Japanese porcelain The presentation was prepared by Ksenia Savina, an 11th grade student at the Ivanovo Secondary School Interest in this area of ​​Japanese decorative art is extremely great. Fundamental monographs and numerous articles are devoted to it, covering various aspects of the history, production, typology and aesthetics of Japanese porcelain. Despite all this, many questions still remain without reasoned answers, so the study process continues actively. In Japan, excavations of old kilns and searches for documentation are underway; outside the country, exhibitions of works from museum storage facilities and private collections scattered around the world are being organized. The latter is especially important, since a number of types of products from the 17th–19th centuries. intended for export and is practically absent at home. Interest in porcelain developed in Japan during the Muromachi period (1333–1573), when trade with China resumed. In turn, throughout the 14th century, a technological base was created in Japan to begin porcelain production. Under the influence of Zen aesthetics, the canon of the wabi-sabi tea ceremony was formed, in which ceramics played a huge role. As a result, by the beginning of the 17th century, many kilns producing ceramic products were operating in the country. The intensity of production growth was largely ensured by the activities of Korean craftsmen who were forcibly exported to Japan during the Korean military campaigns of Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1516–1598), undertaken in the last decade of the 16th century. It was these potters who were destined to become the creators of the first examples of porcelain products in Japan and mentors of Japanese ceramists. The small town of Arita in Hizen Province (now Saga Prefecture), located in the north of the island of Kyushu, is considered the birthplace of Japanese porcelain. The main flow of goods from China and Korea, including porcelain, came here to Nagasaki through the port of Hirado. Surrounded by picturesque mountains, the valley, in the center of which was Arita, was distinguished by unusually favorable natural conditions for pottery production and especially porcelain: deposits of suitable clay. Since the early Middle Ages, ceramic centers founded by immigrants from China and Korea were concentrated in these areas of the island of Kyushu. Of course, attempts to obtain porcelain dough and reproduce Chinese models were made in different regions of the country, where there were local ceramic workshops, but scientists agree that the first successful results were achieved exclusively in Arita. At the end of the 18th century, a boom in porcelain production began in Japan. New kilns are springing up not only in Kyushu, but throughout the country: in Kyoto, Seto, Tobe, and Awaji Island. The imperial capital of Kyoto - the place of concentration of traditional artistic crafts, the “citadel of Japanese ceramics” - did not respond to new trends for a long time. The Chajins (masters of the cha-no-yu tea ceremony), who formed the aesthetic principles of decorative and applied art in the 16th–17th centuries, rejected porcelain, considering it to be an export product, a phenomenon that did not correspond to the Japanese artistic tradition. The philosophical meaning embodied in the aesthetic qualities of all cha-no-yu accessories and the lush decorativeness of Imari porcelain contradicted each other. A turning point emerged at the end of the 18th century in connection with a revaluation of the aesthetic capabilities of porcelain and was associated with the work of famous Japanese artists, richly gifted and versatile individuals who turned to the decorative arts, in particular porcelain. The end of the 18th century in Kyoto ceramics is marked by the work of Okuda Eisen (d. 1811), who first introduced the production of porcelain into the practice of Kyoto ceramic workshops, as well as his students and followers - Aoki Mokubei (1767–1833), Eiraku Hozan (1795–1854) , Ninami Dohati (1783–1855), etc. In Kyoto porcelain of the second half of the 17th - first half of the 19th centuries, one of the trends was associated with the growing popularity of tea ceremonies in the Chinese style - sencha (tea ceremony using loose leaf tea instead of powder). An expert on sencha was Aoki Mokubei (1767–1833), a famous painter of the Nanga school. Mokubei was one of the most educated people of his time, had wide connections and popularity among cultural figures - he was one of the intellectual artists, studied Chinese painting and ceramics. Among painters and sencha lovers, he was known as an expert on Chinese culture. It is known that he translated Chinese treatises on porcelain and ceramics, and also copied drawings from Chinese albums. Having settled at the ceramic workshops of Awata, Mokubei experimented a lot and reproduced different kinds porcelain and ceramic products from China. From the Chinese, Mokubei learned the technology of molding vases according to a template, thereby achieving precision and correctness of shapes. He was one of the first to use relief designs. Most of the work was done for the tea ceremony. This is a hexagonal water vessel (mizusashi). The simple monumental form of the vessel is matched by a series of relief panels with large images of Buddhist characters and plants. Enamels only partially fill the surface, highlighting with color the silhouettes of figures placed on a gray-sand biscuit. The space between the peculiar cartouches is filled with red (iron) paint with a gold brocade pattern applied over it. An unexpected effect when removing the black lacquer cover is created by the loose blue painting on the white crackled glaze - nine dragons are written along the edge of the side. A drawing, contrasting in color and manner of writing, hidden inside the vessel is a favorite technique of Japanese masters of decorative art. On the unglazed base is carved the inscription: “By the highest order, Teikeizan-gama reverently created Kokikan in the oven.” (Kokikan is one of the pseudonyms of Aoki Mokubei). Japanese porcelain products are distinguished by a variety of shapes and decorative styles, as well as a wide range of ornamentation techniques. In general, they provide a picture that is unique in its originality, which equally reflects the direct influence of Chinese classical examples and their creative interpretation, motifs typical of the entire Far Eastern area and a specific image system determined by the peculiarities of national aesthetics. http://xallyava.ru/images/Farfor/Yaran_Farfor/1a219248b01c74d9d0431e78a9dd28fa.jpg http://www.vam.ac.uk/__data/assets/image/0006/185514/2008bt2814_kakaimon_bowl.jp http://magazynpodarkov.ru/admin/pictures/95320b.jpg http://www.natiwa.ru/articles/japan/img/porcelain_03.jpg http://www.natiwa.ru/articles/japan/img/porcelain_06.jpg https://akseasons.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/tea01.jpg http://f1.mylove.ru/dzzZvDnekG.jpg http://cs621420.vk.me/v621420314/1dd83/4M26HxscChM.jpg http://teakarta.rf/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/2532042.jpg http://dalinfotour.ru/uploads/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D1% 87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD %D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg

Description of the presentation individual slides:

1 slide

Slide description:

2 slide

Slide description:

The appearance of porcelain in China The first ceramic products appeared in China 10-11 thousand years ago. Scientists believe that in ancient times, ceramics production was mainly done by women. The oldest known method of making ceramics was as follows: clay was rolled into long sausages, which were wrapped in a spiral around a stone or ceramic mold, starting from the bottom of the vessel and ending with the neck. Another ancient method of making pottery was discovered several years ago in Gansu Province.

3 slide

Slide description:

The history of oriental porcelain However, let us return to the history of oriental porcelain, which is famous to this day. Since the 15th century major center porcelain production for the needs of the imperial court and for export becomes the Chinese city of Jingdezhen. During the Ming and Qing eras (1368-1911), old masters created many outstanding products, including almost weightless utensils comparable in their grace and fragility to eggshells. Beginning with the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD), Chinese ceramics and porcelain began to be exported in large quantities to Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, Africa and continental Europe. In the 16th century, thanks to Portuguese sailors a large number of Chinese products reach Europe.

4 slide

Slide description:

History of porcelain Originating for the first time in China, porcelain production was strictly classified there. However, porcelain attracted Europeans and aroused in them a natural desire to unravel the “Chinese secret” and establish a porcelain business in Europe. Russia did not lag behind in this espionage activity - for a large sum of money they managed to bribe one Chinese master, who revealed the secret of porcelain to the Siberian industrialist Kursin. However, the cunning Chinese hid something from Kursin, because... the latter was never able to obtain porcelain, although he carried out experiments in its production.

5 slide

Slide description:

Porcelain production in Russia Attempts to organize the production of porcelain or earthenware in Russia began under Peter the Great, a great connoisseur of it. On the instructions of Peter 1, Russian foreign agent Yuri Kologrivy tried to find out the secret of porcelain production in Meissen, but the result was disastrous - he failed. Despite this, in 1724 the Russian merchant Grebenshchikov founded a faience factory in Moscow at his own expense; Experiments on the production of porcelain were also carried out on it, but they were not properly developed. The seemingly proven method of developing science and art in Rus' - inviting foreign specialists - also failed. After all the previously mentioned failures, there was only one way left, the most difficult and long, but the only reliable one: to organize search systematic scientific and technological work, which as a result should have led to the development of porcelain production technology. This required a person with significant training, sufficient technical initiative and ingenuity. This turned out to be Dmitry Ivanovich Vinogradov, a native of the city of Suzdal.

6 slide

Slide description:

Chinese porcelain For a long time, along with the production of silk, porcelain remained one of the most forbidden and desired mysteries of the East for Western rulers. Trying to solve it is akin to a real detective story, because whoever dared to do this in China faced only one sentence - death. Missionary, Father D. Entrecoll, who visited in the 17th century. China, with the special goal of finding out the secrets of porcelain production, managed to obtain only the most basic information, which could not in any way serve as the basis for setting up a new production. We can only guess how many such examples are hidden behind the layers of past years. The secret was apparently found out in the end, but the name of the hero remains unknown to this day.

7 slide

Slide description:

Porcelain Porcelain is a type of ceramic that is impervious to water and gas. Translucent in a thin layer. When lightly struck with a wooden stick, it produces a characteristic high-pitched clear sound (depending on the shape and thickness of the product, the tone can be different! Porcelain has high mechanical strength, chemical and thermal resistance, electrical insulating properties and is used for the manufacture of high-quality tableware, artistic, decorative and sanitary technical products, electrical and radio engineering parts, corrosion-resistant chemical technology devices, low-frequency insulators, etc.

8 slide

Slide description:

Methods of decorating porcelain Porcelain today is painted in several ways: underglaze painting and intraglaze painting of porcelain with high-temperature firing and overglaze painting with low-temperature firing of porcelain. When painting porcelain underglaze, paints are applied directly to bisque porcelain. The porcelain piece is then coated with a transparent glaze. Overglaze painting of porcelain with high-temperature and low-temperature firing involves the application of paints

Slide 9

Slide description:

Porcelain painting Based on the method of applying the design, porcelain is divided into hand-painted (or, as it is also called, manufactured) and decal porcelain. A decal is something like decals. They, of course, also have their own varieties, but such detailed information may only be of interest to specialists. Manufacture porcelain is always hand-painted. It has existed since the 14th century, and nowadays it is made exclusively to order. This dishware is by no means for daily use, and in our country it has only just begun to reappear. The price of such a service is comparable to the price of a Rolls-Royce.

10 slide

Slide description:

Collectible dolls Alberon The Alberon company was founded in 1977 and is recognized as the leading British brand of porcelain dolls. The Alberon company offers you a wide variety of dolls to satisfy the most diverse tastes of customers. Currently, Alberon dolls are sold in many countries around the world. Each Alberon doll is a masterful work, created from the highest quality materials...refined and life-like porcelain, layers of rich and elegant fabric, by the hands of professional designers and artists.

Slide 1

Regional state autonomous educational institution additional vocational education"Belgorod Institute for Educational Development"
Decorative and applied arts. Technique “Cold porcelain” (master class) Performed by: Brusenskaya Elena Timofeevna technology teacher MBOU Secondary School No. 7, Belgorod Belgorod 2015

Slide 2

“...Don’t forbid yourself to create, Let it sometimes come out crooked - Your ridiculous motives No one can repeat... Don’t say that you can’t: You won’t regret anything - May there be nothing to regret!” M. Tsvetaeva

Slide 3

Goal, hypothesis, project objectives
Goal: to create a floral interior decoration. The hypothesis is based on the fact that floristry - interior design using floral arrangements, is based on ancient traditions and, at the same time, conceals a huge creative potential for designers creating modern jewelry. Objectives: Assess your capabilities in creative activities. Develop a project, i.e. carry out a product from the inception of an idea to real results. Put cooking into practice. Evaluate the work done.

Slide 4

From the history of cold porcelain
At the beginning of the last century, a mixture of corn starch, oil and glycerin was invented in Argentina, which was used for artistic modeling. This mixture was named - “ cold porcelain" “Cold porcelain” today is a convenient and very cheap material for modeling. Due to its very smooth and uniform texture and remarkable plasticity, it is very convenient to use. Another advantage of “cold porcelain” is that not only adults, but also children can work with it because it is absolutely harmless. When hardened, “cold porcelain” hardens and lends itself perfectly to painting; you can also add paints during the process of preparing the mixture.

Slide 5

Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia:
Ceramic floristry is the art of creating flowers and floral compositions using special equipment self made and special polymer clays. This is a fairly young art form that appeared in Japan about 20 years ago. Ceramic floristry is a new art direction in which work with form, color and composition is intertwined into one unique bouquet. Each flower is a real work of art, where each petal and each stamen is sculpted and painted by hand, which makes each bouquet completely unique. The term “ceramic floristry” was first introduced in Russia in 2004. At the same time, many masters trained and brought their knowledge to Russia from Thailand. The sculpting techniques and materials used in the work are very different. But, in essence, the result is identical - flower arrangements that are fantastic in beauty and naturalness. In various online communities you can even come across disputes between representatives of different schools.

Slide 6

Tools for working with cold porcelain
rolling pin or bottle of cold water; stacks; scissors; wire cutters; tweezers; boats; molds

Slide 7

Materials
PVA glue is an emulsion of polyvinyl acetate in water, with a plasticizer and special additives. Used for gluing various materials. Starch is a food product, white granular powder under a microscope, insoluble in cold water, swells in hot water and forms a colloidal solution (starch paste). Citric acid is a white crystalline substance, melting point 153 °C, highly soluble in water. Cream - a cosmetic product for skin care in the form of an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion

Slide 8

Homemade cold porcelain recipe
Starch - glass; PVA glue - glass; citric acid - teaspoon; glycerin and petroleum jelly, a tablespoon each.

Slide 9

Mix the mixture thoroughly and place in the microwave oven for 1 minute. Remove and knead again. We repeat the whole process three times. After this, knead for 5 - 10 minutes and place our porcelain in an airtight container.

Slide 10

Tips for working with cold porcelain:
After drying, the product dries out by 20-30%. You need to cook the mass in glass or Teflon containers, but not in aluminum. Many recipes advise that the finished mass should be allowed to sit for 1 day. Never store the mixture in the refrigerator. To remove moisture, change the bag of the mass 24 hours after preparation and wrapping. To avoid cracks, you need to knead the mass very thoroughly. It is important to coat the mass with baby oil before wrapping it in film, otherwise fungus may develop. Lubricate your hands with cream before working with cold porcelain so that the mass does not stick to your hands too much. Cold porcelain is ideal for sculpting flowers (as opposed to plastic and salt dough). For a more realistic flower color, apply dry food paint with a brush, then hold over the steam from the kettle. The porcelain will absorb the dye. It must be applied after the flower has already frozen. You can also color flowers with liquid food coloring, but the disadvantage of this method is that the flower turns out too bright and unrealistic. Acrylic paints can be used for deeper color

Slide 11

To study and, when the time comes, to apply what you have learned to work - isn’t it wonderful! Confucius

Slide 12

Making preparations for flowers
We cut the stamens with scissors.
VIOLETS

Slide 13

Then we make blanks for leaves from soft pink porcelain
Cut into 5 parts
And use a toothpick to make a wavy edge

Slide 14

It must be dried in this form, otherwise the leaves will become deformed.

Slide 15

The flowers take a day or two to dry. When they harden, use the edge of a sponge painted pink with oil paint to highlight the edges of the violet.

Slide 16

Well, now let's get to the leaves. Take a violet leaf and a piece of cold porcelain, painted green (I use oil paints)
We work with the wrong side
Apply porcelain by lightly pressing with fingers

Slide 17

Carefully separate the porcelain from the leaf
It turns out just like the real thing, with all the veins!

“Chinese culture” - The construction of the Great Wall of China began in the 4th-3rd centuries. BC, and ended in the 15th century. One of the most soulful artists of lyrical landscape is Guo Xi (1020-1090). The Yungang Monastery is one of the masterpieces of world architecture. Chinese sculpture. Questions and tasks: The appearance of the pagoda is surprisingly simple.

“China and the Chinese” - Famous artists painted umbrellas with bright designs. Matches. Paper. The phenomenon is unique among the various written languages ​​of the peoples of the world. The first umbrellas in China were not used for protection from rain. Paper, brush, ink, ink. Brush. Martial arts. Model of a Chinese compass from the Han Dynasty.

“Chinese Cuisine” - “Food as Ideology.” Later, sticks became a replacement for a long-handled scoop called a “bi.” Chinese cuisine is very rich in seasonings. High gastronomic level. Eating food is always regarded as a moment of familiarization with the culture of a nation. Tea drinking traditions. From the history of Chinese chopsticks. "Five senses of taste."

"The Great Wall of China" - It is claimed that the wall included 25 thousand towers. A fifth of the then population of the country, that is, about a million people, took part in the construction. Interesting Facts. The great Wall of China. Destruction and restoration of the wall. Berseneva Anastasia 9th grade. Story. The thickness of the wall is several meters (on average 5 meters), the height is 6-10 meters.

“State of China” - Creation of a strong army in the state of Qin. The Huns' cavalry freely penetrated into China between scattered defensive structures. Then all the neighboring rulers immediately gathered with their troops. Portnov M.G. History teacher, Podgorsk Secondary School. What changes did the discovery of iron lead to? What similar army was created in Western Asia even earlier?

“Chinese country” - China ranks first in the world in terms of population. China exports more than 65% of manufactured goods. We will build the Great Wall from our flesh! Supreme body state power- National People's Congress. Water resources Rivers. 1.Introduction 2.Cereal crops 3.Industrial crops 4.Tea 5.Livestock.

There are 11 presentations in total

Gzhel has long been famous for its clays. Widespread mining of different types of clay has been carried out here since the middle of the 17th century. In 1663, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich issued a decree “to send clay suitable for apothecary vessels to the Gzhel volost for apothecary and alchemical vessels”

The name of the Gzhel craft is associated with an entire region of the Moscow region, where for a long time almost the entire population of the villages made pottery, tiles, and tiles. Since the 17th century the fishery was officially recognized as a manufacturer of ceramic products High Quality. Jugs and kvass, large plates and mugs were decorated with images of flowers, birds, trees, architectural structures

We found a lot of information about Russian porcelain and learned a lot about the history of porcelain, its production and use. Therefore, we decided that this information about porcelain should be very interesting to other children. That's why we made this presentation. We really enjoyed going to the departments where they sell dishes and admiring them.

Nikiforova L. The birthplace of Russian porcelain. L.: Lenizdat, all_arhiv/2001/russian_art/farfor/chasnie_z.ht m information/osnovnye-vidy-farfora.html/ posuda.ru/news/interesnoe_o_farfore.phtml posuda.ru/news/interesnoe_o_farfore.phtml