If you decide to go into agriculture, namely the breeding of meat cattle, read my article, perhaps it will help you not to make the mistakes that I made at the beginning of my journey. I did not draw up any business plans, projects, did not draw diagrams, everything was built on its own in a free place as money appeared. To be honest, the work is very hard.

But, if you correctly build the process of fattening bulls, their maintenance, harvesting feed, you can manage the entire economy alone, and if you have a spouse, or able-bodied children, then even better. And do not listen to those who say that fattening bulls is not a profitable business, lazy people and couch experts say so. Of course, you won’t get super profits from such a livestock, but it’s quite possible to provide yourself with butter and sausage, fresh fruits in winter, and a good car.

There are three pillars on which a successful mini-farm should be built: start-up capital and a well-thought-out business plan, efficient and rational use of available land and maximum mechanization of all processes. When you come from afar, everything seems simple, but the closer you get, things that seemed simple before become overgrown with a bunch of nuances that need to be taken into account.

So, first things first. You need to start, as always, with drawing up a business plan based on your financial capabilities. This will help you understand whether you can manage the desired production volumes on your own, whether you will have to take out a loan or whether it is worth waiting another year and saving up some money. I still recommend starting small, at least in order to get the initial data for drawing up a business plan. In particular, to calculate how much feed is spent on one bull, what weight gain it gives, feed prices, and of course the final benefit from one head. To buy 50 bulls at once and feed for them, you need to be a millionaire. And you also need to build a cowshed, a hayloft, a grain warehouse, a summer paddock and other buildings, and this is not small money. The business plan and calculation of the profitability of a cattle farm is a separate article, read more here.

Now with regard to the direct selection of the site and the construction of buildings on it. It is best to organize a farm in the outskirts, not far from some kind of village, so that the neighbors sleep better and, in which case, there would be room to expand. However, there will also be difficulties with such a site, firstly, communications (gas, electricity, internet, water), and secondly, they can force them to issue a peasant farm, and these are taxes and excessive attention. You can organize a cattle farm on your own plot, 25 acres is enough for this. In many Russian villages, today you can buy a house with all communications, a large plot, developed rural infrastructure at a small distance from the city for quite sane money. Plots sometimes come across 50-90 acres, plus a residential building with gas heating, this option would be an ideal place for a home mini cattle farm.

After buying the land, you need to plan the site on paper, where which building will stand. You can also first draw a plan, and select a site according to it. On one bourgeois resource I found just such a diagram of a cattle farm:

In general, of course, everything is beautiful, a good, convenient, ergonomic plan, but you need to adapt it to the realities of farming in Russia. Here you can find abandoned Soviet farms, with silo pits and cowshed buildings still intact, but requiring complete interior decoration. And the scale of those farms is also not for our livestock. Therefore, I propose to build a farm from scratch.

So, what can we fix in this regard:

• We will remove the silo pits, they are useless for a small farm. Harvesting and preparing silage is a high-tech process, it requires appropriate equipment and experience, and a lot of time will be lost there.
• As for the hayloft, it needs to be built high, and more likely it will be the largest building in terms of area on our farm. The hayloft should have a good roof, and the walls should be sheathed with at least corrugated board or slate. We have a widespread practice of storing hay in the open, as a result of which water and snow get on it. The top layer of hay rots and becomes unusable, which is not good. Also, pulling out hay in winter from under a layer of snow does not give much pleasure. Therefore, it would be foolish to argue about the need for a sennik on a cattle farm.
• A granary and a feed preparation shop with a crusher and a feed mixer solve several tasks at once: forage storage and feed preparation. You need to build to such a height that the body of the dump truck under the roof can rise, because you won’t want any farm to carry grain in bags and buckets in the quantities that we have to master.
• It is not necessary to build a calf at the beginning, because it is just an additional barn. Of course, if you plan to get your own livestock in the future, then yes. In any case, you need to build a calf house according to the principle of the main barn.
• The main cowshed - what to build it from, what sizes, how to equip it inside is also the topic of a full-fledged separate article, read in detail here. In general, today many construction companies offer ready-made solutions in the form of trusses from frame and tent hangars, but all of them do not inspire confidence, and besides, they are quite expensive. I advise you to build according to your project, so that it is warm and comfortable.

Well, the last part is the maximum mechanization of work on the farm. This will help set up the work so that one person can handle everything. The most important issue on any livestock farm is manure removal. There are several ways to solve this problem: slatted floors and a self-propelled manure removal system, a manure removal system using conveyor belts, and the most straightforward - take more, throw further, rest while flying. In Soviet times, it was the conveyor belt with scrapers that was most often used in cowsheds, which automatically raked cow manure into a pit on the edge of the barn, from which another conveyor belt loaded the manure either into a tractor cart or into a barrel.

Another point, the availability of equipment on the farm, our livestock will not need much. Be sure to have a tractor on the farm, MTZ-80 or T-40 is enough. The tractor must be equipped with a front loader with a replaceable bucket and forks. You also need a cart that will be used to transport manure. In addition, you can purchase a mower and a baler for a tractor in order to harvest at least part of the hay yourself. It is also worth thinking about the presence of freight transport on the farm, ZIL or GAZ-53 is quite enough for a small farm.

Perhaps this is all that I would advise you to focus on when building a meat cattle farm. Since tethered, non-range keeping is planned, pasture rental and their improvement are not included here. However, having your own hayfields can significantly increase the profitability of fattening bulls.

• Project description
• Description of the enterprise
• Description of products and services
• marketing plan
• Calendar plan
• What equipment to choose
• • • • Similar business ideas:

We bring to your attention a typical business plan (feasibility study) for organizing a farm for the maintenance of cattle. This business plan can serve as an example for obtaining a bank loan, government support or attracting private investment. On the example of a farm in the Ulyanovsk region.

Business plan for organizing a farm for keeping cattle in a small village. On the example of a farm in the Ulyanovsk region.

Project description

The purpose of this project is to open a farm in the village. Ryazanovo. Our main areas of activity:

• rearing of young cattle with subsequent sale of meat to the population;
• production and sale of milk;
• production and sale of straw and hay.

To implement the project, it is planned to receive a subsidy in the amount of 1.5 million rubles as part of the state support program for beginning farmers, conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Ulyanovsk Region. It is also planned to allocate own funds in the amount of 509 thousand rubles for the implementation of the project. The total cost of the project is 2,009,000 rubles.

Economic indicators of the project implementation:

• Net profit per year \u003d 1,850,806 rubles;
• Farm profitability = 83%;
• Payback of the project = 13 months.

Social indicators of the project implementation:

1. Registration of a new business entity in the Melekessky district;
2. Creation of new jobs;
3. Receipt of additional tax payments to the budget of the Melekessky district.

Description of the enterprise

The organizational and legal form of our organization will be peasant farming(KFH). Ivanov I.I. will be the head of the KFH.

What taxation system to choose for a farm

As tax systems the single agricultural tax (UAT) will be applied. The tax rate is 6% of profit.

Location of the enterprise: Ulyanovsk region, Melekessky district, with. Ryazanovo.

Currently, practical activities have begun to implement the project:

1. The registration of a peasant farm with the Federal Tax Service was carried out;
2. There is an agreement with a large farm for the purchase of 50 heads of young cattle;
3. The KFH owns a building that contains 24 cattle, including 14 bulls and 10 dairy cows. It is also planned to build an additional facility with an area of ​​1400m2 to keep another 50 heads of cattle.

The management of the organization will consist of 1 person - the head of the KFH. The organization also plans to attract hired labor in the amount of 5 people.

Description of products and services

The planned sources of income of the enterprise are:

1. Sale of cattle meat to the population and processing enterprises;
2. Sale of milk to the population and processing enterprises;
3. Realization of hay and straw in bales to the population.

More than 52% of the farm's revenue will come from the sale of cattle meat.

Simmental calves will be purchased to grow beef cattle. This breed is distinguished by good meat productivity, by the age of 18 months the bull is gaining weight from 800 to 1000 kg.

Calves will be purchased at the age of 3 months at an average price of 15,000 rubles per head. It is better to acquire calves older and stronger. In this case, the risk of disease is reduced and, with proper feeding, calves gain weight very quickly.

In addition, the farm has 10 dairy cows, from which it is planned to receive and sell from 4500 liters per month. milk. It is also planned to receive an annual offspring of young cattle from adult cows, which will reduce the cost of acquiring calves from third-party organizations.

For efficient use of production areas, the farm will simultaneously contain about 70 heads of cattle.

The diet of young cattle and adult cows will include green fodder, root crops, corn, mixed fodder, barley, oats, straw, hay, etc. For the cultivation of one bull-calf per year, feed will be spent in the amount of about 20,000 rubles, for the maintenance of a dairy cow - about 10,000 rubles a year.

Straw and hay will be collected using a KUN 10 universal front loader with a load capacity of up to 500 kg. During the season (per year) it is planned to sell hay and straw for a total amount of 725 thousand rubles.

Download farming business plan

marketing plan

The main competitors will be similar agricultural producers. products of the Melekes region, personal subsidiary plots and larger agricultural production complexes.

It should be noted that today the demand for high-quality agricultural products remains at a high level. This suggests that there should be no problems with the sale of our products by our farm.

Sales of manufactured products are planned to be carried out in the following areas:

1. Sale of meat and milk to enterprises - processors of agriculture. products;
2. Sales of hay and straw to the population and other farms of the Melekessky district;
3. Sale of meat and milk to wholesale organizations;
4. Realization of meat and milk in the form of traveling trade, at fairs and retail markets.

How much can you earn from this business

Let's move on to calculating the potential annual income of the enterprise.

On average, one cow produces 20 liters of milk per day. The first 2 months, 10 liters of milk goes to feed the calves.

In the future, all milk goes to the sale. Considering that 2 months are allotted for calving, the planned volume of milk sales per year will be 5400 liters per cow:

1. 30 days*20 liters/day*8 months=4800 liters
2. 30 days*10 liters/day*2 months=600 liters

Accordingly, from 10 heads per year, you can get up to 54,000 liters of milk.

The wholesale price of milk is 24 rubles/l.

Meat

Bulls purchased at the age of 6 months, with proper nutrition and care for 1 year, will gain up to 450 kg of live weight. With a meat yield of 70%, about 315 kg of marketable meat is obtained from each bull.

The farm will sell about 13,000 kg of marketable meat per year. The wholesale price of beef meat is 170 rubles/kg.

hay and straw

During the season, the farm will produce and sell up to 10,000 bales of straw and 5,000 bales of hay. The selling price of 1 bale of straw is 35 rubles, a bale of hay is 75 rubles.

The total amount of proceeds from the sale of products for 12 months of work will be 4,231,200 rubles.

The main share in the company's revenue is the sale of cattle meat (52%).

Technology of growing feed and breeding livestock

The room for keeping cows and calves will be convenient for livestock maintenance, storage of feed and manure. A walking area will be located next to the premises. Based on the sanitary standards for keeping livestock of cattle, the height of the ceilings in the room will be at least 2.4 m. The floor will be built from well-fitted wooden boards. This floor is easy to use and creates good zoohygienic conditions.

Feeding troughs made of boards 600 mm high and up to 700 mm wide will be installed indoors to feed livestock, the length of the troughs is about one meter.

The window area of ​​the cattle housing will be one tenth of the floor area. The distance from the windows to the floor is 1.3 meters. This arrangement contributes to better penetration of sunlight into the premises for keeping livestock of cattle.

A cemented manure trench with a flat and smooth bottom, 10-12 cm deep and up to 30 cm wide, will be made into the room to drain urine. The stall for livestock will be spacious, with an area of ​​about 2.5 meters square meters. A cow produces about 10 tons of manure per year. Manure in the barn will be removed twice a day - in the morning and in the evening.

The planned staffing of the farm will include 5 people:

The duties of laborers will include feeding livestock, cleaning manure and other household tasks.

Also, some work processes will be performed by third parties under contracts for the provision of services for a fee:

1. Slaughter of livestock. For these purposes, an experienced miner will be involved;
2. Accounting services;
3. Supply of feed from agricultural producers.

The cost of these services will be about 100 thousand rubles a year.

Calendar plan

The list of events and their cost for starting a business are presented in the form of a calendar plan.

In total, it will take 136 days to open a farm and 2.0 million rubles will be spent.

How much money do you need to start this business

Let's proceed to the calculation of the main indicators of the economic efficiency of the economy.

The fixed costs of the organization are presented in the following table:

Total fixed costs of the enterprise per month will amount to 185,330 rubles.

The structure of the annual costs of the farm is presented in the form of a diagram:

The main costs of the farm are the cost of purchasing feed - 40% of the total costs per year. Next come the cost of paying wages to employees - 30% of total costs.

Net profit based on the results of annual sales of products will amount to 1,850,806 rubles. The profitability of the farm is 83.0%. With such business plan indicators, the farm project will pay off in 13 months.

Our organization will make tax deductions to various levels of the budget of the Ulyanovsk region up to 206,234 rubles a year.

Recommended download farming business plan, from our partners, with a guarantee of quality. This is a complete, ready-made project that you will not find in the public domain. The content of the business plan: 1. Confidentiality 2. Summary 3. Stages of project implementation 4. Characteristics of the object 5. Marketing plan 6. Technical and economic data of the equipment 7. Financial plan 8. Risk assessment 9. Financial and economic justification of investments 10. Conclusions

Step-by-step opening plan, where to start

It is worth noting that serious investments are required to start a business. Nevertheless, a competent construction of activities will make it possible to recoup the invested costs in a relatively short time and reach a stable plus. To begin with, it is necessary to draw up an organizational plan and determine the main areas of activity, among which may be:

• Growing grain crops, vegetables, herbs, berries and fruits.
• Breeding pigs, cows, rabbits, bees, birds or fish.

In addition, additional activities are possible, for example, the production of frozen fruits, stew, flour, etc. After determining the main directions and calculating the preliminary costs, it is worthwhile to deal with the execution of a contract for the lease of the territory, the improvement of premises / reservoirs, as well as the purchase of the necessary equipment. At the same stage, you can begin the selection of personnel who will serve the farm. You will definitely need to register your farm and obtain all the necessary permits to conduct activities. The final stage will be the adjustment of work with the sales market.

What equipment to choose

Any farm can not do without machinery and auxiliary equipment. His choice depends specifically on the type of farm and what you are going to breed or grow on it. For beekeeping, hives, refrigerators, rooms for wintering bees, as well as overalls will be mandatory. A cattle farm will require breast pumps, as well as tractors, combines and other agricultural equipment, along with attachments for mowing grass, etc. In the case of growing vegetables or cereals, you will need equipment for watering and harvesting. The fish business will require filters, compressors and pumps.

Which OKVED to indicate when registering a business

When registering a business, you must specify OKVED codes, according to the type of your farm. For example, if you have a cattle breeding farm, then OKVED code 01.21 - Breeding of cattle is suitable. For a fish farm - OKVED 2.03. Fishing and fish farming, and for beekeeping - OKVED - 01.25.1.

What documents are needed to open

The implementation of a business and the sale of products is possible only after the registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC (Find out What documents are needed to register an LLC). In the second case, you will be able to implement partnership agreements with legal entities. To register an individual entrepreneur, you will need: a copy of your passport, IND code, an application indicating OKVED codes and a receipt for payment of the state fee.

Do I need permission to open

To open your farm, you may need permission from the fire department and the epidemiological station, as well as the territorial property management. In the case of concluding an agreement on the lease of a territory for the placement of a farm, the permission of the fire inspection is not required, and all obligations are automatically assigned to the landlord. Do you want to earn without leaving home? If yes, then see the offer 50 ways to make money online.

Currently, the breeding of cattle for the purpose of making a profit is distributed in three areas - dairy, meat and dairy-meat. These are natural food products that are in demand. To start such a business, you need to equip the premises, select the necessary breeds of animals, determine distribution channels, and select employees. And this is only a small part of all cases. Let's take a closer look at all stages of activity, as well as the pros and cons of each of the three areas.

Registration and start of activity

The first step is to monitor the market. You need to understand whether it really makes sense to start a business. At this stage, the possibilities and needs of the region are clarified. Be sure to study the presence of future competitors and, if possible, they should be distant. Points of sale can be small trading places, meat processing plants and dairies. They are considered both local and in nearby settlements. If everything is in order with this, it is necessary to issue the status of an individual entrepreneur. Despite the fact that the business starts its journey from home, everything must be legal. This means compliance with formalities and mandatory documentation. To reduce taxation, IP is issued under the code "livestock".

It will also be a plus to establish contacts with persons who will interact with the future farm - veterinarians. Their activities are no less important, because these are the necessary certificates, vaccinations and much more.

It is necessary to decide in which direction the work will be organized. This can be breeding bulls for meat at home or keeping cows for dairy products, as well as combined, that is, the sale of both meat and milk. Some farmers are in the business of raising and trading calves, which is also profitable.

Site selection

The area for breeding cattle should be selected very carefully. It is necessary to choose the appropriate size and conditions for the livestock. If the site is small relative to the number of heads, then there is a risk of rapid contamination. At this stage, the size of the herd is determined. In general, the entire plan of the farm is established, which should include a cowshed, pasture, various utility rooms and sheds, warehouses for feed.

Breeding cows at home as a business implies that the future farmer has a piece of land. If not, then you can rent some empty territories and premises. It is also possible to start construction on land from scratch, if financial possibilities allow.

The territory of the paddock for cattle is determined at the rate of 10 sq.m. for one head. If there is grazing on a pasture, then in this case, about 1 ha of land will be needed for one cow. It should be noted that you need to stock up on hay for the winter, and this is another plus one hectare. For all structures on the territory of the future farm, at least 200 square meters will be required. m.

It is good when there are enterprises nearby that are engaged in the cultivation and marketing of crops and root crops. This is necessary to provide cows with quality products in terms of additional nutrition.

Cowshed and equipment

To breed cows as a business, you need to understand all the subtleties and start with a small number of heads, which do not require large areas. You can always, if necessary, buy more cattle and complete the building. The best option is 10 goals. If there is a building that was a barn in the past, then this is ideal. For beginners, building from scratch will be difficult both physically and in terms of collecting documentation. It is best to rent a room and make a suitable repair there.

It is necessary to prepare the barn in accordance with sanitary standards. This means that there are special requirements, which include the presence of a wooden floor with straw bedding, a ceiling height of 2.4 m, feeders, drinkers, walls that are insulated with bundles of straw, as well as ventilation.

On the farm, future farmers definitely need to stock up on various equipment - these are shovels, pitchforks, buckets, overalls, containers, scales. In the process, you need to purchase a car designed to deliver products. It will be a plus to purchase a mini-tractor, with the help of which hay will be harvested, manure cleaned and various other household chores.

Arrangement of the premises

It is possible to breed and raise calves and care for cows in separate boxes, in rooms with thick bedding, or in a room without a leash, but with flooring for relaxation. If we take the presence of ten heads of cattle as a basis, then an acceptable building will be 34 by 6 meters in size. For one cow, you need to allocate 2 square meters. m. When there are not many animals, stalls are built for them.

The technique of breeding cattle involves the obligatory cleaning of the barn from contamination. Often structures are built with a special slurry tank and a manure room. In a simpler version, you just need to change the soiled straw bedding for a clean one. It is either disposed of on personal property or sold as fertilizer.

There should be enough windows in the room, as well as doors for cleaning the boxes from manure. When breeding dairy cows, you need to think about acquiring a milking system and a regular water supply. Feeding troughs fit different ones - from collective to personal. You can also equip them with a food supply system.

Acquisition of animals

To start breeding cows as a business, you need to find a suitable farm that sells calves. It must be a reliable supplier that will provide healthy individuals. The best period for such an acquisition is the end of winter or the beginning of spring. The payback of the business depends on the types of purchased animals. It can be purebred bulls and cows, or half-breeds. There are special nurseries that monitor the purity of the breed. Such cows are able to give good milk yields and gain significant weight. The output is only high-quality products.

Starting a business from scratch, it is best to form a small herd. In this case, you can buy young animals from households. However, novice farmers very often acquire adult cows, but not old ones. When drawing up a business plan for breeding cattle, it is advisable to work out both options and choose the most profitable one. It must be remembered that the first option with young animals is rather troublesome and risky.

In addition to the fact that the calf needs some care, it is not clear what kind of adult it will grow up to and whether it will live up to expectations. When purchasing a bull-calf, which is not yet a month old, it is necessary to feed it with milk. Up to 10 liters are required per day. If there is no dairy cow in the property, then these are financial costs. The purchase of dry mixes and other related products is also an investment, and the animal may not gain the required weight. It is better to buy a calf at the age of one month and above.

In the second option, you can also make a mistake, because they can sell an old cow. If a dairy farm is planned, then it must be taken responsibly, since the cow gives maximum milk yield in the period from 3 to 13 years.

Milk farm

So, when it is decided at the initial stage of building a business that the farm must operate to obtain milk and dairy products, it is necessary to acquire good cows. This technique of breeding cattle is quite within the power of a beginner.

Selecting the required number of cows for milk, you need to choose thoroughbred highly productive individuals. The presence of such heads is at Russian breeding plants. Most popular:

• black-and-white is considered very common and occupies almost 50% of the total dairy population. She is able to produce approximately 5500-5800 kg of milk per year;
• the Holstein breed was bred in the 1970s and 80s and for one milking it turns out from 30 kg of milk, and per year, on average, 7400 kg;
• Kholmogory is considered an old breed and is capable of producing up to 8000 kg of milk per year with good feeding. But the average can be considered 4000-6000 kg.

If a novice farmer purchases animals from a breeder, he must be provided with documents and veterinary certificates.

When choosing a cow suitable for milking, you need to pay attention to the structure and shape of the animal. As mentioned above, age matters. The older the animal, the less milk it will produce. The number of years is determined by the horns. They count the number of roller lines and add two more years to this figure. Thus, the exact age is obtained.

The number of calving also affects productivity. The highest milk yields occur after the third birth. It is best for business to purchase cows after the first calving.

Animals for meat

Breeding bulls and cows for meat is no less profitable business. Meat cattle should be prone to rapid weight gain, have product suitability, female individuals are able to calve every year.

When choosing animals and breeding them, the breed is of great importance. Especially important is the time during which the calf can gain the desired weight. Even different types of animals can differ in the taste of meat. Fast-growing meat breeds include Charolais, Kazakh white-headed, Simmental, Hereford. The purchase of newborn calves is the cheapest, but it is burdensome in terms of feeding. The best way to breed bulls at home is to buy individuals that can eat food and grass.

Of course, every newcomer to the farming business is interested to know why the above breeds of cattle are bred for meat. Almost all of them have a low percentage of product salting. This means that the fat content of such meat will be minimal. However, the increase in mass is rather short-lived. If we consider the Hereford breed, then it has a rather calm temperament and excellent taste. The Kazakh white-headed and Charolais can easily endure the local climate and temperature fluctuations. In this regard, they are very hardy. If the Simmental cow is both dairy and meat, then the Kazakh white-headed milk productivity is quite low.

Breeding bulls for meat as a business requires quality maintenance and care. In the warm season, they need daily walking. It is not recommended to constantly keep such individuals in the stall, although in this way they gain weight very quickly. This method makes them aggressive and contributes to various diseases.

The arrangement of the pen involves expenses for a novice farmer. Accordingly, he must equip the right place for walking, which must be constantly kept clean. With this method, the beef is of very good quality. If the number of heads is quite impressive, then most likely you will need housekeepers. The item on recruitment and wages for it should be considered at the initial stage and when building a business plan.

If, nevertheless, the method of keeping bulls on a leash is chosen, then you need to take care of high-quality equipment, as they can be aggressive. In the stall, individuals should be well fixed. On the other hand, this method allows you to assess the condition of the animal, make various measurements, veterinary examinations.

Breeding bulls as a business for the production of meat products in a paddock is less expensive than stall keeping. One of the reasons for this conclusion is that much fewer employees are needed to work.

Combined breeding method

For business, such universal breeds as Simmental, Lebedinskaya, Swiss, Red Gorbatovskaya, Kostroma are suitable. All of them are able to achieve a large body weight, and females give milk yield on average from 3000 to 5000 kg per year. For slaughter, almost every breed is able to give out from 50% of the weight. The growth of calves is quite active and by six months they weigh quite impressively.

All listed living creatures have high rates of taste of meat and dairy products. For a successful business, this is a clear plus.

Sales of products

This is an equally important step in the business. Having decided what kind of product should be the output - meat or milk - the farmer needs to sell it.

If the farm is aimed at breeding and growing meat heads, then after acquiring the young, the meat will be in about a year. Dairy cows give milk all the time, except during calving. You can also supply related products. These are skins, milk (cheese, butter, kefir, sour cream), semi-finished meat products. At the beginning of the article, it was also mentioned about such a direction as the sale of young animals. With the ability to organize the rearing of calves, this can be an additional profit.

Any of the goods, be it milk or meat, can be sold wholesale or retail. Many processing plants often cooperate with farms. It is also possible to conclude an agreement with catering points and shops. Guided by the main advantage - environmental friendliness of products - it is necessary to establish high-quality sales of products.

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Long-term experience shows that cattle breeding will be effective if it is correct, taking into account climatic conditions, to choose the breed of animals and organize good care. Otherwise, productivity is significantly reduced, the development of young animals is delayed, and its production function is disrupted.

Where to begin

Today, cattle breeding is a promising occupation, especially for rural areas. First of all, you need to clearly define the task: obtaining milk, meat or young animals for the purpose of subsequent sale.

When making a choice, be sure to pay attention to certain features of each type:

• sufficient intensity of growth;
• reproductive ability;
• ease of acclimatization;
• high milk yield is an important indicator for dairy breeds;
• final weight.

The next step is to find a place for the future farm and start building it after obtaining all the relevant permits. Alternatively, you can rent a territory with abandoned buildings, which, after restoration and completion with the necessary equipment, will become usable.

For a large enterprise, equipment will be required:

• special heaters;
• feed supply devices;
• dispensers and milking machines;
• manure removal equipment.

In order for everything to function properly, you should take care of the communications in advance: electricity, heating, water supply and sewerage systems. The optimal size of the room is selected depending on the planned number of animals..

In case there is no veterinarian nearby, the owner of the farm should always have an ambulance kit with the most necessary drugs and tools at hand.

After establishing the production process, it is necessary to determine possible options for marketing products: the nearest processing plants, restaurants, shops, and the market.

Important! For the effective organization of production, it is very important to have a powerful forage base. A good weight gain is facilitated by seasonal grazing in a meadow with a sufficient amount of grass and the use of feed additives: mixed fodder, beets, cake, cereals, silage. It is equally important to ensure the timely delivery and supply of fresh water.

How to choose the right breed

The positive result of the conceived enterprise directly depends on how competently all the nuances are calculated: the purchase of animals, their maintenance, catering, recruitment, registration of permits.

Today there are many breeds of livestock, the main task is to choose the most suitable option:

1. distributed throughout the world. Perfectly acclimatizes in any conditions. It has a red color with white spots. It grows fast and has good reproductive ability. In a year and a half reaches optimal development.
2. the breed was bred in Scotland, suitable for breeding in many countries, including the Russian Federation. Well acclimatized in various geographical zones. Differs in a compact physique and precocity.
3. Charolais grows intensively for two years. Has a light color: from white to yellow. Endowed with a well-formed strong body, a pronounced meat type.
4. The Limousin breed has a red color. Animals are hardy, unpretentious in care, have high fertility.
5. The Salers breed is easy to keep. They gained popularity due to their unique fertility - each cow annually brings a calf. Universal - used for the production of meat and milk. Perfectly adapts to difficult climatic conditions.
6. distinguished by a red suit, sometimes with white marks. It quickly gains weight and retains it, despite a period of drought or a long winter. Widely distributed throughout the Russian Federation.
7. breed. In summer, the animal has a short, smooth coat, which grows strongly by winter, becoming a thick, sometimes curly coat. Gaining weight quickly.
8. - The most common meat in the world is a dairy breed. From this species, not only high-quality beef is obtained, but also raw materials for the production of leather. Maintenance is cost-effective - profitability reaches 95%.

Whatever type of animal is chosen, productivity will depend on properly organized conditions of keeping: a warm (not lower than 17 ° C), draft-free room, equipping each stall with a feeder with a sufficient amount of quality feed and a drinker with fresh water, manure is cleaned daily, which will ensure compliance with sanitary standards.

Animal weight gain should be determined monthly, using large scales or modern devices that are highly accurate.

Production features

Animal husbandry has never lost its relevance, and today, with the advent of food products of dubious quality, it is becoming especially popular. Breeding cattle is painstaking work that requires financial investments, patience and organizational skills. For full operation, you will need a staff of:

• competent leader;
• milkmaids are needed on dairy farms;
• a veterinarian who will vaccinate, assist in childbirth and treat various diseases;
• a full-time butcher is useful only on a large farm.

For a large enterprise, an appropriate solution would be to purchase a vehicle for transporting products.

You need to buy young animals in the presence of an experienced breeder or veterinarian. After all, only a specialist can judge the health of livestock by their eyes, teeth, gait and other indicators.

In the successful implementation of the project, an important role is played by the climatic conditions of the region in which cattle breeding will be carried out. It is important to remember that the main goal of any enterprise is the use of technologies that allow you to get the maximum result at the minimum financial cost. Any novice or experienced cattle breeder has the right to choose the most suitable method for himself.

To organize your own livestock business, a well-calculated farm business plan is of great importance. Of particular interest are the meat and dairy areas. At the same time, you can organize a small family business, in which there will be only about a dozen cows, or plan to organize a farm for 100 head of cattle or more. In both cases, you need to start with a clear thoughtful action for each specific project.

The Importance of Planning a Custom Business

Before opening any business, you need to think carefully about everything. At the planning stage, it is important to determine the priority tasks on which the success of the private economy directly depends. Creating a business plan for a farm should begin with determining the general direction, the format of a particular production.

Based on these indicators, it is necessary to study the market, pricing policy, possible competition, and establish preliminary contacts with potential buyers of manufactured products.

Among them, contacts with meat processing enterprises, dairies and leather dressing companies deserve special attention.

Having decided on the direction of activity, it is important to make calculations of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe optimal territory for running a particular farm, equipment and building materials.

How to start your business in the countryside

Before organizing a livestock farm, it is important to assess your capabilities and the seriousness of your aspirations. In addition, you need to carefully consider the necessary equipment, calculate a detailed business plan for breeding cattle, which includes financial costs, payback time, and profit levels. It will be useful and necessary to study the basics of the production of meat, dairy products, and the technology of raising cattle. Only relying on proven knowledge, you can properly organize an effective business.

From the very beginning, the following steps should be taken:

• choose the right place for the construction of a barn;
• explore the possibilities of renting ready-made premises;
• purchase the necessary equipment;
• ensure that the temperature inside the wintering premises is not lower than 12 degrees Celsius;
• take care of the availability of the nearest summer pastures for livestock;
• form a productive herd;
• it is better to start with a small farm with a maximum of 50 heads, and then expand the scale of the business;
• a small dairy with a packaging line will become an important part of the dairy farm, the business plan of which is focused on the processing of its own products.

Actions and means to start your own livestock business

To start a business, you can rent a ready-made cowshed and the surrounding land. This will require some start-up capital. The state program of concessional lending can help a novice entrepreneur in organizing a farm for 50 heads of cattle.

After that, you should register entrepreneurship as a legal entity, open personal accounts to pay for communications. Before the cowsheds start working, it is necessary to pass an inspection by firefighters, the sanitary and epidemiological service, and veterinarians.

The economic activity of any enterprise is related to accounting, therefore, a livestock complex with a business development plan requires the work of a qualified accountant. In addition, an efficient farm, which seeks to expand sales markets, provides constant veterinary control. This facilitates the sale of meat and dairy products.

Productive production is impossible without the right technology. You will need a tractor with interchangeable attachments, cars that will deliver the products of the cattle farm to the points of sale. In addition, it is impossible to do without a sufficient number of agricultural tools, cans, milking machines.

Company registration, livestock breeding technology

It is necessary to register "LLC" or "IP" depending on the planned production volumes of meat and dairy products. To do this, an individual entrepreneur will need a photocopy of the passport, an identification code, an application certified by a notary, a receipt for payment of the state duty. In addition, you must provide the required OKVED codes ( 01.2 - animal husbandry).

After deciding to raise cattle, it is important to choose the most beneficial form of taxation. At the moment, you can work according to a simplified scheme (STS - 6% of gross income).

A successful business plan for cattle, which forms the basis of an individual farm, is better to focus on dairy and meat products at the same time. It should be borne in mind that each of these areas has its own unique features. Before opening a dairy farm, the best solution would be to establish cooperation with the nearest dairies. This will help ensure a constant supply of fresh produce. Over time, in order to expand the business, in addition to the dairy and meat areas, it is possible to develop the production of hides and wool in parallel.

The specifics of growing cattle for meat

Before registering a livestock business, you need to study the characteristics of the market in a particular region, the average prices for meat and milk. It is important to calculate the necessary costs. After that, based on the information received, you can try to predict the income of a particular farm.

Raising cattle for meat has its own specifics. It should be borne in mind that the organization of cutting carcasses and the manufacture of semi-finished products require obtaining permits from the sanitary and epidemiological service, the veterinary service, Rospotrebnadzor, and the state fire supervision.

On the other hand, it is not necessary to provide such papers to open a farm focused on the sale of bulls, cows, calves in live weight. Although this is an easier way to start a business, it is less profitable. Thus, when opening your own livestock business, it is important to take into account all the nuances.

Planning the profitability of the dairy business

The plan for breeding dairy cows also needs to be tied to profitability. The income from this business is determined by such factors as the productivity of the whole herd, production costs, milk purchase prices.

A business plan for a dairy farm can only be built taking into account specific data. For example, the profitability of this type of farm for 50 animals can be calculated according to the following scheme.

The average cow produces 5,000 liters of milk per year. Thus, from a whole herd, under favorable conditions, 250,000 liters can be expected. The wholesale price is within 20 rubles per liter.

To increase economic efficiency, it is possible to equip a processing plant, which will increase the added value of products by 40-50%. In this case, about 6,250,000 rubles will be obtained per year. By subtracting the necessary current expenses from this amount, you can get the value of net profit for the year and month, as well as calculate the payback time. For this, the investment amount is divided by the monthly profit.

You can learn more about the planning of two livestock breeding areas in the articles and.

Rent, repair, wages of workers

The calculated costs for rent, disinfection and repair of production, office, utility rooms are a mandatory expenditure part of the enterprise's budget. A large-scale business requires a full staff, but a small farm will require the hiring of certain people.