Fish products are always popular with buyers. That is why the fish farming business is a promising direction in the farming sector (especially in the context of limited imports of imported products). Breeding fish in artificial reservoirs as a business will bring good income to novice farmers.

Expenses

To create a fish farm you will need:

• creation of a reservoir - 200 thousand rubles;
• purchase of equipment - 245 thousand rubles;
• purchase of fry - 10-11 thousand rubles;
• purchase of feed - 7 thousand rubles. per 100 fish per month.

The cost of feed depends on the choice of breeding technology. If you refuse to buy specialized feed, this expense item will decrease significantly.

The arrangement of the farm will cost in 562–563 thousand rubles.

Income

A stable profit can be expected only 2-3 years after the creation of the farm. In the first year, the profitability of the farm will not exceed 9-10%, but by the third year it will be at least 30%.

Advantages and disadvantages of a fish farm

Breeding fish has a number of advantages:

• it is easy for a farmer to find a market;
• business organization does not require serious investments;
• the enterprise generates income from the sale of fish, from the organization of paid fishing, recreation on the shore, mini-snack bar.

There are also many disadvantages of a fish farm:

• payback - 2-3 years;
• fish are caught only in the autumn;
• the fish population is declining as a result of epidemics and the influence of negative factors;
• high feed costs.

Conditions for keeping fish

If you decide to start breeding fish, you need to equip an artificial pond for it. Fish are grown in pools, aquariums or cages, but an artificial reservoir on your own site is ideal.

How to make a fish pond

Choosing a place for a pond

The site where you equip the pond for fish may be located in the village. G The main thing is that its dimensions make it possible to build a reservoir ranging in size from 30 to 50 m 2. It is desirable to build a road to it, so that it is easier to export finished products.

Do not place the pond in the lowlands: during the spring floods, it will be flooded. Ideally, if part of the pond is in the shade, because the fish do not like excessive warming of the water.

The site should not be completely covered with bushes and trees. Their roots can deform the bottom of the pond, and the leaves will pollute the water in autumn.

Pond Requirements

In order for an artificial pond to be suitable for breeding and keeping fish, it must meet the following requirements:

• depth - 1.5 m (in the southern regions, the depth may be less, in the northern regions - more);
• size - 30–50 m 2 (at the rate of 10–15 cm per individual);
• bottom relief - the presence of rapids and ledges, alternation of shallow and deep areas;
• clean bottom without silt and peat;
• diverse soil and the presence of aquatic plants at the bottom;
• water temperature - 24–26ºС (for carp), 16–19ºС (for trout);
• in winter, the layer of non-freezing water should be about 1 m;
• water must be clean, oxygenated.

A reservoir that meets these requirements is suitable for fattening and rearing adult fish and for incubation of young animals.

How to make a pond in the country with your own hands step by step: instructions

If the site does not have a natural reservoir suitable for growing fish, do it on their own.

Stages of making an artificial pond:

1. It is necessary to dig a rounded pit, compact the soil at the bottom and pour cement.
2. A plastic film should be placed at the bottom, and then pour water into the pit by 1/3.
3. Then soil and river sand are placed in the pit, underwater plants are planted, and water is added to the required level.

Types of fish: which one to choose?

The choice of fish species for breeding depends on consumer demand. If you live in a large city whose residents can afford expensive fish, feel free to take on the breeding of salmon fish. Otherwise, opt for the carp family.

The most popular among farmers are two types of fish - carp and trout.

Carp require much less care than trout. They feed on everything: algae, aquatic microorganisms, roots of coastal vegetation, insects. To accelerate growth, they will have to be fed with compound feed, but this will take a minimum amount of money.

Trout is a predatory fish. It requires a special diet. For feeding this fish, offal of cattle, shellfish, small fish, bird eggs are used. A lot of money will have to be spent on fattening trout.

Carps weighing 1.2–1.7 kg and trout weighing 0.8–1 kg are on sale. Trout acquires such weight in the second year of life, and carp in the third.

Raising fry

Experienced farmers say that it is better to breed fish on their own - from the larvae. This method allows you to reduce the cost of purchasing fry, but it is not suitable for beginner fish farmers: under the wrong conditions, the fry will not hatch.

Therefore, it is better to purchase grown fry from proven fish factories. In this case, the losses will be no more than 10-15%. The amount of planting material depends on the size of the reservoir (keep in mind that the fish will grow up over time). Fry are bought in the spring so that they gain weight over the summer.

How to breed crayfish at home and how profitable this type of business is, you can find out

Fish in the pond grows 2-3 years. During this time, she is gaining sufficient mass. Breeding fish at home for sale is possible in two main ways:

1. Traditional technology. This method is very laborious, since it involves the regular movement of fish from one pond to another (from the incubator to the feeding pond, from there to the wintering pond). After each transplant, the water from the pond descends. Such a multi-stage technology is fraught with large losses.
2. Continuous technology. This method involves growing young animals in a separate pond up to 1–1.5 kg and then transplanting them into a feeding pond. In this pond, the fish lives for several years, gaining weight. Now this technology is used on most farms.

The pond should be kept clean. To do this, install filters that will purify the water from the waste products of fish.

If regular cleaning is not carried out, the fish in the pond will get sick. And any disease turns into an epidemic, as a result of which most of the inhabitants of the pond die. That is why you need to monitor the condition of the fish every 10 days.

Sales of products

The fish is sold 2-3 years after the start of fattening. During this period, it reaches the required weight. You can also sell one-year-old fish, but this will bring little income.

Fish farm products can be sold:

• in chain supermarkets;
• in the fish departments of stores;
• in the markets;

Fish farming is a branch of agriculture within the framework of which several main tasks are performed: the production of commercial fish, replenishment of the food supply of the region, and the preservation of rare species of fish. As a rule, these tasks are solved by large fish farms. However, today enterprising people have the opportunity to organize fish farming at home as a small but reliable business. What is needed for this, and what profit a fish farmer can expect, we will tell in this review.

How to set up a business

According to the laws of the Russian Federation, fish farming as a business is an entrepreneurial activity that is subject to registration with the Federal Tax Service. The purpose of this registration is:

• collection of taxes and other obligatory payments to the treasury;
• supervision of production safety and product quality.

The lack of this administration by the state closes the entrepreneur's access to large markets. Recommended to read about and learn in terms of cost minimization.

However, it is not always that enterprising agricultural enthusiasts master fish farming as a business in order to enter the market as soon as possible with large batches of finished products. Often a small home production is enough.

If a novice entrepreneur managed to establish a cycle for growing from 1 to 2 tons of fish per year on a personal plot, then he does not have to register as an entrepreneur, but he can sell products as surplus personal subsidiary plots (LPS).

A home farm is a good start for those who start a fish business from scratch. In the conditions of private household plots, a novice entrepreneur has the opportunity to:

• accumulate start-up capital;
• to delve into all the subtleties of fish production;
• gain experience in the regional market, as well as establish relationships with suppliers of consumables for growing fish.

This is the gold reserve that will allow the farmer to reach a new level of business such as breeding and selling fish in the near future.

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How to grow fish at home

There are several ways to breed fish at home:

• in ponds;
• in the pools.

There is also such a method as cage breeding, but in order to organize it, it is necessary to rent a pond. A reservoir can only be leased to an official business entity, so the development of cage fish farming will have to be postponed until registration as an entrepreneur.

Pond farming

To begin with, it should be noted that the pond for breeding fish should be quite voluminous: length from 8 to 10 m, width from 6 to 4 m, depth from 2 to 3 m.

The most unpretentious fish that can live in an artificial pond are carp and silver carp.

Most of these programs provide the following benefits for novice farmers:

• a significant reduction in interest rates on loans;
• provision of state guarantees for loans;
• payment for participation in exhibition events;
• free training of farmers in the basics of entrepreneurship.

In order to become a member of a municipal or federal program, a farmer must:

• register as an entrepreneur;
• have equity capital in the amount of about 30% of the required investments;
• entrepreneurial undertaking;
• have an impeccable credit history and be a law-abiding taxpayer.

A well-organized fish business, according to entrepreneurs, gives its owner good income and in a short time allows you to reach self-sufficiency, so if you have entrepreneurial ideas and the strength to implement them, do not stop, build a profitable enterprise.

Fishing in our country is exactly the niche that makes sense to occupy, because this direction is not yet actively developed..

Meanwhile, more and more people prefer fish over the meat of birds and mammals. Partly because fish meat is dietary, partly because of moral reasons - the number of vegetarians in the world is increasing every year.

The cost of fish in our country, in comparison with other countries, is quite expensive - this is due to the cold climate and the corresponding difficulties in breeding.

Someone does not want to accept live fish, someone pays for the goods only after the sale - these the nuances must be reflected in the resume when drawing up a business plan for growing fish.

How to organize a home fish farm?

It is worth noting that breeding fish is not at all as easy as it seems at first glance. Some breeders admit that this is even more troublesome than raising pigs or poultry.

Unpretentious, at first glance, creatures, in fact, require constant care and attention, control of water temperature, proper feeding and monitoring of the ecosystem of the reservoir as a whole. It is necessary to regularly check the health status of individual fish, because a viral disease can quickly spread to the entire pond.

First of all, it is preferable for this business to have established points of sale. Practice shows that problems with buyers in the fishing business occur very often, especially when it comes to chain stores.

If you decide to seriously plunge into this area, you should be prepared for a large investment of time and effort. Neglect in relation to these small factors will lead to sad consequences.

Perhaps it makes sense to hire an assistant or run a business with the whole family.

Is it beneficial? An example of financial calculations for a start.

In the next one, we will look at what kind of service industry ideas are suitable for starting a small business in rural areas?

We will address the issue of the difficulties of breeding decorative rabbits at. Which direction is the most promising?

Arrangement of a reservoir

• To create a fish farm, many prefer rent a pond.
  This is really advantageous, since, in addition to direct breeding, it can be used as a paid fishing space. But at home, this is not always possible.

• As a less costly alternative frequently used swimming pools.
  They are good because they are equipped with devices for adjusting water temperature, oxygen levels and other indicators. And in general, it is much more convenient to watch fish in them: you can track emerging diseases, protect the “baby” from attacks by predators.

• The third option is creating your own small ponds in the garden.
  This path is attractive because it is easy to plant plants in such a reservoir, which will later serve as food for fish. In this case, there is no need to constantly take care of the feed and calculate its quantity. The arrangement of the pond, moreover, is more economical - after all, the cost of pools is quite noticeable.

The issue of feeding is of fundamental importance, since overfeeding fish is harmful not only for their development - the remains of rotting food in the reservoir do not contribute to a favorable microclimate of the entire ecosystem.

To equip a reservoir on the site, it is necessary to dig a pit and provide a bottom layer. To do this, alternate clay, asbestos, expanded clay and sand. You can also use concrete as a coating, and pour the soil on top.

The only inconvenience of an artificial pond: it is advisable to plant plants at least three months before the appearance of fish in it to form the desired ecosystem. Otherwise, with an earlier launch of the inhabitants, for some time you will have to feed them yourself. In winter, it is better to clear the pond of vegetation.

The disadvantage of natural reservoirs is that the water there often does not warm up enough, and when the fish is cold, it stops gaining weight, and the food is wasted. Swimming pools can solve this problem almost completely.

Choice of direction

It depends on many factors: the region, climatic features, the interests of buyers, etc.

What kind of fish to choose for business is up to you:

• Carp is considered one of the most profitable breeds for breeding - it is not too whimsical, and the meat of this fish has an unusual taste.
• Trout on the market is valued three times higher, however, more effort will be required from you: this fish is unusually fastidious in care.
• Other species are also bred - tench, sturgeon, pike, etc.

The demand is mainly for the first two varieties of fish. When choosing, you also need to remember - the larger the fish, the more it is in demand in the market, and the higher your future profit.

However, it is worth remembering that it is not always possible to keep fish of different colors in the same reservoir: these creatures have their own hierarchy, and it is better to avoid collisions if possible.

Is it profitable to engage in this branch of animal husbandry?

While ensuring normal growth, well-established sales and active sales, fish farming business can be very profitable.

But to achieve such a result in the current conditions is not too easy for several reasons:

• Compared to the 90s, the demand for fish in Russia has fallen markedly, many people cannot afford to buy it.
• Another a significant minus - a fairly long payback.
  Fish grow extremely slowly, and some species even throughout their lives. Carp take three years to reach their maximum weight, trout two and a half years. Not every breeder is willing to wait that long, so some buy "young animals", although this is much more expensive than buying fry, but here you have to choose.
• The “capriciousness” of the fish is also important.
  For example, carp can be fed very well on special ready-made mixtures, but the taste of meat will leave much to be desired.

To make the fish tasty, it needs a lot of attention and a special diet.

Fish may lose its taste, including due to improper maintenance during transportation. In this case, the buyer has the right to return the entire batch, declaring it a "marriage".

On the other hand, the high fecundity of fish and excellent profitability with well-established channels can compensate for all shortcomings.

Farm Equipment

If you decide to breed fish in pools, for this you will need a room with an area of ​​​​50 sq.m. It should be well heated, be equipped with electricity and running water.

You can use containers of different depths: many small pools (about 1 m deep) or several deep ones. But it should be borne in mind that the larger the volume of "dwelling" for fish, the more power you need to operate the equipment.

To equip the pools you need the following:

• Pumps for pumping water;
• Filters that purify water from microbes and contaminants;
• oxygen generators;
• Thermometers and other devices for monitoring temperature, water level, etc.;
• Incubator. If it is available, you will be able to buy not fry, but caviar, and breed offspring on your own, so you can save a lot.

At the very beginning of the activity, it is better to try to save on technology - for example, use not inflatable pools, but plastic containers, or even self-made ones.

Already in the future, after the project pays off, you can think about more expensive equipment: special pools, automatic feeding systems, etc.

According to experienced entrepreneurs, significantly increases business profitability using fish breeding modules. In this case, fry are grown in special containers equipped with tap systems for collecting and draining water, aeration, filtration and UV sterilization.

See the video about the experience of using production fish breeding modules for organizing a sturgeon breeding business:

What should you start with? How to establish distribution channels?

Why farming is a priority when providing state support to start-up entrepreneurs, we will tell. Who can receive a grant for the implementation of business ideas?

After watching the video for this article, you will learn about the features of organizing a mink breeding nursery.

Sample financial plan

Provided that you organize a small home farm that does not use outside labor and keep costs to a minimum, you can get the following business plan:

• Fry - 300-500 rubles per kg.
  When deciding on the number of fry, keep in mind that approximately 10% will die, and only 30% will be able to gain full weight. Accordingly, if conditions permit, it is better to buy as much as possible.
• Pool for growing fish - from 4 thousand rubles per piece;
• Equipment for swimming pools - from 50 thousand rubles;
• Compound feed for fish - from 10 thousand rubles per ton.

With maximum savings at the initial stage, you can meet 100 thousand rubles.

It is important to remember that trying to save on fry and, for example, catching them in a pond is not a good idea. There is a high risk that the fish will be sick.

In the future, also possible unforeseen costs should be taken into account e.g. for treatment.

The average market value of a kilogram of fish is 200 rubles.

By purchasing fry for 15 thousand rubles, you can get a ton of meat per year from one cubic meter of water, leaving t how to annual profit of 200 thousand rubles.

The business is profitable, but we should not forget about its long payback period. However, the wait is worth it in order to subsequently regularly receive stable profits.

• How much can you earn
• Which equipment to choose
• • • • Similar business ideas:

Today in Russia there are a large number of unclaimed reservoirs, from which you can make a real fish farm. Fish farming is perhaps one of the few areas of agriculture that is least exposed to the risk of adverse weather conditions. Thanks to this, the profitability of carp breeding remains at the level of 20%.

The most difficult thing in organizing such a business are administrative barriers. It is not so easy to get a pond for rent. You need to go through a series of approvals, paperwork and competitive bidding for the right to rent a specific reservoir. It is necessary to contact the local administration on the issue of renting a water body.

It is important to know that not every body of water can be rented. The restriction under the law is imposed, first of all, on reservoirs with the status of a natural monument. It is also difficult to rent ponds that are located near summer cottages and cities, as complaints from the population against the tenant will go immediately.

When choosing a reservoir for breeding fish, you should pay attention to its area, depth and type of bottom. Thus, a pond (lake) with an area of ​​20 to 100 hectares is considered optimal in size. This will allow both carp to breed and provide paid fishing services. If the reservoir is smaller, then it will not be possible to grow large volumes of marketable fish, and even more so to serve fishermen.

If the lease of a pond is used exclusively for paid fishing services, then the distance to the nearest large cities is important. Large settlements and cities should be located within a radius of no more than 50 km. In this case, it is important to take care of the availability of good access roads to the reservoir.

The carp pond must be equipped with a weir system. For this, a special outpost or sluice is built, which serves to lock the water in the leading ditch and control the depth level in the pond. The lock is necessary not only for the outflow of water, but also for catching marketable fish. Many fish farm ponds are built on this principle.

The depth of the reservoir should be from 1.5 m, otherwise the fish will not overwinter. The bottom of the reservoir should be silty and soft. The optimal temperature for the growth and reproduction of carp is from 14 to 24 degrees. Carp feeds only in the warm season, and in winter it hibernates and does not eat anything.

It is impossible not to say about the methods of feeding cyprinids. There are two main ways of growing carp - extensive and intensive. With an extensive rearing method, carp feed only on natural food that is in the reservoir. This method can only be used in large reservoirs. The growth and development of carp directly depends on the natural food supply. The main advantage of this method is the low cost of carp maintenance (more precisely, their complete absence). The main disadvantage is the low growth rate of the fish.

An intensive method of growing cyprinids involves the creation of a system for feeding fish with a rich food supply. Fish with this method are fed at least 2 times a day. As a rule, planting material is acquired in early spring, and in autumn fish are caught. Thanks to multiple feeding and maintaining a high density, it is possible to obtain up to 6 t/ha of marketable carp. The disadvantage of this method is high feed costs. But they are more than paid off by the speed of fish growth and the rapid turnover of invested funds.

Stocking with cyprinids should be done at the rate of 250 kg of fish per 1 ha of pond area. The fish grows very fast. In general, carp is considered one of the most unpretentious, which cannot be said about trout or sturgeon. For example, 10 tons of carp in three years will turn into 100 tons - the mass will increase 10 times! Carp is also distinguished by its fertility. One fish is capable of producing from 200 to 300 thousand eggs, from which tens of thousands of individuals will turn out.

After stocking with carp, a small part of predatory fish - pike or pike perch - should be put into the reservoir. This is done in order to knock out weedy fish from the reservoir, such as bleak, ruff and topfish. You need to be careful not to let a lot of predators in, otherwise they will eat the carp fry. Therefore, it is recommended to stock carp fry from the age of 1 year. The predator eats them much less. In this case, the survival rate of the fry will be at least 80%.

According to experts, the amount of investment in a business depends on the area of ​​the reservoir and the businessman's ambitions. Thus, a fish farm with an area of ​​100 hectares of water will cost about $80,000. The main costs include construction work (creation of the relief of the reservoir, construction of locks, etc.) and the purchase of fry. The cost of carp fry, weighing 100-150 grams, starts from 70 rubles / kg. In order to stock a pond with an area of ​​100 hectares, it will take about 1.5 million rubles to buy fry.

The cost of growing fish in an intensive way is 40 rubles/kg. And the wholesale price is about 60 rubles / kg. The profit of a businessman grows many times if the fish is sold in a living state - in special vehicles that deliver live carp to retail outlets. In this case, the selling price of fish is at least 90-100 rubles/kg. Marginal income per kilogram is 50-60 rubles.

From each hectare you can get up to 1.5-2 tons of marketable fish. Income from a reservoir with an area of ​​100 hectares, minus wages and taxes, can reach 4-5 million rubles a year.

In addition to selling fish, paid fishing services can be additional income. The cost of such pleasure in the Moscow region starts from 500 rubles per person. And in the "elite" ponds stocked with sturgeon, trout, grass carp and silver carp, the cost of a ticket is at least 1,500 rubles per person. In order for the fishermen to know the measure, a limit on the catch of fish is set. For example, over 5 kg of catch, each subsequent kilogram will be paid, depending on the type of fish. If the caught fish is smaller than the set size (25 cm), it is released back into the lake.

Fishing spots should be equipped so that the distance between fishermen is at least 50 m. Interest in fishing in this case will be much higher. If investments allow, then a good solution would be the construction of summer houses for vacationers, a shop, a kitchen, a fishing house, a toilet. The fisherman's shop sells fishing tackle, bait and top dressing. These are all in high demand. The presence of a summer kitchen with a chef allows you to take orders from those who want to taste their own catch.

If you also build a beach, then the fishermen will come with their whole families, which will only increase the income of the entrepreneur. However, you need to make sure that the rest does not interfere with the main process of fishing. Therefore, the beach should be at a respectful distance from fishing spots - at least 100m.

The construction of such infrastructure justifies itself well not only near large cities and metropolitan areas. Residents of the periphery and small towns are also willing to pay for such a service. There are still not enough picturesque and well-groomed places in our country, and the demand for outdoor activities is growing every year.

Step-by-step opening plan, where to start

To open your carp, you need to pay special attention to the place where the fish are bred. For carp, a piece pond or pond is suitable. Preliminarily, it is advisable to monitor and analyze the activities of competitors, to establish relations with points of sale. You can not do without a well-defined business project, taking into account the preliminary costs and expected profit. The profitability of the business in the early stages will depend on this. Having ennobled the reservoir and the surrounding area, you can begin to purchase the necessary equipment, fry and food for them.

How much can you earn

Before moving on to profits, let's look at costs. If you grow carp in a natural reservoir, then the main expenses are associated with the purchase of feed, about 20 rubles per 1 kg. For a small fish farm, it will take up to 5,000 rubles per month. Buying fry: 100 pieces = 400 rubles. To this should be added the cost of equipment, transportation costs, insurance premiums, etc. It takes 2-3 years for a carp to reach its selling weight. Thus, there is no need to expect quick profits. You can sell fish at a price of 80-100 rubles per kg. An additional income channel is paid fishing, along with the rental of fishing rods / boats, paid parking and other equipment. The profitability of the business, taking into account a well-established sales market, is at the level of 10%. The resulting profit can be used not only to expand the business, but also to acquire profitable assets. There are many possibilities for this, for example, investment in tenement houses. This is a time-tested method that works.

How much money do you need to start a business

Start-up costs for such a business depend on the method of breeding. If you create an artificial reservoir with a closed water supply device, you will need up to half a million rubles, and in some cases more. Carp breeding in natural reservoirs will significantly reduce this figure, approximately 10-20 times.

Which equipment to choose

To run a carp farming business effectively, you will need to purchase fishing rods, boats, camping tents and other equipment for paid fishing.

Which OKVED to indicate when registering a business

To register a business, you must specify OKVED Code 03.2 - Fish farming.

What documents are needed to open

A novice businessman will need to register an individual entrepreneur or LLC, which will require a passport, a copy of the IND code and a receipt for payment of the state fee. It is worth paying attention to the grants that exist in Russia from the Ministry of Agriculture. When registering which, there is a chance to receive a significant start-up capital or half of the funds invested in the business.

Which taxation system to choose for business registration

For doing business, the best option would be to tax the peasant, farm, economy with a loss of 6% of profits.

Do I need permission to open

It is obligatory for stocking a reservoir to obtain a special veterinary certificate, which is issued by the epidemiological committee. Also, the lease of the territory from the state will require a few more additional papers related to maintaining cleanliness and environmental safety. Thinking about making a quick income or dreaming of owning your own home? Mortgage seems unaffordable? Find out about the mortgage recipient's mistakes and how how to do it right. Do not lose your nerves and money by giving the bank more than 10 years.