Anseriform, or lamellar-beaked (_la. Anseriformes) - a detachment of new-palatine birds, in which, along with such familiar birds as geese, ducks, swans, more exotic families, such as the Palamedes from South America, are also included. Anseriformes are a very common detachment and play big role in the biosphere of the temperate latitudes of the Earth. Some species of anseriformes are also of agricultural importance.

Characteristic

In the order Anseriformes there are birds of large and medium size. The largest representative of the detachment is the mute swan, reaching 13 kg in weight. The smallest is the teal whistle, which weighs about 200-300 g. As a rule, anseriformes have a weighty body and a relatively small head located on a long neck. With the exception of the Palamedes, the beak is broad and flat, and often has a hardened tip at the tip to facilitate plucking of foliage and plant material. On the sides, the edges of the beak are serrated and form a kind of sieve that allows you to filter edible particles from the water. They are especially developed in mergansers, which, thanks to these teeth, can hold the caught fish in their beak.

A characteristic sign of anseriformes are the membranes between the three forward-pointing toes, which are important for movement in the water. They have, however, almost disappeared from the palameeds and the half-fingered goose ("Anseranas semipalmata"). The plumage is waterproof and in many species is variegated, especially in males. Birds devote a lot of time to caring for plumage. It is lubricated with a waterproof secret secreted by special glands on the skin of the animal, which are stimulated by the touch of the beak. During molting, in most species, old feathers fall out almost simultaneously and immediately. At this time, birds are not able to fly, and to protect themselves from enemies, males show only a very discreet coloration. Thermal insulation is provided by a thick layer of fluff, as well as a subcutaneous layer of fat.

Most anseriformes are excellent flyers, they have a fast flight with frequent wingbeats. At the same time, the feathers on the wings vibrate, making a sound characteristic of each species. The mountain goose ("Anser indicus"), a representative of this family, is the highest flying bird in the world. Being migratory birds, many species cover distances of many thousands of kilometers. The wings of anseriformes are medium in size, pointed. On the ground, most anseriformes, with the exception of geese and geese, do not walk very well, rolling from side to side. They swim and dive very well. Anseriformes spend about 3 minutes under water and dive to a depth of 40 meters. Under water, they move with the help of paws, some species also use wings.

Spreading

Basically, anseriformes live near water bodies, in particular near swamps and lakes, in estuaries and in coastal regions. Many species spend most of their lives on the high seas and only return to land to nest. Representatives of this order are distributed on all continents, with the exception of Antarctica. Most various kinds Anseriformes can be found in the tropics of South America, Africa and Australia.

Nutrition

Some anseriformes feed on animal food - fish, crustaceans, aquatic mollusks, etc. Most search for food on the water surface or near it. There are, however, species that dive deeper for aquatic plants. Geese and palamedeas also feed on land, where they nibble on grass. They regularly swallow small pebbles, which in their muscular stomach help to grind food, and then are excreted along with the droppings.

reproduction

Most representatives of the order are monogamous, in some species couples are formed for life, and both parents take part in raising offspring. However, in most species of anseriformes, pairs are formed only for one season, and the male does not take any part in incubation and feeding of the chicks. Anseriform nests are located near water bodies, in coastal thickets, bushes and reeds, some nest in hollows, in earthen burrows or on islands. As a rule, the inside of the nest is lined with down, which the female pulls out from her abdomen. In clutch from 2 to 15 eggs, usually more than five. Eggs are monochromatic, often white or greenish. Incubation lasts more than 25 days. The hatched chicks are already covered with fluff and after a few hours they are able to run, swim and even feed on their own. The female, less often both parents look after them and selflessly protect them in case of danger. Chicks begin to fly at the age of about 2 months, in large species by 3.5-4 months. Sexual maturity occurs in the second or third year of life.

Systematics

Anseriformes include three families:

* semi-fingered geese ("Anseranatidae")

* duck ("Anatidae")

* Palamedei ("Anhimidae")

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Anseriformes, or lamellar-billed (_la. Anseriformes) - a detachment of new-palatine birds, in which, along with such familiar birds as geese, ducks, swans, more exotic families, such as the Palamedes from South America, are also included. Anseriformes are a very common order and play an important role in the biosphere of the temperate latitudes of the Earth. Some species of anseriformes are also of agricultural importance.

Characteristic

In the order Anseriformes there are birds of large and medium size. The largest representative of the detachment is the mute swan, reaching 13 kg of weight. The smallest is the teal whistle, which weighs about 200-300 g. As a rule, anseriformes have a weighty body and a relatively small head located on a long neck. With the exception of the Palamedes, the beak is broad and flat, and often has a hardened tip at the tip to facilitate plucking of foliage and plant material. On the sides, the edges of the beak are serrated and form a kind of sieve that allows you to filter edible particles from the water. They are especially developed in mergansers, which, thanks to these teeth, can hold the caught fish in their beak.

A characteristic sign of anseriformes are the membranes between the three forward-pointing toes, which are important for movement in the water. They, however, have almost disappeared in the palameeds and the half-fingered goose ("Anseranas semipalmata"). The plumage is waterproof and in many species is variegated, especially in males. Birds devote a lot of time to caring for plumage. It is lubricated with a waterproof secret secreted by special glands on the skin of the animal, which are stimulated by the touch of the beak. During molting, in most species, old feathers fall out almost simultaneously and immediately. At this time, birds are not able to fly, and to protect themselves from enemies, males show only a very discreet coloration. Thermal insulation is provided by a thick layer of fluff, as well as a subcutaneous layer of fat.

Most anseriformes are excellent flyers, they have a fast flight with frequent wingbeats. At the same time, the feathers on the wings vibrate, making a sound characteristic of each species. The representative of this family is the mountain goose (“Anser indicus”), the highest flying bird in the world. As migratory birds, many species cover distances of many thousands of kilometers. The wings of anseriformes are medium in size, pointed. On the ground, most anseriformes, with the exception of geese and geese, do not walk very well, rolling from side to side. They swim and dive very well. Anseriformes spend about 3 minutes under water and dive to a depth of 40 meters. Under water, they move with the help of paws, some species also use wings.

Spreading

Basically, anseriformes live near water bodies, in particular near swamps and lakes, in estuaries and in coastal regions. Many species spend most of their lives on the high seas and only return to land to nest. Representatives of this order are distributed on all continents, with the exception of Antarctica. Most different species of anseriformes can be found in the tropics of South America, Africa and Australia.

Nutrition

Some anseriformes feed on animal food - fish, crustaceans, aquatic mollusks, etc. Most search for food on the water surface or near it. There are, however, species that dive deeper for aquatic plants. Geese and palamedeas also feed on land, where they nibble on grass. They regularly swallow small pebbles, which in their muscular stomach help to grind food, and then are excreted along with the droppings.

reproduction

Most representatives of the order are monogamous, in some species couples are formed for life, and both parents take part in raising offspring. However, in most species of anseriformes, pairs are formed only for one season, and the male does not take any part in incubation and feeding of the chicks. Anseriform nests are located near water bodies, in coastal thickets, bushes and reeds, some nest in hollows, in earthen burrows or on islands. As a rule, the inside of the nest is lined with down, which the female pulls out from her abdomen. In clutch from 2 to 15 eggs, usually more than five. Eggs are monochromatic, often white or greenish. Incubation lasts more than 25 days. The hatched chicks are already covered with fluff and after a few hours they are able to run, swim and even feed on their own. The female, less often both parents look after them and selflessly protect them in case of danger. Chicks begin to fly at the age of about 2 months, in large species by 3.5-4 months. Sexual maturity occurs in the second or third year of life.

Systematics

Anseriformes include three families:

* semi-fingered geese ("Anseranatidae ")

* ducks (“Anatidae”)

* Palamedei ("Anhimidae")

Anseriformes wagler,

anseriformes, or lamellar-beaked(lat. Anseriformes) - a detachment of neo-palatine birds, in which, along with such familiar birds as geese, ducks, swans, more exotic families are also composed, such as, for example, palmedes from South America. Anseriformes are a very common order and play a large role in the biosphere of the temperate latitudes of the Earth. Some species of anseriformes are also of agricultural importance.

Characteristic

In the order Anseriformes there are birds of large and medium size. The largest representative of the order is mute swan, reaching 13 kg of weight. The smallest is the teal whistle, which weighs about 200-300 g. As a rule, anseriformes have a weighty body and a relatively small head located on a long neck. With the exception of the Palamedes, the beak is broad and flat, and often has a hardened tip at the tip to facilitate plucking of foliage and plant material. On the sides of the edge of the beak, toothed plates form a kind of sieve that allows you to filter edible particles from the water. They are especially developed in mergansers, which, thanks to these teeth, can hold the caught fish in their beak.

A characteristic sign of anseriformes are the membranes between the three forward-pointing toes, which are important for movement in the water. However, they have almost disappeared in the Palamedes and the half-fingered goose ( Anseranas semipalmata), which live on land and almost never go into the water. The plumage is waterproof and in many species is variegated, especially in males. Birds devote a lot of time to caring for plumage. It is lubricated with a waterproof secret secreted by special glands on the skin of the animal, which are stimulated by the touch of the beak. During molting, in most species, old feathers fall out almost simultaneously and immediately. At this time, birds are not able to fly, and to protect themselves from enemies, males show only a very discreet coloration. Thermal insulation is provided by a thick layer of down, as well as a subcutaneous layer of fat.

Most anseriformes are excellent flyers, they have a fast flight with frequent wingbeats. At the same time, the feathers on the wings vibrate, making a sound characteristic of each species. The representative of this family is mountain goose ( Anser indicus) is the highest flying bird in the world. It can rise to a height of up to 10,000 m. Being migratory birds, many species cover distances of many thousands of kilometers. The wings of anseriformes are medium in size, pointed. On the ground, most anseriformes, with the exception of geese and goose, do not walk very well, waddling from side to side. They swim and dive very well. Anseriformes spend about 3 minutes under water and dive to a depth of 40 meters. Under water, they move with the help of paws, some species also use wings.

Spreading

Basically, anseriformes live near water bodies, in particular near swamps and lakes, in estuaries and in coastal regions. Many species spend most of their lives on the high seas and only return to land to nest. Representatives of this order are distributed on all continents, with the exception of Antarctica. Most of the various species of anseriformes can be found in the tropics of South America, Africa and Australia.

Nutrition

Geese in the pasture

Some anseriformes feed on animal food - fish, crustaceans, aquatic mollusks, etc. Most look for food on the water surface or near it. There are however species that dive deeper for aquatic plants. Geese and palamedeas also feed on land, where they nibble on grass. They regularly swallow small pebbles, which in their muscular stomach help to grind food, and then are excreted along with the droppings.

reproduction

Most representatives of the order are monogamous, in some species couples are formed for life, and both parents take part in raising offspring. However, in most species of anseriformes, pairs are formed only for one season, and the male does not take any part in incubation and feeding of the chicks. Anseriform nests are located near water bodies, in coastal thickets, bushes and reeds, some nest in hollows, in earthen burrows or on islands. As a rule, the inside of the nest is lined with down, which the female pulls out from her abdomen. In clutch from 2 to 15 eggs, usually more than five. Eggs are monochromatic, often white or greenish. Incubation lasts more than 25 days. The hatched chicks are already covered with fluff and after a few hours they are able to run, swim and even feed on their own. The female, less often both parents look after them and selflessly protect them in case of danger. Chicks begin to fly at the age of about 2 months, in large species by 3.5-4 months. Sexual maturity occurs in the second or third year of life.

Systematics

Anseriformes include three families:

• Half-toed geese ( Anseranatidae)
• duck ( Anatidae)
• Spur geese ( Anhimidae)

Extinct families and species:

see also

Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• Animal life in 7 vols. Vol. 6 Birds. - M.: Enlightenment, 1986

Links

Notes

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

See what "Anseriformes" is in other dictionaries:

Anseriformes … Spelling Dictionary

Lamellar-beaked (Anseriformes), a detachment of waterfowl ptip. Based on the structure of the limbs, muscles, palate, larynx, digestion. apparatus, etc., the detachment combines 2 suborders externally and biologically very different. birds: palamedean, very ... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

Exist., number of synonyms: 2 palamedeus (2) duck (1) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

uh; pl. A detachment of waterfowl, uniting two families: palamede and duck. * * * Anseriformes (Anseriformes), order of birds. It unites about 150 species, the vast majority of which belong to the family ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

anseriformes- žąsiniai paukščiai statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas atitikmenys: lot. Anseriformes English. anseriformes vok. Entenvogel; Zahnschnäbler rus. anseriformes; lamellar-billed pranc. anseriformes ryšiai: platesnis terminas – šiuolaikiniai… … Paukščių pavadinimų žodynas

Band-billed (Anscriformes), a detachment of waterfowl. It unites two families: Palamede and Duck ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Mn. A detachment of waterfowl, uniting two families: palamede and duck. Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

anseriformes- goose-shaped, oh ... Russian spelling dictionary

anseriformes- goose-like / znye, oh ... merged. Apart. Through a hyphen.

Anseriformes, or lamellar-billed (_la. Anseriformes) - a detachment of new-palatine birds, in which, along with such familiar birds as geese, ducks, swans, more exotic families, such as the Palamedes from South America, are also included. Anseriformes are a very common order and play an important role in the biosphere of the temperate latitudes of the Earth. Some species of anseriformes are also of agricultural importance.

Characteristic

In the order Anseriformes there are birds of large and medium size. The largest representative of the detachment is the mute swan, reaching 13 kg of weight. The smallest is the teal whistle, which weighs about 200-300 g. As a rule, anseriformes have a weighty body and a relatively small head located on a long neck. With the exception of the Palamedes, the beak is broad and flat, and often has a hardened tip at the tip to facilitate plucking of foliage and plant material. On the sides, the edges of the beak are serrated and form a kind of sieve that allows you to filter edible particles from the water. They are especially developed in mergansers, which, thanks to these teeth, can hold the caught fish in their beak.

A characteristic sign of anseriformes are the membranes between the three forward-pointing toes, which are important for movement in the water. They have, however, almost disappeared from the palameeds and the half-fingered goose ("Anseranas semipalmata"). The plumage is waterproof and in many species is variegated, especially in males. Birds devote a lot of time to caring for plumage. It is lubricated with a waterproof secret secreted by special glands on the skin of the animal, which are stimulated by the touch of the beak. During molting, in most species, old feathers fall out almost simultaneously and immediately. At this time, birds are not able to fly, and to protect themselves from enemies, males show only a very discreet coloration. Thermal insulation is provided by a thick layer of fluff, as well as a subcutaneous layer of fat.

Most anseriformes are excellent flyers, they have a fast flight with frequent wingbeats. At the same time, the feathers on the wings vibrate, making a sound characteristic of each species. The representative of this family is the mountain goose ("Anser indicus") - the highest flying bird in the world. As migratory birds, many species cover distances of many thousands of kilometers. The wings of anseriformes are medium in size, pointed. On the ground, most anseriformes, with the exception of geese and geese, do not walk very well, rolling from side to side. They swim and dive very well. Anseriformes spend about 3 minutes under water and dive to a depth of 40 meters. Under water, they move with the help of paws, some species also use wings.

Spreading

Basically, anseriformes live near water bodies, in particular near swamps and lakes, in estuaries and in coastal regions. Many species spend most of their lives on the high seas and only return to land to nest. Representatives of this order are distributed on all continents, with the exception of Antarctica. Most different species of anseriformes can be found in the tropics of South America, Africa and Australia.

Nutrition

Some anseriformes feed on animal food - fish, crustaceans, aquatic mollusks, etc. Most search for food on the water surface or near it. There are, however, species that dive deeper for aquatic plants. Geese and palamedeas also feed on land, where they nibble on grass. They regularly swallow small pebbles, which in their muscular stomach help to grind food, and then are excreted along with the droppings.

reproduction

Most representatives of the order are monogamous, in some species couples are formed for life, and both parents take part in raising offspring. However, in most species of anseriformes, pairs are formed only for one season, and the male does not take any part in incubation and feeding of the chicks. Anseriform nests are located near water bodies, in coastal thickets, bushes and reeds, some nest in hollows, in earthen burrows or on islands. As a rule, the inside of the nest is lined with down, which the female pulls out from her abdomen. In clutch from 2 to 15 eggs, usually more than five. Eggs are monochromatic, often white or greenish. Incubation lasts more than 25 days. The hatched chicks are already covered with fluff and after a few hours they are able to run, swim and even feed on their own. The female, less often both parents look after them and selflessly protect them in case of danger. Chicks begin to fly at the age of about 2 months, in large species by 3.5-4 months. Sexual maturity occurs in the second or third year of life.

Systematics

Anseriformes include three families:

* semi-fingered geese ("Anseranatidae")

* duck ("Anatidae")

* Palamedei ("Anhimidae")

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The order Anseriformes unites about 150 species of water birds (weight from 200 g to 10 kg). Large and medium-sized waterfowl with a dense, somewhat flattened body, short legs set back, a small tail, medium-sized wings. The front fingers are connected by a swimming membrane.
Most of the beak is formed by the premaxillae; the maxillary bone is small. Skull of desmognatic type. The basiptergoid articulations and pr are well developed. angularis posterior of the lower jaw. Cervical vertebrae 16-25. True ribs 6-7 pairs. Recent forms have one pair of notches along the posterior edge of the sternum. The basal ends of the coracoids do not touch. Muscular stomach with strong walls and strong cuticle. The functioning paired caecum are quite well developed. The gallbladder is voluminous. The coccygeal gland is present. Carotid arteries are paired. There are 2 pairs of tracheosternal muscles.
The beak is usually more or less flattened, covered with a soft horny cover with a dense thickening at the end of the beak (nail). The edges of the beak bear transversely arranged horny plates, which, together with the plates along the edges of the fleshy tongue, form a filter apparatus. In mergansers, the plates of the edges of the beak turn into horny teeth. The legs are short; fingers pointing forward are connected by a swimming membrane. The voluminous muscular stomach has a dense cuticle. The plumage is dense, well lubricated with secretions of the coccygeal gland, so water rolls off the feathers without wetting them. Molting proceeds in a peculiar way: the change of flight feathers occurs simultaneously and the birds lose their ability to fly for 3-5 weeks. In swans and geese, the outfit of males and females differs little or not at all, but in ducks, males are feathered much brighter. Many males put on their marriage attire during wintering or even in autumn.
Flight fast, in most species in flight, pointed wings are clearly visible. Some birds (swans, geese) in flight are built in clear chains or rows. Their neck is always extended in flight. On the ground they walk waddling. Excellent swimmers, many species dive well. Contour feathers without side stem or it is greatly reduced. The cervical aptery is absent. Down plentifully and evenly covers the entire body. The wing is diastatic. Primary flywheels 11, helmsmen 12-24.
inhabit in water bodies of various types. They swim well and dive a lot. Nests are built on the ground (rarely - in burrows or hollows in trees), near water. The clutch consists of a different number (up to 14) of large single-colored eggs. Brood birds. Monogamy is expressed in different types to very different degrees. Chicks at the time of hatching are sighted, well pubescent. The chicks feed themselves; the adult bird accompanying the brood warms them, guards them, and to some extent helps in the search for food.
In many ducks, pairs are formed only for the period of mating and oviposition; only the female incubates and leads the brood, while the males gather in flocks and migrate to the molting areas. The nest is built near a body of water on the ground; few species nest in hollows. Having completed the laying, the female plucks out the fluff on her abdomen, lining the tray with it and covering the eggs when leaving the nest. Densely pubescent chicks run and swim well the next day after hatching, and in some species they even dive. They feed themselves. An adult bird only protects the chicks and warms them at times. Young take off at the age of 1-3 months. Outside of the breeding season, they stay in flocks.
Of the 21 species of the group that unites geese and swans, 16 are found in our country. These are birds weighing from 1 to 10 kg. Males and females are colored the same. They are predominantly herbivorous, feeding on land and in shallow waters.
Duck combine about 120 species. Males are larger than females and brighter colored. The most widespread are ducks nesting near water bodies of all types. The food is varied: filtering water and silt, they get invertebrates, eat seedlings and soft rhizomes of aquatic plants, and collect acorns and fallen seeds on land. When feeding, they do not dive, plunging only the neck and front of the body into the water. diving ducks nest along sea coasts and large lakes. Food is obtained mainly by diving to a depth of 5-10 m. Some species are more herbivorous, others feed on aquatic invertebrates and, on occasion, catch small fish. In mergansers nesting in the forest zone and in the tundra (p. Mergus) the basis of nutrition is fish; horny denticles along the edges of the beak help to hold prey. Eiders nest along the sea coasts of northern latitudes. More widely distributed common eider - Somaieria mollissima, which in some places (Iceland, Kandalaksha Nature Reserve on the White Sea, Novaya Zemlya) nests in large clusters: up to a hundred or more nests per hectare. The down with which the female lines the nest is light, warm and durable. It is used for knitting warm products, for warming the clothes of pilots and polar explorers. The down is harvested after the chicks hatch; one nest gives 20-30 g of pure fluff. Eiders dive well and feed on mollusks and small crustaceans.
To the order Anseriformes in the rank of the family include 3 species of palamedia found in South America. These are overweight birds (weight 2-4 kg), similar to chicken ones. Beak with smooth edges (without plates or teeth), fingers not connected by swimming membranes, on the wing fold there are two long bone spikes in horn covers (they beat an attacking predator), a contour feather evenly covers the entire body (no apteria). They fly well. They don't swim or dive. They keep on the outskirts of forest swamps and along the banks of reservoirs. Herbivorous. Separated from the primitive anseriformes.
Practical value. All types of anseriform birds - objects of sport hunting. IN Lately in many parts of the world, the number is sharply declining due to excessive hunting, landscape changes and oil pollution of water at nesting, migration and wintering grounds. Wild geese - gray and dry geese and mallard duck - are considered the original forms from which various breeds of domestic geese and ducks were bred. The breeding of these birds, which provide valuable meat, eggs and down, is of great economic importance.

Literature:
1. Naumov N. P., Kartashev N. N. Zoology of Vertebrates. - Part 2. - Reptiles, birds, mammals: A textbook for biologist. specialist. Univ. - M.: Higher. school, 1979. - 272 p., ill.
2. N. I. Kartashev. Systematics of birds. Proc. Allowance for high fur boots. M., "Higher School", 1974
3. Course of zoology. B. A. Kuznetsov, A. Z. Chernov, L. N. Katonova. Moscow, 1989