Church's introduction to mathematical logic. Book: Church A. “Introduction to Mathematical Logic. Other books on similar topics
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To narrow down the search results, you can refine your query by specifying the fields to search for. The list of fields is presented above. For example:
You can search in several fields at the same time:
Logical operators
The default operator is AND.
Operator AND means that the document must match all elements in the group:
research development
Operator OR means that the document must match one of the values in the group:
study OR development
Operator NOT excludes documents containing this element:
study NOT development
Search type
When writing a query, you can specify the method in which the phrase will be searched. Four methods are supported: search taking into account morphology, without morphology, prefix search, phrase search.
By default, the search is performed taking into account morphology.
To search without morphology, just put a “dollar” sign in front of the words in the phrase:
$ study $ development
To search for a prefix, you need to put an asterisk after the query:
study *
To search for a phrase, you need to enclose the query in double quotes:
" research and development "
Search by synonyms
To include synonyms of a word in the search results, you need to put a hash " #
" before a word or before an expression in parentheses.
When applied to one word, up to three synonyms will be found for it.
When applied to a parenthetical expression, a synonym will be added to each word if one is found.
Not compatible with morphology-free search, prefix search, or phrase search.
# study
Grouping
In order to group search phrases you need to use brackets. This allows you to control the Boolean logic of the request.
For example, you need to make a request: find documents whose author is Ivanov or Petrov, and the title contains the words research or development:
Approximate word search
For approximate search you need to put a tilde " ~ " at the end of a word from a phrase. For example:
bromine ~
When searching, words such as "bromine", "rum", "industrial", etc. will be found.
You can additionally specify the maximum number of possible edits: 0, 1 or 2. For example:
bromine ~1
By default, 2 edits are allowed.
Proximity criterion
To search by proximity criterion, you need to put a tilde " ~ " at the end of the phrase. For example, to find documents with the words research and development within 2 words, use the following query:
" research development "~2
Relevance of expressions
To change the relevance of individual expressions in the search, use the " sign ^
" at the end of the expression, followed by the level of relevance of this expression in relation to the others.
The higher the level, the more relevant the expression is.
For example, in this expression, the word “research” is four times more relevant than the word “development”:
study ^4 development
By default, the level is 1. Valid values are a positive real number.
Search within an interval
To indicate the interval in which the value of a field should be located, you should indicate the boundary values in parentheses, separated by the operator TO.
Lexicographic sorting will be performed.
Such a query will return results with an author starting from Ivanov and ending with Petrov, but Ivanov and Petrov will not be included in the result.
To include a value in a range, use square brackets. To exclude a value, use curly braces.
Series: "Physical and mathematical heritage: mathematics (foundations of mathematics and logic)" This monograph was written by one of the most famous specialists in the field of mathematical logic. It is intended by the author as a textbook for students, and also, to a certain extent, as a reference book. Assuming that the reader has only a general mathematical culture, the book from the very first pages introduces him to deep problems associated with the basic concepts of mathematical logic. The material presented in it is valuable for any mathematician, including a specialist in mathematical logic. Non-mathematicians can also use it as a reference book. Publisher: "URSS" (2009)
Church became famous for developing a theory that followed his famous article of the year, in which he showed the existence of the so-called. "unsolvable problems". This article preceded the famous study on the topic, which also demonstrated the existence of problems that cannot be solved by mechanical means. Subsequently, Church and Turing showed that the lambda calculus and had the same properties, thus proving that different " mechanical processes computing" could have the same capabilities. This work was formatted as . Church remained professor of mathematics at Princeton for up to a year, after which he moved to . Among other things, his system formed the basis, in particular, of the family (for example, see alsoOther books on similar topics:
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