Slide 1

Completed by an 11th grade student of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 2 in Pechora, Maria Kaneva
History of Soviet New Year's toys.

Slide 2

A little from the history of the New Year in the USSR...
At the dawn of formation Soviet Union(in 1927) as part of an anti-religious campaign, the Bolsheviks banned the Christmas tree and Christmas tree decorations. “Only he who is a friend of the priests is ready to celebrate the Christmas tree.” (Propaganda slogan of the 1920s) “The guys are being deceived that Santa Claus brought them gifts. The religiosity of the children begins with the Christmas tree. The ruling exploiting classes also use the “cute” Christmas tree and the “kind” Santa Claus in order to make obedient and patient servants of capital out of the working people.” (“Materials for anti-religious propaganda during Christmas”, 1927)

Slide 3

New Year traditions returned only in 1935. From a letter from a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Pavel Postyshev, published by the newspaper Pravda on December 28, 1935: “In pre-revolutionary times, the bourgeoisie and officials of the bourgeoisie always arranged for New Year a Christmas tree for your children. The children of the workers looked through the window with envy at the Christmas tree sparkling with multi-colored lights and the children of the rich having fun around it. Why do our schools, orphanages, nurseries, children's clubs, palaces of pioneers deprive the working children of the Soviet country of this wonderful pleasure? Some, no less than “leftist” killers, denounced this children’s entertainment as a bourgeois undertaking. This wrongful condemnation of the Christmas tree, which is a wonderful entertainment for children, must come to an end. Let’s organize a fun New Year’s Eve for children, let’s arrange a good Soviet Christmas tree in all cities and collective farms.”

Slide 4

That same year in November, Stalin, at the first congress of Stakhanovites, said his famous phrase: “Life has become better, life has become more fun, comrades!” In general, the Christmas tree, which was so unexpectedly allowed, became confirmation happy life proletariat, joyful childhood, as well as school uniforms (girls began to wear white aprons and brown dresses to school, and boys - blue suits) and many other seemingly insignificant details.

Slide 5

Soviet New Year's toys.
In the 1930s and 1940s, New Year trees were decorated with homemade or handicraft toys purchased at the market. In schools and kindergartens, children learned to make new Year decoration from cotton wool, cardboard, papier-mâché, cut out paper garlands, assemble structures from tubes and bugles on wire.

Slide 6

Factory jewelry at that time was a luxury item and a great rarity, but they mass production gradually improved. The Moskabel plant was one of the first to establish serial production of New Year's toys made of wire.

Slide 7

Using New Year's toys from the times of the USSR, you can literally study the history of our country. Figures of children, fairy-tale characters, clowns, ballerinas, strange birds and animals, fruits and vegetables, of course, remained from pre-revolutionary times.
But the angels were replaced by bright symbols of the Soviet era: balls with a hammer and sickle, “ruby” stars, athletes and pioneers with red flags, Budenovites, Red Army soldiers, women in padded jackets and scarlet headscarves.

Slide 8

In addition to patriotic propaganda symbols, “classic stories” from the school curriculum were very popular: Ivan Tsarevich, The Hostess Copper Mountain, Ruslan and Lyudmila, Brother Rabbit and Brother Fox, Little Red Riding Hood, Puss in Boots, Crocodile with Totosha and Kokosha, Doctor Aibolit.

Slide 9

With the release of the film “The Circus” (in 1936), circus-themed figures became popular: clowns, tigers, trained dogs, other animals, illusionists, fakirs and entertainers.

Slide 10

The development of the North was marked by the appearance of figures of polar explorers.
A separate topic in the history of Soviet New Year's toys The theme of the war in Spain stands out. In 1938, a glass ball was released containing two planes, one of which was diving the other.

Slide 11

The era of aeronautics also found its worthy reflection in Christmas tree decorations in the form of airships, airplanes, parachutes and parachutists with the inscription “USSR”.

Slide 12

During Soviet times, the “image” of the Soviet Father Frost was also developed. Our Father Frost began to resemble the bourgeois Santa Claus only with a gray beard, fur clothes and a red bag of gifts. Otherwise, the Soviet Father Frost does not look like a plump gnome, he is a tall, mature hero. Father Frost's fur coat, unlike Santa Claus's, goes down to his toes and is girded not with a belt, but with a sash. On his head, Santa Claus has a hat with an even edge without any tassels or pompoms. The hands are in huge mittens, and the feet are wearing either red boots or “patriotic” felt boots.
And Father Frost arrives not on reindeer, but on a Russian troika... And not alone, but with a charming young lady - Snegurochka, who has no analogues in any country.

Slide 13

During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), decorating the New Year tree was mandatory - it reminded the soldiers of peaceful life, gave strength and hope for a quick victory. At the same time, at the fronts, the Christmas trees were decorated with figurines made from shoulder straps, bandages, and socks. Factories also continued to produce New Year's toys, albeit in limited editions. “Military” Christmas trees were decorated with “soldiers”, “tanks”, “Stalin’s armored cars”, “pistols”, “orderlies”, and on New Year’s greeting cards from the Second World War, Santa Claus beat the Nazis...

Tatiana Petrenko
Presentation “Christmas tree toys”

Project "Christmas toys»

for 2nd junior group.

Relevance of the project:

The project is aimed at expanding children's knowledge about the objective world. Also relevant is the problem of interaction between preschool teachers and parents of students, involving them in life kindergarten and groups.

Only by joining forces will we provide excellent conditions for the education of morality, feelings of love and affection for our culture, our people through reasonable, rational use national holidays based on folklore, creativity, traditions and customs.

Objective of the project: Introduction to culture New Year's holiday, its traditions; development of an artistic and aesthetic attitude to the surrounding reality, enrichment of children's impressions.

Tasks:

1. Introduce the variety of New Year's toys and the tradition of decorating the New Year tree.

2. Development of artistic and aesthetic abilities, skills and abilities of productive activities.

3. Promote interaction between children and parents in making and collecting New Year’s items toys.

From the history of the Christmas tree toys.

(information for children of a cognitive nature)

How and where they first appeared Christmas decorations- history is silent. We only know that at first they were very, very simple, but gradually became more complex and interesting.

Previously, the Christmas tree was decorated "edible decorations"- apples, waffles, nuts in gold pieces, other fruits and sweets, honey gingerbread. And only then the first ones appear "inedible" Christmas decorations.

The first Christmas trees in Rus' toys were not made of glass, as, presumably, in other countries, and from scrap materials - rags, straw, colored ribbons, and later from paper and foil. There were even special workshops that did this.

Also in our country, cotton wool was produced toys. The basis for the figurine of the cotton man was a wire frame wrapped in cotton wool. Eyes, eyebrows and nose were painted with a brush, and cheeks were painted with a cotton swab. The suit was cut out of white or pre-dyed cotton wool. The finished figurine was covered with glue. Large figures, usually depicting Father Frost and the Snow Maiden, were placed under the Christmas tree.

Publications on the topic:

Presentation “Do-it-yourself toys for kids” (early age) Dear colleagues! Childhood is a time of a variety of games that develop a child and help him understand the world. Any.

Abstract of OD on educational field“Artistic and aesthetic development.” Age group: 2nd junior group. Topic: “Christmas tree toys.”

Presentation on mastering multimedia “My first presentation” 1 slide - title My first presentation “It is not the strongest and not the smartest who survive, but the one who best responds to what is happening.

Open lesson on testoplasty in the second junior group “Christmas tree toys” Open lesson on testoplasty in the second younger group. Topic: “Christmas tree decorations” Program content: 1) Consolidate and expand knowledge.

Presentation “Do-it-yourself toys for developing fine motor skills”! Municipal budget preschool educational institution"Kindergarten combined type No. 40 “Sunny” Presentation “Toys.

Presentation of the project “Games and toys of the indigenous peoples of the North” In order for a child to become truly inquisitive and strive to acquire new knowledge on his own, and not under coercion, it is extremely important.

Presentation of the “My Toys” project in the first junior group It is very important from the very early childhood Teach your child to properly store his toys in a specially designated place. Needs to be addressed.

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

history of Christmas toys

How did Christmas tree decorations come about? In the distant past, all Christmas tree decorations were edible - waffle and sugar figures, nuts, fruits and vegetables, sweets.

How Christmas tree toys came about Toys were also made from rags, straw and colored ribbons.

How Christmas tree decorations appeared In the 18th century, colorful paper flowers and angels appeared. They gilded nuts and cones, painted eggshells, and wove chains.

How Christmas tree decorations appeared At the beginning of the 20th century, Christmas trees were decorated with cotton toys and paper garlands. Cotton toys were made from twisted pressed cotton, which was wound onto skeletal frames in the shape of animals and people. The painted blanks were covered with starch paste with mica, which made them hard and slightly shiny.

How Christmas tree toys arose By the middle of the 20th century, the assortment Christmas decorations became very rich, although they were made from less efficient materials than today. But a lot of imagination was invested in them. Various birds and animals were stamped from silver-plated cardboard.

How Christmas tree decorations came about In the second half of the 20th century, the first Christmas tree balls were made from transparent or colored glass in Russia. Silver and gold dust were used to paint Christmas tree decorations. Each toy was made by hand.

How Christmas tree decorations came about The imagination of glassblowers knew no bounds: they made birds, Santa Clauses, bunches of grapes, as well as all sorts of little things - anyone could think of anything: jugs, pipes, in which you could even blow the whistle. Christmas tree decorations changed depending on fashion.

How Christmas tree decorations came about. Toys depicting technology were produced.

How did Christmas tree decorations appear in the form of vegetables and fruits?

How Christmas tree decorations appeared in the form of space satellites and astronauts

How did Christmas tree decorations in the form of Santa Claus and the Snow Maiden come about?

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

The history of the New Year's toy

This presentation is intended for students in grades 3-4. It shows in detail the process of making Christmas tree decorations, using many photographs....

New Year's toy "Ball" (step by step drawing)

Step-by-step drawing of the New Year's toy "Ball". A resource for art lessons and extracurricular activities. This resource can be used for individual, group and collective work....

Description of the presentation individual slides:

1 slide

Slide description:

The history of the Christmas tree toy Completed by the teacher of MBDOU No. 32 “Fairy Tale”, Kirovsk, Leningrad region. Korsakova E.N. History of Christmas tree decorations. Completed by the teacher of MBDOU No. 32 “Fairy Tale”, Kirovsk, Leningrad Region. Korsakova Ekaterina Nikolaevna.

2 slide

Slide description:

We bought them for the Christmas tree and gave them to her for the New Year. Bears, bunnies, New Year's crackers..... Riddle: “We bought them for the Christmas tree and gave them to her on New Year’s Day. Bears, bunnies, firecrackers - New Year's... (toys)

3 slide

Slide description:

What grows on the Christmas tree? Cones and needles. Multi-colored balls do not grow on the Christmas tree. Gingerbread and flags do not grow on the Christmas tree, Nuts do not grow in golden paper. These flags and balloons have grown today for Russian children on New Year's holiday. S.Marshak What grows on a Christmas tree? Cones and needles. Multi-colored balls do not grow on the Christmas tree. Gingerbread and flags do not grow on the Christmas tree, Nuts do not grow in golden paper. These flags and balloons have grown today for Russian children on New Year's holiday. S. Marshak

4 slide

Slide description:

The custom of decorating trees appeared a very, very long time ago among our great-great-great-grandparents. The custom of decorating trees appeared a very, very long time ago among our great-great-great-grandparents

5 slide

Slide description:

In those distant times, all people believed in fairy tales and miracles. They believed that powerful spirits lived in the branches of trees - good and evil. And in order to get along with them and get their help in various matters, people brought various gifts, which they hung on branches for these spirits. In those distant times, all people believed in fairy tales and miracles. They believed that powerful spirits lived in the branches of trees - good and evil. And in order to get along with them and get their help in various matters, people brought various gifts, which they hung on branches for these spirits.

6 slide

Slide description:

In 1700 Russian Tsar Peter 1 ordered to celebrate the New Year in Russia the same way as in Europe on January 1. And decorate houses with fir branches, only on the outside. In 1700 Russian Tsar Peter 1 ordered to celebrate the New Year in Russia the same way as in Europe on January 1. And decorate houses with fir branches, only on the outside.

7 slide

Slide description:

At first, Christmas trees were decorated very simply: with nuts, apples, even potatoes. At first, Christmas trees were decorated very simply: with nuts, apples, even potatoes.

8 slide

Slide description:

Time passed and people brought the New Year tree into the house. Time passed and people brought the New Year tree into the house.

Slide 9

Slide description:

Now, in addition to traditional apples, nuts, sweets, and balls appear on the thorny green branches. And on the top of the head is an image of a star or sun, cut out of thick paper or made of straw. Now, in addition to traditional apples, nuts, sweets, and balls appear on the thorny green branches. And on the top of the head is an image of a star or sun, cut out of thick paper or made of straw.

10 slide

Slide description:

You and I can also decorate the green branches of our New Year tree with beautiful and delicious gingerbread cookies, fruits, marmalade garlands, nuts and candies

11 slide

Slide description:

Christmas trees decorated with edible Christmas tree decorations turn out so beautiful and appetizing

12 slide

Slide description:

Over time, toys made from other materials began to appear. From cardboard From cotton wool From glass From plastic From metal Over time, toys made from other materials began to appear: from cardboard, from cotton wool, from glass, from plastic, from metal.

Slide 13

Slide description:

Appearance Christmas tree decorations in Russia used to be very dependent on the events that took place in our country. The appearance of Christmas tree decorations in Russia used to be very dependent on the events that took place in our country.

Slide 14

Slide description:

During Patriotic War At the front, Christmas trees were decorated with toys made from shoulder straps, bandages, and socks. Christmas tree decorations were also produced in limited quantities. Decorating Christmas trees during the war was mandatory. The New Year tree reminded of a peaceful life and gave hope for a quicker victory. “Military” Christmas trees were decorated with “soldiers,” “tanks,” “pistols,” “orderly dogs,” even Santa Claus beat the Nazis on New Year’s cards... During the Patriotic War, at the front, Christmas trees were decorated with toys made from shoulder straps, bandages, and socks . Christmas tree decorations were also produced in limited quantities. Decorating Christmas trees during the war was mandatory. The New Year tree reminded of a peaceful life and gave hope for a quicker victory. “Military” Christmas trees were decorated with “soldiers”, “tanks”, “pistols”, “orderlies”, even Santa Claus beat the Nazis on New Year’s cards...

15 slide

Slide description:

Military toys reflected what was happening in the country. This air battle, in which our plane wins, a steam locomotive that rushes with ammunition for our troops, orders and medals for the courage and heroic deeds of our soldiers. Christmas tree decorations were made from various scrap materials, even from unnecessary light bulbs, wrapped in newspaper or painted with paints.

16 slide

Slide description:

When people began to explore airspace and flew into space, toys appeared in the form of airplanes, rockets, parachutes, airships, and astronauts. When people began to explore airspace and flew into space, Christmas tree toys appeared in the form of airships, airplanes, parachutists, rockets, and astronauts.

Slide 17

Slide description:

Then Christmas tree decorations in the form of fairy-tale characters began to appear. More Christmas trees were decorated with shiny rain. Then Christmas tree decorations in the form of fairy-tale characters began to appear. The Christmas trees were also decorated with shiny rain

18 slide

Slide description:

Now we decorate Christmas trees with a wide variety of toys Now we decorate Christmas trees with a wide variety of toys

Slide 19

Slide description:

Why did people in ancient times decorate tree branches in the forest? What was the name of the king who ordered to celebrate the New Year on January 1 and decorate the Christmas tree? How did you decorate the Christmas tree first? What materials are Christmas tree decorations made from? What were Christmas decorations like during the war? What Christmas decorations appeared when man began to master the airspace and flew into space? What decorations do they decorate the New Year tree with now? Slide quiz. 1. Why did people in ancient times decorate tree branches in the forest? 2. What was the name of the king who ordered to celebrate the New Year on January 1 and decorate the Christmas tree? 3. How did you decorate the Christmas tree first? 4. What materials are Christmas tree decorations made from? 5. What were Christmas tree decorations like during the war? 6. What Christmas decorations appeared when man began to master the airspace and flew into space? 7. What toys are used to decorate the Christmas tree now?

20 slide

Slide description:

How to make a modern Christmas tree toy? It turns out that everyone’s favorite Christmas tree balls are made from simple glass tubes. First they are heated in a flame, and the glass becomes plastic, like wax. The heated glass is divided into blanks for balls, heated again, and a glass ball is blown from each blank, like a soap bubble. And then they paint it with silver paint. After that, the balls are painted in different colors. Now the fun begins!!! The New Year's ball is painted with the most patterns and designs, sprinkled with glitter. How to make a modern Christmas tree toy? It turns out that everyone’s favorite Christmas tree balls are made from simple glass tubes. First they are heated in a flame, and the glass becomes plastic, like wax. The heated glass is divided into blanks for balls, heated again, and a glass ball is blown from each blank, like a soap bubble. And then they paint it with silver paint. After that, the balls are painted in different colors. Now the fun begins!!! The New Year's ball is painted with the most patterns and designs, sprinkled with sparkles.

During the Patriotic War, Christmas trees at the fronts were decorated with figurines made from shoulder straps, bandages, and socks. Toys were also produced, in limited quantities, of course. Decorating the Christmas tree for the New Year was mandatory; this ritual reminded of a peaceful life and gave strength to hope for a quick victory. “Military” Christmas trees were decorated with “soldiers,” “tanks,” “pistols,” and “orderly dogs”; even Santa Claus is on New Year cards beat the fascists...

By the 19th century, glass toys occupied the main niche in the production of holiday products. The glassblower blew the workpiece through a glass tube heated red-hot on a gas burner. When she reached the right size, one end was soldered. Then it was cooled, immersed in colored varnish or silver nitrite, painted by hand, rhinestones and sparkles were glued onto it, and a so-called “cap” with a loop was attached.

In the 1980s, the production of mass-produced toys that did not feature original design ideas continued. Balloons of a wide variety of colors, silver and gold plating, with glued flowers and stars. “Bumps”, as if sprinkled with sugar.

Jewelers have created a New Year's toy to decorate the holiday tree. The price of this jewelry exceeded all expectations. This Christmas tree toy is recognized as the most expensive in the world. The Christmas tree decoration was encrusted with rubies and diamonds. The price of this product is dollars.

On September 18, 2008, the unique, only in Russia Museum of Christmas tree decorations - “Klinskoye Compound” - opened! "Klin Compound" is a museum of Christmas tree decorations in the town of Klin near Moscow. This museum is young and so far the only one in Russia. The museum is located in a nice modern mansion.

The largest collection of Christmas tree decorations belongs to American Kim Balashak, who has been living in Moscow for more than ten years. Her collection numbers just over 2,500 Soviet Christmas tree decorations. It is Balashak who represents Russia in the international organization of Christmas tree decoration collectors “Golden Glow”.