Lending money at interest is one of the most attractive types of income at all times. To obtain such passive income, a minimum of effort is required from an entrepreneur. But this is only on the one hand, and on the other hand, there is no more risky activity than lending to borrowers. According to statistics, large creditors cannot collect about 40% of borrowed funds. When it comes to private loans, the default rate is even higher.

In Russia, lending to individuals is mainly carried out by microfinance organizations (MFOs). Today, almost any entrepreneur can establish an MFO. Read on in the material to find out how realistic it is for a small business owner to open his own microfinance organization and how to organize its activities.

How to open an MFO with a minimum investment

The idea of ​​an MFO for business is quite simple: an entrepreneur attracts money from investors (see), using these funds, issues small loans at a high interest rate, transfers part of the proceeds to investors, and keeps part for himself.

At the first stage of developing a business plan for an MFO, three main questions arise:

• where to get money for issuing loans (resolving issues with deposits);
• how to calculate the conditions for issuing loans to minimize your risks;
• How to document your activities.

The amount of initial investment and the success of the enterprise largely depend on how the entrepreneur answers these questions.

It is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the simplest model of this business, which will allow you to receive a small but stable profit with a small investment. Current Russian legislation allows MFOs to operate in two formats: microfinance and microcredit companies.

A microfinance company (MFC) can attract money from third-party investors who decide to issue loans to individuals and legal entities based on deposit agreements and at the expense of the formed capital. The Bank of Russia has very serious requirements for MFOs in the form of MFCs. Take, for example, the minimum amount of authorized capital – 70 million rubles.

But microcredit companies (MCCs) are a simpler format of MFOs. MCCs can operate only with the money of their founders contributed to the authorized capital (they cannot attract deposits), while the requirements for this authorized capital are quite loyal: at least 10 thousand rubles.

MCC issues its own funds to its borrowers (from the formed authorized capital) at a certain percentage, and this percentage is the source of income for the enterprise.

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Sample business plan for a microcredit company

Let's consider an approximate sample of business plan calculations for MFOs in the MCC form. According to financial statistics, loans on the following terms are in greatest demand:

• the amount is about 10 thousand rubles;
• period – 2 weeks;
• interest rate – 0.5% per day.

If the authorized capital of an MCC is 1 million rubles, then by selling about 100 loans of 10 thousand rubles each month, the entrepreneur will receive an income of about 300 thousand rubles.

To operate such an MCC, you will need 3 full-time specialists (administrator, manager, debtor relations specialist). The total wage fund is about 150 thousand rubles.

Administrative costs for a month (office rent, utilities, taxes, etc.) are about 50 thousand rubles.

Thus, the production costs of a small MCC will be about 200 thousand rubles.

How to organize an ICC

Despite the fact that the business plan of a microfinance organization seems very attractive, only specialists can quickly and correctly organize an MCC (their services for opening an MCC cost about five thousand rubles). The main difficulty is to register the MCC in the state register of microfinance organizations. Only from the moment of such registration does the MFO acquire official status and can issue loans.

Before registering you must:

• choose the right name for the microfinance organization;
• draw up constituent documents in compliance with all requirements for the founders and executive bodies of the MFO;
• develop rules for providing microloans.

Any inaccuracy may result in refusal of registration. Documents are submitted to the regional branch of the Bank of Russia at the location of the MFO.

In addition to documentation, the ICC must take care of organizing the office and hiring staff.

To operate the MCC, a small room (about 30 sq. m) with two workstations equipped with computer equipment and a meeting area is sufficient.

The initial investment in paperwork and office equipment will be about 300 thousand rubles.

How to attract clients

The most promising areas of marketing for a microcredit company are outdoor advertising in crowded places, as well as its own website and cooperation with advertising agencies. Of course, each promotion of services is not cheap for an entrepreneur: approximately 10% of turnover (if he plans to sell loans worth 1 million rubles, then investments in advertising should be about 100 thousand rubles).

As practice shows, in addition to signs and indexes, good results are obtained by distributing leaflets, posting advertisements in public transport, and publishing in regional print media.

To promote your product, there is no need to hire a corresponding specialist on staff. At first, you can enter into an agreement with a local PR agency, which, for a small subscription fee, will select the most advantageous strategy for conquering the market for the company.

Useful to read. Documents required to start activities, requirements for the premises and the rules by which the establishment operates.

Note: what is .

Details about... Concluding an agreement with the operator, renting premises, installing equipment and selling tickets.

Conclusion

If the reader considers the given example of a business plan and the very idea of ​​​​an MFO attractive for investment, then he should be prepared for the fact that he will spend about a third of his efforts on issuing loans, and the remaining two-thirds of the total amount of work will be debt collection activities .

It is categorically not recommended to start the process of accumulating debts, since negative information about the enterprise will quickly spread among debtors, and subsequently, in order to sort out the debts and restore the reputation of an active and demanding creditor, the entrepreneur will have to hire expensive specialists to collect overdue debts.

How to open a microloan company and earn huge money on crazy interest rates? Most people think that this is very easy to do, but this is a misconception that has nothing to do with reality. Opening your own business providing microloans to the population from scratch is a very expensive and dubious “pleasure”.

How to open a microloan business? How do they make money here? Where to begin? What do you need to open? Where and how to register? Or maybe it would be better to open a franchise business? Answers to the most popular questions from readers in this article.

Business - payday microloans for the population

The essence of this business model is to lend your own or borrowed funds at interest. The main income consists of interest for the use of borrowed funds, which is accrued on the principal amount of the debt and paid by the borrower on the repayment date.

It is most profitable to issue short-term payday loans. The average interest rate for them is 2% per day, and for microloans for a long period - 0.5-1% per day. By issuing a microloan for a short period, the money can be returned faster and used to issue a new loan to another client. Thus, increasing profitability compared to providing long-term loans.

If we imagine that the average microfinance organization in a small town issues 15 microloans per day in the amount of 5,000 rubles for 10 days, then the organization’s net income per day will be 1,500 rubles, for 10 days - 15,000 rubles, for 30 days - 45,000 rubles. And these are the most modest calculations. In fact, even in small towns, potential borrowers continually turn to microfinance organizations in order to borrow money before payday.

How to open microloans? What do you need to open?

To open a microcredit organization from scratch, a significant investment will be required, and the procedure for registering an MFO will take about 1-2 months. If you calculate the most budget option for an offline microfinance organization in a small town on the periphery, then the approximate estimate will look like this:

• Registration, state fees, specialist assistance (about 10 thousand rubles)
• Office rent, minor cosmetic repairs - about 25-35 thousand rubles, subsequent rent of premises with monthly payment. A cheaper option is to place a sales counter in a large shopping center.
• Purchase of equipment (tables, chairs, PCs and components, printer, scanner, etc.) is about 50 thousand rubles, if you save money and get everything in good condition.
• Recruitment/salary. To reduce the cost of the enterprise as much as possible, you can get by with only manager-consultants who will play the role of cashier, security guard, security guard, and cleaner. Most often this is what happens in local microfinance organizations. The salary in a small peripheral city will be about 12-20 thousand rubles. for everyone.
• Costs for an accountant. You can save here by hiring a part-time accountant and submitting papers to fill out immediately before sending reports to higher authorized bodies, the tax office, the Central Bank, etc. Such one-time work for an accountant will cost about 4-8 thousand monthly.
• Everyday expenses. In addition to the main costs, the business owner faces small but very important monthly payments. This is payment of bills for the Internet and telephone communications (cellular and landline). This will cost an average of 1000-1500 rubles per month. Purchasing office supplies, refilling printer cartridges, etc. Depending on the rental conditions of the premises, there may be costs for electricity and water. Don’t forget about printing services (business cards, various forms, etc.) In general, about 3-5 thousand rubles will be spent on monthly needs.
• A very important factor is verification of the borrower. Depending on the budget, the owner can use different verification methods:

1. Scoring assessment is the most expensive option. You need to buy a licensed program and pay a lot of money for it.
2. Requests to BKI and calls to contact persons. You can connect batch (wholesale) requests, or single ones. In the first case, the cost of the request varies from 150-200 rubles. and higher. In the second, the minimum is 250-300 rubles.
3. Free request to the FSSP database and calls to contact persons. A free and most dangerous verification method for MFOs, which increases the percentage of loans issued to fraudsters and large debtors.

As a result, it turns out that opening the most budgetary microfinance organization in a small town on the periphery will cost the owner 125-135 thousand rubles. The amount is small, but it was formed without taking into account the creation and support of the site, without advertising, hotline operators, customer verification scoring system or paid requests to the BKI, security service, cashier, etc. With these components, creating an MFO would cost at least 3-4 times more than the minimum estimate.

Where and how to register?

The process of registering and obtaining MCC (microcredit organization) status is a painstaking and lengthy task that requires money, time and effort. First of all, the owner of a future business needs to draw up all the regulatory documents (charters, rules of provision, general terms of service, etc.) Documents need to be developed in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation and special federal laws (No. 151, 152, 230, 115, etc.). d.)

Then you need to decide on the legal form: LLC, JSC, etc. and register a legal entity with the tax office by paying a state fee (4,000 rubles). The list of required documents can be clarified at any branch of the Federal Tax Service. The registration procedure is standard, it takes 5 days, after which you can go for a certificate and other documents.

Next, you need to order a stamp and open a bank account. To do this, you need to select a suitable credit institution and familiarize yourself with the list of all necessary documents for opening a current account for legal entities. The account will be opened in approximately 2-5 days.

After this, you need to send a state duty to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in the amount of 1000 rubles from this organization’s current account. The state duty is paid for entering information about a legal entity into the state register of microcredit organizations. This is exactly what you need to write in the purpose of payment.

When the state duty is paid, you need to send a package of documents along with a receipt for payment of the duty to the Central Bank to obtain MCC status and be included in the list of financial market participants (MFO register). Within 14 days, the Central Bank's financial markets service must make a decision on whether to include the organization in the register or to refuse it.
As soon as information about the organization is added to the register, it will be able to provide microloans in cash at offices and points of sale.

Microloan franchises: which ones are there, which one to choose?

If your own strength is not enough to create an MFO from scratch, and the idea of ​​earning your first million by providing microloans does not leave you, then it is better to turn your attention to microloan franchises.

An alternative option for opening a microloan outlet would be a franchise of a microfinance organization. This is an excellent option for beginner businessmen with no experience and a great desire to do just this business.

A microloan franchise is the right to use the intellectual property (brand, logo, details, documents, conditions, etc.) of a large microfinance organization by its “little brother.” An aspiring entrepreneur pays money to the owner of a large microfinance organization for the right to open a microloan center that will operate under the brand of the “parent” organization. Moreover, the deal provides that the franchisee will comply with the charter and all regulatory documents of the franchisor.

Among the microfinance organizations that offer a franchise are: Money for You, Money before Payday, Momento Money, Miladenezhka, FastFinance, Convenient Money, Master Money, Migom Money and others.

Based on the terms of the franchise and customer reviews, the MFO FastMoney and Moneyman franchises receive very decent ratings. The anti-TOP included Money Before Payday and Momento Money.

5 reasons to work as a franchise

If you don’t have enough experience and money, and you don’t know how to open a microloan business from scratch, then it’s better to use a franchise. And that's why:

1. Opening your own microfinance organization has become very difficult and costly, and maintaining it is even more difficult (document flow, reporting, Central Bank inspections, etc.)
2. The assessment of the borrower will be carried out by the head office of the organization. There is no need to spend additional money on requests to BKI, calls to contacts, etc. Perhaps the franchisor has its own software or scoring program that additional franchise locations can use.
3. The parent organization undertakes accounting and legal services. The franchisee saves on an accountant, security service, lawyer, etc.
4. A recognizable and well-promoted brand, assistance in advertising. The owner of a new business needs to promote everything from scratch, but here you can use everything ready-made (layouts, training videos, a call center with free customer support, instructions for promoting on the Internet, via SMS, a guide on how to open a microloan center, etc. )
5. After the Law “On Collectors” (Federal Law No. 230) comes into force, not a single collection organization will work with a small microfinance organization that issues loans only in one locality on the periphery. If you work with a franchisor, you will have access to the spacecraft with which the “big brother” cooperates.

A legal entity that conducts financial activities on a limited scale (the maximum loan amount, for example, in rubles is 1,000,000) is called a microfinance organization or MFO in abbreviation. The core activity of MFOs is the provision of microloans to individuals on the basis of special agreements.

What is the difference between an MFO and a bank?

Before you start studying the question of how to open a microfinance organization, it is worth studying its main differences from a bank that issues microloans.

In addition to the reduced volumes of loans provided, microfinance organizations have a number of characteristics that distinguish them from banks:

• The loan is issued only in national currency.
• This microfinance organization does not have the right to unilaterally make changes to the agreed or fixed interest rate, the procedure for determining obligations under the agreement, the duration of their validity, and the commission.
• The MFO does not have the right to impose any penalties on a borrower who has repaid the microloan in full or in part, ahead of schedule, if he has indicated the corresponding intention.
• The MFO does not participate in the securities market.
• MFOs impose fewer requirements on the borrower when providing microloans.

Why are these organizations so popular?

The first MFOs began to appear on the legal lending market in 2011. Since then, the number of such organizations has been growing steadily. This process can be easily explained by the fact that the state maintains minimal control over such organizations, in contrast to control over large banks. The main positive qualities of MFOs are:

• A relatively easy procedure for registering a legal entity on behalf of which the organization will operate.
• Convenient levers for controlling the work of a microfinance organization and soft economic indicators.
• Lack of required insurance contributions to special funds.
• Lack of conditions for the required availability of required reserves.
• The absence of any basic requirements for the amount of equity capital.

Step-by-step instructions on how to open

The current legislation establishes that only a legal entity that is registered in the form of funds, institutions, with the exception of budgetary, autonomous non-trade organizations, partnerships, business companies or associations, has the right to open a microfinance organization. The presence of a special license is not a necessary condition; it will be sufficient to have a certificate from the relevant Federal Service (FSFM) about inclusion in a special register, which a legal entity receives upon registration.

Registration of a legal entity

For example, let’s take an LLC with one founder, who is the general director with the responsibilities of the chief accountant. To register an MFO we will need:

1. Company Charter;
2. Decision to establish an LLC;
3. Form 11001;
4. Order on the appointment of the General Director with the duties of the chief accountant;
5. Statement on the taxation system (general or simplified);
6. Receipt for payment of state duty;
7. Request for a copy of the charter.

Obtaining the status of a microfinance organization

To implement this step, you will need the following documents:

1. An application for entering information about a legal entity into the state register of microfinance organizations, signed by the head of the legal entity or his authorized representative;
2. A copy of the state registration certificate of the legal entity;
3. A copy of the decision to create a legal entity and a copy of the constituent documents;
4. A copy of the decision on the election of the bodies of the legal entity, indicating their composition as of the day the document was submitted to the authorized body;
5. Information about the founders;
6. Information about the actual address;
7. (For legal entities with foreign founders) Extracts from the register of the country of origin of legal entities or any other document of equal legal force;
8. Description of submitted documents.

When filling out payment documents, you must indicate the following details related to the payment of state duty:

• Payment basis indicator (106): “TP” – payments of the current year;
• Tax period indicator (107): “0”;
• Document number indicator (108): “0”;
• Document date indicator (109): “0”;
• Payment type indicator (110): “GP” - payment of duty;
• Two-digit status indicator (101): “01” – taxpayer (payer of fees) – legal entity;
• In field 104 of the settlement document we indicate the code indicator for the budget classification of federal budget revenues administered by the Federal Financial Markets Service.

The result of the application consideration will be known within 14 working days after sending the documents. Approximately 10 days after the FFMS received your package of documents, you can search for your organization in this registry.

Features of raising funds

In its financial activities, an MFO has the right, confirmed by law, to attract funds from certain categories of individuals: the founders of the organization, its participants, investors. At the same time, there is no limit on the amount of funds raised. If another individual provides funds for a loan, subject to the conclusion of one agreement with one borrower, then their maximum amount is limited to 1.5 million.

If a private individual transfers funds to an MFO, then the income that this organization receives is subject to mandatory taxation at the rate of 13%. In this case, the MFO withholds the required amount individually and settles it with the state budget. The investor receives his income in accordance with the agreement, except for the amount of personal income tax.

The MFO creates the necessary and mandatory rules to attract financial resources into deposits: a sufficient level of equity capital (not less than 5%), liquidity, with an indicator of more than 70%. The set of own funds of a microfinance organization includes: the organization’s capital, reserves, loans provided by co-founders/shareholders (legal entities or individuals), as well as other loans that have been credited to the organization’s account for a period of at least 3 years.

If an MFO goes bankrupt, all claims for loans made by it will be satisfied only after all debts with all other creditors have been repaid. These conditions are unquestioning, they are a mandatory clause and are prescribed in all microloan agreements. The quarterly calculation of indicators is carried out on the basis of the financial statements of the microfinance organization itself, which are carefully prepared and submitted to the Federal Financial Markets Service (this measure applies to all legal entities).

Due to the bank’s high requirements for credited persons, the demand for the services of microfinance organizations is quite high. At the same time, the owners of such organizations receive a stable profit, because the interest on deposits is very high.

A microfinance organization is a commercial organization that issues interest to legal entities in accordance with Federal Law dated July 2, 2010 No. 151-FZ “On microfinance activities and microfinance organizations.”

Information about microfinance organizations must be contained in the general register.

All microfinance organizations, in accordance with Federal Law dated December 29, 2015 N 407-FZ “On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation and invalidation of certain provisions of legislative acts of the Russian Federation,” are divided into microfinance companies and microcredit companies.

The requirements for microfinance companies are much higher than for microcredit companies: it is necessary that the charter amount to 70 million rubles, it is necessary to comply with the requirements for the formation of a reserve fund, an annual audit, etc.

At the same time, the possibilities of a microfinance company are much wider: it has the right to issue bonds, the loans issued are much larger - up to a million for citizens and up to three for organizations.

A microcredit organization does not have the right to issue loans in excess of 500 thousand for individuals and not more than a million for legal entities.

Reasons for opening an MFO

The reasons for opening an MFO are as follows:

1. A crisis for a microfinance organization is a time for accumulating profits, since banks are actively reducing the issuance of loans (especially to individuals), so competition in this area is much lower.
2. Despite the fact that the population is not exactly a reliable borrower, microfinance organizations in small towns are still staying afloat.
3. Low competition - since the Central Bank adopted new rules, the number of microfinance organizations has decreased, as “gray organizations” gradually left the market.

What is the difference between an MFO and a bank?

There are many differences between microfinance organizations and banks:

1. a microfinance organization can only issue short-term loans, while banks provide a full range of financial services;
2. It’s much easier to get a loan from a microfinance organization - you don’t need any documents other than proof of identity;
3. obtaining a loan from a microfinance organization is much faster than from a bank;
4. The bank often imposes additional services - issuing plastic cards, insurance.

How to open a microfinance organization is described in detail in this video:

How to open a microfinance organization yourself from scratch

There are two ways to open a microfinance organization:

• the first implies ;
• the second is opening from scratch.

Franchising is the easiest way, since the main obligations for organizing a business are dealing with both accounting and the legal side of the issue, and software.

In addition, specialists are trained, which reduces the risks associated with the impossibility of returning the money issued. A significant disadvantage of this method is the high cost of the franchise, although there are quite favorable offers.

To organize a company from scratch, you need to have knowledge of working with borrowers. The easiest way to start such a business is for a former bank employee.

The advantage in this case is that all the profit from issuing microloans goes to the owner of the organization. The downside is the need to independently bear the risk of non-returns.

The registration algorithm for a microfinance organization is as follows:

1. To register a limited liability company, it is necessary to prepare the entire package: these are constituent documents, an order for the appointment of a director, a corresponding application, a receipt for payment of the state fee, a lease agreement or a letter of guarantee for its conclusion;
2. Next, you should register the status of a microfinance organization - for this you need to send documents to the Federal Financial Markets Service about entering information into the system - the application is reviewed within two weeks; The list of documents is approximately as follows: an application for entering information, copies of registration and constituent documents, information about the founders, receipts for payment of state fees, information about the actual postal address, etc.
3. renting office space - it is better to choose a walkable location;
4. purchase of equipment, machinery and furniture;
5. hiring employees;
6. carrying out an advertising campaign.

The payback for such a business is quite large and occurs within a year.

How to register an individual entrepreneur with the Federal Tax Service - see.

Features of raising funds

Raising funds to a microfinance organization is carried out by organizing an advertising campaign. However, recently lead generation has been popular - an Internet marketing tool, in the implementation of which contextual advertising and direct marketing play a large role.

However, the process of attracting funds to a microfinance organization is subject to a number of rules:

1. funds are raised through loan agreements;
2. the transfer of funds to a microfinance organization is voluntary;
3. all employees must observe the secrecy of issuing loans (similar to banking);
4. clients must also keep information about invested funds confidential;
5. Moreover, such organizations do not have the right to attract funds from individuals, with the exception of the director or founder, and also if the amount of funds raised does not exceed 1.5 million;
6. the interest rate can change unilaterally;
7. the issuance of interest on raised funds can be in cash or non-cash form;
8. the client can manage funds independently and through an authorized representative;
9. arrest and confiscation of client funds can only be carried out by court decision;

Business plan with calculations

Before you act, you need to draw up a rough financial plan taking into account expenses and income.

How to draw up a business plan yourself - read.

Here's how business expenses will be roughly calculated:

1. Initial costs will include:
   1. registration of a limited liability company - about 20 thousand;
   2. furnishings - about 50 thousand rubles;
   3. purchase of several computers and programs for them - about 80 thousand;
   4. advertising campaign - about 80 thousand rubles;
   5. fund for issuing loans - about 1 million rubles.
2. running costs– these are the funds that are necessary monthly for the normal functioning of the business:
   1. premises rental – about 60 thousand;
   2. employee salary – about 100 thousand monthly;
   3. advertising campaigns and so on - about 100 thousand monthly.

Such financial costs will be typical for starting in a populated area where the population does not exceed 1 million people. With such monthly expenses, it is necessary to issue loans in the amount of more than half a million, only in this way the business will gradually begin to pay off.

How much can you earn and over what period?

So, for the calculation we took a small city with a population of less than a million people. Let's consider how profits will grow over five years.

Currently, the rate on microloans should not exceed three times the amount. This high rate is due to the fact that the risk of non-repayment on loans exceeds the risk of issuing bank loans.

If you set the rate at about 250%, then the capital can increase 30 times over a five-year period. Of course, we are not talking about net profit - it will depend on the effectiveness of the advertising campaign and the percentage of repayment on loans.

How to open a microfinance organization as a franchise, watch the video:

Over five years, monthly profits from microfinance activities can grow to 5 million, excluding taxes and personnel costs. For such income it is necessary to roll over the reserve fund annually.

This calculation is approximate in order to demonstrate the dynamics of profit growth.

It is worth increasing the pace gradually. It is worth starting to issue loans with small amounts - up to 50 thousand, without raising the interest rate.

There is an unspoken rule - the larger the loan amount, the higher the interest. This is due to the fact that even in the case of the most malicious evasion, a microcredit organization can gain at least a quarter of the profit.

It will be useful to make contacts with the police or other departments, since in case of non-repayment it will be necessary to obtain information about the borrower.

When creating a microfinance organization, you must consider the following:

1. the name must contain the phrase “microfinance company”;
2. a condition prohibiting the accrual of interest to the borrower, if the amount of interest and other payments accrued under the agreement reaches three times the amount of the loan, it should be indicated on the first page of the loan agreement;
3. a novice businessman should hire a good lawyer who will help understand the jungle of legislation and develop standard forms, and also represent the interests of the organization if forced collection is necessary;
4. According to recent information in the media, it became known that the Central Bank is ready to allow microfinance organizations to acquire the status of a bank with limited capabilities, thanks to which they will be able to receive financing from household deposits, engage in money transfers, exchange currency and issue guarantees; These changes are due to the fact that the Bank of Russia has revoked the licenses of many banks, and now this niche needs to be closed.

Thus, microcredit is a promising area for financing.

Individual entrepreneur status can also be obtained through the State Portal - details in.

Despite the fact that the start-up capital of a microfinance organization requires serious investments, the costs will pay off within a short period of time.

Pawnbroker, moneylender, spider - as they called people who lend money at interest. Some with envy, and some with hatred, parting with their last property. But they agreed on one thing: such a business brings fabulous income to its owner! In the era of a developed banking sector, it is difficult to imagine that one could try to do something like this. But in vain, not so long ago in Russia, Federal Law No. 151 was adopted, regulating the activities of microfinance organizations (MFOs) and bringing illegal lenders out of the shadows. Let's take a closer look at whether it is profitable to lend in our time.

What it is?

MFO is a legal entity registered in one of the permitted forms of organization and entered into the State Register of MFOs. This business is registered when the issuance of loans is systematic, and the main income of the company is precisely this activity.
In addition, the official status allows you to attract investors who will at least invest 1.5 million rubles in the business (the lower limit by law). It will be possible to insure risks of non-repayment of loans. And the number of people willing to take out debt will increase, because legally operating companies are trusted more.

Shouldn't we create an MFO?

It will be more difficult to open a car wash than to register an microfinance organization. The activities of such organizations are not banking in the legal sense of the word, therefore they are not required to obtain licenses and have a multi-billion-dollar authorized capital. Only the reporting form is somewhat more complicated than the standard form for entrepreneurs.

As a form of organization, the legislator offers us a number of different options, but in the vast majority of microfinance organizations they register as LLCs. Therefore, the package of documents for submission to the tax office is exactly the same:

• Statement;
• Certificate of State registration of a legal entity;
• Constituent documents;
• The decision to create an organization and approve the constituent documents;
• Decision on approval of the organization’s governing bodies;
• Certificate of address of the organization;
• Information about the founders;
• Payment of state duty;
• Extract from the Register of Foreign Legal Entities, if there are any among the founders.

The only thing is that after registration with the Federal Tax Service, you need to send an application with copies of the above documents to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (any nearest branch) with a request to include your organization in the unified register of microfinance organizations. By the way, according to the law, you must post the terms of the loan on the Internet, but it does not specify that you need to have your own website, so at first you can rent space on some third-party resource.
To start, rent 3-5 square meters in a shopping center (3,000 – 5,000 rubles in a regional center). Buy a table (from 2,000 rubles), a chair (from 700 rubles), a filing cabinet (from 3,000 rubles), an MFP (from 3,000 rubles) and bring a computer or laptop from home. As for advertising, everything is very individual; everyone has their own marketing budget. As you may have guessed, you will do the work of the director, accountant and one of the employees yourself. Since sometimes everyone needs to rest, we will hire a second employee. Qualification is not important here, you can take a 4th-5th year student at the institute, 15,000 rubles. he will be more than satisfied. As you can see, the starting capital for setting up a point is cheap. It is better to leave all other funds for loans, but you need to allocate at least 200,000 rubles for these purposes. Then by the end of the year you can get 1 million rubles, subject to a rate of 2% per day and a non-refund rate of 30%.

An auditor is coming to visit us.

Currently, the microfinance market is very poorly regulated. The 151 federal laws do not stipulate strict sanctions against organizations, so many honest players complain about the large number of “illegals.” Although recently the Central Bank of the Russian Federation has been paying close attention to small competitors of banks. In the second and third quarters of 2014, the electronic form for receiving MFO reports should be debugged (personal account on the Central Bank website); from July of this year, Nabiullina’s subordinates will be able to limit the maximum rates on unsecured loans and borrowings. And inflated interest rates are the main bread of MFOs. It is also necessary to prepare a decision of the “General Meeting of Participants” (founders) for each loan equal to or more than 10% of the authorized capital.

In principle, MFOs can be audited in the same way as any other organization. That is, if an inspector finds violations of fire safety rules in the company’s office, the inspector may close your business.

On your own.

Debt collection is strongly associated with the “roaring nineties”. But lately the media has increasingly been full of reports about criminal methods of debt settlement. Bandits again? No, this time these are legal, officially registered lenders.


Any founder of an MFO initially includes in the business plan a 10% - 15% risk of loan non-repayment, and sometimes, by reducing the time for checking the debtor and increasing the speed of issuing money, even 30%! But, you see, even after calculating this situation, you want to return everything back. MFOs often do not have a staff of lawyers or funds for collection services, so they have to cope on their own. Well, we see what comes out of this in the news.
Large networks, along with banking institutions, prefer to resolve disputes with clients in a civilized manner: from bailiffs to debt collectors. The latter generally buy out debts from microfinance organizations, however, from 3% of the value of the amount of obligations. In 2013, the volume of repurchased debts increased by 66%! Considering the number of delays in such companies, cooperation with debt collectors will only strengthen.

High risk, high margin.

If in Moscow or St. Petersburg MFIs are not very noticeable, then in the regions they literally flood the streets. In some cities there are more “I’ll give you money” kiosks than flower stalls! Not only the ease of registration attracts new entrepreneurs to this business, but also high earnings. The average profit margin is 20%! What other type of activity can bring similar income with a minimum of investment? However, 10,000 rubles contributed to create an LLC is clearly not enough; to start working, about 500 thousand are required (according to the expert assessment of the Russian Microfinance Center). We should not forget about the high level of overdue debt among clients of such organizations.
The most important thing is to calculate in advance and understand what you will have to do. According to statistics, every tenth registered microfinance organization ultimately does not issue a single loan. A simple procedure for completing documents ensures the entry of many inexperienced businessmen into the market, who, due to strong competition and lack of working capital, quickly leave the microfinance sector. Some go bankrupt due to the development of an ineffective network of branches instead of one successfully operating office.


In light of the cleansing of the financial market and tightening of legislation, now is not the best time to create an MFO. If you are confident in yourself and potential investors are lined up, I advise you to organize a business as a franchise of any federal network. By the way, you don’t have to wait for a benefactor with 1.5 million. You can create a pool of small investors who transfer funds to one of them, who will enter into a loan agreement. It’s even better if he is an individual entrepreneur, then, being on the “simplified tax”, he will have to deduct not 13% (income), but 6% of the interest. Try it, don’t be afraid to take risks, because moneylenders have always lived richly.