New Year's presentationNew Year, Christmas, Old New Year.

Who doesn't love holidays? Especially New Year's! We remember the enchanting moment when the lights go out and the Christmas tree lights come on - and the familiar world is transformed into fairy tale, where miracles are about to happen and we will find ourselves in a fairy-tale land of gnomes, wizards, dragons and castles in the air.

But we grow up and ask ourselves the question: why in Russia can we celebrate the New Year... three times? Name these three New Years: New Year - January 1; Christmas - January 7; Old New Year - January 14.

The Origin of HolidaysWhat do you know about the origin of these holidays? When and why did they arise? How are they celebrated in Rus'?

New YearIn the old days, Rus' celebrated the pagan New Year on March 1, and only in the 15th century did they gradually move on to celebrating the New Year in accordance with church tradition.

Decree of Peter the Great According to the decree of Peter the Great, January 1 became the New Year in 1700 (thus establishing the European custom of celebrating the New Year).

Decree of Peter the Great: “And as a sign of a good beginning and a new century, congratulate each other with joy on the New Year. Along noble and well-traveled streets, at gates and houses, make some decorations from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper, fire small cannons and rifles, fire rockets, as many as you can, and light fires. »

Decree of the Tsar The decree of the Tsar ordered to celebrate this event with special solemnity. On New Year's Eve, Peter himself lit the first rocket on Red Square. Lights were lit along the large streets - bonfires and tarred bulls attached to poles. The festivities with the ringing of bells, the firing of cannons, and the sounds of trumpets and kettledrums continued all night. The houses of the capital's residents were decorated with pine needles and spruce and pine branches. Since that time, the custom has been established to celebrate the New Year every year on January 1 and put a Christmas tree in the house.

Nativity of Christ “Holy night reigns over the world, the daily noise of worries has subsided” An exciting and joyful gospel is sweeping over Russia. In all churches they sing: “Thy Nativity, O Christ God, rise up and bring peace to the light of reason...” On January 7, the Russian Orthodox Church celebrates Christmas.

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Why do Christians reverence the holiday of Christmas so much? On this night, a new star lit up in the sky, announcing to the world the coming of the Savior of the human race - Jesus Christ. In Rus', on the eve of Christmas, houses were decorated with Christmas trees - a symbol of eternal, renewing life. A star made of paper or wood was hung on top. She depicted the gospel star, which showed the wise men the way to the birth of Jesus.

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B. Pasternak They stood in the shadows, as if in the twilight of a stable, whispering, barely finding the words. Suddenly, someone in the darkness, a little to the left, pushed the sorcerer away from the manger with his hand, and he looked back: from the threshold at the maiden, like a guest, the star of the Nativity was looking.

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Celebrating Christmas in Russia In Rus', people celebrated Christmas solemnly. On the first day after the service, young people, adults and even older people went to “glorify Christ.” The children learned chants like this: “Welcome the Magi, welcome the holy, Christmas has come, let’s begin the celebration! The star walks with us, singing a prayer.”

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Christian tradition: Christmas was preceded by a long (40-day) fast, during which food was limited. On the day before Christmas, they did not eat anything until the first star appeared. In the old days, after its sunrise, the family gathered for prayer in front of the images. Then the eldest in the house brought in an armful of straw. It was spread out on the table, covered with a tablecloth. In the evening we ate only vegetables and “kutya” (porridge). All the more desirable were the delicacies that the housewives prepared for the beginning of the celebration.

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Christmas delicacies In the northern Russian provinces they made special “kozulki” cookies in the form of animal figures. They were made for children or displayed in windows. In the Nizhny Novgorod province, baked goods made from figurines were called “carols”, in the Ryazan province – “ovsenki”. In Siberia they made “syrchiki” - frozen balls of cottage cheese. Such delicacies were placed in the bags of those who congratulated. They gave gifts not only to the singers, but also shared sweets with the poor and the sick.

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Yuletide festivitiesParishioners invited friends and relatives to Yuletide festivities. Both old and young glorified the birth of Christ on the streets and crossroads. Children went from house to house with a painted paper Christmas star and a nativity scene - a box in the shape of the cave where Jesus was born. This custom appeared in the 16th – 17th centuries. in Little Russia. The children sang about the birth of the savior of the world, adding their own songs - carols. The adults presented the little Christoslavs with money and pies.

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Yuletide festivities On the streets, crowds of mummers danced and sang songs of “playful content.” They were generously presented with sweets, and in gratitude they wished everyone health and prosperity. Children swung on swings and rode on boards - a common holiday activity. The people were especially entertained by the buffoons - songwriters, musicians, dancers and puppeteers.

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After New Year's Eve Usually on the first day after Christmas night, as soon as the parents woke up, young people came to them with requests, the children were waiting for New Year's gifts.

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Christmastide “Christmas, that is, holy days - 12 days from Christmas to Epiphany. They are also called holy evenings, perhaps in memory of the events of the Nativity and Baptism of the Savior, which took place at night. The church began to sanctify 12 days after the feast of the Nativity of Christ in ancient times... Meanwhile, the sanctity of these days and evenings in many places was violated by fortune-telling and other superstitious customs that survived from the pagan festivals of the same time of year,” this is how the encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron popularly explains.

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Christmastide began to be celebrated as early as 3 thousand years BC. ancient Sumerians, Chaldeans and Assyrians. The first 12 days at the beginning of the year were accompanied by noisy carnivals and mysteries. And the nights on days 8 and 11 were dedicated to fortune telling. Among the Slavs, such mysteries were called carols. The ritual of these days is playful, but once it was of a magical nature, aimed at ensuring that bread grew and livestock multiplied, so that there was prosperity in the house, and happiness in the family. Fortune telling was the privilege of women.

New Year is a holiday celebrated by many peoples in accordance with the accepted calendar, which occurs at the moment of transition from the last day of the year to the first day of the next year. The custom of celebrating the New Year already existed in Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC. e. The beginning of the year on January 1 was established by the Roman ruler Julius Caesar in 46 BC. e.

One of the calendar holidays. Until the 15th century (possibly also before the adoption of Christianity) in Rus' New Year occurred on March 1st according to the Julian calendar. In 1348, a Council was held in Moscow, at which the year was supposed to begin in September, and not in March. Since the 15th century, the new year began on September 1; information about the celebration of the New Year appears from the end of the 15th century. "The Parisian Dictionary of Muscovites" (XVI century) preserved Russian name New Year's holiday: First day of the year. Since 1700, by decree of Peter I, the New Year in Russia has been celebrated, as in other European countries, on January 1 (according to the Julian calendar).

Name the month in this riddle, guys: Its days are shorter than all days, longer than nights. Snow fell on the fields and meadows until spring. Only our month will pass, We will celebrate the New Year. It stings your ears, stings your nose, The frost creeps into your felt boots. If you splash water, it will fall. Not water, but ice. Even a bird can’t fly, The frost freezes the bird. The sun turned towards summer. What month is this, tell me?

Time New Year's holidays- this is the time of a beautiful, kind fairy tale that comes to every home at the end of every year with the onset of winter cold. But we also want to believe in Father Frost and the Snow Maiden, who will definitely, someday, come to our house.

The tradition of celebrating the New Year with a Christmas tree appeared in Russia under Peter I. In 1699, he issued a decree that introduced a new calendar - from the Nativity of Christ, and ordered the New Year to be celebrated in a European way - on January 1. By royal decree, all residents of Moscow were ordered to celebrate the New Year: light bonfires on New Year's Eve, set off fireworks, congratulate each other, and decorate their houses with coniferous trees.

Santa Claus is a fairy-tale character of Russian folklore. IN Slavic mythology the personification of winter frosts, a blacksmith who binds water. The collective image of Father Frost is based on the hagiography of St. Nicholas, as well as descriptions of the ancient Slavic deities Pozvizd, Zimnik and Korochun. On New Year's Day, Santa Claus supposedly comes and gives children gifts, which he brings in a sack behind his back.

Veliky Ustyug - the birthplace of Father Frost On December 25, 1999, the grand opening of the House of Father Frost took place in the city of Veliky Ustyug. Tourist trains run to the city from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vologda, and specialized bus trips have been developed.

The Snow Maiden is a New Year's character from Russian legends, the granddaughter of Father Frost. However, among the Slavs, Snegurochka was considered the daughter of Frost and Winter (a goddess among the ancient Slavs, the “snow queen”). The image of the Snow Maiden is unique to Russian culture. There are no female characters in the New Year and Christmas mythology of other peoples of the world.

Templates for creating PowerPoint presentations. The archive contains 3 templates. This resource can be used to create presentations for lessons and extracurricular activities in any subject.

To create the next slide, you can do it traditionally: right-click and select the “Create Slide” command.
You can do this: on the menu bar, select Home - Create Slide. Among the samples, select the one that is currently needed. Environment, editor in which the product is executed: Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2010.

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Fokina Lidia Petrovnaprimary school teacher

MCOU "Secondary school st. Evsino" Iskitimsky district, Novosibirsk region

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Educational institution:Municipal treasury educational institution“Secondary school st. Evsino" Iskitimsky district, Novosibirsk region

Material name:New Year presentation templates

Resource type: Template

Target: Using a template to create author's presentation

Environment, editor in which the product is executed:Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2010

Necessary equipment and materials for the lesson: computer

This template can be used to create presentations for lessons and extracurricular activities in any subject.

To create the next slide, you can do traditionally : Right-click on the “Create Slide” command. Can So : on the menu bar selectHome – Create slide. Among the samples, select the one that is currently needed.

Internet resources:

Author of pictures Olga Borhttp://www.olgabor.com/

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Presentation templates (backgrounds). New Year's. Part 1

Presentation templates (backgrounds). New Year's. Part 2

These templates can be used to create presentations for lessons and extracurricular activities in any subjects....

New Year presentation templates

Templates for creating PowerPoint presentations. The archive contains 3 templates. This resource can be used to create presentations for lessons and extracurricular activities in any subject. To create...

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history of the holiday

New Year

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Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from?

The history of this wonderful holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower Nile valley, civilization was first born at the end of the 4th millennium BC. It was here, according to scientists, that the New Year began to be celebrated for the first time (in the third millennium).

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During excavations of ancient Egyptian pyramids, archaeologists found a vessel on which was written: “The beginning of the new year.” In Ancient Egypt, the New Year was celebrated during the flood of the Nile River (around the end of September). The Nile flood was very important because... Only thanks to him did grain grow in the dry desert. On New Year's Day, statues of the god Amun, his wife the sky goddess Mut and his son, the moon god Khonsu, were placed in a boat. The boat sailed along the Nile for a month, which was accompanied by singing, dancing and fun. The statues were then brought back into the temple.

Amon Khonsu Mut Ancient Egypt

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Ancient Rome

For a long time, the Romans celebrated the New Year in early March, until Julius Caesar introduced a new calendar (now called the Julian). Thus, the first day of January became the date of the New Year. The month of January was named after the Roman god Janus (two-faced). One face of Janus was supposedly turned back to the past year, the other - forward to the new one. The New Year's holiday was called "Kalends". During the holiday, people decorated their houses and gave each other gifts and coins with the image of the two-faced Janus; slaves and their owners ate and were merry together. The Romans gave gifts to the emperor. At first this happened voluntarily, but over time the emperors began to demand gifts for the New Year.

Two-Faced Janus

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The Celts, the inhabitants of Gaul (the territory of modern France and part of England) celebrated the New Year at the end of October. The holiday was called Samhain from “summer's end” (end of summer). On New Year's Day, the Celts decorated their homes with mistletoe to drive out ghosts. They believed that it was on New Year's Day that the spirits of the dead came to the living.

Celtic New Year

The Celts inherited many Roman traditions, including the requirement of New Year's gifts from their subjects. Usually they gave jewelry and gold. Centuries later, thanks to this tradition, Queen Elizabeth I amassed a huge collection of embroidered and bejeweled gloves.

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New Year in Rus'

In Rus', the New Year was celebrated on March 1. In the 14th century, the Moscow Church Council decided to consider September 1 as the beginning of the New Year according to the Greek calendar. The last time the New Year was celebrated on September 1 in Rus' with royal pomp was in 1698. Giving everyone an apple, the king called everyone brother and congratulated them on the New Year and new happiness. In 1699, Peter I, returning from a trip to Europe, with a special decree, ordered that “from now on summers should be counted” from January 1: “Since in Russia they count the New Year differently, from now on stop fooling people and count the New Year everywhere from the first January.

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HISTORY OF THE NEW YEAR TREE

The Christmas tree, an integral attribute of the winter holidays, also arrived in Russia along with Peter’s reforms. However, the “stranger” who arrived, although not immediately, took root firmly in the Russian soil - as if she had always grown here: from the branches with which the houses were decorated, a luxurious tree in festive decoration grew.

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TO mid-19th centuries, the winter beauty became familiar to the townspeople, although in the villages such an “ancient folk custom” was not yet known. But this tree was not yet a New Year's tree - it was called a Christmas tree and was decorated with toys, delicacies intended as gifts for guests, and candles, and the top of it was crowned with an eight-pointed Christmas star - silver or gold. In Russian Orthodoxy, a tradition arose of decorating churches with coniferous branches on Christmastide (from the Nativity of Christ to Epiphany); the tree itself became a prototype of the tree of paradise with the fruits of knowledge and the Tree of the Cross, and evergreen pine needles became a symbol of immortality. However, not everyone remembered the symbolic side, and adults at Christmas parties sometimes behaved worse than children...

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The prototype of the modern Santa Claus was a very real person. In the 4th century, Archbishop Nicholas lived in the Turkish city of Myra. It was very a kind person, and after his death Nicholas was declared a saint for his good deeds. But in the 11th century, the church where he was buried was robbed by pirates. They stole the remains of the saint and took them to their homeland. The parishioners of St. Nicholas Church were outraged. The story made so much noise that Nicholas became the object of veneration and worship of Christians from around the world.

In the Middle Ages, a custom was established: On St. Nicholas Day, December 19, to give gifts to children, just as the Saint did. After the introduction of the new calendar, the Saint began to come to children at Christmas, and only then at New Year. In England and America, this good Saint is called Santa Claus (Saint Nicholas).

Father Frost

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The ancestor of our dear Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, Moroz, Studenets. More often, Frost preferred to have fun crunching snowballs, knocking on the walls of houses, making travelers shiver from the cold (he especially loved to freeze those sitting in a sleigh, wrapped in a fur coat, and those who ran on foot or waved an ax were not easy for Frost) . This is how Frost appears in the literature of the 19th century. - “Red Nose Frost” by Nekrasov and old man Moroz in “The Snow Maiden” by Ostrovsky.

When Russia began to celebrate the New Year, an old grandfather with a beard and wearing felt boots began to appear in houses. But then Santa Claus was not cheerful and good-natured. He had a bag in one hand and a stick in the other. He gave gifts, of course, but only to smart and obedient children; the rest got a good beating with a stick. But the years passed, and Santa Claus grew older and kinder, stopped handing out blows, and simply intimidated naughty children with scary fairy tales.

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But at the end of the 19th century he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. What is he like now? A bit harsh looking. He wears a long fur coat and a high hat, with a beard, and in his hands he holds a staff and a bag of gifts. And they call him “grandfather” for a reason, but because he has a granddaughter.

Only our Father Frost has a granddaughter, Snegurochka, and she was born in Russia. The Snow Maiden is a literary character. She appeared in 1873 and at first was called not the granddaughter of Santa Claus, but a daughter. This happened thanks to Alexander Ostrovsky’s play “The Snow Maiden,” which he created based on folk tale about a girl sculpted from snow and melted by the warm rays of the sun. Later, writers and poets turned her into a granddaughter. The image of the Snow Maiden is a symbol of frozen waters. This is a girl (not a girl) dressed only in white clothes. No other color is allowed in traditional symbolism. Her headdress is an eight-rayed crown embroidered with silver and pearls.

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Veliky Ustyug

There is probably no country left in the world that does not claim to be the homeland of Santa Claus. In first place here, of course, are the Scandinavian countries - Finland, Denmark, Norway. But not only that - even Turkey and China laid claim to this title at different times. Russia in this dispute does not lag behind the rest of the planet. In 1998, Veliky Ustyug, the oldest city in the Vologda region, was named the Russian homeland of Father Frost.

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The Fairy Tale Trail leads to the house of Santa Claus

Residence of Father Frost

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New Year's signs

Since ancient times, there have been several New Year's signs in Russia: Girls, when cleaning up on December 31, thoroughly swept under the table; if they came across grain of grain, it meant marriage; and so that there would be new things all year, on January 1 they put on all their best and changed clothes several times throughout the day. On January 2, the peasants performed a ritual to protect the house. if something happened to a person on New Year’s, the same will happen to him for the entire twelve months; do not do hard and dirty work - otherwise the whole year will be in hard work without rest; don’t repay your debts - pay off all year long.

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Be happy!

Shabalina E. especially for the sites freeppt.ru and ppt.3dn.ru

4th grade student

Class teacher: Elvira Rimovna Volobueva

G. Megion KHMAO-Yugra

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The custom of celebrating the New Year originated in Mesopotamia. In Russia, the New Year was officially approved in the 14th century by John Vasilyevich the Third, its date was September 1. in 1699, Peter I, by his decree, set a new date for the celebration of the New Year - January 1,

A little history

The star that many place on the top of the New Year's tree is a symbol of the Star of Bethlehem, which shone over the birthplace of Jesus Christ. there is a connection between Christmas and New Year.

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New Year's table

• In Russia: Olivier salad, poultry, meat or fish dishes, New Year's tangerines
• In Romania these are cabbage rolls in cabbage leaves
• in Italy – pork sausage with lentils
• in Norway – dried cod
• in China (imagine!) - dumplings