship Creative activity Works of art Art as a component of culture

Literature on the topic History of world culture. M., 1998 (edited by Drach G.V.) Culturology in questions and answers M., Torchinov E.A. Religions of the world. M, Dobrokhotov A.L., Kalinkin A.T. Culturology. M.: Publishing House "Forum": Infra-M, 2010.

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Culture is the most important element that determines the sphere of spiritual life. Translated from Latin, the word “culture” means “cultivation”, “development”, “education”, “upbringing”, “veneration”. In Ancient Rome, culture was understood primarily as the cultivation of land. In a meaning close to the modern understanding, this word was first used in the 1st century. BC. Roman philosopher and orator Cicero. In the 17th century, it began to be widely used in its own meaning, meaning everything that is invented by man. In the 18th century, for Europeans, culture acquired a spiritual, or rather, aristocratic connotation.

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Culture is a rather polysemantic concept. In S.I. Ozhegov’s dictionary, culture is understood as the totality of industrial, social and spiritual achievements of people. Culture is a complex that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morality, laws, customs, as well as other abilities and skills acquired by man as a member of society. Culture – 1) a set of artificial objects created by man in the process of exploration and transformation of nature; 2) the totality of human achievements in socio-economic, political and spiritual life; 3) level, degree of development of any branch of knowledge or activity; 4) characteristics of individual historical eras, ethnic groups or nations; 5) level, degree of development of a person as a member of society.

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Elite culture, also called high culture, is created by the privileged part of society or commissioned by professional creators. It is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared to perceive works that are complex in form and content. The motto of elite culture is “art for art’s sake.” Elite culture includes the novels of J. Joyce, M. Proust, painting by M. Chagall, P. Picasso, music by A. Schnittke, A. Schoenberg, S. Gubaidulina, films by A.A. Tarkovsky, A. Kurosawa.

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Unlike elite culture, folk culture is created by anonymous creators who have no professional training. Folk culture is called amateur or collective. It includes myths, legends, tales, epics, fairy tales, songs and dances. Her works are rarely written down; more often they are passed on by word of mouth. According to their execution, elements of folk culture can be individual, group, or mass. Folklore is another name for folk art.

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Mass culture, also called public culture, does not express the refined tastes of the aristocracy or the spiritual quest of the people. Its products, such as music, cinema, television talk shows, pop art, primitive kitsch in the form of comics, melodramas, pop hits, soap operas, mass fashion, are created by individual methods on a mass scale for sale. The purpose of their creation is commercial profit. The time of emergence of mass culture was the mid-20th century, when the media penetrated most countries of the world. It is understandable and accessible to all ages, all segments of the population, regardless of level of education. Mass culture has less artistic value than elite or folk culture. But it has the widest audience.

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Subculture is a part of the general culture, a system of values, traditions, and customs inherent in a large social group. This is the culture of individual social groups. There are several types of subculture: youth, elderly, professional, criminal, etc. A special case is a national subculture. Counterculture is the belonging of various groups of people who deny existing cultural values ​​in a deliberately defiant manner. Their protest takes various forms: from passive to extremist and is based on a variety of political ideologies.

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Culture has 6 main functions.1) Cognitive - a holistic view of a people, country, era.2) Evaluative - selection of values, enrichment of traditions.3) Regulatory (normative) - a system of norms and requirements of society for all members in all areas of life and activities (standards of morality, law, behavior) 4) Informative - transfer and exchange of knowledge, values ​​and experience of previous generations.

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5) Communicative – the ability to preserve, transmit and replicate cultural values; development and improvement of the individual through communication.6) Socialization - the individual’s assimilation of a system of knowledge, norms, values, accustoming to social roles, normative behavior, the desire for self-improvement.

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The word religion comes from the Latin religio (in translation - binding, re-turning to something, in a figurative sense - a connection connecting a person with a deity). Today, religion has many meanings. Religion is a worldview and attitude, as well as the corresponding behavior based on belief in the existence of God or gods, the supernatural. Religion is a set of moral principles that regulate the lifestyle and behavior of people who share this belief. The basis of any religion is belief in the supernatural and the belief that human life depends on it.

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All religions are divided into: Archaic polytheistic - totemism, animism, fetishism. World monotheistic - Christianity, Buddhism, Islam. In addition to the three listed world religions, there is Judaism - a monotheistic religion professed by Jews; Hinduism is one of the largest religions in the world in terms of the number of believers (in India, 95% of believers are Hindus)

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Polytheistic religions can be considered the most ancient cultural complexes. Totemism is the worship of an animal or plant as one’s mythical ancestor and protector. Fetishism is the worship of inanimate objects endowed with supernatural properties. A type of fetishism is idolatry. Has an idol as the main object of veneration, worship and service. Animism is the belief in the existence of spirits and souls or the universal spirituality of nature.

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In world religions, faith is a complex cultural complex that includes an object of faith, a doctrine of faith, religious practice, doctrine and other elements. In the 1st century AD. Christianity is born in Palestine. His God is no longer just one, but generally the only one and is the God of not just one people, but of all people in general, he is the creator of the world. At the center of Christianity is faith in Jesus Christ as the God-man, the Savior of the world, who united in himself two natures: human and divine. He is the embodiment of the 2nd person of the Triune God - God the Father, God the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The Trinity is one of the main tenets of Christianity. The main source of doctrine is the Bible, consisting of two parts - the Old Testament (which is the Holy Scripture in both Christianity and Judaism) and the New Testament (recognized only in Christianity).

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Buddhism is the oldest of the world's religions. It was founded in the 4th-5th centuries. BC. The founder is considered to be Sidhartha Guatama. The object of worship of this faith is the Buddha. The word itself means enlightened. According to tradition, Buddha, in the process of meditation, saw how a being was reborn in the past, present, and future. And as a result, he formulated 4 “noble truths of Buddhism”, which he set out in the 1st Benores Sermon: 1) life is suffering. 2) the causes of suffering - passions, human desires. 3) to get rid of passions, you need to get rid of desires by achieving nirvana. Nirvana is the state of no suffering. The essence of nirvana is considered to be withdrawal from the world, passions, Desires; absolute impermeability to desires and passions. 4) the path leading to nirvana is the eightfold path of salvation.

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The latest world religion to emerge is Islam, or Islam. Islam arose in Arabia in the 7th century. Its founder and prophet was Muhammad. Islam developed under the significant influence of Christianity and Judaism. The main principles of Islam are set out in the holy book of Muslims, the Koran. The main responsibilities of Muslim believers are: 1) daily prayer five times a day. 2) fasting in the month of Ramadan (Uraza). 3) obligatory charity. 4) pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj).

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Art has 9 main functions: Socially transformative - having an ideological and aesthetic impact on people, includes them in targeted activities to transform society. 2) Consoling-compensatory - restoration in the sphere of the spirit of harmony lost by a person in reality. With its harmony, art contributes to the preservation and restoration of the mental balance of the individual.3) Artistic-conceptual - the ability to analyze the state of the surrounding world.4) Anticipation - the ability to anticipate the future.5) Educational - the formation of the personality, feelings and thoughts of people.

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6) Suggestive - influence on the subconscious of people, on the human psyche. 7) Aesthetic - the ability to shape the aesthetic tastes and needs of a person. 8) Hedonistic - the special, spiritual nature of art, designed to give people pleasure. 9) Cognitive-heuristic - reflects the cognitive role of art and is expressed in his ability to reflect and master those aspects of life that are difficult for science to access.

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Education is one of the ways to develop a personality by acquiring knowledge, acquiring skills and abilities to develop mental, cognitive and creative abilities through a system of social institutions such as family, school, and the media. Education is a purposeful process of upbringing and training in the interests of a person, society, state. This focus consists of: the gradual formation, accessible to students of various ages, of a system of scientific knowledge about the most important phenomena of the real world, as well as skills and abilities of cognitive and practical activities;

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2) In the preparation of not only educated, but also moral people. 3) In the transfer and formation of the experience of creative activity, which presupposes, in particular, dynamism, constructiveness, the ability to make decisions in a situation of choice. 4) In the formation of civic responsibility, legal self-awareness, spirituality and culture, a sense of love for the Motherland, responsibility for its fate. The basis of education is school. In Rus', the first schools appeared more than a thousand years ago in Kyiv. A school is a primary type of educational institution. In the 19th century, the gymnasium became a common type of school.

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Science – 1) a specific form of human activity that provides new knowledge about nature, society, thinking, develops ways and means of developing the cognitive process, testing, systematizing and disseminating the acquired knowledge; 2) the process of constructing a systemic image of reality; 3) a system of theoretical knowledge about nature, society and thinking, characterized by the desire for an objective explanation of the essence of phenomena and processes. The main function of science is the development and theoretical systematization of objective knowledge about reality. The purpose of scientific activity is to obtain new knowledge.

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All sciences are conventionally divided into natural, social, humanitarian and technical. Sociology, psychology, economics, political science, as well as anthropology and ethnography belong to the social sciences. They have a lot in common, they are closely related and form a kind of scientific union. Adjacent to it is a group of other related disciplines: philosophy, history, art history, literary criticism. They are classified as humanitarian knowledge. Physics, chemistry, biology belong to a number of natural fundamental sciences; they reveal the structure of the material world. Radioelectronics, biotechnology and polymer chemistry are technical disciplines.

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A university is a higher educational and scientific institution where specialists are trained in fundamental and many applied sciences, various sectors of the national economy and culture. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) is rightfully considered one of the best universities in the country - the largest higher education institution, one of the centers of world science. Founded in 1755 on the initiative of M.V. Lomonosov and Count I.I. Shuvalov.

The spiritual sphere of society

Completed by: Fed I.N.

Social studies teacher

The spiritual sphere is the sphere of people’s relations regarding various spiritual values: their creation, dissemination and assimilation by all layers of society.

Spiritual values ​​include moral norms and moral ideals, traditions, customs, religious norms, works of painting, music, literature and other forms of art, as well as scientific knowledge and theories.

What is culture?

Translated from Latin, the word “culture” means “cultivation”, “development”.

Culture– human activity and its results.

Culture

Material culture includes everything created by human hands (steam engine, books, tools, residential buildings, etc.)

Spiritual (intangible) culture form: norms and rules of behavior, laws, values, ceremonies, rituals, myths, knowledge, ideas, etc.

• Art reflects the world in artistic images.
• The science designed to discover new knowledge, create advanced technologies, space station projects, decipher ancient texts, describe the laws of the universe, etc.
• Thanks to education(and self-education) knowledge is passed on to next generations.

• Christianity;
• Islam;
• Buddhism.

Manners- generally accepted, highly respected, especially protected by society, patterns of behavior that can be considered rules of proper and proper behavior.

• Explain the meaning of the following concepts: “culture”, “mores”.
• How does material culture differ from spiritual culture? Give examples.
• What does spiritual culture consist of? Who is involved in its creation?

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Culture

Lat. cultura – cultivation, processing.

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Material and spiritual culture

• Material culture is a set of physical objects created by human hands, the result is things (artifacts).
• Spiritual culture is the process of spiritual creativity and its results: scientific discoveries, works of art, moral values, etc., the result is symbols.

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The spiritual sphere of social life, grade 10

Teacher of history and social studies MBOU "Lyceum of Yurga" Sazanskaya Yu.A.

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Spiritual life of society

an area of ​​existence in which objective reality is given to people not in the form of opposing objective activity, but as a reality present in the person himself, which is an integral part of his personality.

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Definition of the concept

1. The word “Culture” (from Latin Cultura - cultivation, upbringing, education) in the broadest sense means everything created by man - this is a “second nature” created by man 2. “Culture” - all types of transformative human activity, as well as its results - a set of material and spiritual values ​​created by man

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In connection with the existence of two types of activity - material and spiritual - two main spheres of the existence and development of culture can be distinguished.

Material culture Spiritual culture

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Peculiarities

Material culture Associated with the production and development of objects of the material world, with changes in the physical nature of man: material and technical means of labor, communication, cultural and social facilities, production experience, skills, people’s skills, etc. Spiritual culture The set of spiritual values ​​and creative activities based on them production, development and application: science, art, religion, morality, politics, law, etc.

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Functions of culture

Cognitive. Formation of a holistic idea of ​​the people, country, era. Estimated. Implementation of differentiation of values, enrichment of traditions. Regulatory (normative). Formation of a system of norms and requirements of society for all individuals in all areas of life and activity (standards of morality, law, behavior).

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Informative. Carrying out the transfer and exchange of knowledge, values ​​and experience of previous generations. Communicative. Preservation, transfer and replication of cultural values; development and improvement of personality through communication. Socialization. Assimilation by an individual of a system of knowledge, norms, values, accustoming to social roles, normative behavior.

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The structure of the spiritual life of society

Spiritual needs. Spiritual activity (spiritual production). Spiritual benefits (values).

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Forms of culture

Elite - created by a privileged part of society, or at its request by professional creators. Folk - created by anonymous creators who have no professional training (myths, legends, epics, fairy tales, songs, dances). Mass is a concept used to characterize modern cultural production and consumption (concert and pop music, pop culture, without distinction of classes, nations, level of material wealth, standardization of culture).

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Varieties of culture

Subculture is part of the general culture, a system of values ​​inherent in a certain group (gender and age: women’s, children’s, youth, etc.; professional: scientific community, modern business, etc.; leisure (according to preferred activities in free time); religious; ethnic; criminal ).

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Subcultures based on fans of various genres of music:

Goths are fans of gothic rock and gothic metal. Jungleists are fans of jungle and drum and bass. Trancers are fans of the trance style of electronic music. Metalheads - fans of metal and its varieties Punks - fans of punk rock Rastafarian - fans of reggae (see also Rastafarianism) Ravers - fans of rave, dance music and discos Rappers - fans of rap and hip-hop Emo - fans of emo and post-hardcore

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Image subcultures distinguished by style of clothing and behavior

Cyber ​​Goths Fashion Nudists Hipsters Teddy Boys Military Freaks

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The influence of mass culture on the spiritual life of society

Positive Affirms simple and understandable ideas about the world of people, which allows many people to better navigate the modern, rapidly changing world. Her works do not act as a means of the author’s self-expression, but are directly addressed to the viewer, taking into account his needs. It is characterized by democracy (its “products” are used by representatives of different social groups), which corresponds to our time. It has its peaks - literary, musical, cinematic works, which are already in essence can be classified as “high” art

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Exercise 1

1. All forms and directions of culture are closely related to each other. Products of elite culture may well become part of mass culture. Mass and folk cultures are also interconnected. Illustrate with any three examples the relationship and interaction between different forms of culture. (Write the relationship illustrated first, then the specific example.)

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Task 2

2. What form of culture can ballet be classified as? Name any three distinctive features of ballet by which you determined this.

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Task 3

3. One of the lessons in 10th grade was held at an exhibition in a historical museum. The schoolchildren were shown lace, fabrics, and clothes made by peasant women for holidays, everyday life, and special events, as well as clay animal figurines in the form of whistles made at home. Guess what form of culture the exhibited works belong to, and indicate by what criteria this can be determined. Name any two characteristics of this form of culture that are not reflected in the condition.

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Science as a component of culture

Science is a field of creative activity aimed at obtaining, justifying, systematizing and evaluating new knowledge about nature, society, and man. Science is a specific social institution, consisting of a system of research institutions, associations, centers, scientific activities of scientists

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Peculiarities:

The principle of objectivity, i.e. studying the world as it is, regardless of man. The result obtained should not depend on opinions, passions, or authorities. Rationalistic validity. Systematic knowledge (scientific knowledge is expressed in the form of a theory or an expanded theoretical concept). Verifiability using various methods of scientific knowledge.

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Functions of science

Cultural and worldview Direct productive force of society (involvement in production, catalyst for the process of improving production Social function (science data is used to develop plans and programs for social and economic development)

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Education as a component of culture

Education is a purposeful process of upbringing, training and development of a person in the interests of society and the state

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Features (principles) of education

humanization - the needs and interests of the child, humanistic values ​​and ideals 2. humanitarization - increasing the number of humanitarian subjects 3. internationalization - the formation of a unified education system for different countries, interconnection and partnership of different education systems

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Religion (lat. Religae - to bind)

Religion is a system of teachings, beliefs and religious activities associated with a person’s faith in God and supernatural forces. Religion is a social institution

The essence of religion is Faith in God - the realization of what is expected and the certainty of what is unseen.

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