Steel grade: 08ps (replacement: 08).

Class: high-quality carbon structural steel.

Industrial use: for gaskets, washers, forks, pipes, as well as parts subjected to chemical-thermal treatment - bushings, eyes, rods.

Hardness: HB 10 -1 = 131 MPa

Weldability of material: without restrictions, except for chemically and thermally treated parts; welding methods: RDS, ADS submerged arc with gas protection, KTS.

Forging temperature, o C: beginning 1250, end 800. Workpieces with a cross-section of up to 300 mm are cooled in air.

Flock Sensitivity: not sensitive.

Tendency to temper brittleness: not inclined.

Type of delivery:

• Long products, including shaped steel: GOST 2590-2006, GOST 2879-2006, GOST 8509-93, GOST 10702-78.
• Calibrated rod GOST 7417-75, GOST 8560-78, GOST 10702-78.
• Polished rod and silver steel GOST 10702-78, GOST 14955-77.
• Thin sheet GOST 16523-97, GOST 19903-74, GOST 19904-90, GOST 9045-93.
• Tape GOST 503-81, GOST 10234-77.
• Strip GOST 1577-93, GOST 82-70.
• Pipes GOST 10704-91, GOST 10705-80.
• Thick sheet GOST 4041-71, GOST 19903-74, GOST 1577-93.

Steel 08ps

Our website presents a variety of hardware, which can be purchased to order in any quantity. Also on the Atlant Metal portal you will find a lot useful information about various products, compositions and grades of steel. From this article you will learn facts about steel grade 08ps, which is a high-quality structural carbon steel. On our website it is easy to order products made from this material, as well as from steel grades 08ps5 and 08ps6.

In the name St08ps “St” is steel. The numbers that follow conventionally indicate the amount of carbon in the composition (in percent, in tenths)

The “PS” in the name stands for semi-tempered steel, one of three methods for deoxidizing steel. There is also boiling and calm.

Steel 08ps and its characteristics

This grade can be replaced with steel 08.

St08ps is widely used in industry. Various elements are made from it, which will subsequently experience chemical and thermal effects, for example, cylindrical parts with an axial hole, parts with a regular hole, suspension parts. Also, the characteristics of 08ps allow this steel to be used to create gaskets, fasteners, forks, and pipes.

For welding, the methods used are manual arc welding, submerged argon arc welding (gas protection required), and resistance spot welding. There are no restrictions on weldability. The only exception is elements subjected to chemical and thermal treatment.

Hardness of steel St08ps: HB 10 -1 = 131 MPa. The material is not sensitive to flakes. Not prone to temper brittleness.

If you are going to forge a product from this material, you must first work at a temperature of 1,250 degrees Celsius. In the end, it should drop to 800. Objects with a cross-section of up to 300 millimeters can be cooled in air.

Products made from steel grade 08ps

We offer you to purchase long and shaped rolled products, which are made from this material. Find out more details from our managers.

This steel is used to create rods with various types surface treatment, silver, strips and ribbons, metal sheets of different thicknesses.

Steel grade: 08kp (substitute: 08).

Class: high-quality carbon structural steel.

Industrial use: for gaskets, washers, forks, pipes, as well as parts subjected to chemical-thermal treatment - bushings, eyes, rods.

Hardness: HB 10 -1 = 179 MPa

Weldability of material: without restrictions, except for chemically and thermally treated parts; welding methods: RDS, ADS submerged arc with gas protection, KTS.

Forging temperature, o C: beginning 1250, end 800. Workpieces with a cross-section of up to 300 mm are cooled in air.

Flock Sensitivity: not sensitive.

Tendency to temper brittleness: not inclined.

Type of delivery:

• Long products, including shaped steel: GOST 2590-2006, GOST 2879-2006, GOST 8509-93, GOST 10702-78.
• Calibrated rod GOST 7417-75, GOST 8560-78, GOST 10702-78.
• Polished rod and silver steel GOST 10702-78, GOST 14955-77.
• Thin sheet GOST 16523-97, GOST 19903-74, GOST 19904-90, GOST 9045-93.
• Tape GOST 503-81, GOST 10234-77.
• Strip GOST 1577-93, GOST 82-70.
• Pipes GOST 10704-91, GOST 10705-80.
• Thick sheet GOST 4041-71, GOST 19903-74, GOST 1577-93.

We present to you the popular material 08kp. This is structural carbon quality steel. “KP” in the name means that the steel is boiling (meaning the degree of deoxidation of the steel). And “08” indicates a carbon content of about 0.08 percent. An analogue of 08kp is brand 08, which is its substitute.

If you are interested in information about various grades of steel, then you will find full descriptions of popular materials on the pages of our website. You can also order the products you are interested in from our company. Managers of the Atlant Metal company are always ready to advise you on issues of interest. Call us at any time, specialists work around the clock!

Steel 08kp and its characteristics

The material has unlimited weldability (this does not apply to elements processed by chemical and thermal methods). Products can be welded in various ways: using manual arc welding and resistance spot welding, argon arc submerged arc welding (addition - gas protection).

To start forging 08kp material, you need to heat the equipment to a temperature of 1,250 degrees Celsius. By the end of forging, it should be reduced to 800 degrees.

The material is not sensitive to flakes. 08kp steel is not prone to temper brittleness.

As for cooling, it must be done in the usual way for workpieces with a cross-section of more than 300 millimeters. If it is less, then the parts should be cooled in air.

Hardness St08kp: HB 10 -1 = 179 MPa.

Steel 08kp and its application

This material is used everywhere. In the industrial sphere, it is used for the manufacture of a number of parts, for example, fasteners, pipes, forks, and auxiliary elements. This grade is also used to create elements that will subsequently be processed by chemical and thermal methods, for example, parts with a cylindrical shape and an axial hole, rods and eyes.

Long and shaped steel is produced from steel 08kp in accordance with GOST 2590-2006, GOST 10702-78 and others. You can see various rods created from this material, which have been polished and calibrated. Silver is in great demand. Tapes and strips are used to make parts. Pipes made from this grade of steel are used in many areas. For the manufacture of blanks, sheets of different thicknesses are used.

Steel is a product of ferrous metallurgy, the main one. It is used to produce construction fittings, rolled metal of various profiles, pipes, parts, mechanisms and tools.

Steel production

Ferrous metallurgy also deals with steel. Cast iron is a hard, but not durable material. Steel is strong, reliable, ductile, prone to be used in foundry, rolling, forging and stamping.

There are several ways to smelt steel:

1. Converter. Equipment: Batch (raw materials): scrap steel, limestone. Only carbon steels are produced.
2. Martenovsky. Equipment: open hearth furnace. Charge: liquid iron, scrap steel, iron ore. Universal for both carbon and alloy steels.
3. Electric arc. Equipment: electric arc furnace. Charge: scrap steel, cast iron, coke, limestone. Universal method.
4. Induction. Equipment: induction furnace. Charge: steel and cast iron scrap, ferroalloys.

The essence of the steel production process is to reduce the amount of negative chemical inclusions in order to obtain a metal that is popularly called “iron”, or more precisely, an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content of no more than 2.14%.

Deoxidation processes

At the final stage of smelting, steel is characterized by a boiling process, which is influenced by the nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon oxides inherent in it. Such an alloy in the solidified state has a porous structure, which is removed by rolling. It is soft and flexible, but not strong enough.

The deoxidation process consists of deactivating boiling impurities by introducing ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, and aluminum into the alloy. Depending on the amount of residual gases and deoxidizing elements, the steel can be semi-quiet or calm.

Finished steel of the required degree of deoxidation is poured into molds for crystallization and use in subsequent technological stages of manufacturing finished steel products.

Carbon steel classification

All steel existing on the world market can be divided into carbon and alloy. All grades of carbon steel are divided according to different groups classifier and designation features.

Based on the main classification characteristics, the following are distinguished:

1. Carbon structural steels. They contain less than 0.8% carbon. They are used for the manufacture of fittings, rolled products and castings.
2. Carbon tool steels that contain carbon in an amount from 0.7% to 1.3%. They are used for tools and instrument equipment.

By deoxidation methods:

• boiling - deoxidizing elements (DE) in the composition of less than 0.05%;
• semi-quiet - 0.05%≤RE≤0.15%;
• calm - 0.15%≤RE≤0.3%.

By chemical composition:

• low-carbon (0.3%≤С);
• medium carbon (0.3≤С≤0.65%);
• high-carbon (0.65≤С≤1.3%).

Depending on the microstructure:

• hypoeutectoid - such steel contains less than 0.8% carbon in its composition;
• eutectoid - these are steels with a carbon content of 0.8%;
• hypereutectoid - steels with a carbon content of over 0.8%.

By quality:

1. Regular quality. Sulfur here contains less than 0.06%, phosphorus - no more than 0.07%.
2. High quality steel. They do not contain sulfur and phosphorus more than 0.04%.
3. High quality. The amount of sulfur here does not exceed 0.025%, and phosphorus - no more than 0.018%.

According to the main standard, carbon steel grades are divided into:

• structural ones of ordinary quality;
• structural quality;
• instrumental qualitative;
• instrumental high quality.

Features of marking of structural steel of ordinary quality

Ordinary quality steels contain: C - up to 0.6%, S - up to 0.06%, P - up to 0.07%. Let's look at how this carbon steel is marked. GOST 380 defines the following designation nuances:

• A, B, C - group; A - not indicated in stamps;
• 0-6 after the letters “St” - a serial number in which the chemical composition and (or) mechanical properties are encrypted;
• G - presence of Mangan Mn (manganese);
• kp, ps, sp - degree of deoxidation (boiling, semi-calm, calm).

The numbers from 1 to 6 after indicating the degree of deoxidation through a dash are categories. However, the first category is not designated in any way.

The letters M, K at the beginning of the brand can mean a metallurgical production method: open-hearth or oxygen-converter. By the way, carbon steels of ordinary quality are represented by a quantitative composition of grades, approximately 47 pieces.

Classification of structural steels of ordinary quality

Carbon steels of ordinary quality are divided into groups.

• Group A: steels that must precisely meet specified mechanical properties. They are supplied to the consumer most often in the form of sheet and multi-profile products (sheets, T-bars, I-beams, fittings, rivets and housings). Brands: St0, St1 - St6 (kp, ps, sp), categories 1-3, including St3Gps, St5Gps.
• Group B: steels that must be regulated by the required chemical composition and properties. Castings and rolled products are produced, which will be subjected to additional machining by pressure in a hot state (forging, stamping). Brands: BSt0, BSt1 (kp-sp), BSt2 (kp, ps), BSt3 (kp-sp, including BSt3Gps), BSt4 (kp, ps), BSt 6 (ps, sp), categories 1 and 2.
• Group B: steels that must meet the required chemical, physical, mechanical and technological properties. This group is characterized by a variety of grades from which ductile sheet metal is made, durable fittings for working in areas of significant temperature changes, and critical parts (bolts, nuts, axles, piston pins). All products of various compositions, properties and brands of this group are united by good technological weldability. Brands: VSt1-VSt6 (kp, ps, sp), VSt5 (ps, sp), including VSt3Gps, categories 1-6.

Structural steels of ordinary quality are alloys that have a wide variety of uses in industry.

Carbon Quality Steel Marking

High-quality carbon steels contain no more than 0.04% S and P, respectively.

Marking (GOST 1050-88):

• numbers 05-60 - encrypted presence of carbon (minimum - 0.05%, maximum - 0.6%);
• kp, ps, sp - degree of deoxidation (“sp” is not indicated);
• G, Yu, F - contain manganese, aluminum, vanadium.

Labeling exceptions

Carbon quality steels have exceptions in their markings:

• 15K, 20K, 22K - high-quality steels, applicable in boiler making;
• 20-PV - carbon - 0.2%, steel is applicable in the manufacture of pipes by hot rolling, in boiler building and installation of heating systems, contains copper and chromium;
• OSV - steel for the manufacture of carriage axles, contains nickel, chromium, copper.

All grades of high-quality steels are characterized by the possible need to use thermal (for example, normalization) and chemical heat treatment(for example, cementation).

Classification of carbon quality steels

This type of carbon steel can be divided into 4 groups:

1. Highly plastic material, suitable for cold machining (rolling), sheet and tube products. Grades - steel 08ps, steel 08, steel 08kp.
2. A metal used in hot rolling and stamping that will operate under thermally aggressive conditions. Grades - from steel 10 to steel 25.
3. Steel that has found application in the manufacture of critical parts, including springs, leaf springs, couplings, bolts, and shafts. Grades - from steel 60 to steel 85.
4. Steels that require reliable operation in aggressive conditions (for example, the chain of a caterpillar tractor). Grades steel 30, steel 50, steel 30G, steel 50G.

It is also possible to divide everything into 2 groups famous brands carbon steel from the quality class: conventional structural and manganese-containing structural.

Applications of Carbon Structural Steel

Carbon tool steels are characterized by high strength and toughness. They must undergo multi-stage heat treatment.

Brand designation (GOST 1435-74):

• U - carbon instrumental;
• 7 -13 - carbon content in it is 0.7-1.3%, respectively;
• G - presence of manganese in the composition;
• A - high quality.

Exceptions to the basic principles of marking carbon tool steels are the material for watch movement parts A75, ASU10E, AU10E.

Requirements for carbon tool steels

In accordance with GOST, tool steels must meet a number of characteristics.

Necessary physical, chemical and mechanical properties: quality indicators of hardness, impact strength, strength, resistance to temperature changes during operation (during cutting, drilling, shock loads), corrosion resistance.

Specified technological properties:

• resistance to negative processes of cutting technology (chip adhesion, hardening);
• good machinability by turning and grinding;
• flexibility to heat treatment;
• resistance to overheating.

To improve the quality of mechanical and technological parameters, tool steels are subjected to multi-stage heat treatment:

• annealing of the starting material before making tools;
• hardening (cooling in salt solutions) and subsequent tempering finished products(mostly low holiday).

The resulting properties are determined by the chemical composition and the resulting microstructure: martensite with cementite and austenite inclusions.

Use of carbon tool steels

The described steels are used for the manufacture of all kinds of tools: cutting, impact, auxiliary.

• Steel U7, U7A - hammers, chisels, axes, chisels, sledgehammers, chisels, fishhooks.
• Steel U8, U8A, U8G - saws, screwdrivers, punches, countersinks, cutters, pliers.
• Steel U9, U9A - metalworking tools, tools for cutting wood.
• U11, U11A - rasps, taps, auxiliary tools for stamping and calibration.
• U 12, U12A - reamers, taps, measuring tools.
• U13, U13A - files, razor and surgical instruments, stamping punches.

A rational choice of carbon steel grade, its heat treatment technology, an understanding of its properties and features is the key to long service life of manufactured, processed or used structures or tools.

Steel is encrypted with letters, denoting certain chemical elements, included in the brand or alloy.

For example, the letter X stands for chromium, N for nickel, K for cobalt, M for molybdenum, V for tungsten, T for titanium, D for copper, G for manganese, C for silicon,
F - vanadium, P - boron, A - nitrogen, B - niobium, E - selenium, C - zirconium, Yu - aluminum, H - indicates the presence of rare earth metals

There are also notations for different types steels depending on their composition and purpose.
Letter designations are also used to indicate the method of steel deoxidation:
KP - boiling steel
PS - semi-quiet steel
SP - mild steel

Structural steels of ordinary quality, unalloyed, are designated by the letters Art. (for example, Art. 3; Art. 3kp)

The number after the letters conventionally indicates the percentage of carbon in the steel (in tenths), the kp index indicates that the steel is boiling, i.e. incompletely deoxidized in the furnace and containing a small amount of ferrous oxide, which causes the steel to continue boiling in the mold. The absence of an index means that the steel is calm.

Structural unalloyed quality steels (for example, St. 10; Steel 20; St. 30; St. 45) are designated by a two-digit number indicating the average carbon content in the steel of 0.10%; 0.20%; etc.

Structural low-alloy 09G2S stands for steel, which contains about 0.09% carbon and the content of alloying components manganese, silicon and others is less than 2.5% in total.

Steels 10KhSND and 15KhSND are distinguished by the difference in carbon; in such steels the average content of each element is less than 1% percent, so numbers are not placed after the letter.

Structural alloy steels, such as 20X; 30X; 40X is designated by letters and numbers; in this case, the brand indicates the content of carbon and the main alloying element chromium. The numbers after each letter indicate the approximate content of the corresponding element, however, if the content of the alloying element is less than 1.5%, the number after the corresponding letter is not placed.

30KhGSA chromium-silicon-manganese steel has great strength and increased resistance to impact loads. The composition of the brand includes carbon 0.30%, in addition to carbon it contains manganese, silicon and chromium, in approximately equal proportions of 0.8-1.1%

The content of sulfur and phosphorus should not exceed 0.03% for each of these elements, therefore the letter A is placed at the end of such brands, which indicates additional quality indicators of the brands (for example, 20ХН4ФА; 38ХН3МА). Structural spring steels are also designated, such as 60S2A, 65G, where the first numbers indicate carbon in hundredths of a percent. (0.60 and 0.65 respectively).

Structural bearing steels are deciphered as follows: they are designated in the same way as alloy steels, the marking begins with the letter Ш (for example, ШХ4; ШХ15; ШХ15СГ). The number 15 indicates the content of alloying chromium, the approximate share of which is 1.5%, in ShKh4 steel 0.4%, respectively. There are many other brands; more information about the presence of elements and impurities in them can be found in our brand book; to do this, just use the search.

High-quality steels - for the production of steam boilers and high-pressure vessels, are designated as structural non-alloy steels, with the addition of the letter K (for example, 20K; 22K).

Cast structural steels are designated as high-quality and alloyed, but at the end of the name they put the letter L (35ХМЛ; 40ХЛ, etc.).

Construction steels are designated by the letter C and numbers corresponding to the minimum yield strength of the steel. Additionally, the following designations are used: T - heat-strengthened rolled steel, K - increased corrosion resistance (for example, S345T; S390K, etc.). Similarly, the letter D denotes high copper content (C345D; C375D).

Unalloyed tool steels are divided into high-quality, denoted by the letter U and a number indicating the average carbon content (for example, U7; U8; U10) and high-quality, denoted by an additional letter A at the end of the name (for example, U8A; U10A; U12A) or an additional letter G , indicating an additional increase in manganese content (for example, U8GA).

Alloyed tool steels are designated in the same way as structural alloyed steels. Let's take a brand like HVG, the decoding of this brand shows the presence of the main alloying elements in it: Chromium, Tungsten, Manganese. This steel differs from 9ХВГ because it has a higher carbon content, approximately 1%, which is why the number is not placed at the beginning of the grade.

High-speed steels are deciphered as follows - such grades have the letter P (the designation of steel begins with this), followed by a number indicating the average tungsten content (for example, P18; P9), then followed by letters and numbers determining the mass content of elements. (for example, R6M5 steel) the number 5 shows the proportion of molybdenum in this grade. The chromium content is not indicated, since it is consistently about 4% in all high-speed steels and carbon, since the latter is always proportional to the vanadium content. It should be noted that if the vanadium content exceeds 2.5%, the letter F and a number are indicated (for example, R6M5F3 steel).

Unalloyed electrical steel ARMKO, as it is also called: technically pure iron (for example, 10880; 20880, etc.) Such grades contain a minimal amount of carbon, less than 0.04%, due to which they have a very low electrical resistivity. The first digit indicates the type of processing (1 - forged or hot rolled, 2 - calibrated). The second digit 0 means that the steel is unalloyed, without a standardized aging coefficient; 1 with a normalized aging coefficient. The third digit indicates the group according to the main standardized characteristic. The fourth and fifth are the amount of value of the main standardized characteristic.

Aluminum alloys are marked according to the following principle: grades of casting alloys have the first letter A, followed by L. Alloys for forging and stamping after the letter A have the letter K. After these two letters the conditional number of the alloy is placed.

The accepted designations for deformed alloys are as follows: avial alloy - AB, aluminum-magnesium alloy - AMg, aluminum-manganese - AMts. Duralumins are designated by the letter D followed by a conventional number.

For a metal specialist, deciphering steel grades is a simple and straightforward task.

Steel markings were developed in the USSR and are still in effect in Russia and the CIS.

In practice, many structural carbon steels are used - both St5 and St10, but we will consider the characteristics of 08PS steel.

Chemical composition

Steel grade 08PS is classified as structural carbon steel. Chemical composition regulated by GOST 1050 - 88. It determines the mass fraction of elements that make up the 08PS alloy, the data is given below:

• carbon from 0.05 to 0.11%;
• silicon from 0.05 to 0.17%;
• manganese from 0.35 to 0.65%;
• chromium no more than 0.10%.

Decoding

The name of steel 08PS is deciphered as follows:

• 08 amount of carbon;
• ps is an indicator of steel deoxidation, in this case it is semi-quiet.

There are three types of deoxidation, that is, removal of oxygen. Semi-quiet steel occupies an intermediate position between boiling and calm steel, while it contains all the positive properties of materials subjected to deoxidation by other means.

Properties

In general, this material shows good strength characteristics and hardness parameters. The positive features of 08PS include the fact that it is completely calm under the influence of various loads. If it does not exceed certain limits, then the product retains its original shape. But it should be noted that it may be deformed for some time with subsequent restoration. During the recovery period, the product will be in a tense state.

When choosing this material, it is necessary to remember that any material has a yield point, overcoming which the steel comes out of elastic deformation and begins to collapse.

Grade 8PS has good weldability. For welding operations, any existing technologies can be used. But we must take into account that after heat treatment, parts made from this alloy cannot be used for welded structures.

Analogs

When choosing 8PS steel for the manufacture of structures, the designer must remember that it can always be replaced with its closest analogue - grade 08. There are also foreign analogues:

• USA - A620;
• Germany - DC01;
• PRC - 08F.

Choosing as a substitute imported materials, it is necessary to remember that the delivery package must also include appropriate certificates confirming the quality of the material and its compliance with GOST.

Steel range 8PS

Enterprises of the metallurgical complex of our country produce the following types of products:

• rolled products, both shaped and long - GOST 1088;
• rod, including calibrated - 10702;
• sheet, strip - GOST 4041, GOST 1577.

Heat treatment

Heat treatment of the material improves its quality characteristics, and there is no need to add other substances to the melt. After this operation, the strength of the alloy increases. Sometimes it is used for parts that will be used in load-bearing structures. For heat treatment of steel grade 08ps, hardening, tempering, and annealing are used.

The first operation ensures that the required hardness is obtained. After hardening, the parts can be cooled in any environment (water, oil, etc.).

To eliminate stresses arising in the internal structure of the metal, tempering is used. After the operation, products made from steel 08ps gain greater hardness and strength. To align the internal structure and eliminate unnecessary plasticity, the alloy is annealed.

Mechanical restoration

To obtain rolled parts made from 08PS steel, it makes sense to clean the surface from scale, traces of oil and other contaminants. To do this, you can use both brushes with metal bristles and small-scale mechanization tools, for example, an angle grinder (grinder).

At the procurement sites of enterprises that use rolled metal from 8PS, they install guillotine shears, Geller saws, press shears and other equipment that allows cutting of both sheet and profile rolled products.

The technological properties of this material allow it to be used for the manufacture of parts using bending methods. It can be performed using either manual bending machines or special machines.