The bayonet is a non-tightening knot, holds the load well and is easily untied after removal. It was originally used to tie ships to mooring buoys. Over time, knots belonging to types of bayonets began to be used by fishermen, climbers and sailors. It is worth mentioning that all nodes of this family must be completed with a control node or scrum.

Simple half bayonet

This is the basis for the nodes of this family, but it can be used as an independent element, or as a final element. A rope or rope is looped around any support to which it is necessary to fasten, then around the main cable and threaded through the loop formed. The free tail is secured with a scrum or any control knot is tied.

In addition to standard applications, it is used when connecting two ropes or ropes.

Simple bayonet

If you tie 2 half bayonets, they form one simple bayonet. It has always been used to secure the rope to various mooring bollards, bits, guns and bollards. Many beginners may tie the second half bayonet incorrectly, and as a result, the knot tends to tighten.

To determine whether you have tied the rope correctly, you need to bring the half bayonets together. If you did everything correctly, they form a bleached knot, otherwise - a cow knot. If you want to increase the strength, you can use another half bayonet. This is the maximum number that can be rationally used for fastening reliability, and increasing their number will not increase efficiency.

Very often, two such knots are used for short-term connection of two mooring lines or ropes.

It is also rational to use this unit when it is necessary to secure a rope during strong traction, for example, when a car is being towed or to secure a safety rope.

Knitting pattern

1. We make a loop around the fulcrum.
2. We pass the rope through the formed loop. It makes no difference whether you pass the free end over or under the rope. It is important that all subsequent ones are tied in the same way as the first.
3. Make a loop around the rope.
4. We pass the free end through the formed loop, just like the first time.
5. We secure the end with a control knot.

Application

A simple bayonet is used in maritime navigation to fasten the rope ends of a sea vessel to special protrusions on the pier for mooring the vessel.

This knot is so reliable and easy to untie that even the ships of the royal fleet used it to secure their ships to the piers.

A simple bayonet is also used in carrying out loading and unloading operations on a ship. It is used to secure large loads to the hook of a crane or winch.

Bed bayonet

For many centuries, the bed for sailors was a hanging canvas hammock with a mattress.

In order to minimize the time for getting ready for bed and making the bed, you need a simple and reliable knot that is easy to tie and untie.

Most often it was the bed bayonet that was used.

Fisherman's bayonet

Fisherman's bayonet, or, in other words, anchor knot- the name speaks for itself, it is used to attach the rope to the eye or to the anchor shackle.

During the entire existence of the shipping business, and this is more than one thousand years, a more suitable method for attaching an anchor has not been invented. This version of the node is somewhat similar to with a simple bayonet or a simple bayonet with a hose.

Its difference is that the first of the half-bayonets passes inside the hose, which clasps the object.

Simple bayonet with hose

This version of the knot is also used for fastening mooring lines, but in cases where the ship is stationary for a long time and there is no need to quickly set sail. It differs from a simple bayonet in that an additional turn of the rope is made around the object. Two hoses make the knot more reliable and will avoid chafing of the rope.

Today, only the stands of maritime museums and the pages of ancient manuals can introduce you to the heights of rigging skills that are becoming a thing of the past. Technical progress in the Navy he minimized the need for all kinds of handicrafts on the rope. And it is no coincidence that rigging rooms in maritime universities and schools are closed, training programs for sailors in rigging are periodically reduced.
And yet the maritime knot is still alive: zealous guardians of the ancient craft can be found in many of our yacht clubs. These people, and most often they are excellent sailors, are capable of tying knots with a speed that is imperceptible to the eye, quickly and beautifully making braids, ogons, buttons, musings, braids...
Fulfilling the wishes of readers of “Boats and Yachts” who are just getting started with water sports and maritime affairs, on the tab of this issue we present pictures of the 24 most commonly used maritime knots. We hope that this publication will help you join the mystery of knitting beautiful, and most importantly, reliable knots that will not let you down in a critical situation. It is in the reliability and ease of untying—“recoil”—that the main advantage of the sea knot lies. But you should remember that each knot is good only in its “own place”: therefore, you need to not only learn how to knit the main knots, but also figure out when and where they should be used!
We mentioned yacht clubs. However, knowledge of maritime knots is necessary not only for yachtsmen. Sailing on any boat begins with a knot at the mooring end. Any boater has to tie a safety rope to the motor, anchor, accept the towing line, sling a heavy engine to remove it for repairs, etc. and so on.
When tying knots, they act as the so-called running ends of the cables. Those ends around which the running ends are wrapped are called root ends.
We turn to the consideration of the nodes shown on the tab between pages 48 and 49.

1, 2. STRAIGHT AND REEF KNOTS.
The two upper (running) ends should come out from the same side as the two lower ones, i.e. the knot should be symmetrical. If symmetry is not maintained, it will no longer be a straight knot, but a “woman’s” knot.
A straight knot is used in cases where you need to quickly tie two ends or secure a cable to an object. A tight straight knot is sometimes easier to cut than to untie.
hspace="5">In order for the knot to be easily distributed, it is made with a loop at one of the running ends. In this case, the result is no longer a straight one, but a reef knot. By pulling the end of the loop, it is easy to untie it. The loop is the only external difference between a reef knot and a straight one. It is easy to guess that this node began its
life from knitting reef lines on sails. Use a reef knot on springy and slippery synthetic ropes not recommended - it may refuse. For the same reason, they should not be used to tie ends of sharply different diameters.

The running end of this unit is wrapped twice around the main one, then the operation is repeated, but in the opposite direction. This knot is tightened less than a single knot. It is used when tying thin lines, vein-type threads, and yuzin from synthetic materials of small diameter (yuzin - special kind line for lining boat rigging). This node also has a second name - surgical.

Suitable for tying ends of different diameters. This unit is safe, reliable, and does not tighten under load. With its help you can, for example, extend the anchor end.

When starting to knit a flat knot, fold one end into a loop. A flat knot is distinguished by symmetry: it is tied correctly if the ends being tied are intertwined with one another in a strict sequence - they go “one after another.”

.
Having placed the running end on the main one and forming a small loop, insert the running end into it from the other side - its closest part from the point of crossing: a loop is obtained in a loop. If you pull the ends of a knot that is not pulled, the loops will fall apart. If you insert something into the second loop, for example a pile, it will jam when the ends are pulled together.

The knot is widely used both in rigging and in maritime practice. It can be tightened if required on a duck or other item. You can “jam” the second loop without inserting a pile into it. To do this, holding the second loop, tighten the first one.

6. SIMPLE BAYONET.
Most often used for mooring. The running end of the cable is pulled into the eye, carried around the pole, placed on the root end and brought up through the loop. Two correctly executed bayonets (and it is best to place the running end on the main one from above and always in the same direction) form a bleached knot around the main one (see 10). The knot gives easily, especially if the eye or object on which the mooring line is attached has a size larger than the diameter of the cable.
7. BAYONET WITH TWO SLUGS.
To prevent wear of the cable under high voltage, it is advisable, instead of a simple bayonet, to use a bayonet with two hoses, which are wound around the eye or stick. The knot does not tighten. It is not difficult to give it away, even when the cable is tightly packed.
8. BAYONET WITH BACK.
Having learned how to knit a bayonet with two hooks, it is easy to master a bayonet with a bow. This knot resembles a towing one (see 24) and is also good for mooring.
9. FISHING BAYONET.
This is a kind of bayonet version with two shlags. Used when mooring, but most often used to tie the end into the anchor shackle. Holds up excellent. It gives back easily if it is specifically pulled in with force in advance.
Two hoses are tied around the anchor shackle with some slack and their size is knocked out. Then the running end is passed under the hoses. The knot is completed with one or more bayonets and a safety bezel (they tie the running end to the main thin cable).

If it is necessary to securely fasten the cable to any object or to another cable (shrouds, stand, pole), use a tapping knot. The first hose of the running end is carried around the object or thrown over it so that the end passes over the main one. The second gate is launched nearby, but in the opposite direction. The knot is reliable if the thrust is distributed evenly to both ends. In order for it to work effectively with one-sided traction, the running end is secured with a bezel to the main one.

When it is necessary to distribute the load across the two ends of the cable or completely transfer it from one end to the other, they resort to a sliding bayonet. The knot begins to be tied with a hose around the working cable. A second hose is formed behind the first hose, covering the root end of the first hose. The third hose is made, slightly retreating from the first two, then the running end is passed around the cable being tied in the direction opposite to the position of the root end. This is done so that the third hose is well clamped when tightening the knot. The working part of the unit is the first two hoses. The likelihood of slipping is reduced if the hoses are made along the lay of the cable. The load on the auxiliary gear must coincide in direction with the direction of pull of the cable (sheet, halyard, mooring line). The disadvantage of a retractable bayonet is that it tightens under load.

A retractable bayonet is knitted on the spar, running the second hose not on top of the first, but parallel to it. The third hose is made in the same way as on a cable.

Taking a closer look at this knot, it is easy to see that it is very similar to a bleached one. Its pattern is the same, but the hoses on one side are separated by an anchor spindle. Most often, a buoy rope knot is used to attach an end to an anchor - a buoy rope, the upper end of which is tied into a buoy - a float showing the place where the anchor lies at the bottom.

The cable is folded in half. The part of the double end at the point of inflection - the “back” - becomes the running one. The root ends running parallel and side by side are crossed, resulting in a small double loop. The “back” of the cable running gear is passed into it, pulled through and lowered down next to the large loop. The loop formed by the cable running gear must be of such a size that it can easily accommodate a large double loop. When this double loop is passed through the loop formed by the running end, the latter is raised to the point where the knot begins to form and is brought out over the small double loop. The knot is completed by tightening.
A double gazebo unit can replace a “gazebo,” i.e., a “boatswain’s board.” It is convenient because a large double loop is possible. form on any section of the cable, for example, in its middle, and let the ends through different blocks. When there is a load on any part of the double loop, the knot does not tighten.

Useful for tying together two cables of different diameters. It is reliable when pulled at one end, which distinguishes it favorably from other units used for the same purpose. In some cases, a direct knot is preferable.
The end of one of the connected cables is folded in half, the end of the other cable is inserted into the resulting loop, it is carried around the first double cable and directed under its own part that was just passed into the loop. They do the same thing when tying any end into a string or fire.

15. WINDOWLET KNOT.
Preferable and more reliable than clew. Especially if you have to deal with slippery springy ends made of synthetic fibers. What distinguishes it from a clew is that the end of one of the cables is wrapped twice around the doubled end of the other cable.

16. SEAT UNIT.

The loop of this knot does not tighten under load. One of several ways to tie a knot is to tie the running end into a small loop formed at the root end by simply bending it. When the running end is brought into the small loop, it is carried around the main one and again directed into the small loop. The size of the non-tightening large loop is determined according to the purpose of the knot.

One of the most popular units used for fastening objects raised to a height or towed (boards, logs, etc.). The noose is often used to fasten the ends of sails when it is necessary to secure sails folded on a spar.
When tying a knot, the running end is wrapped around the object, the root end is wrapped around it, and it is wrapped around itself several times. On a three-strand cable, this is done in the direction of the cable lay. For braided lines, the direction of twist does not matter.
To prevent a long object from “walking” when lifting or towing, closer to its end, at some distance from the noose, a hose is formed on the side of the direction of pull. Such a knot is called a noose with a hose.

The top knot, or more precisely, the triple top knot, is most often used for attaching standing rigging to the top of a temporary (emergency) mast.
Three loops are laid sequentially on the deck, one on top of the other. Then the loops are shifted so that the left part of the first (bottom) loop lies on top of the right part of the top one and both of them are in the center of the bottom loop. The parts of the side loops stretched to the sides and aligned seem to form two petals on the sides of the knot. All that remains is to raise and align the top one to the size of the side loops. The node is ready. The top of the mast will pass through its center. After tightening the knot, the stay and shrouds are tied into three loops with clew knots. For the backstay there is a long running end, which is connected to a short arbor. If the running ends are short, they are tied and a backstay is tied into the fourth loop formed. If a temporary mast is installed directly on the deck, then its spurs, like the top, can be strengthened - stretched - using a triple top knot.

19. "EIGHT".
It is used as a tackle stopper in a bale or block. When forming a knot, the running end is placed on the main end, passed under it and, again brought up, directed into the loop that was obtained at the beginning of the work. Under load, the knot tightens.

20. DOUBLE "EIGHT".
The volume is larger than single. It is obtained by running the running end a second time around the main end before directing it into the loop and tightening it.

Used for temporary unloading of any gear, transferring it to another fastening device or winch. The locking unit differs from the sliding bayonet, which is used for the same purpose, in that it does not tighten under load, but is less reliable.
When tying this knot, they try to run the running end parallel to the end under load and as close as possible to the direction of pull. The locking cable is carried around the working cable, they make several turns around the latter in the direction of the lay and the running end of the locking cable is grabbed to the working cable with a heel or held by hand. After this, the load can be carefully transferred to the locking cable and the running end of the working cable can be released.

22. “CAT’S FEET.”
This knot is ideal for attaching a sling to a hook. Doesn't drag on; holds excellently if the load falls evenly on both parts.
The upper part of the sling is bent and lowered onto the root ends running parallel to the lower part. Each of the two loops formed is synchronously twisted outward one or more times around its own ends. The node is ready. All that remains is to put the loops of the sling on the hook.

It is similar in appearance to a bayonet with a bow, but differs from it in that the running end is passed through a loop under the main end on the boat canopy. It is released if the end of the loop is pulled.
The unit is convenient for attaching the towing end on boats that do not have cleats. The end is always at hand for the rower, which eliminates the need for unnecessary movement around the boat, which can lead to capsizing. If there is no eye or butt on the stem into which a painter or tug is passed, the boat knot should be tied on the can closest to the bow.

Having laid the cable on the hook, the running end is put over the main end and again directed to the hook. The operation is repeated several times if they want to ensure that the cable does not slip under load. Extra run-ins are very useful when dealing with synthetic ends.
The same unit is applicable when attaching the tow rope to the mast. In this case, however, the entire running end has to be carried around the main and mast. In the case of a biting, proceed in the same way as attaching a tugboat to a hook.

Based on materials from the bookLev Scriabin “Sea Knots”

2. Untightened knots.

Simple half bayonet(Fig. 9). A simple half-bayonet, being the simplest of non-tightening knots, is widely used in maritime affairs. It serves as the final element of many nodes. Wrap the running end of the cable around the object to which you want to tie the cable, then around the root end of the cable and pass it into the resulting loop.

After this, attach the running end of the cable with a grip to the root end. A knot tied in this way reliably withstands strong traction. He may move towards the object, but he will never be drawn in.

A simple half-bayonet is used to connect two cables with “foreign” and “own” ends.

Simple bayonet(Fig. 10). Two identical half-bayonets make up a knot, which sailors call a simple bayonet. The expression “throw half a bayonet” means adding to the knot already made one more carry and crossing the running end around the root end of the cable. The diagram shows a non-tightening knot widely used in maritime affairs - one of the simplest and most reliable knots for attaching moorings to mooring bollards, bits, guns and bollards. To distinguish a correctly tied bayonet from an incorrect bayonet, the two loops of the knot must be brought closer together. If this results in a bleached knot (see Fig. 48), then it means that the simple bayonet was tied correctly. For such a bayonet, its running end, both after the first and after the second pegs, should extend equally above or below its end. An inverted, i.e. incorrectly tied, simple bayonet (Fig. 10, b), the running end after the second pebble goes in the opposite direction, not the same as after the first. When two loops of an inverted knotted bayonet are brought together, instead of bleached it turns out bovine knot (see Fig. 46). If the half bayonets of a simple bayonet are made in different directions, then when the cable is tensioned they will come together and the knot will be tightened. The main use of a simple bayonet in the navy is to secure mooring ends to mooring fixtures, to secure the guys of cargo booms to the butts and eyes, and to secure the cargo pendant to the load being lifted.

The maximum number of half-bayonets in such a knot under any circumstances should not exceed three, since this is quite sufficient and the strength of the knot as a whole will not increase with a larger number of half-bayonets. The reliability of this mooring unit is eloquently demonstrated by the old English nautical proverbs: “Two half-bayonets saved the queen’s ship” and “Three half-bayonets are more than enough for the royal yacht.”

Sailors often use two simple bayonets to temporarily connect two mooring lines, cable and pearl lines.

On shore, this simple but reliable unit can be used in all cases when the cable needs to be temporarily attached to some object for strong traction, for example, to a hook when towing a car.

Rice. 10. Simple bayonet:
A - properly tied; 6 - inverted (wrong)

Bed bayonet(Fig. 11). For many centuries, the bed for sailors on ships was a canvas hanging bunk in the form of a hammock with a thin mattress made of crushed cork. In plan, it has the shape of a rectangle, the small sides of which have eight eyelets for the so-called pendant ropes. These pendants are connected in rings, which in turn are suspended by the berth pins to special eyelets in beams or to rods made in the ship's cockpit for hanging berths at night. During the day, rolled-up bunks along with a pillow, blanket and sheet were stored in so-called bunk nets along the side on the deck and served as a reliable parapet from cannonballs and shrapnel during the battle. In the evening, before lights out, at the command “Bunks down!” they were carried below deck and suspended. Tying a knot to hang a bunk is serious business. Here you need to use a knot that does not tighten, is easy to untie and holds securely. The most important thing is that it does not come undone on its own under the influence of the continuous rocking of the ship. Sailors used various knots to hang their bunks, but the bunk bayonet was considered the most reliable.

rice. 11. Bed bayonet

Simple bayonet with slag(Fig. 12). This knot differs from a simple bayonet by one additional hose around the object to which the cable is attached. It also serves mainly for fastening cables and ropes when mooring using bollards, bits and poles, but is used, unlike a simple bayonet, in cases where there is no need to quickly release the mooring lines. This knot is also convenient for attaching a cable to a hook, fire, eye, etc. Two hoses around the object make this knot more reliable during long stays; in any case, due to the additional hose, it will not fray as quickly as a simple bayonet.

Rice. 12. Simple bayonet with hose

Simple bayonet with two slags(Fig. 13). In fact, this is also a type of simple bayonet. The difference from the previous node is an additional, third hose. It increases the strength of the knot if the cable experiences constant friction against the bollard or biting. Attaching the cable to the hook using this unit is a very reliable method.

Bayonet with drift(Fig. 14). If for a simple bayonet with two hoses the latter pass on the side of the attachment point of the root end, then with this unit they are placed one on each side. This gives the knot greater symmetry; when the direction of pull changes, the knot moves less along the object to which it is tied.

To tie a bayonet with a bow, you first need to make one hose around the object with the running end, encircle it behind the root end and make a hose again, but in the other direction. This is followed by one or two half-bayonets.

Rice. 14. Bayonet with drift

Fisherman's bayonet (anchor knot)(Fig. 15). One of the most important cases of using a knot in maritime affairs is tying an anchor rope to an anchor. Over the five thousand years of shipping, people could not come up with a more reliable knot for this purpose than a fishing bayonet. Tested by centuries of experience in maritime practice, this knot is recognized by sailors of all countries as the most reliable for attaching a rope to the eye or to the anchor shackle.

A fishing bayonet (or anchor knot) is to some extent similar to a simple bayonet with a hose (see Fig. 12). It differs from it in that the first of the two half-bayonets additionally passes inside the hose that clasps the object. When using this knot for an anchor, it is always necessary to grab the running end with a grip to the main one. In this case, even with very strong traction, the fishing bayonet does not tighten and holds securely. It can be safely used in all cases when working with cables when they are subject to strong traction.

Back bayonet(Fig. 16). When mooring ships to piers and moorings, a situation often arises when it is very difficult to enclose the running end of the cable around a pole or log. Sometimes you have to literally crawl under the pier in order to thread the end through a log or eye from the bow of a boat or boat. By using a reverse bayonet, you can wrap the rope around the desired object once and at the same time tie a knot with two hoes around the object to which you are attaching the mooring line. To do this, the running end of the cable needs to be folded in half over a length of 2-3 meters and, looping it forward around the object, pull the loop towards you. Now the running end of the cable needs to be threaded into this loop, and the slack should be taken out at the root end and the knot should be finished with two half-bayonets. The reverse bayonet is convenient for use in cases where access to the object to which you want to attach the cable is difficult or inconvenient for tying a knot, for example, to a tow hook for some brands of cars.

Rice. 16. Reverse bayonet

Mast bayonet(Fig. 17). Here the original combination of two good knots produces a reliable and simple knot. First, a bleached knot is tied around the object to which the cable is attached (see Fig. 48) and an ordinary bayonet is made at the root end of the cable, which, as is known, is also a modified bleached knot. To prevent the mast bayonet from becoming too tight, the first knot is not fully tightened.

Rice. 17. Mast bayonet

Towing unit(Fig. 18). This unit is used to secure the cable to the towing hook or biting. They can delay or release the towing end. Thanks to the sequential application of several cable hoses on the bit, the towing end can be pulled from the bit, and when the tension of the tow is weakened, it can be pulled out again in the form of loops thrown over the top of the bit.

Rice. 18. Towing unit

Port hub(Fig. 19). Holding the synthetic mooring line on a pair of bollards is a simple matter. But what if, instead of a double bollard, you have a single bollard (or biting) at your disposal, and there is no light at the end of the mooring line? For this purpose, there are several original units in maritime practice. Let us explain the principle of one of them, which can be classified as non-tightening knots.

First, you need to make several hoses around the single bollard with the running end of the mooring cable. After this, fold the running end in half and in this form, in a loop, pass it under the tensioned root part of the cable, turn the loop 360 degrees and throw it on top of the bollard. This knot does not slip and holds securely. The cable can be released at any moment, even if the mooring line is under strong tension.

To do this, you need to slightly select the running end passing under the root end and enlarge the loop, after which it will not be difficult to throw it off the bollard.

Rice. 19. Port hub

Carbine units Rastorguev Mikhail

BAYONET KNOT

BAYONET KNOT

The working end of the rope is wrapped around a tree or relief ledge. Bring it over the root end, go around the root end and thread it into the resulting loop (Fig. 8). The working end is again carried over the main one, goes around the main one and is threaded into the second formed loop (Fig. 9), etc. Usually 2-3 hoses are made. (“The Queen of England’s yacht is moored on two hoists…”) Then it is advisable to secure the working end to the main end. When the root end is loaded, the knot will not tighten, and it will remain possible to untie it without removing the load from the root end.