The production of alcoholic beverages belongs to the category of food production and occupies a special place (both in the state economy and in domestic politics) due to the specificity of the finished product. Factors that distinguish these industries from the food industry:

• High production profitability with relatively low requirements for technological equipment.
• Stability and predictability of the sales market.
• High degree of impact on the consumer by changes related to the quality, volume and price of products.

The beginning of vodka production is associated with the work of D.I. Mendeleev, who conducted research on the sublimation of various chemical compounds, although the first mentions of analogues of this drink (aqua-vita) date back to the beginning of the 15th century. Mendeleev, through his experiments, practically substantiated the influence of the percentage ratios of water and alcohol on the quality of purification of sublimation products from impurities, which was enshrined in his doctoral dissertation “Discourse on the combination of alcohol with water.” At the end of the 19th century, a state standard was established. But only Russia could afford to produce 3.5 buckets of vodka from 350 kg of grain, malt and brewer's yeast, not to mention charcoal or milk for purification.

Distillery structure

A distillery is a production structure of the food industry with the characteristics of a chemical enterprise. A typical plant layout includes the following workshops and divisions:

• a workshop for receiving and storing raw materials (alcohol, raw components of liqueurs and tinctures), which includes quality control laboratories;
• the water treatment shop works to bring the composition of natural water to the recipe parameters;
• vodka workshop, which mixes and purifies vodka from impurities (filtration and leveling areas, quality laboratory);
• bottling shop, which ensures the preparation and movement of containers, packaging of finished products;
• the workshop for the production of liqueurs and tinctures includes departments for the pre-blending preparation of raw materials, blending and syrup making;
• transport workshop.

The specific structure depends on the volume and range of products produced. VNTP 35-93 is taken as the basis. “Technological design standards for alcoholic beverage industry enterprises.”

Distillery production in Russia

Liquor and vodka (distillery) production in Russia has always been under complete (monopoly) control of the state. In Tsarist Russia, the participation of private capital took place on “buyout” terms, which strictly determined the volume and quality of products. The only period in history when production was demonopolized was 1991-1993. This led to the emergence of a large number of criminal and semi-criminal industries that do not have high-quality production technologies, and undermined the economic base of state-owned enterprises. The consequences of this action are felt to this day.

There are about 30 large producers of alcoholic beverages in Russia. Their number is not constant due to a number of reasons:

• merger, division or bankruptcy of enterprises under the influence of market conditions and the pressure of “gray” alcohol products;
• strict requirements of government bodies in terms of financial (excise duty) and technological (volume control) discipline;
• fierce competition between manufacturers.

Currently, production capacity is sufficient to saturate the market, which, with a slight decrease in demand, leads to increased competition. The only direction for increasing competitiveness that is not limited by the state is improving product quality.

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Vodka production is a fairly delicate process, and the quality of the finished product directly depends on the degree of water purification. The production of the most popular alcoholic drink in our country can be considered economically feasible, since the product will always be in demand, regardless of the economic situation in the state.

Features of organizing a vodka production business

1. Organizational and legal form of business – individual entrepreneur or LLC with a simplified taxation system.

2. To conduct business activities, you must indicate the following OKVED code: 15.91 – Production of distilled alcoholic beverages.

Before launching the production line, you must familiarize yourself with the list of state standards: GOST R51355-99, GOST R52472-2005 and international quality standards.

3. Obtaining a production license after providing a package of documents and paying the state fee.

4. Drawing up a declaration and a voluntary certificate of conformity for vodka.

5. Obtaining excise stamps of a new type (1600 rubles per 1000 pieces).

Factory technology for vodka production

In the process of making vodka, every detail matters and affects the final taste of the alcoholic drink. Most manufacturers have their own secrets regarding purification and filtration of the product, but in general the technological process for producing vodka is identical for all.

Elite varieties of vodka are prepared on the basis of malt alcohol, which is produced using a special technology.

Feedstock– sprouted grain allows you not to use artificial additives during the fermentation process. Malt alcohol is fermented using exclusively natural enzymes; it gives the finished product a specific taste (without burning) and a sweetish aftertaste. An equally important component is the quality of water, which should preferably be used from wells in ecologically clean areas. Water obtained from natural sources has unique characteristics and special mineralization properties. The quality of the water used must be monitored by a technologist

In order for all ingredients to retain their beneficial and natural properties without the use of chemical substitutes, it is necessary to strictly follow all stages of the production process:

• water preparation;
• purchasing or preparing alcohol;
• mixing a water-alcohol mixture;
• filtration;
• processing with coal and silver;
• settling;
• bottling of finished products.

Before starting vodka production, the salt content in the water is studied; it should be minimal. Its volume in the total mass should be about 60%. At this stage, water is purified through sedimentation and filtration. It is important to note that it is strictly not recommended to boil (distill) water; in this case, the alcoholic drink will lose its unique taste and become hard.

Wheat is often used as the main raw material for the production of vodka alcohol. At the same time, the addition of barley, corn and even peas is allowed. You can make alcohol yourself or order it from distilleries. In the latter case, it is much more difficult to control its quality.

During the sorting process, alcohol and water in the required proportions are fed into closed sorting tanks and mixed. The resulting liquid is subjected to additional repeated purification. At this stage, other ingredients that are provided for in the recipe can be added. For example, to obtain lemon vodka, lemon juice (flavoring) is added to the mixture. Next, the water-alcohol mixture passes through a filter with quartz sand, and then triple filtration occurs through columns filled with activated carbon and ionized silver. In closed sorting tanks, the aqueous-alcoholic liquid is mixed with special devices.

The mixture then passes through columns of quartz sand. This ancient and labor-intensive method will give the vodka softness and pleasant taste. At each stage of the production process, the technologist must check the quality of the drink using physical and chemical analysis.

It is necessary to clean quartz filters periodically, since the sediment that forms will interfere with normal cleaning.

Before the final stage vodka enters special tanks, where it “calms down and rests,” chemical processes slow down, and water and alcohol are evenly distributed. The more days the vodka is allowed to sit, the fuller its taste becomes.

According to the standards, assimilation(settling of the finished mixture) should last at least 48 hours. According to experienced technologists, this time is not enough. Therefore, for many manufacturers, settling can last up to 7 days. Premium varieties “rest” for about 3 months, which makes their taste even more rich and refined.

The bottling process is carried out on special automatic lines - the alcoholic drink is poured into a bottle and sealed with a special stopper, after which a label is applied.

The final stage involves packaging the vodka and sending it to the finished product warehouse.

Equipment for vodka production workshop

It is quite difficult to achieve a high level of quality in vodka products without the use of modern equipment, and it is almost impossible to produce stable supplies without production automation.

We purchase equipment for the production of vodka

• Pasteurizer (Fig. 14) – 110,000 rubles;
• Three tanks (Fig. 15) – 150,000 rubles;
• Bottle washing machine (Fig. 16) – 240,000 rubles;
• Packaging machine for bottling (Fig. 17) – 510,000 rubles;
• Automatic machine for gluing labels and excise stamps (Fig. 18) – 430,000 rubles;
• Optional equipment:
  • installation for softening and purifying water – 180,000 rubles.
  • coal column (volume 1.6 cubic meters) – 65,000 rubles;
  • single-flow sand filter – RUB 54,000;
  • conveyor - 35,000 rubles;
  • thermal tunnel for heating caps – 28,000 rubles.

Total: 1,802,000 rubles.

It is possible to purchase a ready-made production line made in Italy or France, which provides for full automation. Its use allows you to protect against errors that are associated with the “human factor”. The work of maintenance personnel and the maintenance of reporting documentation will also be significantly simplified. The only drawback of such equipment is the high price (6-7 million rubles), which may be “unaffordable” for a novice entrepreneur.

Subsequently, in connection with the development and payback of the business, this equipment can be seamlessly integrated into existing production.

Vodka production business plan

To start the production process, at least 100 m2 of area must be allocated for the workshop. The cost of renting non-residential premises will be 15,000 rubles per month.

Product strategy of the mini-factory: vodka produced in two varieties: Standard and Premium. A distinctive feature of the products will be environmental friendliness and quality. The monthly production volume will be 5,000 deciliters.

The costs of raw materials consist of the following components:

• Water from a natural source – 120,000 rubles;
• Alcohol - 180,000 rubles;
• Container – 72,000 rubles;
• Labels – 15,000 rubles;
• Traffic jams – 13,000 rubles;

Total: 450,000 rubles.

The monthly payroll of employees is 329,000 rubles:

• Basic salary - 230,000 rubles;
• Additional salary - 16,000 rubles;
• Payroll taxes (36.1%) – 83,000 rubles;

The expense part of the business plan consists of the following monthly costs:

• Raw materials and basic materials - 450,000 rubles;
• Auxiliary materials – 45,000 rubles;
• Utility bills – 15,000 rubles;
• Payroll (40 people) – 329,000 rubles;
• Deductions for production needs (39% of the payroll) - 128,310 rubles;
• Rent of an industrial building – 15,000 rubles;
• Shop expenses (50% of clause 4) – 164,500 rubles;
• Losses from defects (4.5% of clause 6) – 7402.50 rubles;
• Non-production expenses (5% of item 7) – 370.12 rubles;
• Depreciation of equipment – ​​10,000 rubles.

Total direct costs (p/p 1-5) – 982,310 rubles.

Total indirect expenses (p/p 7-10) – 182,272.62 rubles.

Planned cost = Direct costs + Indirect costs = 982,310 rub. + 182,272.62 rub. = 1,164,582.62 rub.

Total cost of work = planned cost + planned profit (20% of planned cost) + income tax (20% of profit) = 1,164,582.62 rubles. + 232,916.52 rub. + 46,583.30 rub. = 1,444,082.45 rubles.

Processing cost = Planned cost - Material costs = RUB 1,164,582.62 - RUB 450,000. = 714,582.62 rubles.

Let's determine the retail price of 1 bottle of vodka: Let's assume 100% sales of finished products, at which the final cost of 1 bottle of vodka, taking into account the cost, will be: = 142.92 rubles/dal x 2 = 285.83 rubles/dal.

Calculation of revenue, profit and profitability

Sales revenue = Planned price x Monthly output = 285.83 rubles/dal. x 5000 gave. = 1,429,150 rubles.

Profit from sales = Revenue – Cost = 1,429,150 rubles - 1,164,582.62 rubles. = 264,567.40 rubles.

Net profit (less 20% income tax) = 264,567.40 – 52,913.48 = 211,653.93 rubles.

Product profitability = Profit from sales / Cost = 264,567.40 / 1,164,582.62 = 0.23.

Profitability of production = Profit from sales / Cost of processing = 264,567.40 / 714,582.62 = 0.37.

Thus, the production of vodka is an economically viable production process, since it generates a profit of 211,654 rubles per month and has a good profitability indicator (37%).

Sales of finished products

To increase sales of an alcoholic beverage, the main emphasis should be on the quality of the finished product. To do this, you must strictly adhere to the approved recipe, accurately select ingredients and exercise strict control of the production process at all its stages.

At first, to make the product recognizable to potential consumers, the most effective method would be to conduct an advertising campaign. During its implementation, it is necessary to focus on the presence of unique properties of vodka, testing it by independent laboratories, obtaining quality certificates and an affordable price.