Slide 1

Dymkovo toy

Slide 2

Dymkovo toy (Vyatka, Kirov toy), Russian folk art craft; has long existed in the settlement of Dymkovo (now on the territory of the city of Kirov). A Dymkovo toy is sculpted from clay, fired and painted over the ground with tempera, and gold leaf is included. Depicts animals, horsemen, ladies in crinolines, fairy-tale and everyday scenes. The artistic originality of the Dymkovo toy is determined by its massive, laconic plasticity, emphasized by the harmonious decorative painting in the form of a large geometric ornament ( different colors circles, cells, etc.).
Tea party

Slide 3

The Dymkovo toy is perhaps one of the oldest crafts in Russia. It arose out of love for the pottery tradition of the Vyatka lands in ancient times. The name of the toy comes from the settlement of Dymkovo, today it is a district of the city of Vyatka. According to many researchers, the development of the Dymkovo clay toy is associated with the ritual spring holiday “Whistle Dance”, which was dedicated to the sun. To take part in the holiday, you needed a clay whistle and a painted clay ball that could be thrown around.

Slide 4

The Dymkovo Vyatka toy has long become a folk sculpture. The difference between this artistic craft and other Russian folk crafts is that each toy is the author's creative work craftswomen hand sculpted and paintings, and exists in a single copy. Traditionally, the Dymkovo toy industry does not have mass production.
Rooster

Slide 5

The whistles had the shapes of various totem animals: bear, goat, ram, deer, but in essence they were very simple, so their main function was magical, not decorative. Despite the ritual significance of clay whistles, some irony is noticeable with which the craftsmen sculpted them. The bear, for example, could play on some musical instrument, the goat could be wearing funny pants. Such clay whistle figures were sculpted by women and girls long before the holiday. This work was considered exclusively for women.
Goat

Slide 6

Almost all the toys are whistles, festively painted on white clay with multi-colored stripes and lines, rings and dots, circles that look like flowers.
horse

Slide 7

Ram
Horse
Deer

Slide 8

Lady
In ancient times, the most common types of figurines were animals and “women” - female symbols of fertility. Only in the 19th century did “women” dress up in bright clothes, pick up dishes with pies, babies and birds, and sit in boats and on benches. Multi-figure compositions appeared with names like “Sleigh Ride”, “Tea Party”, “Walking with Children”, “At Night”.

Slide 9

In the 19th century, the holiday turned into a lively whistling fair, with the obligatory whistling. The magical meaning of the festival was lost. The whistles were preserved, but acquired more and more elaborate, decorative forms. If in ancient times the main subject was animals, then in the 19th century women appeared in elegant clothes, with babies, birds, with baskets of pies, with rockers, on benches and in boats. Later, the masters of Dymkovo toys turn to urban subjects: ladies of fashion, townspeople, officers, merchant women, buffoons.
Nurse

Slide 10

No matter what you portray Dymkovo toy, it can always be distinguished by its unique elegant coloring. On a white background, blue, cyan, green, yellow-orange, and crimson colors look very fun. There can be up to ten of them. The ornament is always simple: cells, stripes, circles, dots, diamonds, zigzags in different combinations. But these simple geometric patterns carry some information. For example, a blue wavy stripe means water, crossed stripes mean a well frame, a circle with an asterisk in the middle means the sun and other luminaries.
Nurse

MBDOU No. 74 Educator: Loskutova D.V.

The technique for making a Dymkovo toy is very simple. The toys are made from red clay mixed with river sand. The shape is sculpted in parts. The individual elements are connected to each other with liquid clay. The seams are wiped with a damp cloth.

After sculpting, the toy is dried and fired.

The next stage of work is bleaching. The toy was immersed in a solution of ground chalk diluted in milk. The toy turned into dazzling white and was ready for painting.

Then traditional patterns were applied: cells, stripes, circles, ovals, dots.

The Dymkovo lady is very elegant. On the head there are certainly curls, hats, kokoshniks. There is a cape on the shoulders and puffy sleeves. There are frills at the bottom of the skirt or apron. In their hands are a handbag, an umbrella, a dog, a rocker, etc. The craftswomen generously “scattered” circles, cages, large and small peas across the white background. Look how beautiful this soul girl is, her scarlet cheeks are glowing, her outfit is amazing.

Dymkovo cavaliers, dignified generals, with a sense of self-esteem. More often they are depicted on horseback or paired with a lady. With ribbons and bows, Arm in arm with dandies, We walk in pairs, We swim by as peahens.

Clay horses race on stands as hard as they can. And you can’t hold on to the tail if you lose the mane.

An unknown bird has appeared - everyone marvels at it. It doesn’t sing or fly, Everything is on fire and blazing... This bird is not simple, Painted, golden. It’s just a miracle - a trinket, Its name is a folk toy!

To this day, the Dymkovo toy continues to delight us with its brightness, colorfulness, and festivity. The Dymkovo toy craft is preserved thanks to Dymkovo craftswomen from the city of Kirov. We are famous toys, Foldable and ok, We are famous everywhere, You will like us too!

Art lesson summary " Decorative drawing. Dymkovo toy”, 1st grade

lesson structure
I. Organizational moment
Emotional, psychological and motivational preparation of students to master the material being studied
I check students' readiness for the lesson.
So, friends, attention -
After all, the bell rang.
Sit down more comfortably -
Let's start the lesson soon.
I'll tell you the topic of the lesson.
– Look at the toys presented at the exhibition and find the odd one among them.
– Yes, one of the toys on display here is wooden, while others are made of clay. Guys, you all have toys at home. They are made of modern materials (plastic, rubber, metal, fur). But along with them
Folk clay toys are still very popular. In the hands of masters, a miraculous transformation of natural material into amazing creations occurs. The places where these masters live are called centers of folk crafts. A lot of them. Today we will get to know each other better
with one of them - the Dymkovo fishery. This is a unique phenomenon of Russian folk art that has come to us from time immemorial. Folk craftsmen have been preserving it for 400 years. But for the fishery to still exist long years, it is necessary that people are familiar with such toys from childhood, love them, and play with them.

II. Learning new material
WITH fishing-illustrative story “From the history of fishing”. View multimedia presentation on this topic.
In times long ago
This is not how the country lived at all.
There was no "Dandy"
“This” with “Lego” - too.
And they made toys
Who can?
And having created your product,
We went to the market.
Made from clay
Everyone is amazed by the toys.
Children in the carousel
They sat on the horses.
On a sleigh - Emelya,
Here is the dog Bimka.
Only all toys
They call it "haze". slide2.

They are sleeping by the highway
In the hoarfrost,
The trees are sleeping, the river is sleeping,
Bound by ice.
Soft snow falls
Blue smoke billows.
Smoke comes out of the chimneys in a column,
It’s like everything is in a haze,
Blue distances.
And the village is big
They called it Dymkovo.
They loved songs and dances there,

The evenings are long in winter,
And they sculpted there from clay.
Amazing miracle
We will bow more than once
And about the Dymkovo toy
I'll tell you the story now.

Slide 3.

Dear Sirs,
Look here
Vyatka toys for all styles
Here are the young ladies and gentlemen Slide 5.

Indian, Indian, turkey,
You look like a chest
The chest is not simple -
Red, white, gold. Slide 6.

Behind the icy water
Young water bearer,
Like a swan floats.
He's carrying full buckets! Slide 7.

Surprised everyone with the outfit
He spread his wings importantly.
That's such a tall tale
This miracle bird? Slide 8.

Clay horses are racing
On the stand as much as I can
And you can’t stay in the sleigh,
If you let go of the reins. Slide 9.

The sides are steep,
Golden horns,
There are frills on the legs,
On Egorka's back. Slide 10.

Dymkovo toys are quite varied in shape and appearance. As a rule, these are molded from clay and are hollow inside. The Dymkovo toy is molded and painted by hand. Molded from red clay, after firing it was painted with chalk diluted in milk. Painting was done on a white background.
View the presentation, slides 11-12.

Yes, toys are not simple,
And the magically painted ones:
Snow-white, like birch trees,
Circles, squares, stripes -
A seemingly simple pattern
But I can’t look away.
And the glory comes about the haze -
You've earned this right!
They talk about her everywhere.
What a miracle this is!
– Describe one of the Dymkovo toys.
Slide 13.

Physical education minute

We raise our hands up,
And then we release them.
And then we'll unwrap them
And we’ll quickly press you to us.
And then faster, faster
Clap, clap more cheerfully.

III. Creative practical activity
ABOUT organization of the workplace.
I check that the workplace is organized correctly.
Performing exercises on drawing the Dymkovo pattern.
I show you how to draw a pattern. I'll organize the work.
– Draw one of your favorite toys with gouache. Remember the basic rules for working on a drawing.

IV. Lesson summary.
Reflection
Exhibition of student works. Collective composition
"At the Dymkovo Fair"
ABOUT I will organize viewing of works and their discussion.
The teacher reads poetry:
This deer has golden antlers.
Through the mountain spurs,
Over the rooftops of villages
Red-horned, yellow-horned
A clay deer rushes.
– The Dymkovo lady is all in orange, gold, scarlet and green patterns.
Look how good she is
This girl is a soul.
Scarlet cheeks are burning,
Amazing outfit.

Summarizing the information received in the lesson, evaluating the results of the work.
-What new did you learn in the lesson?
-Which work do you think is the most beautiful? Why?
-What difficulties did you encounter during your work? How did you overcome them?
-Are you satisfied with the results of your work?

Final word
Slide 15-16.

Teacher: Today, guys, we will talk about toys. But not about ordinary, but about folk toys. Our homeland has long been famous for its craftsmen and its deeds. Wherever we are, we will meet miracle masters who know how to transform natural materials into amazing creations. The places where these masters live are called centers of folk crafts. A lot of them.

So Dymkovskaya Sloboda (now the trans-river part of the city of Kirov), on the Vyatka River, is famous for its craftsmen, for its Dymkovo toys.

(Teacher shows Dymkovo toys)

What is Dymkovo famous for?
With his toy.
There is no smoky color in it,
And there is the love of people.

There's something of the rainbow in her,
From drops of dew.
There is something of joy in her,
Thundering like bass.

(V. Fofanov)

People affectionately and tenderly call this toy “haze.” Where does such an amazing name come from?

It turns out that clay toys were made in winter and early spring, when long preparations were underway for the spring fair "The Whistler". To burn the toys, the stoves were heated until late at night, and the whole settlement was in smoke, in a haze. This is where the name Dymkovo came from, and the toys began to be called Dymkovo toys. What kind of toys are these? Let's get a look.

(The teacher demonstrates toys, slides, presentations, etc. Draws attention to the features of the Dymkovo toy)

Some researchers connect the production of this toy with the spring fair “whistle” or “whistle dance”, which once took place on Mount Razderikhe (near Vyatka). The awakening of nature, the arrival of birds, hopes for the future harvest (and the purchase of grain took place at this fair) - all this was in the air and gave rise to a cheerful mood, joyful anticipation, and at the same time, funny toys, like the Dymkovo toy. Initially, the Dymkovo toy was a whistle on which a simple melody or tune could be played. Later, whistles gradually gave way to a simple but very bright toy made for sale. And here there seems to be a change in its meaning: from an ordinary toy-whistle it turns into a work of art that has come to us from “deep antiquity.”

– The Dymkovo lady is very elegant. On the head there are certainly curls, hats, kokoshniks. There is a cape on the shoulders and puffy sleeves. There are frills at the bottom of the skirt or apron. In their hands are a handbag, an umbrella, a dog, a rocker, etc. The craftswomen generously “scattered” circles, cages, large and small peas across the white background.

Look how good she is
This girl is a soul
Scarlet cheeks are burning,
Amazing outfit.

(Folk art)

Dymkovo cavaliers, dignified generals, with a sense of self-esteem. More often they are depicted on horseback or paired with a lady.

With ribbons and bows,
Yes, arm in arm with the dandies
We walk in pairs
We pass by peahens.

(P. Sinyavsky)

– Toys depicting animals and birds are especially creative. Dymkovo horses with a lush mane and tail.

Clay horses are racing
On stands as best we can.
And you can’t hold on to your tail,
If you missed the mane.

(Folk art)

Folk fantasy and love of color are also manifested in the image of an ordinary cockerel. It appears exotic, with its bushy tail and red crest, like a fancy flower. Dymkovo cockerel full of dignity and fighting spirit. A circle always shines on his chest - a symbol of the sun.

(Folk art)

To this day, the Dymkovo toy continues to delight us with its brightness, colorfulness, and festivity. The Dymkovo toy craft is preserved thanks to Dymkovo craftswomen from the city of Kirov.

We are noble toys,
Folding oh well
We are famous everywhere
You'll like us too!

(P. Sinyavsky)

(End of slide show, presentation)

Question: What do all these toys have in common?

Answer: Cheerful, festive, elegant.

Question: Do you like these toys? Which one is the most? Why?

Question: How can you paint toys, what elements are best to select?

Answer: Circles, stripes, waves, rings, dots, diamonds, etc.

Question: What colors do Dymkovo craftsmen like?

Answer: Bright, elegant: red, blue, crimson, yellow, orange, green.

The teacher invites the children to become real folk craftsmen and paint models of the Dymkovo toy. Draws attention to the main stages of painting (from large details to small ones).

In progress independent work The teacher gives children complete creative freedom, providing individual assistance. You can turn on soft folk music. At the end of the lesson there is an exhibition. The children place their toys on a special stand and, together with the teacher, choose best works. The teacher does not forget to praise each student and note what they did best in the toy.

Back forward

Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Target: acquaintance with a new type of decorative and applied art - the Dymkovo clay toy;
development of observation, creativity, sense of color and proportion, brush writing skills: with a poke, a stroke, a line;
nurturing love for one’s native people through the creativity of folk craftsmen.

Type: lesson - conversation with elements of theatrical play (table theater).

Equipment: Dymkovo toys, tables with large images of toys, table “Rhythm and variations of the haze ornament”, gouache, brushes, paper, scissors, musical accompaniment, presentation.

During the classes.

I. Organizational moment.
II. Preparation for the perception of new material.
What folk crafts do you know?
What is a fair?
Teacher's story.

Folk art is the spiritual culture of the people. For centuries, people have tried to express their understanding of life, nature, and the world in artistic form through song, fairy tales, epics, dance, architecture, and household items.
From ancient times to the present day, people have been trying to make household items not only comfortable, but also beautiful. The artistic talent of the people was revealed in folk crafts. Original Russian products from the masters of Khokhloma, Gorodets, Zhostovo, Polkhov-Maidan, Gzhel are valued not only here, but also abroad. In the old days, people could buy all these items at fairs.

Boris Kustudiev. "Fair" 1908

The fair is not only a trade, but also a great national holiday, a display of the entire diversity of art of the Russian people. Many people gathered at such fairs. folk festivals, puppet shows, funny carousels, performances of singers and dancers accompanied the bargaining. All the generosity of the Russian soul is reflected in the celebration of the fair.

Attention! Attention!
Have fun!
Come, people!
Open your mouth wider
Good people there is honor here
The fair is calling us all.

Vasnetsov Apollinariy Mikhailovich. Novgorod trade.

Why is a modern fair held?

III. Learning new material.
Listen to the poem and tell me what type of folk craft we will get acquainted with today in class?

What is Dymkovo famous for?
With your toy!
There is no smoky color in it,
What grayness is gray.
There's something of the rainbow in her,
From drops of dew,
There is something of joy in her,
Thundering like bass!
She doesn't look gingerbread -
Jubilant and festive.
In her youth is the highlight,
She has daring and scope...
Shine, ocher and red lead,
All over the earth in houses!
Shine, ocher and red lead,
May it be light and gloomy for everyone!
And anger and gloominess like ice
Without any trace
Let under Dymkov's smile
They will melt forever!
V. Fofanov.

(Students' answers)

The topic of today's lesson is “Dymkovo toy”.
This toy is affectionately and tenderly called “Dymka”. According to their place of birth, they are from Sloboda Dymkovo. From high on the bank of the Vyatka River, on which the city of Kirov stands, you can see the settlement of Dymkovo.

Why was Sloboda called Dymkovo, and why were the toys called Dymkovo?
In winter, when the stoves are lit and in summer on cloudy days, the whole settlement seems to be in a haze. Here, in ancient times, the Dymkovo toy originated. The toys of Dymkovo craftsmen were the brightest decoration of the fair, where a festive festivities took place with the mischievous and cheerful name of the Whistler.
He will tell about the history of the origin of haze associated with the ancient ritual - pandemonium and festive festivities (speech by a prepared student).
There is a legend according to which the holiday began with the so-called Khlynovo massacre. It was described in detail by Captain N.P. Rychkov, who traveled in 1770-1772 to different provinces of the Russian state, and M.I. Kutuzov’s son-in-law, disgraced Major General N. Z. Khitrovo, who was exiled to Vyatka in 1811. According to their information, in the 14th-15th centuries, foreigners living in the region gathered under the fortified walls of Khlynov to take the city, allegedly founded by newcomers from Novgorod. Not relying only on their own strength, the residents of Khlynov sent for help to the Ustyug residents. The Ustyun residents arrived at night, but not from the direction from which they were expected. Not recognizing their friends in the darkness, the Vyatchans killed many and only in the morning they saw their mistake: “You don’t know your own.” In memory of the victims, a chapel was erected at the site of the massacre, and in it there was a wooden cross, and since then a memorial service was held here every year - commemoration of the innocent murdered, after which the festival of Whistle Dance began, the ritual of which included rolling clay balls from the high bank of the Vyatka down the Razderikhinsky descent, fist fights, whistling, songs and dances. There were booths with an abundance of different sweets and always selling clay toys and whistles.
At the fair you could always hear jokes, rhymes, and poems:

And at the fair the goods are
Painted samovars
Frames and bottles for sale
And paintings and bagels.

People buy drying
And for a wonderful toy
They look for a long time, slowly,
How good it is!

The fair is daring,
The fair is painted.
Honest people, gather together
And take a walk with your soul.

Do you know what they call a master who works with clay?

A potter is a craftsman who makes toys and dishes from clay.

Let's look at Dymkovo toys.

Characteristic distinctive features Dymkovo toys.

Snow-white toys. Before painting, they were whitened with chalk diluted in milk.
The pattern consists of geometric elements: circles, ovals, rings, stripes, cells, lines.
The following colors are used to paint toys: yellow, blue, red, green, black (white background).
IN modern toy present: orange, brown, pink blue.
Rhythm and variations of haze ornament.

In addition to a brush, a signet is used for painting - a poke for drawing small circles and dots.

To make a poke, you need to roll a strip of paper into a tube.
Remember.
The pattern must be applied immediately with a brush, without preliminary drawing with a pencil. Start drawing patterns with large elements.

IV. Consolidation of new material.
Why was Sloboda called Dymkovo?
What do you call a master who works with clay?
What are the distinctive features of the Dymkovo toy?
In what elements of painting is the poke used?
A game. Find an outfit for the Dymkovo “Young Lady”.

Physical education minute.

V. Statement of the artistic task.
(The class is divided into creative groups, each group performs a specific task).
Paint stencils of Dymkovo toys, household items, plants, architectural structures (all in the style of Dymkovo painting).
(The task is performed to folk music).

VI. Analysis of works. Lesson summary.
Homework. Each group needs to come up with a story about the fair and perform it in a tabletop theater at the next lesson using painted stencils.