Plain weave protective fabric made of high-strength aramid yarn of equal linear density in the warp and weft makes it possible to increase its strength due to its execution from threads with the same longitudinal configuration and the same number of threads per unit width in both directions, and the twist coefficient of the threads does not exceed 4.2 s .p.f-ly, 2 tab.

The invention relates to textile industry, in particular to special-purpose protective fabric used for the manufacture of bulletproof vests, protective clothing and other purposes. Known protective fabrics for bulletproof vests based on threads of high-strength aromatic polyamides (SVM, Armos, Kevlar, Tvaron). Practically, all known textile structures of plain, twill, and other weave fabrics, made from high-strength aramid yarns, can be used as means of personal armor protection with greater or lesser efficiency. It is quite obvious that the maximum manifestation of the protective properties of the tissue can be achieved with the optimal structure of the tissue. Most ballistic fabrics made of aramid yarns (SVM and Armos) (article 6801, TU 17 RSFSR 18-86001-91, article 56319, TU 17 RSFSR 62-10540-83, article AS-21, TU 17 RF 19-57-41- 93) have a large deflection when exposed to a bullet and show a difference in the properties of the fabric in the warp and weft, in particular, the presence of a different number of warp and weft threads per unit width, different breaking load of the fabric in the warp and weft, different chemical composition warp and weft, etc. The technical solution that most fully illustrates the approach to solving the problem of designing a protective fabric is a ballistic protection fabric described in RF patent N 2041986, class. D 03 D 15/00, according to which the protective fabric is made with a filling of 100 - 150% and a weave density ratio of 0.75: 1 from a system of warp and weft threads with a linear density of 100 - 58.8 tex based on aromatic copolyamides (Armos), with the ratio of the diameters of the elementary and complex threads is 1:300 - 330, and the twist coefficient of the warp threads is 7 - 15, and the weft threads is 2 - 15. In this case, the emphasis is on the increased difference in such mechanical indicators of the warp and weft threads as tensile deformation and deformation modulus stretching, which leads to a disconnected work of the warp and weft threads and to a decrease in the ballistic resistance of the fabric. An increased ballistic resistance of the package can be expected in the case when the maximum amount of energy of the bullet or fragment is spent on the deformation of the elements of the package. The greater the deformation, the more time interaction of a bullet or fragment with layers of fabric in the package, the more significant is the relative movement of complex and elementary filaments in the interaction zone and the less is the destruction of the filaments in the fabric of the package. However, a large deformation of the tissue layers (the so-called "bulge") is undesirable, since it can lead to a significant traumatic effect on the subject of protection. On the other hand, the more energy of a bullet or fragment will be absorbed by the friction of the threads, the less will be the deformation and destruction. From this point of view, the simultaneous and uniform friction of the threads contributes to the maximum absorption of the energy of a bullet or fragment in the zone of interaction between the latter and the fabric package. In this case, the force action is evenly distributed over a large mass of complex and elementary filaments, the total dynamic resistance of the fabric layers in the package increases, and the deformation and destruction decrease. To do this, it is necessary that the warp and weft threads be a complex structure that ensures the individual engagement of their component elementary threads, and the longitudinal configuration of the warp and weft threads is the same, setting equal resistance to longitudinal movement (pulling out) and the same elongation of equally crimped threads. In this case, the number of warp and weft threads per unit width should be equal. The technical objective of the invention is to increase the ballistic resistance of the protective fabric, which makes it possible to reduce the number of its layers in the manufacture of body armor, reduce its weight and improve ergonomic characteristics. Solution technical task The invention is achieved due to the fact that the protective fabric of plain weave from high-strength aramid yarn of equal linear density in the warp and weft, according to the proposal, is made of threads with the same longitudinal configuration and an equal number of threads per unit width in both directions, while in these directions the ratio the breaking elongation of the fabric does not exceed 1.25, the force when extracting single threads of equal length differs by no more than 20%, and the thread twist coefficient determined by formula (1) does not exceed 4. where is the twist coefficient; K is the amount of twist, twists/m; T - linear density of the thread, tex. The second solution to the technical problem of the invention is a protective fabric of plain weave made of high-strength aramid yarn of equal linear density along the warp and weft, made of threads with the same longitudinal configuration and an equal number of threads per unit width in both directions, while in these directions the ratio of the breaking elongations of the fabric does not exceed 1.25, the force when extracting single threads of equal length differs by no more than 20%, and the twist coefficient of the threads of one of the directions does not exceed 4. To confirm the technical result of the invention, experimental ballistic fabrics of plain weave were made from aramid threads (CBM) with a twist of 13, 50 and 100 kr./m and with a linear density of 58.8 tex and based on them - bulletproof packages. The ballistic resistance of the bulletproof fabric package was evaluated according to the standard method adopted by the Research Institute of Special Equipment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and meeting the requirements of special fire tests of personal armor protection. For comparison, bags of plain weave fabric article 56319 were tested. This fabric in 25 layers is used in the manufacture of bulletproof vests for the Russian army. Samples of experimental ballistic fabrics, collected in packages of 16 or less layers measuring 250 x 250 mm with fixed edges, were applied to the surface of a mastic (plasticine) block. The tests were carried out by shots from a PM pistol along the normal from a distance of 5 meters with regular cartridges. During the tests, the number of broken layers, the nature of the destruction of the layers, the depth of penetration of the rear layers of the sample into the plasticine block (bulge) were evaluated. The invention is illustrated by the following examples and table. 1 and 2. Example 1 (basic). Fabric for ballistic protection plain weave of aramid yarn (CBM) with a linear density of 58.8 tex with a twist of 13 twists per meter in warp and weft (twist factor 0.99) has a surface density of 170 g/m 2 with the number of warp and weft threads per 10 cm equals 136. The breaking elongation of the fabric in the warp is 7.8%, in the weft - 8.5%, the pulling force of a single thread 8 cm long in the warp is 0.93 N, in the weft - 0.9 N. 25 cm and a surface density of 2.21 kg/m 2 are given in table. 2, from which it follows that the fabric has a very high ballistic resistance with a high uniformity of warp and weft thread breakage (ratio 0.82 versus 0.64 for one of the best serial fabrics article 56319). Example 2 (basic). Plain weave ballistic protection fabric of 58.8 tex aramid yarn (CBM) with a twist of 13 twists per meter in the warp (twist factor 0.99) and 100 twists per meter in the weft (twist factor 7.66) has a basis weight 170 kg / m 2 with the number of warp and weft threads per 1 cm equal to 136. The breaking elongation of the fabric in the warp is 8.8%, in the weft 8.2%, the force of pulling out a single thread 8 cm long in the warp is 0.8 H, in the weft - 0.68N. The test results of a package of 16 layers of fabric with a size of 25 x 25 cm and a surface density of 2.72 kg/m 2 are given in table. 2, from which it follows that the fabric has good ballistic resistance with high uniformity of warp and weft thread breakage (ratio 0.83) Example 3 (comparative). Fabric for ballistic protection plain weave of aramid yarn (CBM) with a linear density of 58.8 tex with a twist of 100 twists per meter in warp and weft (twist factor 7.66) has a surface density of 170 g/m 2 with the number of warp and weft threads per 10 cm is equal to 136. The breaking elongation of the fabric in the warp is 8.6%, in the weft 8.1%, the pulling force of a single thread 8 cm long in the warp is 0.58 N, in the weft is 0.57 N. The test results of a package of 16 layers fabrics measuring 25 x 25 cm and a surface density of 2.72 kg / m 2 are given in table. 2, from which it follows that a fabric with excellent physical and mechanical properties and a very high uniformity of warp and weft thread breakage (ratio 0.96) does not hold a bullet. Example 4 (basic). A plain weave ballistic protection fabric of 58.8 tex aramid yarn (CBM) with a twist of 13 twists per meter in the warp (twist factor 0.99) and 50 twists per meter in the weft (twist factor 3.83) has a basis weight 170 g / m 2 with the number of warp and weft threads per 10 cm equal to 136. The breaking elongation of the fabric on the warp is 8.1%, on the weft - 8.0%, the force of pulling out a single thread 8 cm long on the warp is 0.95 H, on duck - 0.88 H. The test results of a package of 16 layers of fabric measuring 25 x 25 cm and a surface density of 2.72 kg/m 2 are given in table. 2, from which it follows that the fabric has good ballistic resistance with high uniformity of warp and weft thread breaks (ratio 0.9). Example 5 (comparative). Plain weave ballistic protection fabric of aramid yarn (SBM) with a linear density of 58.8 tex with a twist of 100 twists per meter in warp and weft (twist factor 7.66) has a surface density of 176 g/m 2 with the number of warp and weft threads by 10 cm equal to 140. The breaking elongation of the fabric in the warp is 7.2%, in the weft - 6%, the pulling force of a single thread 8 cm long in the warp is 0.65 N, in the weft - 0.48 N. The test results of a package of 16 layers fabrics measuring 25 x 25 cm and a surface density of 2.82 kg / m 2 are given in table. 2, from which it follows that, despite the increased density of the fabric, the package passes a bullet at a low uniformity of breaks in the warp and weft threads (ratio 0.56). Example 6 (comparative). Plain weave ballistic protection fabric of 58.8 tex aramid yarn (CBM) with a twist of 100 twists per meter in warp and weft (twist ratio 7.66) has an area density of 183 g/m 2 with the number of warp and weft threads by 10 cm equal to 144. The breaking elongation of the fabric in the warp is 8.5%, in the weft - 5.6%, the force of pulling out a single thread 8 cm long in the warp is 0.95 N, in the weft - 0.58 N. The results of testing a package of 16 layers of fabric with a size of 25 x 25 cm and a surface density of 2.93 kg/m 2 are shown in table. 2, from which it follows that despite the even greater density of the fabric (compared to example 5), the package does not hold a bullet and the fabric works even worse, as can be seen from the ratio of breaks in the warp and weft threads, equal to 0.43. The value of the bulge formed during testing of a standard package of 24 layers of fabric, article 56319, was taken as 1. According to this indicator, all experimental fabrics had an advantage (the bulge did not exceed 0.75). Typically, a ballistic resistant fabric is considered effective if the number of punched layers of a woven bag assembled from it does not exceed 50%. The data of examples and tables show that, compared with the fabrics currently used for armor protection, including fabrics made according to RF patent 2041986, the fabric proposed in this invention in accordance with the claims has higher bulletproof properties, which allows reduce the number of layers of woven material in the manufacture of body armor and reduce its weight.

Claim

1. Protective fabric of plain weave made of high-strength aramid yarn of equal linear density in the warp and weft, characterized in that the fabric is made of threads with the same longitudinal configuration and the same number of threads per unit width in both directions, and the twist coefficient of the threads does not exceed 4. 2 Protective fabric of plain weave made of high-strength aramid yarn of equal linear density in the warp and weft, characterized in that the fabric is made of threads with the same longitudinal configuration and the same number of threads per unit width in both directions, and the twist coefficient of the threads of one of the directions does not exceed 4 .

All protective structures of body armor can be divided into five groups, depending on the materials used:

Textile (woven) armor based on aramid fibers

Today, ballistic fabrics based on aramid fibers are the basic material for civilian and military body armor. Ballistic fabrics are produced in many countries of the world and differ significantly not only in names, but also in characteristics. Abroad, these are Kevlar (USA) and Twaron (Europe), and in Russia - a number of aramid fibers, which differ markedly from American and European ones in their chemical properties.

What is aramid fiber? Aramid looks like thin yellow gossamer fibers (other colors are very rarely used). Aramid threads are woven from these fibers, and ballistic fabric is subsequently made from the threads. Aramid fiber has a very high mechanical strength.

Most experts in the field of body armor development believe that the potential of Russian aramid fibers has not yet been fully realized. For example, armor structures made from our aramid fibers are superior to foreign ones in terms of "protection characteristics / weight". And some composite structures in this indicator are no worse than structures made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Wherein, physical density UHMWPE is 1.5 times smaller.

Ballistic fabric brands:

• Kevlar ® (DuPont, USA)
• Twaron ® (Teijin Aramid, Netherlands)
• SVM, RUSAR® (Russia)
• Heracron® (Colon, Korea)

Metal armor based on steel (titanium) and aluminum alloys

After a long break from the days of medieval armor, armor plates were made of steel and were widely used during the First and Second World Wars. Light alloys began to be used later. For example, during the war in Afghanistan, body armor with elements of armor aluminum and titanium became widespread. Modern armor alloys make it possible to reduce the thickness of panels by two to three times compared to panels made of steel, and, consequently, reduce the weight of the product by two to three times.

Aluminum armor. Aluminum outperforms steel armor, providing protection against 12.7mm or 14.5mm AP bullets. In addition, aluminum is provided with a raw material base, is more technologically advanced, welds well and has a unique anti-fragmentation and anti-mine protection.

titanium alloys. The main advantage of titanium alloys is the combination of corrosion resistance and high mechanical properties. To obtain a titanium alloy with predetermined properties, it is alloyed with chromium, aluminum, molybdenum and other elements.

Ceramic armor based on composite ceramic elements

Since the beginning of the 80s, in the production of armored clothing, ceramic materials, superior to metals in terms of the "degree of protection / weight" ratio. However, the use of ceramics is only possible in combination with ballistic fiber composites. At the same time, it is necessary to solve the problem of low survivability of such armored panels. Also, it is not always possible to effectively realize all the properties of ceramics, since such an armored panel requires careful handling.

In the Russian Ministry of Defense, the task of high survivability of ceramic armor panels was identified back in the 1990s. Until then, ceramic armor panels were much inferior to steel ones in this indicator. Thanks to this approach, today Russian troops have a reliable design - armored panels of the "Granit-4" family.

The bulk of body armor abroad consists of composite armor panels, which are made from solid ceramic monoplates. The reason for this is that for a soldier during combat operations, the chance of being repeatedly hit in the area of ​​​​the same armor panel is extremely small. Secondly, such products are much more technologically advanced; less labor-intensive, and hence their cost is much lower than the cost of a set of smaller tiles.

Used elements:

• Aluminum oxide (corundum);
• Boron carbide;
• Silicon carbide.

Composite armor based on high modulus polyethylene (laminated plastic)

To date, armor panels based on UHMWPE fibers (ultra-high-modulus polyethylene) are considered the most advanced type of armored clothing from class 1 to 3 (in terms of weight).

UHMWPE fibers have high strength, catching up with aramid ones. Ballistic products made of UHMWPE have positive buoyancy and do not lose their protective properties, unlike aramid fibers. However, UHMWPE is completely unsuitable for the manufacture of body armor for the army. In military conditions, there is a high probability that the bulletproof vest will come into contact with fire or hot objects. Moreover, body armor is often used as bedding. And UHMWPE, no matter what properties it has, still remains polyethylene, the maximum operating temperature of which does not exceed 90 degrees Celsius. However, UHMWPE is excellent for making police vests.

It is worth noting that a soft armor panel made of a fibrous composite is not capable of providing protection against bullets with a carbide or heat-strengthened core. The maximum that a soft fabric structure can provide is protection from pistol bullets and shrapnel. To protect against bullets from long-barreled weapons, it is necessary to use armored panels. When exposed to a bullet from a long-barreled weapon, a high concentration of energy is created in a small area, moreover, such a bullet is a sharp striking element. Soft fabrics in bags of reasonable thickness will no longer hold them. That is why it is advisable to use UHMWPE in a design with a composite base of armored panels.

The main suppliers of UHMWPE aramid fibers for ballistic products are:

• Dyneema® (DSM, Netherlands)
• Spectra® (USA)

Combined (layered) armor

Materials for body armor of the combined type are selected depending on the conditions in which the body armor will be used. NIB developers combine the materials used and use them together - thus, it was possible to significantly improve the protective properties of body armor. Textile-metal, ceramic-organoplastic and other types of combined armor are widely used today throughout the world.

The level of protection of body armor varies depending on the materials used in it. However, today not only the materials for bulletproof vests themselves play a decisive role, but also special coatings. Thanks to the advances in nanotechnology, models are already being developed whose impact resistance has been increased many times over while significantly reducing thickness and weight. This possibility arises due to the application of a special gel with nano-cleaners to the hydrophobized Kevlar, which increases the resistance of Kevlar to dynamic impact by five times. Such armor can significantly reduce the size of the body armor, while maintaining the same protection class.

Read about the classification of PPE.

Pocket for communicator (iPhone size) Carabiner included Zipper pocket for banknotes Slots for credit cards "Transparent" mesh pocket Can be attached to a belt, MOLLE platform External dimensions: 13 x 9.5 x 3 cm Pocket for communicator: 12 x 6.7 x 1.6 cm Material: 1000D Ballistic Nylon Manufacturer website: www.hazard4.com

Compartment for communicator (iPhone size) Carabiner included Belt loop Zip pocket for banknotes Credit card slots "Transparent" mesh pocket Material: 1000D Ballistic Nylon Manufacturer website: www.civilianlab.com/

Case material: metal/plastic Cord material: Kevlar mod. SDK: Cord length: 915 mm. Spring force: 370-425 gr. or 22 keys mod. HDK: Cord length: 1220 mm. Spring force: 225-285 gr. or 15 keys Fastening of keys: split ring 28 mm. Retractor attachment: nylon belt loop up to 57 mm. Protection material: ballistic nylon, smooth leather, textured leather

Case material: metal/plastic Cord material: Kevlar mod. SDK: Cord length: 915 mm. Spring force: 370-425 gr. or 22 keys mod. HDK: Cord length: 1220 mm. Spring force: 225-285 gr. or 15 keys Fastening of keys: split ring 28 mm. Retractor attachment: nylon belt loop up to 57 mm. Protection material: ballistic nylon, smooth leather, textured leather

Case material: metal/plastic Cord material: Kevlar mod. SDK: Cord length: 915 mm. Spring force: 370-425 gr. or 22 keys mod. HDK: Cord length: 1220 mm. Spring force: 225-285 gr. or 15 keys Fastening of keys: split ring 28 mm. Retractor attachment: nylon belt loop up to 57 mm. Protection material: ballistic nylon, smooth leather, textured leather

Compartment for communicator (iPhone size) Carabiner included Zip pocket for banknotes Cells for credit cards "Transparent" mesh pocket Material: 1000D Ballistic Nylon Manufacturer's website: www.civilianlab.com/

Case material: metal/plastic Cord material: Kevlar mod. SDK: Cord length: 915 mm. Spring force: 370-425 gr. or 22 keys mod. HDK: Cord length: 1220 mm. Spring force: 225-285 gr. or 15 keys Fastening of keys: split ring 28 mm. Retractor attachment: nylon belt loop up to 57 mm. Protection material: ballistic nylon, smooth leather, textured leather

Compact size Safety loop with carabiner included Zip pocket for bills Credit card slots "Transparent" mesh pocket Dimensions 11 x 8 x 1.3 cm Materials: 1000D Ballistic Nylon (black) or Invista® Cordura ® 1000D (coyote) or Kevlar ® Manufacturer website: www.hazard4.com

Multitool Gerber STRATA Tools: - Phillips screwdriver - wire cutters - ruler - scissors - bottle opener - wood saw - flat screwdriver (small) - flat screwdriver (medium) - pliers with crimping tool - pliers with wire cutters - straight blade High carbon Steel Ballistic Nylon 15.2cm Serrated Blade Box Brand GERBER Gender Unisex Age Adult Model Year 2015

Compact size Safety loop with carabiner included Zip pocket for bills Credit card slots "Transparent" mesh pocket Dimensions 11 x 8 x 1.3 cm Materials: 1000D Ballistic Nylon (black) or Invista® Cordura ® 1000D (coyote) or Kevlar ® Manufacturer website: www.hazard4.com

Slip-resistant black demi-season army boots (boots) Bates GX-8 Gore-Tex Sid Zip should be bought as a gift for an active person of any age: tactical shoes are waterproof (thanks to special leather, rubber soles and sealed seams) and are worn perfectly in conditions modern metropolis. The absence of metal parts and inserts in the design of the model makes the boots light and comfortable to wear for a long time. Slip Resistant - Shoes passed the SATRA WTM 144 slip resistance test. Non Metallic, Security Friendly - Non-metallic, does not beep on a metal detector - shoes without the use of metal inserts in the last, fittings and construction. Wolverine Warrior Leather™ - Breathable pigskin with Scotchgard™ 3M technology to protect the skin. Scotchgard is an oil based finish that protects against dirt, chemicals, oil and coloring liquids. Waterproof - Gore-Tex ® shoes are waterproof and breathable. The Gore-Tex ® lining allows you to get rid of moisture (sweat) by eliminating liquid penetration. Gore-Tex®: Guaranteed to keep moisture out. Side Zipper - Ease and speed in taking off and putting on shoes. BATES is one of the top footwear suppliers for the US Department of Defense and law enforcement agencies, in addition, the company is engaged in equipment of special forces in 80 countries, offering accumulated experience in the field of footwear production. Modern materials, proprietary technologies and strict quality control have become the key to the success of the company. The main advantage of Bates boots is that they are membrane, which means that even in the worst conditions, the feet will remain dry and warm. Bates shoes are valued for strength and durability, a high level of comfort even with prolonged wear. Material (upper) - High quality genuine leather, ballistic nylon Material (lining) - GORE-TEX ® Waterproof Material (outsole) - Non-slip Ultra-Lites Xtreme Intermediate sole - EVA Color - Black Dimension - Size to size Accessories - Lace-up

Case material: metal/plastic Cord material: Kevlar mod. SDK: Cord length: 915 mm. Spring force: 370-425 gr. or 22 keys mod. HDK: Cord length: 1220 mm. Spring force: 225-285 gr. or 15 keys Fastening of keys: split ring 28 mm. Retractor attachment: nylon belt loop up to 57 mm. Protection material: ballistic nylon, smooth leather, textured leather

dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2014-0-9-6-6

ARAMID WOVEN LAYER FOR BALLISTIC AND IMPACT PROTECTION

An aramid layered-woven material has been studied, intended for protective structures, in particular, for strengthening the fan housing of an aircraft turbojet engine, which will ensure the impenetrability of the housing in the event of a fan blade failure. The influence of the composition and structure of aramid layered woven material on its impact and ballistic resistance is considered.

Introduction

The development of aviation technology requires constant improvement of materials. The use of modern composite materials makes it possible to increase the weight and operational characteristics of products. Reducing the weight of the aircraft is of fundamental importance, since it allows to reduce fuel consumption, increase payload, i.e. the number of passengers and the volume of cargo. Aramid plastics as structural materials are characterized by low density, high strength and impact strength characteristics. Organoplastics are multifunctional materials. Depending on the composition and structure, they can be used for the manufacture of parts for various purposes - structural, electrical and radio engineering, heat-insulating, for protection against mechanical and ballistic effects.

When birds or foreign objects enter the aircraft engine, it is important that the destruction of the fan blades does not lead to damage to the aircraft airframe skins and control system. For the purpose of protection, organoplastics (Organit 6N, Organit 6NT) are used in fan cases in aircraft turbojet engines. Organoplast allows to localize the destruction zone and keep the destroyed blades inside the fan housing.

In accordance with the stricter requirements of the AP-23 norms, the motor fan housing must hold the fan blade in case of its destruction in the root section. At the same time, the secondary effects during the destruction of a blade (destruction of other blades, an increase in the rotor unbalance, a local increase in temperature) should not lead to such dangerous consequences as the occurrence of a non-localized fire, the spread of dangerous fragments outside the engine casing.

An aramid layered woven material has been developed for the fan housing retainer. The resistance of an aramid laminate to high speed impact depends primarily on the ballistic resistance of the fabric. The method of fixing the layers of fabric relative to each other is the most significant design and technological factor for ensuring the maximum implementation of the ballistic properties of the fabric in the composition of the product.

At present, in Russia and abroad, extensive experience has been gained in using fabrics made from high-strength aramid fibers (SVM, Rusar, Kevlar, Tvaron) for the manufacture of unloaded protective structures (body armor, armored panels of cars, etc.).

It is known that with a decrease in the linear density of elementary fibers (filaments), the ballistic resistance of fabrics increases. According to the developers of fabrics made from microfilament threads, it is the small diameter of the filaments, combined with the chemical structure of the polymer, that allows the threads to withstand significant bending stresses without breaking and provide high ballistic characteristics of the fabric.

When selecting a reinforcement for an aramid laminate for a fan casing retainer, in addition to ballistic resistance, the corrosion safety of the aramid fabric against metals is an important requirement. Corrosion safety is the most important characteristic aviation materials. Corrosion-hazardous (corrosive-active) are materials that can release into external environment acidic or alkaline products that cause corrosion. Corrosive activity is assessed by the acidity of the material, expressed using a hydrogen index - the pH of the water extract, as well as the concentration of Cl "and SO 4 ² ions in the water extract of the crushed material sample. For aviation materials, the pH of the water extract should be in the range of 6-7; the content of Cl ions "should not exceed 0.02%; ions SO 4 ² - up to 0.05%. The ballistic fabrics made of neutral aramid threads developed by CJSC "KShF "Advanced Textile Worker" meet these requirements. The purpose of this work is to study the characteristics of aramid layered woven material depending on its composition, structure and technological methods used in its manufacture.

Materials and methods

To reinforce the aramid layered woven material, a fabric made of neutral domestic aramid fiber was chosen. The fabric has high ballistic resistance, increased resistance to moisture absorption, including due to water-repellent impregnation. The fabric has high technological properties (high dimensional stability of the textile structure and flexibility) and can be used to manufacture products by winding.

The layers of aramid laminated material for the fan housing retainer must be fixed relative to each other in order to prevent their displacement during operation and to ensure the operability of the product. The polymeric material for connecting fabric layers must have high adhesion and chemical and technological compatibility with aramid fibers.

To connect the layers of aramid fabric, adhesives of two brands were used - VKR-27 and VK-3. The advantage of VKR-27 glue is its ability to cure at room temperature. A feature of this glue is that it should be applied to the fabric directly when winding the product, i.e., use "wet" winding in the manufacture of the product. Glue VK-3 - glue of hot curing. The advantage of this adhesive is the ability to manufacture prepregs based on it (by pre-applying to aramid fabric), which can be used in the manufacture of products using the "dry" winding method. Adhesives VKR-27 and VK-3 make it possible to realize the ballistic properties of fabric in the composition of aramid layered woven material. Technological characteristics adhesives allow their local dosed application to the reinforcing filler during the manufacture of the product by the method of "wet" (glue VKR-27) or "dry" winding (glue VK-3).

Adhesives VKR-27 and VK-3 have a high stickiness, which eliminates the possibility of layers shifting during the manufacture of the product by winding. It is important that when using these adhesives, it is possible to locally dose them on the surface of the tissue to create local zones of fixation of the tissue layers relative to each other.

The area and nature of the distribution of zones of fixation of layers of aramid fabric can affect the weight characteristics and ballistic resistance of the aramid layered woven material. To identify these regularities, the influence of the method of fixing fabric layers (connection of fabric layers over the entire surface, local connections of different areas) on the ballistic characteristics of aramid layered woven material was studied and the properties of such material were evaluated at different locations of local zones of layer fixation.

To study the effect of fixation methods on the ballistic resistance of an aramid layered woven material, we applied polymer material on aramid fabric in various ways (Fig. 1):

Uniform application of the polymer material over the entire surface of the fabric (100% of the fabric surface);

Local application in the form of strips 5-20 mm wide, occupying from 10 to 50% of the fabric surface.

Figure 1. Uniform application of glue over the entire surface of the fabric ( A) and local application of glue in the form of strips 5-20 mm wide, occupying from 10 to 50% of the fabric surface ( b)

During local application, the location of the zones for applying adhesive strips to the surface of the fabric was varied: parallel to the warp threads of the fabric or at an angle to the warp threads.

Ballistic tests of samples of aramid layered-woven material were carried out on samples with a size of 240×240 mm and a thickness of 4.5-5.4 mm. Ballistic impact was carried out with a steel ball weighing 1 g, Ø6.35 mm from a ballistic barrel with a caliber of 7 mm according to GOST RV8470-001-2008 with the definition of u 50 - speed
50% non-penetration (the speed of the ball at which the probability of not penetrating the obstacle is 50%).

Tests for high-speed impact of samples of aramid layered-woven material were carried out with a striker (steel cylinder weighing 20 g, Ø14 mm, length 17 mm). To disperse the drummer in the gun barrel, shells were used, which are thin-walled glass-reinforced plastic cups Ø39.8 mm with a wall thickness of 1 mm. At the bottom of the glass there is a mate Ø14 mm and a length of 7 mm to hold the drummer. A round plate of textolite 2 mm thick is pressed inside the bottom of the sleeve to strengthen it. To capture the sleeve, a trap was installed in front of the sample in the form of a massive washer Ø70 mm and a through hole Ø25 mm. Upon impact with the trap, the cylindrical part of the shell was broken into small fragments, its rear, most massive, part was delayed in the trap, and the cylindrical striker continued to fly at the same speed towards the sample. The test setup and the view of the sample after impact testing are shown in fig. 2.

Figure 2. Test setup ( A) and sample type ( b) aramid laminate after high-speed impact

The following parameters were used as a criterion for evaluating the resistance of an aramid laminated material to high-speed impact:

Impactor speed in front of and behind the sample;

Residual convexity of the specimen after impact.

results

In table. Figure 1 shows the results of the ballistic tests of samples of aramid layered woven material, which differ in the size of the fixation area of ​​the fabric layers relative to each other and in the nature of the distribution of the fixation zones in the volume of the material.

Table 1

Ballistic Resistance of Aramid Laminate Samples

depending on the methods of fixing the layers of tissue

* The ballistic coefficient is calculated as the ratio of the u 50 of the aramid laminate to the u 50 of the fabric pack.

It has been established that with a decrease in the area of ​​the fixation zones (local connection) from 100 to 10%, the realization of the ballistic resistance of the fabric increases from 0.89 to 0.97, therefore, in order to realize high ballistic characteristics of the fabric and reduce the weight of the product, it is advisable to use a local connection of the fabric layers.

The results of tests for resistance to high-speed impact of samples of aramid laminated woven material with local connection layers are presented in table. 2.

table 2

Durability of Aramid Laminate Fabric Prototypes

to high speed impact

* Samples of aramid laminate and aramid fabric bag contain the same number of layers.

As a result of the research, it was found that in terms of resistance to high-speed impact, prototypes of aramid layered woven material are not inferior to the package of the original reinforcing filler. When conducting tests, the results of the experiment are greatly influenced by the position of the striker when it comes into contact with the sample: the most severe conditions of impact occur when the striker is struck by the edge.

Local fixation of the layers of the layered-woven material provides a mechanical connection between the layers, but does not rigidly fix all the reinforcing fibers, which makes it possible to ensure high resistance of such a material to impact due to its ability to large deformations and absorption of impact energy by friction arising between individual fibers.

Discussion and Conclusions

The ballistic resistance of the laminated material is affected by the nature of the distribution of the fixation zones. Samples of layered-woven material with a more uniform distribution of fixation zones in the volume of the material, with a displacement of the zones relative to each other along the thickness of the material, have the highest ballistic resistance.

The high resistance of the aramid layered woven material to impact and ballistic impacts makes it possible to consider these materials as promising for the manufacture of protective structures of various types - retaining devices for the fan housing of turbojet engines, panels, partitions, ensuring the safety of aircraft structures in emergency situations (destruction of mechanisms, ballistic damage bullets and fragments of explosive devices).

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There are several distributors worldwide offering Kevlar ballistic fabric. There are several types of fabric, thick and thin. The fabric used in the Interceptor system (US military, Afghan/Iraqi forces) consists of 30-34 layers of a very thin type of Kevlar fabric. I have been unable to confirm this, but I believe 12 layers of "thicker" Kevlar is equivalent to line IIIA. I was unable to purchase that specific fabric (thin version) but managed to find a Chinese, European and American distributor for other brands. Other fabric variations of Kevlar are significantly thicker than Interceptor Kevlar and thus require fewer layers to create level IIIA protection. Illinois describes the fabric I ended up buying (sold directly from a distributor or through a distributors ebay account):

Seller: Infinity, Location: www.armorco.com

Kevlar® 29 Style 745 Bullet Resistant Fabric. It is made from DuPont(TM) Aramid Yarn and woven into a fabric at weaving looms. It is used primarily in the Security & Personal Protection Markets. It can be found and used in many personal protection applications including but not limited to: Bullet Resistant Vests, Automotive Armor, Cabin Door Armor, Bullet Resistant Panels and many non-ballistic Industrial uses.

SPECIFICATION: Fabric Specs: Weight: 14 oz. Sq.yd... Width: 50" Width... Denier: 3000... Weave: Plain... Thickness: 24.1 (mils) 0.61 (mm)... Tensile Strength: Length & Width Specifications (Length ): 1600 (lbf/in) (Width): 1800 (lbf/in)... Thread count: 17 x 17

Kevlar can be sewn into multiple plies and is not needle resistant, it can be glued using a polyurethane based adhesive, it can also be used with Epoxy resins and vacuum bagged in fissile applications. KEVLAR FABRIC - It is perfectly legal to own, possess, transport or ship Bullet Resistant Kevlar fabric in all 50 US states and the EU. As such; anyone can legally buy Kevlar ballistic fabric and create/sew their own level IIIA armor.

End note: Obviously, it takes multiple plies/layers of this fabric to make something bullet resistant. I strongly suggest buying Kevlar Shears from the same place as normal shears won't do the job properly.

I purchased the following ballistic material from one supplier: infinityfrp.com or their affiliate: armorco.com (10 yards/9 meters of Kevlar fabric) and infinitycomposites.com or their affiliate: armorco.com (flexible level Kevlar IIIA compound plate)

I bought 1 flexible composite plate with a black rubber delamination measuring aprox: 1.4 x 1.4 meters. I told them to cut it into 4 pieces to reduce the shipping cost from 600 USD to 150 USD. Complex plate price: aprox 700 USD.

I also bought 10 yards ($35 per yard) of Kevlar ballistic fabric. You actually get a lot more fabric than a square yard since the fabric is 1.27 meters wide and comes on a roll. 8 yards was enough for 4 layers of DAPS (Delto Guard + Underarm Guard) Reinforcement/Rise, Ballistic Belt/Belt (Hip and Butt Protector - 12 layers), 2 Knee Guards (14 layers) and 2 Boot Guards (12 layers)

Nylon die fabric (for die camo dyed ballistic outer pouches)

You will often find that you are only able to purchase camo colored points when you need to color the points black. I made the mistake of importing “black splatter-on-paint” from the UK, which turned out to be worthless. Keep in mind that all body armor Kevlar hard shells/pouches are made from nylon which do not absorb normal water based fabric dye intended for cotton based fabric. You will have to choose one of two following options in order to dye the nylon fabric:

1. Buy a specialized nylon die that is applied through a hand wash or machine was process. This process can be quite messy.

2. Simply buy large permanent markers (spirit based) and order extra refills.

I chose option 2. And due to the fact that I failed to plan the paint phase properly, I ended up buying 12 large black permanent markers (spirit based). 12 markers were enough to stain 6 items (1 vest, 4 pieces of DAPS, 2 axillary + 2 deltoid protection outer pouches and a few other small pieces. 12 permanent markers retail for 112 euros. If you plan accordingly, you only need to order 1 in a large black permanent marker + an addendum that will cost you 20 euros.