Russia digitized-digitized but not digitized.

I am an ordinary person and stopped using envelopes 15 years ago. I used to even have pen pals. We sent each other multi-page letters, photographs and clippings from computer magazines. No, everything is in order, friends remained, the way of communication has changed: we have gone online.

However, government agencies are not as fast as I am and still send letters of happiness on paper. The pensioner reports how she twisted the money and how much I don’t have now. The tax office demands to pay for the use of roads, and the traffic police thinks that I drive too fast, and sends pictures of my speed records. In general, envelopes are still in use.

In this article, I will tell you everything about envelopes that I know myself, pulled out from industry professionals and dug up on the Internet.

I used to consider myself very smart and thought that everyone around me understood envelopes like me. In fact, it's not like that. Clients with a smart look ordered envelopes, and then they were surprised that something completely different came: for example, the wrong size. Well, of course, I had to go and exchange the wrong envelopes myself. Now, before placing an order, I get all the possible information from the client: why they are for him, what and where he is going to send, what size is needed and a thousand more clarifying questions.

But not to understand envelopes — norm! I also don't understand the dozens of sewer pipes or wires that run through my apartment. I need this knowledge once every five years, if not less often. And I always rejoice when I come across a professional in their field, and not just a sales manager. Perhaps enough thought, let's talk about the envelopes.

First, the envelope definition from Wikipedia. It seems that my colleague wrote it in his favorite stationery:

Envelope (German Kuvert, French couvert, couvrir - cover) - a shell for inserting, storing and sending papers or flat objects.

Story

The prototype of modern envelopes was invented by an English paper merchant, a certain Brewer. In 1820 he made and sold his first envelope. The people liked the invention so much that the envelopes quickly scattered around the world. But they “jumped” to Russia only after 35 years. Probably, the Russian Post took up the delivery of new items to the country. We have had success with them too.

Printing paper envelopes- one of the activities of our printing house. Therefore, we decided to devote today's material to paper envelopes, or rather, the history of their invention. But it’s worth starting with the appearance of envelopes in general. After all, in fact, it began even before people began to write letters to each other on paper.

In Dr. In Sumer, after burning a tablet with the text of a letter, it was covered with a layer of clay, on which the address of the recipient was written. Then the tablets were fired again so that the letter and the envelope did not become one piece (cunning technology, we will not go into details). Upon receipt, the envelope was broken. By the way, two such letters with envelopes are stored in the Louvre.

In antiquity, letters were written on wax tablets. They were put together and tied with a cord, on which the sender's wax seal was placed. And about the envelopes, as they say, no one bothered. As for paper letters, as we all remember from history, at first they were simply folded and sealed with wax or sealing wax. And, it would seem, why is there an envelope?

Everything is simple. First paper envelopes appeared in England, and the “fault” was the new fashion for letters on small leaves. And then (it was in 1820), the savvy owner of a stationery shop in the English city of Brighton, Mr. Brewer (or Brewer) came up with a brilliant business idea: to sell paper bags for them along with small leaves. Seeing the success of the idea, Brewer commissioned the production of postal envelopes to twelve special enterprises and even invented a machine for their production. In other words, other sources write that the world owes the invention of the machine for making envelopes to the craftsmen De la Rue and Hill. The idea of ​​gluing the flap of the envelope definitely appeared in France. The name of the inventor is Poirier.

At the end of the nineteenth century, the British introduced a new fashion! Envelopes began to be produced in different colors. Then each of them corresponded to its day of the week. colored envelopes and now in a trend, we are often ordered to print colored envelopes for invitations, postcards or business correspondence. And if they want to give the envelope an elegant look, they do

Subject: History of the envelope, stamp, mailbox.

Goals:

To acquaint students with the history of the envelope, stamp, mailbox;
- develop spelling skills, expand lexicon, outlook;
- arouse interest in mail history.

Equipment: Different types of envelopes, cards with inscriptions of the words envelope, messenger, couvert, stamp, philatelist, mailbox.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

II. Formation of the topic and purpose of the lesson

Guys, which of you read the book "Uncle Fyodor, the dog and the cat"?

Who can give a summary?

How do you feel about the main character's behavior?

Today Uncle Fyodor came to visit us, and he realized that you can’t run away from home, that you need to obey adults. Uncle Fyodor asks you for help, he wrote a letter to his parents to forgive him, but he does not know how to send it.

Can we help you send a letter to Uncle Fyodor?

What needs to be done first? ( Correctly fold the letter and put it in an envelope.)

Show how to fold.

III. Work on the topic of the lesson

ENVELOPE (Card on the board.)

Word work:

Divide the word into syllables;
- put emphasis;
- what is the spelling in the word;
- ask a question to the word;

- how many letters, sounds are in the word (sound-letter analysis of the word).

What is an envelope?

ENVELOPE - (according to the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov) - sealed paper packaging for letters, papers.

Have any of you seen the envelope? (Show, review different types envelope.)

Come up with a sentence with a word.

Guys, do you know the history of the envelope? What was the fate of letters without an envelope?

A trained student speaks.

Previously, written messages were sewn up in a fur hat or in a leather bag (so that the rain would not get wet and not get lost on the road), a Russian messenger carried.

MESSENGER - in the old days: a person sent somewhere with urgent news.

Sometimes the messenger memorized special messages.

Mail forwarding was expensive; at first, postal forwarding was available only to wealthy people. Then the sorting of letters by city was established with their sealing in special bags, on which the destinations (“Moscow”, “Novgorod”, etc.) were inscribed. Their exact weight was affixed to the bundles of letters.

Russian mail had two notable shortcomings. Left at the mercy of private entrepreneurs, it often violated the deadlines for sending and delivering letters. The second drawback was that packages with illegal attachments (gold, precious stones) were accepted for shipment, which caused damage.

The post office for a long time did not dare to create a city post office for fear that it would be unprofitable. Finally, on January 17, 1833, the first city post office in Russia was opened in St. Petersburg, and reception points were also placed - these were small trading shops.

In 1845, stamped envelopes or, as they said then, "couverts" were introduced. (Annex 1)

The stamp cover in St. Petersburg had a blue or blue round stamp on the white front side (the prototype of future postage stamps). The stamps on the envelopes of the Moscow City Post were red. These couverts were sold everywhere. Their cost was 6 kopecks in silver.

In 1848, stamp covers were issued for the whole of Russia. There were three of them: with a black stamp for 10 kopecks and silver for letters of 1 lot, with a blue stamp - for 20 kopecks for letters of 2 lots, for 30 kopecks for letters weighing 3 lots.

Guys, what do you especially remember from the history of the envelope?

MARK (Card on the board.)

Word work:

Divide the word into syllables;
- put emphasis;
- ask a question to the word;
What part of speech does the word belong to?
- leave a sentence with this word. (Students write down one of the sentences, parse it.)

The word "brand" - analysis by composition.

Do you want to know the history of the brand?

Postage stamps were a truly revolutionary innovation in the work of the Russian postal service. Their appearance greatly simplified the correspondence system, and this immediately increased the amount of correspondence sent.

The first postage stamp in Russia with a denomination of 10 kopecks was intended for letters weighing 1 lot and went on sale at post offices on December 10, 1857. (Annex 2)

She was without teeth and was separated from the sheet with scissors. Sale of stamps began immediately, and their official circulation was established on January 1, 1858. However, there are known cases of sending letters with stamps before this date, since 1857.

Initially, the stamps were canceled in the mail with a simple cross-crossing with a pen, and some time later a round calendar postmark was introduced.

At the beginning of 1858, the second issue of stamps appeared, already with teeth, in denominations of 10, 20 and 30 kopecks. (Appendix 3 , App 4 , App 5 , App 6)

Since then, tsarist Russia has been publishing its postage stamps one after another. Their drawing remained unchanged: in the center is depicted the royal coat of arms - a double-headed eagle - and crossed postal horns.

Guys, is there anyone in our class who collects stamps?

What are these people called? ( Philatelic collectors.)

What do you remember most about the history of the brand?

Tell me, where is the letter sent? (To the mailbox.)

MAILBOX)

Word work:

What is the spelling in the word postal;
- drafting proposals;
- morphological analysis.

Guys, do you know that the first mailboxes were first taken out into the street only in 1848? (Annex 7)

(A trained student speaks.)

In appearance, these boxes differed sharply from modern post boxes, since they were of arbitrary shape and consisted of two compartments: one, closed with a padlock, in order for letters to be dropped there; the other, open, is for storing letters to be returned to the sender, since their addressees were not found.

Their design was still imperfect, they were knocked together from boards and sheathed on the outside with thin sheet iron. Without much difficulty, a penknife could open the door, as if securely locked. The population was afraid to trust their correspondence to such boxes.

Then, in order to "raise the authority" of mailboxes, they took such a measure - they began to cast them entirely from cast iron. These massive boxes, weighing up to 3 pounds, were already difficult to break open or take away with them. But they were very expensive and not widely used.

And only on the third attempt, the mailboxes turned out to be more or less successful - they were quite light and durable, internal cases were built into them, later replaced by canvas bags. Envelopes were depicted on the boxes so that they were conspicuous. It is curious that such envelopes were drawn on mailboxes for 80 years, and only in 1926, when literacy became the property of all segments of the population, they were no longer drawn, replacing them with the inscription "Mailbox".

What is especially memorable from the history of the mailbox?

So, you and I reminded Uncle Fyodor that you need to put the letter in an envelope, seal it, stick a stamp, drop it in the mailbox.

Guys, who delivers the letters? (Postman.) (Appendix 8)

Look carefully at Uncle Fyodor's letter. Will the postman deliver the letter to the parents? Why? (No address.)

The next lesson, Uncle Fyodor will come to visit us again. And together with him we will learn to sign an envelope.

IV. Outcome. Generalization

What have you learned?

What did you especially like and remember?

References

1. Safonov N., Karlinsky V. The letter is sent on a journey. - 1966
2. Karlinsky V. Life and adventures of a postage stamp, box, letter.

The birthday of the postal envelope is considered to be 1820. The history of the origin of the postal envelope is very interesting. It is believed that the first postal envelopes appeared thanks to the merchant of paper goods, the Englishman Mr. Brewer.

The invention was a success and soon he entrusted the production of these bags to enterprises that cut out and glued these bags, later called "envelopes". (from English word to cover - close).

Postal envelopes became popular, but gluing the envelopes by hand was tedious and time consuming. In 1844, Londoners Hill and de La Rue invented a machine that made it possible to make postal envelopes by mechanization. The machine is designed for the production of large circulations of postal envelopes. Postal envelopes were sealed mainly with sealing wax.

The next stage in the improvement of postal envelopes can be considered the idea of ​​the Frenchman Poirier, who proposed the idea of ​​pre-gluing one of the flaps of the postal envelope.

Changes in the postal envelope took place in the future. Postal envelopes had a variety of sizes and colors. The formats of postal envelopes varied, depending on what format the paper was produced.

The postal envelope developed rapidly, getting more and more complex design. In the future, another requirement began to be presented to him, which was important for the industrial era - standardization. The standard size of postal envelopes made it possible to more successfully mechanize postal processing.

A standard envelope is made in accordance with GOST ()

Envelopes made to order can be of various shapes and sizes. In accordance with the requirements of the time, envelopes continue to change and improve.