Class: 5

• to bring students to an understanding of the reasons for the emergence of inequality between people, to ensure the assimilation of the concepts of “neighborhood community”, “inequality”, “know”;
• continue to develop the skills to give short reports, compare (tools of labor, tribal and neighboring communities), establish cause-and-effect relationships, and solve historical problems.

Lesson type: combined.

Basic concepts: craft, plow, neighboring community, inequality, nobility, leader, slave.

Equipment: computer presentation ( Annex 1), cards with lesson concepts, textbook (A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya “History of the Ancient World 5th grade,” M., Prosveshchenie, 2011), memo “How to solve a historical problem” .

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

II. Teacher's opening speech, posing a problematic question

In the last lesson, we were mentally transported in an imaginary time machine ten thousand years ago and found ourselves in a village of primitive farmers and cattle breeders. ( Slide 1). What was the name of the group of people living in this village? (Clan community). What is a clan community called?

About 3 thousand years have passed. We found ourselves in this village again. ( Slide 1). What changed? (Several houses appeared instead of one, the arable land was divided into plots.)

Who do you think lives in the houses? (Individual families). The community now consists of individual families and is called a neighborhood community.

Why is the arable land divided into areas of unequal size? (There is inequality in the community.)

Let's solve a historical problem.

“During archaeological excavations, archaeologists found two burials. In one of them, beads made of precious stones were preserved on the chest of the deceased, and the remains of a golden crown were preserved on his forehead. Copper axes and a dagger lay next to the body. Along the wall of the grave stood gold and silver vessels with images of a leopard, lion, horse, and antelope. In another burial there was only a copper ax.

What conclusions can be drawn about people’s lives based on these data?”

(Conclusion: nobility emerged in the neighboring community).

Topic of today's lesson: The emergence of inequality and nobility.(Slide 2).

Why did people’s lives change, why did the clan community come to be replaced by the neighbor’s community, inequality appeared and the nobility emerged? ( Slide 3).

We must find the answer to this question in today's lesson.

III. Repetition

Let's remember what people who lived in a tribal community did about 10 thousand years ago. (Agriculture, cattle breeding, hunting, fishing, making pottery, fabric clothing). ( Slide 4).

1. From what occupation did agriculture originate?
2. From what occupation did cattle breeding originate?
3. Name the three main tools of labor of the ancient farmers.
4. How did the advent of agriculture and animal husbandry change people's lives?

Show silently, with gestures:

How did primitive farmers dig up the soil?
How was the harvest done?
How were the trees cut down?

We answer silently, with a nod of the head, to the following questions:

1. The first animal domesticated by man was the horse.
2. The first animal domesticated by man was the dog.
3. Flour was obtained by grinding grains on flat stones (grain grinders).
4. Weaving was invented by men.

Tell us how the ancient farmers cultivated the land?

(They cut down trees with a stone ax, burned out bushes, uprooted stumps, loosened the ground with wooden hoes. Then they threw seeds into the ground. When the harvest was ripe, the ears were cut off with a sickle.)

Conclusion: cultivating the land was not an easy task and required the efforts of the entire family.

IV. Learning new material

Study questions:

1. Development of crafts.
2. Invention of the plow.
3. The emergence of a neighborhood community.
4. Selection of the nobility.

Centuries passed, crafts developed.

What is craft? (Craft is the making of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.) ( Slide 5).

A student's story about the development of crafts and the emergence of metal processing. ( Slides 6, 7).

Compare two axes. ( Slide 8).

What is the advantage of metal tools over stone ones? (The blade of a copper ax is sharper than a stone one; they cut down a tree three times faster with it. In addition, a copper ax is heavier than a stone one, so it penetrates deeper into the wood. A copper blade, if it has become dull or deteriorated, can be melted down; a stone ax tip, if it was damaged, thrown away. However, copper has not completely replaced stone tools, since copper is a soft metal and is rarely found in nature).

Task: compare a hoe and a plow. Which tool was easier to cultivate the land? Scientists conducted an experiment and found that with the help of a plow and a horse it was possible to loosen a piece of land 50 times faster.

Draw a conclusion: what did the invention of the plow and the appearance of copper tools give to man?

Students express their opinions, then the conclusion is read out from the textbook. (Thanks to the invention of the plow, the use of animals to loosen the earth, and the advent of copper tools, there was no longer a need for the entire community to work together in the fields).

Working with the textbook. Read clause 3 of paragraph 5.

Assignment: compare the tribal and neighboring communities.

What does compare mean? This means finding commonalities and differences. Let's find the differences first. ( Slide 10).

Why did the neighbors continue to live in communities? What was common?

Joint work (for example, digging a pond), protection from enemies, common ownership of a forest, pasture, river. ( Slide 11).

We have already found out that inequality has appeared in the neighboring community. What is inequality? Inequality is the emergence of rich and poor people.

Could inequality arise in the tribal community?

The teacher's story about the emergence of inequality and nobility. ( Slides 12, 13, 14).

V. Consolidation

Now let's answer the question posed at the beginning of the lesson: Why did people's lives change, why did the neighborhood community replace the tribal community, inequality appeared and the nobility emerged?

Logical chain:

tools improved > it became easier to cultivate the land > harvests became more abundant > surpluses appeared > to replace generic came to the community neighbor's , appeared inequality , stood out know . (Slide 15).

Let's summarize. What did we learn in class today? What did you learn?

Today in class we learned that a man learned to process metal and invented a plow. The emergence of new tools led to the fact that each family could independently cultivate the land. The clan community is being replaced by the neighbor community. Inequality appears in the neighboring community and nobility (chiefs and elders) stand out.

We learned to compare the tribal and neighboring communities and establish the causes of historical events.

VI. Homework

Paragraph 5, retell, answer questions, repeat the section “Life of primitive people” according to the questions on page 27. ( Slide 16).

VII. Lesson summary

Summing up the lesson, assessing the work of individual students and the class as a whole, giving grades.

Slide 1

History of the Ancient World Grade 5
Appearance
inequalities
and nobility.

Slide 2

Homework:
Prepare for the test (paragraphs 1-5) Learn concepts in your notebook

Slide 3

check yourself
From what human occupation did cattle breeding arise? From cattle breeding; 3. From collecting; From beekeeping; 4. From hunting. What is the name of an ancient tool made of bone or wood used for cutting (compressing) plants? Hoe; 3. Sickle; Axe; 4. Harpoon.

Slide 4

check yourself
Who was involved in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products? Hunter; Farmer; Craftsman; Weaver. From what human occupation did agriculture originate? From cattle breeding; 3. From collecting; From beekeeping; 4. From hunting. A wooden stick with a knot at the end, used for cultivating the land, is a Hoe; 3. Rake; Sickle; 4. Braid.

Slide 5

Plan:
1. Development of crafts. 2. Invention of the plow. 3. Each family has its own farm. 4. Selection of the nobility.

Slide 6

Development of crafts.
Ancient people mastered technologies that were quite complex for that level - spinning, weaving, grinding and drilling. About nine thousand years ago, a new craft appeared in Western Asia - metal processing. Copper was the first metal from which people learned to make tools.

Slide 7

Without being distracted by other activities, the artisan was engaged in either pottery, or metal processing, or some other activity. Thus, the craft gradually separated from agriculture and cattle breeding. The artisan now exchanged his products for agricultural food products. Craftsmen settled in cities, and farmers and cattle breeders settled in villages. So between city and village, agricultural. There was an exchange between workers and artisans.

Slide 8

Craftsman
Craft
a person who professionally makes vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.
production of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.

Slide 9

Invention of the plow.
The invention of the wooden plow marked the beginning of plow farming. Thanks to the invention of the plow, the use of animals to loosen the earth, and the appearance of copper tools, there was no longer a need for the entire community to work together in the fields.

Slide 10

Each family has its own farm.
Now each family could manage the household independently, which inevitably led to the disintegration of tribal communities. Livestock, tools, and housing become the property of a separate family. Family relationships were replaced by neighborly ones. A neighborhood community has formed.

Slide 11

Selection of the nobility.
But all families are different: the more skillful ones harvested more crops and increased the number of livestock faster. Some families may have become wealthy over time. Inequality arose within the tribes: some were noble, others were ignorant; some were richer and others poorer.

Slide 12

Inequality - the emergence of rich and poor people

Slide 14

A state is an organization of society in which there are borders, power, laws and tax collection.

Slide 15

Find concepts in the textbook and write them down in your notebook: Leader, nobility, sanctuaries, king.

Slide 16

Connect the terms and their definitions.

Slide 17

Check yourself:
Tribal community Neighborhood community Tribe Chief Inequality Religion
Belief in supernatural beings. The leader of the tribe's warriors. Combination of several genera. A group of relatives who lived and worked together had common property. A community where families were connected not by kinship, but by neighborly relations. Distinguishing between rich and poor people.

Slide 18

Slide 21

Establish a correspondence between definitions and concepts. Match each letter with the corresponding number.
Definitions Concepts
A) the ruler of the state; B) transfer of power from father to son; B) the head of the tribe; D) member of the tribe.

1) leader; 2) fellow tribesman; 3) inheritance; 4) king; 5) know.

Slide 2

• Main questions of the lesson:
• What is inequality?
• How and why did it appear?