Presentation on the topic of agriculture. Presentation "Agriculture of the Chuvash" presentation for the lesson (senior group) on the topic. "Definitely for the better!"

Plan1.
2.
3.
4.
tribal system
Domestication of animals and cattle breeding
The emergence of agriculture
Craft development

Rod of the Horse

Rod Bison
Rod Bear

What is a tribal community? Who composes it? What do members of the community have in common and what unites them?

Tribal communities and tribe

leader
elder
elder
GENUS
Complete the chart. Item 1 pp. 27-28

Tribal communities and tribe

leader
Advice
elders
TRIBE
elder
elder
elder
GENUS
GENUS
GENUS

New words

Genus - a group of relatives
living and working together and
having common property
A tribe is an association of several
tribal communities.
The elder is the head of the clan.
The leader is the head of the tribe.

Make up a story using the following words:

Genus of the Horse about the origin
agriculture (item 3, page 30)
Rod Bison about the origin
animal husbandry (item 2, page 29)
Rod Bear about the origin
crafts (item 4 pp. 31-32)

Agriculture

10,000 years ago in
Western Asia
agriculture appeared

Stages of hoe farming

... women loosened the soil
hoe - a stick with a tip attached to it
from horn or stone ...

... and then they sowed grains in the ground.

Ears were collected with sickles made of horn or bone, inserting sharp
stones.
Hoe farming required great physical effort,
but gave constant yields.
It is better than gathering provided people with food.

Cattle breeding

Craft -
manufacturing
various products

Transition to settled life
contributed to the development
crafts - manufacturing
products (objects),
which
do not meet in
Nature.
People have perfected
stone processing:
about 7 thousand years ago
they learned to drill and
grind stone...

weaving
first stage
pottery
manual
Potter's wheel
...began to make earthenware, scorched
on fire.
This made it possible to switch to the use of boiled
food.

Craft Development

Exercise. Consider the drawing. Which
prehistoric occupations
portrayed by the artist? Page 28

"How has it changed
life of people
after they
began to engage
agriculture and
cattle breeding?

"Definitely for the better!"

They no longer need
to risk
own
life
They got smaller
depend on
nature and
produce
as much as
need to
Moved to
settled (?) image
life

gathering
ASSIGNING
ECONOMY
hunting
agriculture
MANUFACTURING
ECONOMY
cattle breeding
"How do you understand this scheme?"

Appropriating economy

Hunting
gathering
(person uses
gifts of nature)

Producing economy

Agriculture
Cattle breeding
(the man himself
produces
Food)

Task: draw up a rescue program from the destruction of the tribe

applied:
A) a hoe
B) sickle
B) stone ax
D) potter's wheel

people were:
A) tiger
B) a horse
B) a cow
D) dog

6. Pottery is:
A) thread making

B) cloth making
D) housing construction

elders

CHECKING!

1. Farming arose from: A) hunting B) gathering C) fishing D) craft 2. Find the excess: In agricultural work

applied:
A) a hoe
B) sickle
B) stone ax
D) potter's wheel

3. Cattle breeding arose from: A) hunting B) gathering C) fishing D) crafts 4. The first animal that the ancients tamed

people were:
A) tiger
B) a horse
B) a cow
D) dog

5. What craft did not originate among primitive people A) making knightly armor B) pottery C) spinning D) weaving

6. Pottery is:
A) thread making
B) making pottery
B) cloth making
D) housing construction

7. Several tribal communities living in the same area: A) made up a tribe B) consisted of large families C) were ruled by a council

elders

Homework

Paragraph 4 - read, questions 1-3 (oral),
learn new words + notes in a notebook

Complete the sentences

Several tribal communities united
V…
The first domesticated animal was...
The tool that replaced the digging stick
called...
The tool with which
made dishes, called ...

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Slides captions:

Presentation on the topic: "Agriculture of the Chuvash"

The most important thing in the life of the Chuvash was agriculture. The land was plowed first by hand, then by a horse, a plow or a plow.

Plow Harrow

Seeds were sown by hand from a basket hanging over the shoulder. They scattered the grain in a handful, and then harrowed it with a harrow.

In their fields, the Chuvash grew: rye is the most important bread plant, oats are an important food for horses, barley was used to make cereals, fabrics were made from flax, oil was squeezed out of seeds.

When it was time to harvest, grain crops (rye and wheat) were harvested with a sickle. Some cultures - for example, millet - were pulled with their hands, peas, lentils, and buckwheat were mowed down.

The Chuvash worked with the whole family. The eldest began to reap bread in the family. Compressed bread was tied into sheaves. Sheaves were laid out so that they could dry, and then transported to the current, where they were also dried

After drying, the grain was threshed. The main method of threshing was threshing with flails. After threshing, the straw was removed, the grain was collected in a heap.

Throwing upwards with a shovel, the grain was sieved, then passed through a sieve to clean the grain. Then the grain was ground with hand mills. But, if there was a lot of grain, then it was taken to the mill, which was windy, watery.

The peasant returned from the mill with a feeling of great satisfaction.


On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Chuvashia is my home

Cognitive event for children of senior preschool age with OHP (general underdevelopment of speech) ...

NOD Our Neighbors (Republics: Mari El, Mordovia, Chuvashia)

It is very important in preschool age to form in children a positive attitude towards people of different nationalities. GCD "Our Neighbors" will help expand children's knowledge about the indigenous people of Chuvashia, Mordovia, ...

The emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry History teacher MOU secondary school No. 1 g.o. Zvenigorod Bortnikova T.I

Ancient world

  • In France; 3. In Greece;
  • In Germany; 4. In Spain.
    • What is the name of a person's faith in witchcraft, in werewolves, in the soul, in life after death?
  • Philosophy;
  • religious beliefs;
  • Anthropology;
  • sociology.
Check yourself What animals were depicted on the vaults of the Altamira cave?
  • deer; 3. Horses;
  • bison; 4. Mammoths.
    • What supernatural, according to primitive people, lives in every person?
  • Soul; 3. Mind;
  • Spirit; 4. Intuition.
Plan: 1. The emergence of hoe farming. 2. Domestication of animals. 3. The emergence of crafts. 4. Tribal communities and tribe. 5. Spirits, idols and sacrifices. Hoe farming While gathering, the women noticed that wild seeds that fell into the ground sprout. People deliberately began to sow grain in loosened soil. Hoe farming
  • A plot of land for sowing was prepared by cutting down trees with a stone ax and uprooting stumps. They dug up the earth with a stick with a knot - a wooden hoe and threw seeds at it. When the harvest was ripe, the ears were cut with a sickle.
Hoe - a wooden stick with a knot at the end, used to dig up the earth. Hoe - a wooden stick with a knot at the end, used to dig up the earth. A sickle is an ancient tool made of bone or wood, used to cut plants in agricultural work. Hoe farming When the harvest ripened, the ears were cut with a sickle. Grinding grains on flat stones (grain graters), they obtained flour. Cakes were baked on the coals of the hearth. Hoe farming Earlier than in other areas, agriculture arose in Western Asia., because it is there that wild-growing barley and wheat are found. And then it spread to neighboring countries. So more than 10 thousand years ago, agriculture arose from gathering. domestication of animals Men sometimes brought home the cubs of killed animals from hunting. They fed and tamed them. The first domestic animal was a dog, then pigs, sheep, goats and cows. So out of hunting arose cattle breeding. Man's life now depended on his own labor and skill. Appearance of craft From the harvest they learned to cook food, and for this they needed utensils. primitive people learned to weave baskets from thin rods in which the products were stored. Coating the basket with clay, you can store grain and flour in it. Then people learned to sculpt pots from clay and burn them in the fire of the hearth. In earthenware, it was possible not only to store food, but also to cook food on fire. Weaving and spinning On the floor in the dwelling, a mat was usually spread - a rug woven from straw, grass or reed. Weaving, which women mastered, resembled mat weaving. Was invented loom. A threads for making fabrics spun, that is, twisted from six domestic animals or flax fibers. With the invention of spinning and weaving, people got clothes made of linen and woolen fabric. Tribal communities and the Kindred tribe gathered together to solve common problems, they chose elders. Elders- the most experienced and wise people, who ruled tribal communities, made sure that all relatives performed general works in the fields and equally divided the harvested grain. who knew the habits of animals, the properties of plants, ancient legends. Elders - the most experienced and wise old people of the tribe who knew the habits of animals, the properties of plants, ancient legends. Tribal communities and tribe

Several tribal communities living in the same area constituted a tribe. Tribe ruled council of elders.

Council of Elders

To resolve especially important matters and issues, the elders convened a meeting of all adult members of the tribe.

A tribe is an association of several tribal communities living in the same area. Tribal communities and tribe Why was expulsion from the tribe considered the most terrible punishment? Spirits, idols and sacrifices. For primitive people, everything in nature was animate. Spirits live in any plant or stone, in a cloud, lightning, wind. The most powerful spirits people called gods. Spirits are invisible creatures that live in any plant, stone, wind, lightning, cloud. The gods are the most powerful spirits. Spirits, idols and sacrifices. Primitive people believed that supernatural forces controlled their lives, which could be influenced by prayers, sacrifices and other religious rites. Consolidation of the studied material 1. The first farmers dug up the earth ... 2. They cut the ears ... 3. They ground the grains into ... 4. They cut down trees ... 5. Agriculture and cattle breeding arose in Western ... 6. They learned to make from clay. .. 7. To make clothes, women have learned ... 8. Creatures that live in wildlife

grain graters

weave and spin

Check yourself From what occupation of people did cattle breeding arise?

  • From beekeeping; 4. From hunting.
    • What is the name of an ancient tool made of bone or wood, used to cut (compress) plants?
  • Hoe; 3. sickle;
  • Axe; 4. Harpoon.
Check yourself Who was engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products?
  • Hunter;
  • farmer;
  • Artisan;
  • Weaver.
    • From what occupation did agriculture originate?
  • From cattle breeding; 3. From gathering;
  • From beekeeping; 4. From hunting.
    • A wooden stick with a knot at the end, used for cultivating the land, is
  • Hoe; 3. Rake;
  • Sickle; 4. Spit.
http://www.husain-off.ru/hg7n/hg7-a1-12.html 2. http://lah.ru/text/sklyarov/zerno-text.htm 3. http://900igr.net/kartinki/biologija/metody-selektsii-zhivotnykh/003-metody-selektsii-zhivotnykh.html 4. http://900igr.net/fotografii/ekologija/ekologija-organizmov/007-2.-etap-agrarnoj-tsivilizatsii.html 5. http://murzim.ru/nauka/istorija/page/21/ 6.http://www.prehistoryforkids.archeologia.ru/45/45.htm 7.http://blogs.mail.ru/mail/galina.lena/4DF6770ED8252F4C.html

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slide 2

COMPOSITION OF AGRICULTURE

  • Due to the wide variety of cultivated plants, the sectoral composition of agriculture is very complex.
  • Most of the production comes from agriculture.
  • Its key industry is grain farming.

  • slide 3

    GRAIN FARMING

    • The share of Russia in world grain production is about 5%.
    • Grain crops occupy almost 60% of all sown areas.
    • The yield of grain crops in Russia is very low - 19 q/ha.

  • slide 4

    COMPOSITION OF AGRICULTURE

    As you watch the presentation, fill in the systematizing table:

    slide 5

    GRAIN FARMING

    • The most important grain crop in Russia is wheat (50% of the harvest).
    • It is quite thermophilic and does not tolerate acid podzolic and sod-podzolic soils.
    • Therefore, its crops are mainly concentrated in the southern regions of the country.
    • Due to the harsh climate of Russia, the main part of the crops of this crop falls on spring wheat, sown in the spring.
    • It is sown in the steppes of the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia.

  • slide 6

    The yield of winter wheat sown in autumn is higher, as it uses the moisture of autumn and winter precipitation.

    But it does not tolerate frost well, therefore it is grown mainly in the south of the Central Black Earth region and the Volga region.

    Slide 7

    Slide 8

    • The second grain crop in Russia is barley.
    • It is used primarily for livestock feed, but is also used as a food product and for the production of beer.
    • Barley tolerates both high and low temperatures, is not very demanding on soils.
    • It is sown almost everywhere, but most of all in the Central Black Earth region, the Volga region and the North Caucasus.

  • Slide 9

    The third place in the collection is rye.

    Rye is more resistant to cold than wheat, grows well on acidic soils.

    Therefore, it is grown in the middle lane and in the north of the European part of the country.

    I. SHISHKIN "RYE"

    Slide 10

    INDUSTRIAL CROPS

    Industrial crops include those that are used as raw materials for individual industries.

    Unlike cereals, they are laborious and are placed in compact foci.

    Fiber flax provides fiber used to make fabrics.

    To obtain good fiber, a cool and humid climate is needed.

    Therefore, flax is grown in the north-west of the European part of Russia.

    slide 11

    • Sunflower and sugar beets, on the other hand, need dry and hot summers, which contribute to the accumulation of oil and sugar in the fruits.
    • In addition, they do not grow well on acidic soddy-podzolic soils.
    • The main areas of their growth are the Central Black Earth and the North Caucasus.

  • slide 12

    POTATOES AND VEGETABLES

    Potato crops are concentrated (90%) in the center of the European part of Russia.

    Potato growing farms have been established near large cities and potato processing enterprises.

    Most of the vegetables are also grown here.

    slide 13

    HORTICULTURE AND VITICULTURE

    Horticulture and viticulture major industries agriculture, are represented only in the southern regions of the country.

  • Slide 14

    COMPOSITION OF AGRICULTURE

  • GRAIN FARMING
  • GROWING INDUSTRIAL CROPS
  • POTATO GROWING
  • VEGETABLE
  • GARDENING
  • VITICULTURE



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