Subject. Types of reps nodes Weaving horizontal and diagonal brids

• Familiarize yourself with the organization of the workplace, types of rep units, their designation on diagrams;
• Learn how to weave horizontal and diagonal bridles from rep knots;
• Form attention and logical thinking;
• Develop interest;
• Foster accuracy and work culture

Materials for weaving macrame

Materials for weaving macrame must be strong, twisted and pliable.

Threads can be thick or thin

Threads use cotton, linen, synthetic, silk, hemp, hemp cords, ribbons, ropes, twines

Tools for weaving macrame

For weaving macrame use:

a pillow stuffed with sawdust or sand;

Styrofoam;

pins, scissors, measuring tape, glue, crochet hooks

Weaving rep knots

Rep knots are widely used to form a dense fabric or openwork pattern.

They are right-handed and left-handed.

Formation of horizontal breeds

Rows of turnip nodes form breeds. Breeds are horizontal

Formation of diagonal bridges

If rep knots are woven at an angle of 45 degrees,

Diagonal bridges are formed.

Rep knot weaving technique

Right loop knot (rep)

With your left hand, vertically pull the guide thread, which is located on the left side.

Take the working thread in your right hand, wrap it around the guide thread, pull the end of the working thread into the loop that has formed and tighten the knot. The left loop knot is performed in a mirror image.

Formation of patterns

Pattern of diagonal bridles

Zigzag pattern made from diagonal bridles

Formation of patterns

Diamond pattern made from diagonal bridles

Braided keychains made from vertical brids

Presentation on the topic: “Macrame. History of origin. Their types, materials, devices. Requirements for material for weaving macrame. » Completed by: Mubarakshin B. N. Gr. 10 -21321

History The technique of this knot weaving has been known since ancient times, from the first tying of knots on a stone ax and the first mat. Macrame came to Europe in the 8th-9th centuries from the East. This technique was known in Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Iran, Peru, China, and Ancient Greece. Nowadays, there are 6 types of knot weaving, and hundreds of various knots.

The sailing fleet greatly helped the development of macrame. Since ancient times, sailors have woven nets, spliced ​​cables using knots, braided various structures, and decorated steering wheels with wicker tires. About four thousand sea knots are known. Combinations of knots were often unusually complex. Many sea knots, due to their beauty and originality, have become an artistic craft - macrame. The resulting patterns are not only beautiful, but also durable.

Types of macrame: Hercules knot Right flat knot Left flat knot Square flat knot General square knot Gourmet knot Horizontal knot Triple horizontal knot

Hercules Knot The first and therefore basic macrame knot. It is performed in this way: we place 2 threads vertically, attaching with a pin. We draw the right thread under the left, then the left one from bottom to top, forming a loop. Next, we draw the right one over the left thread and again make a loop with the left one. Now we tighten the knot.

Right flat knot This knot is made like this: bend 2 pieces of thread in half and fasten it. We distribute their 4 ends from right to left: 1 and 4 are working, and 2 and 3 are the basis for tightening the knots. We take working thread No. 4 (on the right side) and pass it under the adjacent warp and from below into the loop that has formed between them.

Left flat knot Fasten 2 threads again. We take the outermost working thread on the right side and pass it under the warp, and then place it on the working thread on the left side. We take the working thread on the left, place it on the warp and draw it from above into the loop between the warp and the working thread on the right side.

Square Flat Knot This knot is created by combining a right flat knot with a left one. To finish the square knot, we make a lock on the right. But if you place the left flat knot first and then the right one, the lock will be on the left.

General square knot This type of macrame knot differs from the previous one in the number of threads used, which depends on the pattern. If we use 5 or more threads, then this is already a common square knot. That is, this type of knot is used in each case individually, distributing the working threads and warp threads differently.

Horizontal knot It can be performed from left to right and from right to left. We strengthen 2 threads so that we get 4 ends. We distribute them: the first thread on the left is the warp, and all the rest are working. We place the first thread on the workers from left to right, and mark the turn of this thread with a pin. The base must be kept horizontal and slightly stretched. We throw the second working thread over the warp to the left side. We lay the thread, not forgetting to tension the warp. Next, we bring this thread forward, put it on the warp, and then down into the loop. We tighten the threads and thereby lay the made loops together.

Then we weave 3-4 threads in the same way and get a whole series of horizontal knots. We reproduce horizontal nodes from right to left. We take the third thread, draw it over the warp to the right side, bring it forward, then onto the warp and down into the loop. Next we knit the 2nd and 1st threads. Do not forget to hold the base and stretch it a little. “Gourmand” knot This type of knot is performed on the basis of the right and left flat knots, using them in the established sequence.

Triple horizontal knot In this type of macrame knot, the extended fastening method is used. Again we prepare 4 ends, the base will be the first thread, on it we knit a horizontal knot with the second thread. Next, again lay the second thread on the base and insert it down into the loop. Having mastered the basic knots in practice, you can proceed to more complex macrame techniques: patterns and chains.

Materials for weaving can be very different: hemp or linen ropes, paper twine, cord or silk fishing line, linen, cotton, silk or synthetic threads, flat braid, sisal. The main thing is to choose the right nodes.

Accessories: Small clamps, for attaching to a table. Foam cushion or piece of foam plastic (for weaving products of irregular shape), attached to a table or the back of a chair. Metal rings for making flowerpots and lampshades.

Requirements for material for weaving macrame: Material for weaving macrame must be strong, moderately twisted and pliable. If you want to get a clear relief pattern, then the material for weaving macrame needs to be tightly twisted. The threads can be lengthened when weaving macrame. After all, it is not always possible to cut the required length of thread. You can do it differently. You need to swap the long and short threads. But it is best to attach one end of the thread to the other using knots. In this case, the excess ends of the thread can be easily cut off. It is very easy to connect nylon threads, as they melt.

History of macrame. "Macrame" is knot weaving, one of the most ancient and amazing types of needlework. The history of “macrame” goes back centuries; a person may have tied the first knot when he needed to make a fishing net to get food for himself. At different times, humanity treated knots differently. Many signs and superstitions were associated with knots in people’s lives. The inventors of the most ingenious and practical knots were sailors. Translated from Arabic it means lace, braid, fringe, the basis of which is a knot.

Macrame is one of the types of decorative and applied arts. The basis of macrame is weaving (tying) knots. The macrame technique was known in Ancient Greece, Ancient Egypt, Iraq, Assyria, China, and Peru. Macrame was periodically forgotten, and then revived again. Interest in macrame is also due to the fact that anyone can master knot weaving techniques; the possibilities of macrame are endless.

Weaving materials. Materials for weaving can be very different: - hemp or linen ropes, - paper twine, - cord or silk fishing line, - linen, cotton, silk or synthetic threads, - flat braid, sisal. The main thing is to choose the right nodes.

Zyuzina Nadezhda Petrovna primary school teacher MBOU secondary school No. 70 Lipetsk city Russia

Presentation on the topic: “Macrame”

Subject: technology

3rd grade

Macrame is the oldest handicraft on Earth. Its history dates back thousands of years. The first knot appeared when the need to connect two threads first arose. There are different interpretations of the word "macrame". Translated from Turkish, this is an elegant scarf. Translated from Arabic it means scarf. The origins of the art of weaving should be sought in Ancient China and Japan. But archaeologists confirm the spread of weaving in other countries of the ancient world. Thus, examples of weaving were found in Egyptian tombs that are four thousand years old.

At different times in different countries this art was treated differently. In Ancient Rome, there was a ban on having at least one knot on clothing. In Ancient Rus', tying knots meant, as V.I. writes. Dahl, “to conjure, bewitch.” However, later in Rus' they began to attribute good magical properties to knots. The “kalach” (simple) knot symbolized happiness, wealth and fertility. Two “rolls” - well-being. And some peoples of the East had a system of knotted writing, thanks to which people saved and transmitted information. There was a belief that by untying and tying knots, various diseases could be cured. So the ancient Greeks were confident in the magical power of the Hercules knot. Warriors used it to bandage their wounds. The Hercules knot was worn around the neck like a talisman. The sailors wove chains and tied them to the tops of the masts, firmly believing that they would protect them from harm .

In the 13th century, macrame from the countries of the East, thanks to sailors and travelers, entered Europe. The 18th century is considered the golden age of macrame. This technique was used to decorate and furnish rooms - weaving tablecloths, bedspreads, lampshades. They created wardrobe elements: capes, hoods. Particularly exquisite lace was woven from gold threads.

In the 13th century, macrame from the countries of the East, thanks to sailors and travelers, entered Europe. The 18th century is considered the golden age of macrame. This technique was used to decorate and furnish rooms - weaving tablecloths, bedspreads, lampshades. They created wardrobe elements: capes, hoods. Particularly exquisite lace was woven from gold threads.

Now this type of needlework is becoming popular. The combination of the same units in different versions makes it possible to create products from simple to complex. The choice of a knot or pattern, drawing up a design of a product depends on your imagination and imagination. Taste and a sense of proportion are very important - each node should be clearly visible and emphasize the beauty of the neighboring one. You can weave from any thread or rope. They use clothesline and hemp rope, silk, linen, curtain, fishing and synthetic cord, twine, soutache, fishing line, bulky yarn, gray, linen, and cotton threads. Using the macrame technique you can make: bags, wallets, watch straps, belts, bookmarks, glasses cases, shawls, ties, collars, pendants. Your wardrobe will be refreshed by wicker details: shoulder straps, pockets, cuffs. Woven carpets, curtains, and flowerpots look good in the interior.

The possibilities of this art are very great. The products will advantageously decorate your wardrobe and apartment interior. The main thing is your desire and imagination.

Try it!

We wish you success!

Literature:

makrame xa.com

narodko.ru › article/ornament/lacy/

makrame .htm

sovets.net › Macrame

Tying knots in a rope for its practical use is one of the oldest inventions of mankind. It can be assumed that primitive man came up with a dozen or two knots and learned to weave nets before he learned to make fire. Apparently, he began to use the knot long before he invented the ploughshare, the wheel, the needle, the axe, and the bow and arrow. The existence of primitive man, his life, cannot be imagined without a rope made from vines, plant fibers, strips of leather or animal tendons.

The ability to tie knots on a rope and weave nets in ancient times was highly valued and was considered a family heritage. It was jealously guarded from strangers and passed on from father to son, from generation to generation.

However, the inventors of the most ingenious and practical knots were sailors. A sailing ship that appeared more than five thousand years ago was unthinkable without the ropes that secured the masts and supported the sails.

By the time of the heyday of the sailing fleet, there were about 500 knots in the maritime industry. In addition to knots, sailors of the past used many different practically necessary weaves in their work. However, most of the various kinds of weaving and ornaments made from rope were invented by sailors... out of boredom. Let us remember that in the old days, sailing ships often lasted for years. To pass the time off duty, the sailors did handicrafts. Their materials were time-worn ropes made of manila, hemp and sisal.

Sailors gave wicker items that were amazing in design and magnificent in execution to their wives and loved ones upon returning to shore after a long separation. Over time, women learned from sailors the art of turning a simple rope into an elegant and useful thing.

Macrame is a type of needlework, the basis of which is a knot, which initially originated from the simple functional need to connect two threads, but gradually became more complex and acquired decorative significance.

There are different interpretations of the word "macrame". In Europe, this word was first used in the 19th century in the meaning of “knot weaving”. More ancient is the Arabic word "migramah", meaning "scarf" or "shawl", and the Turkish word "macrama", meaning "dressy scarf" or "shawl with fringe". Apparently, the word has undergone a historical change while traveling across countries.

The history of knot weaving is contemporary with the history of mankind. There is an opinion that the origins of the decorative art of weaving should be sought in ancient China and Japan. But archaeological finds in other countries confirm the spread of knot weaving in other parts of the world, for example, samples of knot weaving were found in Egyptian tombs that are more than 4 thousand years old.

In the history of mankind, differently tied knots played another important role; they were a way of accumulating and transmitting information from generation to generation. In the ancient Inca culture, there was a developed system of knotted writing, and in archaeological excavations, rosary beads in the form of a necklace made of knots were also found. The writing system could be deciphered by shape, size, color and the mutual combination of nodes. A similar type of application of this technique was found in ancient China and among the Indians of North America. To this day, a custom has been preserved: in order not to forget, tie a knot as a keepsake.

Throughout its history, macrame has repeatedly suffered oblivion, but has invariably been revived, introducing new techniques, new materials and methods of application.

As in ancient times, the use of decorative knotted weaving for decorating clothes has been preserved to this day. The macrame technique was used to create a wide variety of wardrobe elements: capes, hoods, elegant lace and fringe. Particularly exquisite lace was woven from gold threads and used to trim the clothing of noble nobles.

In the 13th century, the knotting technique from the countries of the East penetrated through Spain into Europe. This process was actively promoted by sailors who used the knowledge of tying knots not only in their direct work, but also to create household items, which then spread throughout different countries.

In the 15th century, after the Crusades, weaving as a decorative art began to develop in Italy, and in Western Europe it reached particular popularity in the 18th century. The Victorian era in England is considered the “golden age” of macrame. The use of this technique was especially popular for creating interior components - tablecloths, bedspreads, lampshades, for finishing screens and chair surfaces.