Botova Valentina Vasilievna

Pioneers are heroes

1975

Higher education, Shadrinsk State Pedagogical Institute

Specialty “Pedagogy and methods of primary education”, qualification primary school teacher

Municipal educational institution "Petukhovskaya secondary school No. 2", teacher

15 years

641640, Kurgan region, Petukhovo, st. Lenina, 114.

5. www 1941-1945.at.ua

8. www.wikipedia.org

Figures and facts For military services during the Great Patriotic War, tens of thousands of children and pioneers were awarded orders and medals. Four pioneer heroes were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union: Lenya Golikov, Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova. The Order of Lenin was awarded to Tolya Shumov, Vitya Korobkov, Volodya Kaznacheev; Order of the Red Banner Volodya Dubinin, Yuliy Kantemirov, Andrey Makarikhin, Kostya Kravchuk; Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree Petya Klypa, Valery Volkov, Sasha Kovalev; Order of the Red Star Volodya Samorukha, Shura Efremov, Vanya Andrianov, Vitya Kovalenko, Lenya Ankinovich. Hundreds of pioneers were awarded the medal “Partisan of the Great Patriotic War”, more than the medal “For the Defense of Leningrad”, and more than the medal “For the Defense of Moscow”.

The title of Hero of the USSR Hero of the Soviet Union is the highest degree of distinction in the USSR. An honorary title awarded for accomplishment of a feat or outstanding merit during hostilities, and also, as an exception, in peacetime. The title was first established by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated April 16, 1934; an additional insignia for the Hero of the Soviet Union, the Gold Star medal, was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated August 1, 1939.

Lenya Golikov Born June 17, 1926. in the village of Lukino, Novgorod region, in a working-class family. Graduated from 5th grade. He worked at the plywood factory 2 in the village of Parfino. Brigade scout of the 67th detachment of the fourth Leningrad partisan brigade, operating in the Novgorod and Pskov regions. Participated in 27 combat operations. In total, he destroyed: 78 Germans, two railway and 12 highway bridges, two fodder warehouses and 10 vehicles with ammunition. Accompanied a convoy with food (250 carts) to besieged Leningrad. For valor and courage he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, the medals “For Courage” and the Partisan of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree. On August 13, 1942, a grenade blew up a car in which German Major General Richard von Wirtz was located. The intelligence officer delivered a briefcase with documents to the brigade headquarters. Among them were drawings and descriptions of new models of German mines and other important military papers. Nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. On January 24, 1943, in an unequal battle in the village of Ostraya Luka, Pskov Region, Leonid Golikov died.

Marat Kazei During the war, Anna Kazei hid wounded partisans in her home, for which she was hanged by the Germans in Minsk in 1942. After the death of her mother, Marat and her older sister Ariadne (pictured) joined the partisan detachment. When leaving the encirclement, Ariadna Kazei froze her legs; she was flown to the mainland, where she had to have both legs amputated. Later she graduated from a pedagogical institute, became a Hero of Socialist Labor, and a deputy of the Supreme Council. Marat, as a minor (born in 1929), was also offered to evacuate, but he refused and remained in the detachment. Subsequently, Marat was a scout at the headquarters of the partisan brigade named after. K.K. Rokossovsky. In addition to reconnaissance, he participated in raids and sabotage. For courage and courage in battles he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, medals “For Courage” (wounded, raised partisans to attack) and “For Military Merit”. Returning from reconnaissance and surrounded by Germans, Marat Kazei blew himself up and his enemies with a grenade.

Valya Kotik was born in 1930 in the Ukrainian village of Khmelevka into a peasant family. By the beginning of the war, he had just entered the 6th grade. In the fall of 1941, together with his comrades, he killed the head of the field gendarmerie near the city of Shepetovka, throwing a grenade at the car in which he was driving. Since 1942, he was a liaison officer for the Shepetivka underground organization, then took part in battles. Since August 1943, in the partisan detachment named after Karmelyuk, he was wounded twice. In October 1943, he discovered an underground telephone cable, which was soon blown up. The connection between the invaders and Hitler's headquarters in Warsaw ceased. He also contributed to the destruction of six railway trains and a warehouse. On October 29, 1943, while on patrol, I noticed punitive forces about to launch a raid on the detachment. Having killed the officer, he raised the alarm, and, thanks to his actions, the partisans managed to repel the enemy. In the battle for the city of Izyaslav in the Khmelnitsky region on February 16, 1944, he was mortally wounded and died the next day. He was buried in the center of the park in the city of Shepetivka. In 1958, Valya was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Memory Streets (in Bor, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Kaliningrad, Kiev, Krivo Rog, Nizhny Novgorod, Donetsk, Shepetovka), pioneer squads, schools, a motor ship, and a pioneer camp (in Tobolsk) were named after Valya Kotik. In 1957, the film “Eaglet”, dedicated to Valya Kotik and Marat Kazei, was shot at the Odessa Film Studio. Monuments to the hero were erected: in Moscow in 1960 (at VDNKh, now the All-Russian Exhibition Center); in Shepetivka in 1960 (sculptors L. Skiba, P. Flit, I. Samotes); in Bor

Zina Portnova Born on February 20, 1926 in the city of Leningrad into a working-class family. Graduated from 7th grade. At the beginning of June 1941, she came for school holidays to the village of Zuya, Vitebsk Region (Belarus). After the Nazi invasion of the USSR, Zina Portnova found herself in occupied territory. Since 1942, a member of the Obol underground organization “Young Avengers,” whose leader was the future Hero of the Soviet Union E. S. Zenkova, a member of the organization’s committee. While underground she was accepted into the Komsomol. She participated in the distribution of leaflets among the population and sabotage against the invaders. While working in the canteen of a retraining course for German officers, at the direction of the underground, she poisoned the food. During the proceedings, wanting to prove to the Germans that she was not involved, she tried the poisoned soup. Miraculously, she survived. Since August 1943, scout of the partisan detachment named after. K. E. Voroshilova. In December 1943, returning from a mission to find out the reasons for the failure of the Young Avengers organization, she was captured in the village of Mostishche and identified by a certain Anna Khrapovitskaya. During one of the interrogations at the Gestapo in the village of Goryany (Belarus), she grabbed the investigator’s pistol from the table, shot him and two other Nazis, tried to escape, and was captured. After torture, she was shot in a prison in Polotsk.

Memory By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 1, 1958, Zinaida Martynovna Portnova was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin. On the Alley of Heroes in front of the Shumilinsky Museum of History and Local Lore, a portrait and the name of Z.M. Portnova were engraved on a granite slab. The name of Zina Portnova was given street in the Kirovsky district of St. Petersburg.

Order of Lenin The highest award of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was established by a resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated April 6, 1930. The Order of Lenin was the highest award of the USSR for particularly outstanding services in the revolutionary movement, labor activity, defense of the socialist Fatherland, development of friendship and cooperation between peoples, strengthening of peace and other particularly outstanding services to the Soviet state and society.

Tolya Shumov Tolya Shumov b. c The Nazis occupied the regional center of Ostashevo, Moscow region, when he was a ninth-grader. Together with his mother, he joined a partisan detachment and was a scout. The task of the young partisans included obtaining information about the number of the enemy in specific places, about the advance of German troops along country roads, as well as distributing propaganda leaflets among local residents. Anatoly was detained twice by German patrols, but both times managed to escape and return to the detachment. In November 1941, Tolya was accidentally noticed by a local “policeman” Kirillin, who reported this to the German authorities. Tolya was captured. In the forest near Mozhaisk he was shot. In addition to Shumov, three more yesterday’s schoolchildren joined the partisan detachment of V.F. Praskunin: Vladimir Kolyadov, Yuri Sukhnev and Alexandra Voronova. Sasha Voronova was arrested and shot by the Nazis shortly before Tolya. Vladimir Kolyadov died a few days after the death of Anatoly, and was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Memory Ostashevskaya secondary school is named after Tolya Shumov and Volodya Kolyadov. The names of Anatoly Shumov, Vladimir Kolyadov and Alexandra Voronova were inscribed in the Book of Honor of the Moscow regional pioneer organization named after V.I. Lenin (although all three were already Komsomol members). In 1972, in Ostashev, on the central square of the village, a monument to the fallen Komsomol members was unveiled. The authors of the sculptural composition are father and son V.V. and D.V. Kalinina. One of the USSR sea passenger ships was named after Tolya Shumov.

Volodya Kaznacheev Born in 1928. After the shooting of his mother by the occupiers in October 1941. Together with his sister he joined the partisan detachment. He especially proved himself as a demolitionist in the Bryansk region, participating in the “rail war”. He has 10 blown up enemy trains. After the war, he graduated from the Kherson Naval School, worked in the navy, and became an Honored Transport Worker of Ukraine. Vladimir Kaznacheev is one of the heroes of the feature film “In the Woods near Kovel,” based on the real events of Operation Kovel Knot.

Volodya Dubinin Volodya Dubinin (born in 1927) was one of the members of the partisan detachment that fought in the quarries of Old Karantina (Kamysh Burun) near Kerch. Pioneers Volodya Dubinin, Vanya Gritsenko and Tolya Kovalev fought together with the adults in the detachment. They brought ammunition, water, food, and went on reconnaissance missions. The occupiers fought with the detachment, including walling up the exits from the quarries. Since Volodya was the smallest, he managed to get to the surface through very narrow manholes, unnoticed by the enemies. After the liberation of Kerch, Volodya volunteered to help sappers in clearing the approaches to the quarries. Killed by a mine explosion

Memory A street in Kerch, Kerch specialized school 1 with in-depth study, is named after Volodya Dubinin in English. In the center of Kerch in the park on Volodya Dubinin Street, on July 12, 1964, a monument was opened (sculptor L. Smerchinsky) - in the photo The city of Dubinino is named in honor of Volodya. Streets of Volodya Dubinin: there are in Odessa, Evpatoria, Kaliningrad, Dnepr, Petrovsk and other cities. Films have been made about him 1962 Street of the Youngest Son (based on the story by L. Kassil); 1985 Long Memory

Kostya Kravchuk On September 20, 1941, during the battles as a result of which Kyiv was occupied by fascist troops, the Red Army soldier gave Kostya a package with regimental banners for safekeeping. The boy hid them in a nearby garden, burying them in the ground. When the rains began, Kostya was forced to hide them, which was complicated by constant street patrols by the Germans. He put them in a canvas bag, tarred it and lowered it into an abandoned well. Kostya was sent to Germany by the Germans, but escaped and was able to cross the front line. Kyiv had been liberated by that time; the next day after returning home, Kostya took out the banners, which were already considered lost, from the cache and returned them to the city commandant. On June 1, 1944, Kostya Kravchuk was awarded the Order of the Red Banner by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Arkady Kamanin The youngest pilot of World War II (born in 1928). Son of the famous pilot N.P. Kamanin. At the age of fourteen he ended up on the Kalinin Front, in his father’s aviation corps. Worked as a mechanic. Then he began flying a two-seater U-2 communications aircraft as a flight mechanic and navigator-observer. Later in the same year he began flying independently as a pilot on a U-2 aircraft. Carried out combat missions. Among others, he flew across the front line to the partisans to transfer batteries for the radio station. At the age of 14, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star for saving the pilot of a crashed Il-2 attack aircraft in no man's land. Later he was awarded the second Order of the Red Star and the Order of the Red Banner.

Order of the Patriotic War Military order of the USSR, established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On the establishment of the Order of the Patriotic War, I and II degrees” dated May 20, 1942. Awarded to private and commanding personnel of the Red Army, Military Navy, NKVD troops and partisan detachments, who showed courage, fortitude and courage in the battles for the Soviet Motherland, as well as military personnel who, through their actions, contributed to the success of the military operations of our troops.

Valera Volkov Member of the partisan movement operating in Sevastopol. After the death of his father (killed by the Nazis), at the age of 13 he became the “son of the regiment” of the 7th Marine Brigade. Participates in hostilities along with adults. Brings cartridges, obtains intelligence data, holds back enemy attacks with weapons in hand. According to the recollections of fellow soldiers, he loved poetry and often read Mayakovsky to his comrades. Possessing good literary qualities, he edited in his own way a unique handwritten newspaper-leaflet, Okopnaya Pravda (published in the Pravda newspaper on February 8, 1963; on December 28, 1963 he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree). In the only issue that has come down to us, the 11th issue is opened by a skillful author beyond his age. His lines are imbued with patriotism, courage, confidence in victory and the desire to live. In July 1942, while repelling an enemy attack, he died heroically, throwing a bunch of grenades under an advancing tank.

Films about young heroes “It Was in Donbass” were filmed in 1945. It tells the story of the young defenders of Donbass who fought against the occupiers. “Eaglet” was filmed in 1957. Dedicated to the young partisan Valya Kotko (prototype Valya Kotik) “Street of the Youngest Son” was filmed in 1962. A film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Lev Kassil and Max Polyanovsky, dedicated to the pioneer hero Volodya Dubinin, “The Brave Five” was filmed in 1970. The story of the feat of young partisans in war-torn Belarus “Green Chains” was filmed in 1970 at Lenfilm. Pioneers help security officers expose German agents in besieged Leningrad “Horsemen” was filmed in 1972 at the Odessa film studio. Teenagers first rescue thoroughbred horses from a stud farm. And then they help those around them. “The Fifteenth Spring” was filmed in 1972. Dedicated to the feat of Sasha Chekalin, who shot German officer“The Old Fortress” was filmed in 1973. It tells the story of guys from the Ukrainian border town of Kamenets-Podolsky who become witnesses and participants in revolutionary battles for Soviet power. Based on the novel by Vladimir Belyaev, “In That Distant Summer” was filmed in 1974. The story of the feat during World War II of the Leningrad partisan Larisa Mikheenko “The Bread of My Childhood” was filmed in 1977. Tells about children of war. In 1943, teenagers from a village liberated from the Germans cleared the mines from a rye field and gave their fellow villagers the opportunity to hold a harvest “And You Will See the Sky” 1978 about Arkady Kamanin “The One Hundred and First” was filmed in 1982. It tells the story of the “son of the regiment” Vova Didenko, a village boy who became a student of an intelligence platoon during the Great Patriotic War. “Long Memory” was filmed in 1985. About the pioneer hero, intelligence officer Volodya Dubinin

Remember their names... Monument to partisan Vita Korobkov in Feodosia... Only a few names from a large number of young Soviet heroes are mentioned in the presentation. Their stories seem incredible, but it’s true - the children performed real feats. Wikipedia materials are used in the presentation

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Valya Kotik He was born on February 11, 1930 in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district, Khmelnitsky region. He studied at school No. 4 in the city of Shepetovka, and was a recognized leader of the pioneers, his peers. When the Nazis burst into Shepetivka, Valya Kotik and his friends decided to fight the enemy. The guys collected weapons at the battle site, which the partisans then transported to the detachment on a cart of hay. Having taken a closer look at the boy, the communists entrusted Valya with being a liaison and intelligence officer in their underground organization. He learned the location of enemy posts and the order of changing the guard. When arrests began in the city, Valya, along with his mother and brother Victor, went to join the partisans. The pioneer, who had just turned fourteen years old, fought shoulder to shoulder with adults, liberating his native land. He is responsible for six enemy trains blown up on the way to the front. Valya Kotik was awarded the order Patriotic War 1st degree, medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 2nd degree. Valya Kotik died as a hero, and the Motherland posthumously awarded him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to him was erected in front of the school where this brave pioneer studied.

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Zina Portnova The war found the Leningrad pioneer Zina Portnova in the village of Zuya, where she came on vacation, not far from the Obol station in the Vitebsk region. An underground Komsomol-youth organization “Young Avengers” was created in Obol, and Zina was elected a member of its committee. She took part in daring operations against the enemy, in sabotage, distributed leaflets, and conducted reconnaissance on instructions from a partisan detachment. ...It was December 1943. Zina was returning from a mission. In the village of Mostishche she was betrayed by a traitor. The Nazis captured the young partisan and tortured her. The answer to the enemy was Zina’s silence, her contempt and hatred, her determination to fight to the end. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed a pistol from the table and fired at point-blank range at the Gestapo man. The officer who ran in to hear the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis overtook her... The brave young pioneer was brutally tortured, but until the last minute she remained persistent, courageous, and unbending. And the Motherland posthumously celebrated her feat with its highest title - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

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Galya Komleva When the war began, and the Nazis were approaching Leningrad, for underground work in the village of Tarnovichi - in the south Leningrad region- high school counselor Anna Petrovna Semenova was left behind. To communicate with the partisans, she selected her most reliable pioneers, and the first among them was Galina Komleva. Over the course of her six school years, the cheerful, brave, inquisitive girl was awarded six times with books signed: “For excellent studies.” The young messenger brought assignments from the partisans to her counselor, and forwarded her reports to the detachment along with bread, potatoes, and food, which were obtained from with great difficulty. One day, when a messenger from a partisan detachment did not arrive on time at the meeting place, Galya, half-frozen, made her way into the detachment, handed over a report and, having warmed up a little, hurried back, carrying a new task to the underground fighters. Together with Komsomol member Tasya Yakovleva, Galya wrote leaflets and scattered them around the village at night. The Nazis tracked down and captured the young underground fighters. They kept me in the Gestapo for two months. They beat me severely, threw me into a cell, and in the morning they took me out again for interrogation. Galya didn’t say anything to the enemy, didn’t betray anyone. The young patriot was shot. The Motherland celebrated the feat of Galya Komleva with the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

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Lara Mikheenko For the operation of reconnaissance and explosion of the railway. bridge over the Drissa River, Leningrad schoolgirl Larisa Mikheenko was nominated for a government award. But the Motherland did not have time to present the award to her brave daughter... The war cut the girl off from her hometown: in the summer she went on vacation to the Pustoshkinsky district, but was unable to return - the village was occupied by the Nazis. The pioneer dreamed of breaking out of Hitler's slavery and making her way to her own people. And one night she left the village with two older friends. At the headquarters of the 6th Kalinin Brigade, the commander, Major P.V. Ryndin, initially found himself accepting “such little ones”: what kind of partisans are they? But how much even very young citizens can do for the Motherland! Girls were able to do what strong men could not. Dressed in rags, Lara walked through the villages, finding out where and how the guns were located, the sentries were posted, what German vehicles were moving along the highway, what kind of trains were coming to Pustoshka station and with what cargo. She also took part in military operations... The young partisan, betrayed by a traitor in the village of Ignatovo, was shot by the Nazis. The Decree on awarding Larisa Mikheenko the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, contains the bitter word: “Posthumously.”

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Vasya Korobko Chernihiv region. The front came close to the village of Pogoreltsy. On the outskirts, covering the withdrawal of our units, a company held the defense. A boy brought cartridges to the soldiers. His name was Vasya Korobko. Night. Vasya creeps up to the school building occupied by the Nazis. He makes his way into the pioneer room, takes out the pioneer banner and hides it securely. The outskirts of the village. Under the bridge - Vasya. He pulls out iron brackets, saws down the piles, and at dawn, from a hiding place, watches the bridge collapse under the weight of a fascist armored personnel carrier. The partisans were convinced that Vasya could be trusted, and entrusted him with a serious task: to become a scout in the enemy’s lair. At the fascist headquarters, he lights the stoves, chops wood, and he takes a closer look, remembers, and passes on information to the partisans. The punishers, who planned to exterminate the partisans, forced the boy to lead them into the forest. But Vasya led the Nazis to a police ambush. The Nazis, mistaking them for partisans in the dark, opened furious fire, killed all the policemen and themselves suffered heavy losses. Together with the partisans, Vasya destroyed nine echelons and hundreds of Nazis. In one of the battles he was hit by an enemy bullet. The Motherland awarded its little hero, who lived a short but such a bright life, the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War,” 1st degree.

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Vitya Khomenko Pioneer Vitya Khomenko passed his heroic path of struggle against the fascists in the underground organization “Nikolaev Center”. ...Vitya’s German was “excellent” in school, and the underground workers instructed the pioneer to get a job in the officers’ mess. He washed dishes, sometimes served officers in the hall and listened to their conversations. In drunken arguments, the fascists blurted out information that was of great interest to the Nikolaev Center. The officers began sending the fast, smart boy on errands, and soon he was made a messenger at headquarters. It could never have occurred to them that the most secret packages were the first to be read by underground workers at the turnout... Together with Shura Kober, Vitya received the task of crossing the front line to establish contact with Moscow. In Moscow, at the headquarters of the partisan movement, they reported the situation and talked about what they observed on the way. Returning to Nikolaev, the guys delivered a radio transmitter, explosives, and weapons to the underground fighters. And again fight without fear or hesitation. On December 5, 1942, ten underground members were captured by the Nazis and executed. Among them are two boys - Shura Kober and Vitya Khomenko. They lived as heroes and died as heroes. The Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree - posthumously - was awarded by the Motherland to its fearless son. The school where he studied is named after Vitya Khomenko.

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Volodya Kaznacheev 1941... Finished fifth grade in the spring. In the fall he joined the partisan detachment. When, together with his sister Anya, he came to the partisans in the Kletnyansky forests in the Bryansk region, the detachment said: “What a reinforcement!..” True, having learned that they were from Solovyanovka, the children of Elena Kondratyevna Kaznacheeva, the one who baked bread for the partisans , they stopped joking (Elena Kondratievna was killed by the Nazis). The detachment had a “partisan school”. Future miners and demolition workers trained there. Volodya mastered this science perfectly and, together with his senior comrades, derailed eight echelons. He also had to cover the group’s retreat, stopping the pursuers with grenades... He was a liaison; he often went to Kletnya, delivering valuable information; After waiting until dark, he posted leaflets. From operation to operation he became more experienced and skillful. The Nazis placed a reward on the head of partisan Kzanacheev, not even suspecting that their brave opponent was just a boy. He fought alongside the adults until the very day when his native land was liberated from the fascist evil spirits, and rightfully shared with the adults the glory of the hero - the liberator of his native land. Volodya Kaznacheev was awarded the Order of Lenin and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree.

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Nadya Bogdanova She was executed twice by the Nazis, and by her fighting friends long years Nadya was considered dead. They even erected a monument to her. It’s hard to believe, but when she became a scout in the partisan detachment of “Uncle Vanya” Dyachkov, she was not yet ten years old. Small, thin, she, pretending to be a beggar, wandered among the Nazis, noticing everything, remembering everything, and brought the most valuable information to the detachment. And then, together with partisan fighters, she blew up the fascist headquarters, derailed a train with military equipment, and mined objects. The first time she was captured was when, together with Vanya Zvontsov, she hung out a red flag in enemy-occupied Vitebsk on November 7, 1941. They beat her with ramrods, tortured her, and when they brought her to the ditch to shoot her, she no longer had any strength left - she fell into the ditch, momentarily outstripping the bullet. Vanya died, and the partisans found Nadya alive in a ditch... She was captured for the second time at the end of 1943. And again torture: they poured ice water on her in the cold, burned a five-pointed star on her back. Considering the scout dead, the Nazis abandoned her when the partisans attacked Karasevo. Local residents came out paralyzed and almost blind. After the war in Odessa, Academician V.P. Filatov restored Nadya’s sight. 15 years later, she heard on the radio how the intelligence chief of the 6th detachment, Slesarenko - her commander - said that the soldiers would never forget their fallen comrades, and named among them Nadya Bogdanova, who saved his life, a wounded man... Only then and she showed up, only then did the people who worked with her learn about what an amazing destiny of a person she, Nadya Bogdanova, was awarded with the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and medals.

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Nina Kukoverova Every summer, Nina and her younger brother and sister were taken from Leningrad to the village of Nechepert, where fresh air, soft grass, where there is honey and fresh milk... Roar, explosions, flames and smoke hit this quiet region in the fourteenth summer of the pioneer Nina Kukoverova. War! From the first days of the arrival of the Nazis, Nina became a partisan intelligence officer. I remembered everything I saw around me and reported it to the detachment. A punitive detachment is located in the village of the mountain, all approaches are blocked, even the most experienced scouts cannot get through. Nina volunteered to go. She walked for a dozen kilometers through a snow-covered plain and field. The Nazis did not pay attention to the chilled, tired girl with a bag, but nothing escaped her attention - neither the headquarters, nor the fuel depot, nor the location of the sentries. And when the partisan detachment set out on a campaign at night, Nina walked next to the commander as a scout, as a guide. That night, fascist warehouses flew into the air, the headquarters burst into flames, and the punitive forces fell, struck down by fierce fire. Nina, a pioneer who was awarded the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War”, 1st degree, went on combat missions more than once. The young heroine died. But the memory of Russia’s daughter is alive. She was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree. Nina Kukoverova is forever included in her pioneer squad.

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Lida Vashkevich An ordinary black bag would not attract the attention of visitors to the local history museum if it were not for the red tie lying next to it. A boy or girl will involuntarily freeze, an adult will stop, and they will read the yellowed certificate issued by the commissar of the partisan detachment. The fact that the young owner of these relics, pioneer Lida Vashkevich, risking her life, helped fight the Nazis. There is another reason to stop near these exhibits: Lida was awarded the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War”, 1st degree. ...In the city of Grodno, occupied by the Nazis, a communist underground operated. One of the groups was led by Lida’s father. Contacts of underground fighters and partisans came to him, and each time the commander’s daughter was on duty at the house. From the outside looking in, she was playing. And she peered vigilantly, listened to see if the policemen or patrol were approaching, and, if necessary, gave a sign to her father. Dangerous? Very. But compared to other tasks, this was almost a game. Lida obtained paper for leaflets by buying a couple of sheets from different stores, often with the help of her friends. A pack will be collected, the girl will hide it at the bottom of a black bag and deliver it to the appointed place. And the next day the whole city reads the words of truth about the victories of the Red Army near Moscow and Stalingrad. The girl warned the people's avengers about the raids while going around safe houses. She traveled from station to station by train to convey an important message to the partisans and underground fighters. She carried the explosives past the fascist posts in the same black bag, filled to the top with coal and trying not to bend so as not to arouse suspicion - coal is lighter than explosives... This is what kind of bag ended up in the Grodno Museum. And the tie that Lida was wearing in her bosom back then: she couldn’t, didn’t want to part with it.

The beginning of the war.

On June 22, 1941, Germany treacherously attacked the USSR. The Germans attacked strategically important targets and large cities. In the first hours of the war, the Red Army lost several thousand tanks and aircraft. In the first hours, Stalin did not understand what had happened. He ordered “to defeat the Germans, but not to cross into their territory.” Then Stalin “disappeared” for 10 days. At noon on June 22, V.M. Molotov addressed the Soviet people on the radio.

Valentin Kotik

At the age of 12, Valya, then a fifth-grader at the Shepetovskaya school, became a scout in a partisan detachment. He fearlessly made his way to the location of enemy troops, obtaining valuable information for the partisans about security posts of railway stations, military warehouses, and the deployment of enemy units. He did not hide his joy when adults took him with them to a combat operation. Valya Kotik has six enemy trains blown up and many successful ambushes. He died at the age of 14 in an unequal battle with the Nazis. By that time Valya was already wearing Kotik on his chest Order of Lenin and the Patriotic War, 1st degree, medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War”, II degree. Such awards would honor even the commander of a partisan unit. And here is a boy, a teenager.

Valentin Kotik was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Vasily Korobko

The partisan fate of a sixth-grader from the village of Pogoreltsy, Vasya Korobko, was unusual. He received his baptism of fire in the summer of 1941, covering with fire the withdrawal of our units. Consciously remained in the occupied territory. Once, at my own risk, I sawed down the bridge piles. The very first fascist armored personnel carrier that drove onto this bridge collapsed from it and became inoperable. Then Vasya became a partisan. The detachment blessed him to work at Hitler's headquarters. There, no one could even imagine that the silent stoker and cleaner perfectly remembers all the icons on enemy maps and catches German words familiar from school. Everything that Vasya learned became known to the partisans. Once the punitive forces demanded that Korobko lead them to the forest from where the partisans were making forays. And Vasily led the Nazis to the police ambush. In the dark, the punishers mistook the police for partisans and opened fire on them, destroying many traitors to the Motherland. Subsequently, Vasily Korobko became an excellent demolitionist and took part in the destruction of nine echelons of enemy personnel and equipment. He died while carrying out another partisan mission. The exploits of Vasily Korobko were awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War,” 1st degree.

Vitya Khomenko

Like Vasily Korobko, seventh-grader Vitya Khomenko pretended to serve the occupiers while working in the officers' canteen. I washed dishes, heated the stove, and wiped tables. And I remembered everything that the Wehrmacht officers, relaxed with Bavarian beer, talked about. The information obtained by Victor was highly valued in the underground organization “Nikolaev Center”. The Nazis noticed the smart, efficient boy and made him a messenger at headquarters. Naturally, the partisans became aware of everything contained in the documents that fell into the hands of Khomenko.

Vasya died in December 1942, tortured by enemies who became aware of the boy’s connections with the partisans. Despite the most terrible torture, Vasya did not reveal to the enemies the location of the partisan base, his connections and passwords. Vitya Khomenko was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

Sasha Kovalev

He was a graduate of the Solovetsky Jung School. Sasha Kovalev received his first order, the Order of the Red Star, for the fact that the engines of his torpedo boat No. 209 of the Northern Fleet never failed during 20 combat trips to sea. The young sailor was awarded the second, posthumous award - the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree - for a feat of which an adult has the right to be proud. This was in May 1944. While attacking a fascist transport ship, Kovalev’s boat received a hole in the collector from a shell fragment. Boiling water was gushing out of the torn casing; the engine could stall at any minute. Then Kovalev closed the hole with his body. Other sailors came to his aid, and the boat continued to move. But Sasha died. He was 15 years old

Nina Kukoverova

She began her war against the Nazis by distributing leaflets in a village occupied by enemies. Her leaflets contained truthful reports from the fronts, which instilled in people faith in victory. The partisans entrusted Nina with intelligence work. She did an excellent job with all tasks. The Nazis decided to put an end to the partisans. A punitive detachment entered one of the villages. But its exact numbers and weapons were not known to the partisans. Nina volunteered to scout out the enemy forces. She remembered everything: where and how many sentries, where the ammunition was stored, how many machine guns the punishers had. This information helped the partisans defeat the enemy.

While performing her next task, Nina was betrayed by a traitor. She was tortured. Having achieved nothing from Nina, the Nazis shot the girl. Nina Kukoverova was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

Utah Bondarovskaya

The war found Utah on vacation with his grandmother. Just yesterday she was playing carefree with her friends, and today circumstances demanded that she take up arms. Utah was a liaison officer and then a scout in a partisan detachment that operated in the Pskov region. Dressed as a beggar boy, the fragile girl wandered around enemy lines, memorizing the location of military equipment, security posts, headquarters, and communications centers. Adults would never be able to deceive the enemy's vigilance so cleverly. In 1944, in a battle near an Estonian farm, Yuta Bondarovskaya died a heroic death along with her older comrades. Utah was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, and the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War,” 1st class.

Lara Mikheenko

Their destinies are as similar as drops of water. Study interrupted by the war, an oath to take revenge on the invaders until the last breath, partisan everyday life, reconnaissance raids on enemy rear lines, ambushes, explosions of trains... Except that death was different. Some were executed in public, others were shot in the back of the head in a remote basement.

Lara Mikheenko became a partisan intelligence officer. She found out the location of enemy batteries, counted the cars moving along the highway towards the front, remembered which trains and with what cargo arrived at Pustoshka station. Lara was betrayed by a traitor. The Gestapo did not make allowances for age - after a fruitless interrogation, the girl was shot. This happened on November 4, 1943. Lara Mikheenko was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

Sasha Borodulin

Already in the winter of 1941, he wore the Order of the Red Banner on his tunic. There was a reason. Sasha, together with the partisans, fought the Nazis in open battle, took part in ambushes, and went on reconnaissance more than once.

The partisans were unlucky: the punishers tracked down the detachment and encircled them. For three days the partisans evaded pursuit and broke through the encirclement. But the punitive forces blocked their path again and again. Then the detachment commander called five volunteers who were supposed to cover the retreat of the main partisan forces with fire. At the commander’s call, Sasha Borodulin was the first to step out of the ranks. The brave five managed to delay the punitive forces for some time. But the partisans were doomed. Sasha was the last to die, stepping towards the enemies with a grenade in his hands.

Vitya Korobkov

Twelve-year-old Vitya was next to his father, army intelligence officer Mikhail Ivanovich Korobkov, who was operating in Feodosia. Vitya helped his father as much as he could and carried out his military orders. It happened that he himself showed initiative: he posted leaflets, obtained information about the location of enemy units. He was arrested along with his father on February 18, 1944. There was very little time left before our troops arrived. The Korobkovs were thrown into the Starokrymsk prison, where they extorted testimony from the intelligence officers for two weeks. But all the efforts of the Gestapo were in vain. On March 9, 1944, at six o’clock in the evening, Vitya was shot by the Nazis. This is how a real hero died, who did not betray his comrades under torture. Vitya loved his homeland and without hesitation, he gave his life for it.

• In the area of ​​Ushakova ravine, Valery took his last battle. He was in the cover group, which on July 1 blocked the approaches to the sea, where evacuees were being loaded. The boy was closest to the road along which the tanks went. He crawled towards him with a grenade (a bunch of grenades), but when he was about to throw it, he was wounded in the right shoulder. The 13-year-old boy would not have been able to throw grenades from a safe distance with either his wounded hand or his left hand. Therefore, he brought the tank closer and threw grenades with his left hand directly under the tank’s tracks. The tank spun around and stood in the middle of the road. Soviet soldiers set fire to the remaining two cars. The Nazis were never able to break through to the sea, where the wounded were being evacuated. In this battle, Valery was mortally wounded. The boy was buried in the school yard, and in the 60s he was reburied in the “Gorpishchenko cemetery”.

Arkady Kamanin

Arkady Kamanin is the youngest pilot. I dreamed of heaven when I was just a boy. One day, from above, a young pilot saw our plane shot down by the Nazis. Under heavy mortar fire, Arkady landed, carried the pilot into his plane, took off and returned to his own. For saving the pilot of an Il-2 attack aircraft that crashed in no man's land at the age of 15, Arkady was awarded the Order of the Red Star. Later he was awarded the second Order of the Red Star for participation in battles with the enemy and the Order of the Red Banner. By the end of April 1945, he “made more than 650 missions. He died at the age of 18 from meningitis. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

The exploits of Marat Kazei.

One of his high-profile exploits was accomplished in March 1943, when, thanks to him, an entire partisan detachment was saved. Then, near the village of Rumok, German punitive forces surrounded a detachment named after them. Furmanov, and Marat Kazei was able to break through the enemy’s ring and bring help. The enemy was defeated, and his comrades were saved.

For the courage, bravery and feats shown in battles and sabotage, at the end of 1943, 14-year-old Marat Kazei was awarded three high awards: medals “For Military Merit”, “For Courage” and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

Marat Kazei died on May 11, 1944 in a battle near the village of Khoromitsky. When he and his partner were returning from reconnaissance, they were surrounded by the Nazis. Having lost a comrade in a shootout, the young man blew himself up with a grenade, preventing the Germans from taking him alive or, according to another version, preventing a punitive operation in the village in the event of his capture. Another version of his biography says that Marat Kazei detonated an explosive device to kill along with himself 18 Germans who came too close to him because he had run out of ammunition. The boy was buried in his home village. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to Marat Kazei on May 8, 1965

Portnova Zinaida Martynovna

Scout of the partisan detachment “Young Avengers”. The war found Leningrader Zina Portnova in the village of Zuya, where she came for vacation, not far from the Obol station in the Vitebsk region. An underground Komsomol-youth organization “Young Avengers” was created in Obol, and Zina was elected a member of its committee. She took part in daring operations against the enemy, distributed leaflets, got a job in a German canteen, and poisoned food, as a result of which more than a hundred people were injured. In August 1943, she joined the partisans and, on instructions from a partisan detachment, conducted reconnaissance. In December 1943, returning from a mission in the village of Mostishche, Zina was handed over as a traitor to the Nazis. The Nazis captured the young partisan and tortured her. The answer to the enemy was Zina’s silence, her contempt and hatred, her determination to fight to the end. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed a pistol from the table and shot point-blank at the Gestapo man. The officer who ran in to hear the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis overtook her. The brave young partisan was brutally tortured; her eyes were gouged out and her ears were cut off. Her will was never broken. On January 13, 1944, Zina was shot. but until the last minute she remained persistent, courageous, unbending. And the Motherland posthumously celebrated her feat with its highest title - title of Hero of the Soviet Union .

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