Can you drink isopropyl alcohol? Technical isopropyl alcohol: composition, formula, application. Isopropyl alcohol: useful and dangerous properties

Chemicals are widely used not only in industry, but also in everyday life. They exist great amount. The most common is isopropyl alcohol. The product can be found under other names - propanol-2 or isopropanol, or IPA.

IPS properties

Technical and purified isopropyl alcohol is colorless. The smell of the liquid is sharp, more saturated compared to ethyl. For its freezing, a temperature of 89.5 degrees is required. Isopropanol should not be stored or used near open flames or heating equipment. When interacting with air, its vapors in high concentrations can form an explosive mixture. Important features IPS are:

good solubility in benzene and acetone;
the ability to form ethers;
miscibility with water and organic solvents;
the presence of a chemical reaction when interacting with active metals;
ability to dissolve resins natural origin and some synthetic analogues, most of the oils.

Isopropyl alcohol should not be inhaled in large quantities or ingested. Its toxic properties can cause serious poisoning. The use of such alcohol, as a rule, does not lead to death. It intoxicates a person ten times stronger and faster than its ethyl counterpart. Therefore, it is almost impossible to take a lethal dose. In contact with the skin, isopropanol causes redness and irritation. In a state of vapor, he has a narcotic effect.

Common Applications

Most industrial companies sell this product barrels. The online store of PSPROFF LLC is a platform, it is possible in half-liter and liter bottles or in canisters with a volume of 5-20 liters. The offer may be of interest to motorists, manufacturers of various fields of activity.

The main areas of application of isopropanol are industrial, chemical, perfume industries. The low cost and properties that combine a lot of useful qualities allow the use of such alcohol:

In the production of auto chemicals. IPSA does not freeze in natural conditions. It is added to antifreeze, gasoline, glass cleaners in order to lower the freezing threshold.
For disinfection. Isopropanol in the form of a 60-70% solution is used in medicine for processing instruments, making tampons, and cleaning hands.
In the production of chemical reagents. Isopropanol is the basis for the industrial production of acetone and isopropylbenzene.
For analysis and conservation. In pharmacology, it is necessary for chromatography. Also, this alcohol is used for preservation instead of formaldehyde.
In the manufacture of household chemicals and perfumery products. In the first case, alcohol enhances the properties of other components, and in the second, it provides a stable smell.
When servicing electrical systems and components. Isopropanol is suitable for cleaning metal products, including fiber optic products.

In everyday life, the product in question is used quite often. Technical alcohol of this sample is less toxic than special solvents. It helps to get rid of glue, paints and other difficult contaminants from the surfaces of woven fabrics, wood, metal, glass, cardboard and paper. If necessary, isopropanol can be combined with ethanol to make a more powerful disinfectant or oil cleaner.

Isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol) is used in many industries industrial production. It is also used in medicine as an external agent. But can you drink isopropyl alcohol? This question interests many people. Is this substance dangerous? Will its ingestion lead to poisoning? Let's try to figure it out.

Description of the substance

Before answering the question of whether they drink isopropyl alcohol, consider the composition of this chemical compound.

Isopropanol appears as a clear, colorless liquid. It has a stronger odor than ethanol. The formula of isopropyl alcohol is C 3 H 8 O. This substance belongs to aliphatic compounds that do not contain a benzene ring. Chemically, isopropanol is the simplest monohydric alcohol.

Isopropyl alcohol contains: chemical elements:

carbon;
hydrogen;
oxygen.

The oxygen and hydrogen in this compound form one hydroxyl group (OH) bonded to the carbon atom.

Properties

Isopropanol has a low density but is less volatile than ethanol. A large concentration of its vapors can cause intoxication. At a temperature of +80 degrees, alcohol boils. Mixed with air, this compound is flammable and may explode. If you heat alcohol to a temperature of +450 degrees, the liquid can ignite spontaneously.

Isopropyl alcohol is easily oxidized to acetone. It is a powerful solvent and mixes well with water. Exposure to ethanol can damage rubber products. completely soluble in this alcohol. essential oils and resin.

Isopropanol is very similar in properties and smell to ethanol. This similarity provokes some drinkers to take inside this liquid with the smell of alcohol. However, when asked whether it is possible to drink isopropyl alcohol, doctors give an unambiguous negative answer. Even vapors of this substance in high concentrations can cause poisoning, not to mention the ingestion of alcohol.

There are times when a person mistakenly drinks unfamiliar alcohol. However, it is very easy to distinguish this compound from spirits. The alcohol smell of isopropanol is much stronger than that of ethanol.

Production and sale

The feedstock for the production of isopropyl is propylene. Alcohol is obtained as a result of the hydration reaction in two ways:

Direct hydration method. High purity propylene is used for the reaction. Under pressure, it is combined with water. Catalysts are used to speed up the process. As a result of hydration, absolute isopropyl alcohol is obtained. This quality product, having a degree of purification of more than 90%.
indirect hydration. In this way, technical isopropyl alcohol is obtained. It has a lower degree of purification than the absolute product. Propylene and sulfuric acid are used for the reaction. As a result of the interaction of these ingredients, not only alcohol is formed, but also various esters.

How many degrees is isopropyl alcohol? On sale you can find absolute isopropanol. Its strength is 99.7%. This substance is used only as a solvent or cleaner, it is not intended for ingestion. The price of isopropyl alcohol is from 150 to 300 rubles per 1 liter.

Also on sale there is a drug intended for cleaning office equipment. This substance is subjected to more thorough processing, all harmful impurities are removed from it. Such a compound is produced under the name "Professional or rectified isopropyl alcohol". Its price is much higher - from 700 to 1100 rubles for 0.5 - 1 liter.

Industrial use

As already mentioned, this alcohol is widely used in various fields industry. Isopropanol is used in the manufacture of the following types of products:

perfumery and cosmetic products;
acetone;
paints and varnishes;
external medicines;
antifreezes;
resins;
electronic parts (for cleaning);
aviation gasoline;
printed matter(for hydration).

It is important to note that the use of isopropyl alcohol in Food Industry not allowed. This compound belongs to low toxicity, but can still cause intoxication. He was assigned the 3rd hazard class. This means that the substance is moderately toxic. Therefore, such alcohol cannot be used in food production.

Medical use

Only local application of isopropyl alcohol in medical practice is allowed. This compound has disinfectant properties. It is used for the following purposes:

for skin treatment before injection;
for application to a cotton swab (in the treatment of otitis externa);
as an impregnation for medical wipes.

Thus, we see that in medicine this substance is used only as an external agent. Its use for internal reception is not provided.

Can you drink high purity isopropyl alcohol? This question is sometimes asked by people who are addicted to alcohol. Doctors give a negative answer. For humans, even very high-quality and purified isopropanol is extremely toxic. The danger of this substance lies not in the presence of impurities, but in the negative effects of alcohol on the body.

Danger

When isopropyl alcohol enters the body, about 15% of this substance is converted to acetone. It is this connection that poses the main danger. It leads to severe intoxication with damage to many organs.

In addition, isopropanol is much more depressant of the central nervous system than ethanol. It quickly causes severe intoxication. 10 mg of isopropyl alcohol is equal in effect on the body to 100 g of ethanol. In order to get severe intoxication, it is enough to take not a large number of this connection.

That is why doctors answer the question in the negative: "Can I drink isopropyl alcohol?" Even a small dose of such a substance can become a potent poison for the body. In many cases, intoxication can develop even when alcohol vapor is inhaled.

Ways of poisoning

How does isopropanol toxicity occur? This substance can enter the body in the following ways:

Through the mouth. Usually people suffering from a severe form of alcohol dependence are poisoned in this way. They use isopropanol as a substitute for alcohol. Also, an admixture of isopropanol may be contained in low-quality vodka made by handicraft. In very rare cases, small children are poisoned with this alcohol if the container with the substance was left in a place accessible to the child.
Through the respiratory organs. Poisoning occurs when high concentrations of vapors are inhaled, especially in confined spaces.

When taken orally, a dose of about 15 mg of pure alcohol is toxic. But even with less isopropanol ingested, severe indigestion with diarrhea can occur.

Mechanism of intoxication

Let us consider in more detail the effect of isopropanol on the body. Poisoning with this alcohol develops in several stages:

Alcohol is absorbed into the walls of the stomach and enters the bloodstream.
About 80 - 90% of the compound is neutralized in the liver.
In small quantities, unchanged alcohol leaves the body with exhaled air and urine.
About 10 - 20% of isopropanol remains in the bloodstream and is converted to acetone.
The level of ketone bodies in the blood rises sharply. Acetone affects the tissues of the kidneys, brain and liver.

Toxic substances leave the body on their own only 7-8 hours after drinking alcohol. During this time, acetone has a negative effect on various organs.

Vapor poisoning

When working with isopropanol, it is recommended to wear a protective mask and ventilate the room. This alcohol is highly volatile. Inhalation of its vapors irritates the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs and eyes. In addition, isopropyl alcohol sharply depresses the central nervous system. Intoxication is accompanied by the following symptoms:

headache;
nausea;
pain in the eyes;
cough;
pain when swallowing;
lethargy, weakness, or a feeling of intoxication.

Ingestion

What happens if you drink isopropyl alcohol? The ingestion of this substance into the gastrointestinal tract leads to the following symptoms:

The first signs of poisoning are similar to the picture of ordinary intoxication. A person develops dizziness, impaired balance and coordination of movements. Speech becomes slurred and incomprehensible to others. At the same time, intoxication is much more pronounced than with the use of ordinary alcoholic beverages with ethanol.
A characteristic sign of intoxication is the smell of acetone from the mouth.
Then the person has a headache, severe weakness and drowsiness. Double vision appears, as in severe alcohol intoxication.
There is a feeling of heaviness and discomfort in the abdomen, as well as in the liver and kidneys. The person complains of severe pain in the legs.
When taking a large amount of isopropanol, there are signs of respiratory depression. Weakens cardiac activity. The patient's pulse becomes rare, blood pressure drops to critical numbers. Seizures occur. When taking a large dose of alcohol, a person can fall into a coma. Often, kidney failure develops, as acetone affects the nephrons.

The lethal dose of isopropanol is 250 mg. Death occurs due to respiratory and heart failure.

First aid

If a person has been poisoned by isopropanol vapor or has taken alcohol inside, it is necessary to call ambulance. Treatment of intoxication is carried out in a hospital.

Before the arrival of doctors, it is necessary to provide the patient with first aid:

It is necessary to wash the stomach with a solution of baking soda. The person is given a large amount of liquid to drink and then vomits. This will help to remove the rest of the poison from the digestive tract.
Enterosorbents should be given to the patient: "Smecta", "Polysorb", "Activated carbon", "Enterosgel".
If the patient vomits, then it is necessary to lay him on his side. This will prevent inhalation of vomit.
It is necessary to unbutton the collar and free the person from tight clothing. This will help make breathing easier.
If the patient is poisoned by alcohol vapor, then you need to open the windows so that fresh air enters the room.

Possible consequences

Even if a person was helped in time and carried out all the necessary therapeutic measures, the long-term consequences of intoxication cannot be completely excluded. Poisoning can have an extremely negative effect on the condition internal organs and provoke the occurrence of the following pathologies:

gastritis and ulcerative processes of the stomach;
toxic nephrosis of the kidneys;
cirrhosis of the liver;
dysfunction of the endocrine glands;
residual neurological disorders (periodic headaches, coordination disorders, paralysis);
bronchitis and asthma (with vapor poisoning).

All this suggests that isopropyl alcohol should not be ingested. This can lead not only to dangerous intoxication, but also to disability against the background of severe complications.

Isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol, IPA, dimethicarbinol, 2-propanol) is a colorless liquid chemical compound with a characteristic odor of a mixture of alcohol and acetone. At low temperatures, it acquires a viscous consistency. It is designated by the molecular formula C3H8O. According to the chemical characteristics - a secondary alcohol of the aliphatic series.

The physical and chemical properties of the substance determined the scope of its application and precautions:

soluble in ether, chloroform, alcohol-containing products;
when interacting with oxidizing metals, it easily turns into acetone;
when burned, it decomposes into carbon dioxide and water;
freezing point of 100% alcohol -90 °C;
mixes well with water - the more alcohol in the solution, the lower the freezing point.

The substance was first obtained in 1920 by processing petroleum products. Now industrial production is carried out in several ways, most often using the hydration process - the combination of water and propylene. The degree of purity of the final substance depends on the production method and type of raw material.

Technical grades are used for technical purposes, pure (or absolute) with the content of the main component from 99% - for medical and cosmetic purposes.

physical characteristics

The volatility of the substance is much higher than that of water. This is due to its low density, which is 0.79 g/cm3. Its boiling starts at 83°C, and spontaneous combustion occurs at 450°C.

If the concentration of isopropanol exceeds 2.5%, it becomes explosive. Low temperature reduces its viscosity. At -70 ° C, the substance takes on a liquid form.

Another characteristic property of isopropanol is the ability to dissolve in benzene and acetone.

Chemical characteristics

When reacted with heated copper or chromic acid, isopropanol is converted to acetone. During this process, the hydrogen molecule is split off from the alcohol.

Because isopropanol is a solvent, it easily damages rubber and plastic products. It has the ability to react with metals such as potassium.

Getting isopropyl alcohol

The scale of production of isopropanol is millions of tons per year. For the industrial production of isopropyl alcohol, water and propylene are used (hydration reaction). Distinguish between direct and indirect hydration. Indirect hydration is actively used in the USA. It uses raw materials of poor quality.

Direct hydration, for which highly purified propylene is used, is used in Europe.

By indirect hydration is understood such interaction of sulfuric acid and propylene, in which a mixture of esters is formed. Hydrolysis of these compounds using steam leads to the release of isopropyl alcohol. This also releases diisopropyl ether. It is a by-product and then also used to produce isopropyl alcohol.

With direct hydration, the reaction of water and propylene occurs with the participation of catalysts. It runs under high pressure. This reaction gives a higher quality alcohol with a purity of more than 90 percent. The result is isopropyl alcohol absolute.

Distillation is used to separate alcohol from water and other reaction products. Initially, a mixture is formed, consisting of 88 percent alcohol and 12 percent water. Such alcohol is called wet. To obtain a pure product, the azeotropic distillation method is used, for which cyclohexane and other compounds are used.

In the production of isopropyl alcohol, it is necessary to comply with the standards regulated in accordance with GOST 9805 84: isopropyl alcohol, specifications.

Interaction

The drug interaction of the substance is not described. When used locally, alcohol does not interact with other agents.

Properties of isopropyl alcohol

Isopropyl alcohol refers to simple monohydric alcohols, its other names are isopropanol, dimethylcarbinol. It is an organic substance that is a clear, colorless liquid. The smell of isopropyl alcohol is similar to ethyl alcohol, but more pronounced.

The composition of isopropyl alcohol is the atoms: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen. Chemical formula CH3CH(OH)CH3. The density of isopropyl alcohol as a liquid is 785 kg/m3.

This property of similarity with alcohol is captivating for those who are not indifferent to alcohol, it provokes its use, especially in production conditions, where it is the most accessible in its pure form.

Isopropyl alcohol differs from ethyl alcohol in that this substance is less volatile than ethanol, but when stored in a leaky container, it creates a high concentration of vapors. When it reaches 10 mg per 1 cubic meter of air in industrial premises, isopropanol fumes pose a risk of intoxication.

The maximum allowable content in the atmosphere is 0.6/m3. Intoxication also occurs as a result of ingestion, however, due to the rapid decomposition and excretion of isopropanol from the body, serious consequences are extremely rare. The main toxic agent for the body is acetone, which is formed during the decomposition of isopropanol.

How is isopropanol harmful to human health?

Once in the body, regardless of the method, isopropanol has a triple effect: intoxicating, like alcohol, toxic, narcotic. Intoxication occurs faster and stronger than during alcohol intake: 10 ml of the drunk substance is equivalent to 100 ml of pure ethanol.

If the amount drunk reaches 40-50 ml in an adult, there is a threat to health, and a dose of about 300 ml can be fatal. For children, this number is two to three times less, depending on age.

Intoxication develops as follows. Having entered the liver with blood flow, isopropanol is decomposed by the liver cell enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, turning into acetone. It has a toxic effect on the liver, kidneys, cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as an intoxicating effect.

The narcotic effect of isopropanol is 2 times stronger than ethyl, it sharply depresses the central nervous system, depressing the sensitive, motor spheres, leads to a state of stupor, coma, and in large doses can cause death.

You can also get poisoned by the vapors of the substance. This can happen if the substance was spilled inside enclosed space, and a person inhaled vapors of a toxic substance for a long time. Vapors of isopropanol cause damage to the eyes and respiratory tract.

Can you drink isopropyl alcohol?

Some believe that this alcohol can be drunk, believing that only its amount, equivalent to alcohol in intoxicating effect, should be observed. This is a deep and dangerous delusion.

And regular use of this substance will inevitably lead to serious health disorders. Therefore, the question of whether it is possible to drink it instead of alcohol is rhetorical, because the answer is clear and unequivocal - it is impossible.

What happens if you drink a substance

When taken internally, isopropanol has harmful effect almost all organs and systems.

In the first hours, the gastrointestinal tract takes the blow, its mucous membrane is irritated - its swelling, burn areas and even defects occur. Moving through the intestines, isopropanol inactivates digestive enzymes and inhibits beneficial microflora.

Being absorbed into the bloodstream, it enters the liver through the portal vein and increases the load on the liver cells, which neutralize it. Toxic hepatitis, liver failure may develop. 20% of unchanged alcohol enters the kidneys, affecting the renal tubules. In addition, acetone, absorbed into the blood from the liver, is also eventually excreted by the kidneys, exerting a toxic effect on them.

The whole organism is affected as a whole, because acetone disrupts the acid-base balance to the acid side, acidosis develops and, as a result, metabolic disorders in all tissues and organs.

When vapors are inhaled, the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, bronchi, and then the pulmonary alveoli are affected.

There is their edema, impaired respiratory function. From the alveoli of the lungs, dissolving in water, the vapors penetrate into the bloodstream, exerting a general toxic effect.

The harm and danger of isopronol for the nervous system that has entered the human body in any way is that it first affects the cerebral cortex, intoxication occurs, and at a high dose and parts of the base of the brain, vital centers - blood circulation, respiration are inhibited.

The toxic effects of isopropanol on the body

Since alcohol is toxic and has a strong odor, it should only be used in well-ventilated areas. Under no circumstances should the substance be used internally. This can lead to such unpleasant consequences:

severe poisoning;
anaphylactic shock;
death.

Isopropyl alcohol belongs to the third class of toxicity (moderately toxic). When working with him, you must exercise maximum caution. Once inside, 15% isopropyl alcohol turns into acetone. This causes acetonuria, which is manifested by the following symptoms:

the smell of acetone from the mouth and in the urine;
intestinal disorders, vomiting with a characteristic odor of acetone;
pale skin;
severe weakness;
temperature increase.

Isopropanol intoxication

Substance intoxication can occur for a number of reasons. The most dangerous of them is the use of isopropyl alcohol instead of alcohol. Since it is cheaper, people who abuse alcohol try to save money by putting their lives in great danger. At best, this will end with a burn of the mucous membrane, pain, disability, at worst - death.

Often, poisoning by a substance occurs as a result of its ingestion through the skin or respiratory organs. Even in this case, isopropanol is well absorbed into the blood and the person becomes ill. A dangerous dose is considered to be 15 grams, resulting in severe headaches, weakness, vomiting, increased pressure, and stomach pain.

The first thing to do in this case is to call an ambulance.

In order to prevent isopropanol poisoning, it is strongly recommended:

thoroughly ventilate the room where alcohol is stored;
keep the substance out of the reach of children;
use isopropanol only for its intended purpose.

The likelihood of chronic isopropyl alcohol poisoning is very low because it does not accumulate in the body.

Symptoms of poisoning and first aid for intoxication

With internal use, the following symptoms develop:

Alcohol intoxication syndrome - a violation of orientation, balance, emotional sphere;
Increased drowsiness and depression, replacing intoxication;
headache, tinnitus, dizziness;
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain;
Pain behind the sternum, lowering blood pressure, increased heart rate;
Decreased vision: fog before the eyes, double vision.

Manifestations when inhaling vapors:

Feeling of sore throat;
lacrimation;
Runny nose, cough;
Difficulty breathing;
Blueness of the skin;
With a massive impact, respiratory arrest is possible.

Symptoms

Signs of poisoning that occur when a toxin is ingested may indicate damage to a specific organ. The digestive system, brain, heart and blood vessels most often suffer. In addition, the destruction of muscle fibers is possible.

Initial symptoms of poisoning appear within 30 minutes and include the following:

the smell of acetone from the oral cavity;
vomiting containing blood impurities;
painful syndromes in the abdomen;
increased motor activity;
pain symptoms in the head;
dizziness.

With severe intoxication, other manifestations are possible:

speech disorder;
temperature drop;
increase in blood pressure;
fainting state;
coma.

If these signs are present, the victim must be urgently hospitalized.

First aid

The victim must immediately call an ambulance.

Steps to take to help:

If the person is conscious, gastric lavage with normal drinking water room temperature;
induce vomiting;
Give a laxative and any sorbent (activated carbon, phosphalugel, enterosgel, polysorb);
You can give a warm drink or a rehydrating solution (glucosolan, rehydron and other analogues);
When inhaling vapors, it is necessary to provide an influx of fresh air and, if possible, inhale oxygen through a moistened cloth.

Diagnostics

Poisoning with isopropanol is established on the basis of anamnesis, clinical picture and the results of a biochemical blood test and a clinical urine test for the content of a toxic substance.

In order not to damage the respiratory organs, you should use a gas mask. For the safety of the room in which work with alcohol takes place, it is regularly ventilated. An automatic signaling device is placed in the room, notifying about the excess of the concentration of alcohol vapor in the air.

Containers with alcohol should be kept away from fire or sources that can spark. It is a flammable liquid.

If isopropyl alcohol for some reason got inside, it quickly begins its destructive effect.

It can enter the human body:

Through the skin.
Through the mouth.
As a result of inhalation of vapours.

In any of these three cases, the body suffers. Due to the high absorption of alcohol, even through the skin quickly penetrates into the blood, a person becomes ill.

What are the symptoms of isopropyl alcohol poisoning?

In case of poisoning, a person experiences:

Severe headache.
Vomit.
Weakness.

Vomiting occurs due to the ingestion (accidental or special) of a poisonous liquid. The walls of the stomach are literally corroded by the action of alcohol components, and this provokes aspiration of vomit.

If a person inhaled vapors or ingested this liquid, then, in addition to nausea and vomiting, he will suffer from:

headache;
pain in the eyes due to damage to the mucous membrane (if a person inhaled vapors);
pain in the stomach;
disorders in the work of the intestines;
intoxication;
depression of the nervous system.

Such a negligent attitude to one's health spoils the life of not only the drinker, but also his family members, friends and loved ones.

If a person who has taken isopropanol has lost consciousness, it is urgent to call an ambulance. In this case, you can’t hesitate, because the count goes on for minutes. Loss of consciousness may be due to a sharp drop in pressure, which creates the possibility of coma.

Seeing a drunk person in the house, you need to find out what he drank, because the use of isopropyl alcohol can lead to such a state. The intoxicating effect occurs after taking a small dose (30-40 ml of liquid is enough). This is another reason why people who are weak to alcohol buy this particular type of alcohol. Its intoxicating effect is 10 times greater than that of ethanol. And it lasts longer.

If you take this substance little by little, then death may not occur, but this is a matter of time.

With the penetration of fluid into the body, pathological changes begin to occur in it:

Decomposition of alcohol constituents, resulting in acetone.
Destruction of the liver (cirrhosis).
Breathing problems (difficulty).
Problems with the kidneys (they work in an enhanced mode, removing acetone from the body), kidney failure develops.
Allergy to isopropylene.
Chemical burns of the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach.
Gastritis in the acute stage.
Violation of the function of the heart muscle (arrhythmia).
Low blood pressure.

These serious consequences should alert everyone who has at least once tried to ingest this poison.

In case of poisoning, the victim should receive medical assistance in the first minutes.

What you can do at home while waiting for an ambulance:

It is necessary to give the patient to drink in large quantities.
Add activated charcoal to the water (it helps to eliminate toxins).
If a person is tormented by severe vomiting, and he is so weak that he cannot stand, he should be laid on his side. This will prevent choking with vomit.
Nothing should interfere with breathing, so the collar or tight clothing should be unbuttoned.
In the room, open all windows or vents for ventilation.

Treatment of intoxication due to the use of isopropanol should take place in a hospital under the supervision of a doctor and with his help.

Pharmacies sell several types of alcohols used for medical purposes, but none of them is intended for ingestion. Each of them has instructions for use, which should be a guide to action in case of health problems.

Treatment

In the hospital, symptomatic treatment is carried out:

Stabilization of well-being

In order to stabilize the activity of the affected organs, a glucose solution with ascorbic acid and vitamin PP is introduced. Intravenous administration of saline and sodium bicarbonate will help restore the disturbed acid-base balance. In severe cases, hemodialysis (artificial kidney) is needed to remove toxic substances from the body.

Poison elimination

To eliminate poison from the body are used:

diuretics;
laxatives;
enterosorbents;
cleansing enemas.

More intensive measures include transfusions of blood and plasma replacement fluids, as well as hemodialysis.

Specific neutralization of the poison is possible with the help of an antidote.

Antidote

Ethanol is used as an antidote to remove isopropyl alcohol from the body.

Symptomatic treatment

To eliminate pathological symptoms can be used:

antihypertensive drugs;
steroid hormonal preparations;
respiratory analeptics;
caffeine.

Severe pain syndrome may cause the appointment of painkillers.

Consequences of misuse and safety measures

Preventive measures include proper storage of household chemicals - in places inaccessible to children, sanitary control of production facilities using isopropanol, as well as not using it as a substitute for alcoholic beverages.

Careless use of isopropanol - its accidental or deliberate use can lead to severe disorders:

Insufficiency of the function of organs - the cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys;
The development of coma with a high risk of death;
Development of pulmonary edema, respiratory arrest;
Severe damage to the central nervous system with the development of paralysis.

More distant consequences may manifest themselves in the formation of:

gastroduodenitis;
peptic ulcer;
Chronic spastic bronchitis and asthma;
Fatty hepatosis;
Toxic nephrosis of the kidneys;
Violation of the function of the endocrine and reproductive systems;
cirrhosis of the liver;
Psychoneurological disorders.

Toxicology

Isopropanol negatively affects the human body. If it comes into contact with the skin, it causes irritation. When ingested, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, depression and even coma can occur.

The following adverse events may also occur:

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Gastrointestinal disorders.
An increase in blood pressure.
Gastritis.
Decreased heart rate.

This substance has the greatest effect on the nervous system. Cases of such serious consequences of poisoning as necrosis of skeletal muscles are also known.

The penetration of alcohol into the body can occur due to inhalation, absorption into the skin, ingestion. A dose of 15 grams of this alcohol for an adult is considered dangerous.

Poisoning by ingestion sometimes occurs in children. In this case, the case, as a rule, does not reach a lethal outcome. When taking small amounts of this alcohol, diarrhea is mainly observed.

Inhalation poisoning is unlikely as this substance is not very volatile. Therefore, the accumulation of molecules in indoor air requires a large spill area and a certain time. During combustion, isopropanol breaks down into carbon dioxide molecules and water molecules. At the same time, undesirable substances are not emitted, there is no smoke and soot.

The main negative effect of isopropanol is due to the fact that in the human body it is converted to acetone. The elimination time of isopropyl alcohol is 3 to 8 hours.

However, it is less toxic than methyl alcohol. Compared to ethanol, it has a more pronounced narcotic effect. For a certain time there is intoxication. At high concentrations of isopropyl alcohol vapors, loss of consciousness may occur.

Isopropyl alcohol does not accumulate in the human body, so chronic poisoning is unlikely.

well ventilate the premises;
keep this substance out of the reach of children;
do not misuse.

You can buy isopropyl alcohol in major cities, including Moscow, at a low price. At the same time, the sale is carried out in a small amount. A large volume of this alcohol can be purchased by order in online stores.

Applications

Isopropyl alcohol is a safer, more affordable and cheaper analogue of ethyl and methyl alcohol, in industrial scale produced in the amount of several million tons per year and is widely used in many areas of industry, medicine and everyday life. The demand for the product is due to its unique properties and low cost.

Industry

Isopropanol removes dirt well and dissolves most types of oils, natural and synthetic resins, ethylcellulose. Evaporates quickly from the treated surface without causing harm, has a lower toxicity compared to other solvents. Due to these characteristics, the connection is widely used in various manufacturing industries:

furniture and paintwork - for dissolving and removing paints, glues, oils;
instrument making, electronics production - for degreasing and drying parts, connections, relay contacts, optical fibers, lenses;
oil refining - as a solvent for urea, the resulting mixture is further used for the dewaxing of diesel fuel;
fuel - to stabilize aviation gasoline, as an additive to engine oil to lower the pour point and improve anti-corrosion properties;
wood chemical - for extracting resins from wood;
polygraphy - as a moisturizing agent in the printing process, contributing to an increase in the brightness of colors;
chemical - as an intermediate for obtaining other solvents and raw materials for the industrial production of acetone;
plastics production - as a flushing agent;
avtohomiya - for the production of automobile "anti-freeze", antifreeze for radiators;
household chemicals - wet wipes for cleaning equipment, hygiene products, windshield wipers.

To get rid of the characteristic pungent odor, when preparing the solution yourself, you can use any essential oil as a fragrance.

Medicine

The main use of isopropyl alcohol for medical purposes is as a universal antiseptic. For example, the pharmaceutical preparation "Sterilium" and similar ones are 50-70% composed of isopropanol, which determines the disinfecting properties of the medical product. The remaining components are glycerin, fragrances and excipients.

Health workers use an aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol to disinfect their hands before examining patients and operations. A pure substance without impurities is used to impregnate cotton swabs, bandages, other dressings, disinfect the injection site and treat medical instruments.

IN laboratory work and research, isopropanol is used as a biomaterial preservative and a preferred substitute for synthetic formaldehyde.

Cosmetology

The ability to dissolve in water and disinfectant qualities, along with low toxicity, allow the use of isopropanol in the composition of cosmetics:

nail polish;
hair styling products;
aftershave creams;
cleansing lotions and masks.

Cosmetics and care products with isopropyl alcohol are not suitable for dry and sensitive skin - when choosing, you need to pay attention to the presence of this component in the composition. It can be designated in one of the following ways: ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL, 2-HYDROXYPROPANE, SEC-PROPYL ALCOHOL.

household needs

In everyday life, isopropyl alcohol is used for the same purposes as in industry and medicine - as a broad-spectrum solvent, cleaning or disinfectant.

For convenient use at home, it is recommended to prepare a universal solution. In a bottle with a spray nozzle, mix absolute isopropanol and distilled water in proportions 1:1.

The resulting composition is used for the following purposes:

cleaning CDs and DVDs, matrices SLR cameras, electronic boards and microcircuits;
cleaning from dirt and dust monitors, computer keyboards and mice, phones and tablets, TVs and other household appliances;
removal of traces of glue, ink, paints from fabrics, glass and wood;
disinfection of makeup brushes made of synthetic fibers and other cosmetic tools;
eliminate the smell from shoes - you need to lightly spray the inside with an alcohol solution and leave it overnight;
treatment of the bite site of mosquitoes and other insects - this helps to eliminate itching and rapid healing;
the destruction of bedbugs, fruit flies, fruit flies and other pests - it is enough to treat their habitats with a solution several times;
processing of home and garden plants against aphids and other pests - the alcohol content in the solution should not be more than 10%, otherwise the plants may die;
hand disinfection;
treatment of pediculosis, herpes;
as an alternative to an antiperspirant, alcohol kills microbes that cause sweat odor.

Isopropyl alcohol should not be used to clean vinyl surfaces - the alkaline reaction may damage the plasticizer and cause the vinyl to harden. Also, this product is not suitable for cleaning rubber. Must be used with caution for some types of plastic.

Cars

Motorists actively use isopropanol for the following manipulations:

cleaning parts during repair and replacement;
removal of stains from gasoline, grease and other oil products;
glass treatment in order to prevent freezing (you need to mix isopropanol and water in equal amounts, add a capful of household detergent);
improving the properties of gasoline (for 40 liters of gasoline - 1 liter of alcohol);
to remove water from the vehicle's fuel tank.

To avoid the appearance of white deposits and streaks on the glass, contamination of the nozzles and the pump, only well-purified or distilled water should be used to prepare solutions based on isopropyl alcohol at home.

Application in biology

Isopropyl alcohol is used as a preservative for organics and for storage of analyzes. Formaldehyde can also be used for preservation, but it is more toxic.

Isopropanol is often used in DNA research. The fact is that the DNA molecule does not dissolve in this alcohol. During research, isopropyl alcohol is added to prepared DNA for the purpose of precipitation.

Storage conditions

Terms of sale

Over the counter.

Preparations containing (Analogues)

In combination with ethanol, the substance is found in gels and solutions for hand disinfection and honey. tools, such as Isosept gel.

Isopropanol is also included in various gels and ointments: Gistak, Chondroxide, Dolobene, etc.

Price, where to buy Isopropanol

You can buy Isopropanol in any online store or pharmacy. The price of absolute isopropanol (99.7%) for technical use is approximately 300 rubles, for plastic bottle, with a capacity of 1 liter. You can also buy Isopropanol as part of Isosept. The price of Isopropanol depends on the manufacturer and the degree of purification.

Sources

http://MsChistota.ru/sredstva/izopropilovyj-spirt.html
https://dispanseri.ru/preparaty/izopropilovyj-spirt.html
http://alkogolu.net/napitki/izopropilovyj-spirt.html
https://medside.ru/isopropanol
https://1travmpunkt.com/otravlenija/alkogolnye/izopropilovyj-spirt.html
https://otravlenye.ru/vidy/himicheskie/chem-opasen-izopropilovyj-spirt.html
http://BezOkov.com/faq/spirtnoe/isopropiloviy-spirt
http://alcogolizm.com/napitki/izopropilovyj-spirt.html
http://otravleniya.net/ximicheskie-otravleniya/izopropilovyj-spirt.html

In a number of publications, isopropyl alcohol is quite often found under the name isopropanol. In the literature on chemistry, it often appears as propanol-2 or dimethylcarbinol. It is presented in the form of a colorless liquid with a characteristic alcoholic smell of a sharp sound. Isopropyl alcohol is one of the secondary alcohols in the aliphatic series.

Isopropyl alcohol, both absolute and technical, is applicable in case of need for cleaning procedures for optical fibers. This fact can be fully explained by the improved properties of this product in comparison with any other compound, including ethanol compounds.

Isopropyl alcohol quickly and effectively destroys almost all contaminants in the absence of visible streaks, thus the effect of isopropyl alcohol differs from the usual medical one bought at a pharmacy.

Of course, it is widely applicable in household chemicals and household goods. As a result, the substance is produced in a wide variety of packages. The pungent odor of the substance is masked various types fragrances.

Compound

Isopropyl alcohol is characterized by all the basic qualities that are inherent in secondary fatty alcohols. General molecular formula:

С3Н8О

Isopropyl alcohol is highly flammable. A practical example of a substance is alcohol of a secondary type, where carbon compounds occur, which can be reflected using a formula expression:

(CH3)2CHOH or CH3CHOHCH3

It should be noted that alcohol of the secondary type is a structural isomer of propanol. Propyl alcohol, including isomers, is a liquid with a characteristic odor of alcohol. Such substances can be obtained as a result of distillation of fusel oils. In the case of the synthetic method - from carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and isopropyl alcohol - through cracking gas (in propylene).

Basic chemical properties of a substance

Isopropyl alcohol is highly soluble in any of the following substances:

. Sufficient amount of water;
. Alcohol containing products;
. Some ethers and chloroform.

Ethylcellulose, most oils, rubber-based materials, substances and materials with some resins in their composition (of natural origin) can be easily dissolved with this substance.

In the case of any salt solutions, isopropyl alcohol does not react. An alcohol of this type can be isolated from aqueous solutions by adding a little common or other salt, which distinguishes it from alcohols such as ethanol and methanol.

List of physical properties of isopropyl alcohol

. The mass of the substance (molecular, according to international atomic masses) - 60, 095;
. Temperature level - 82, 4 °С;
. Density index (at 20 ° C) - 0.785 g / cm3;
. The temperature at which melting occurs is 89 ° C;
. Steam pressure level (at 25 ° C) - 5, 229 kPa;
. The flash point value is 11.7 °C.

According to interstate standards, isopropyl alcohol is regulated by the following specifications: GOST 9805-84 dated 01. 01. 1986. This standard refers to alcohol obtained by hydration of propylene.

Acting as a secondary alcohol, isopropyl alcohol undergoes oxidation by reacting with acetone. This effect is achieved by the obligatory use of an oxidizing agent. Such an oxidizing agent can be, for example, chromic acid. Or you should carry out the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol over a heated catalyst (copper):

(CH3) 2CH-O → (CH3) 2CO + H2

Main Applications

Isopropyl alcohol is a cheap but very effective solvent. Used in industries such as:

. Goods of perfumery and cosmetic industry;
. Production of hygiene products;
. Household chemicals of several categories, which allows the addition of various dyes;
. Printing products and paints and varnishes;
. Serves as a raw material for a number of pharmaceutical products;
. It is used as a basic raw material in the production of acetone.

Isopropyl alcohol acts as a substitute for ethyl alcohol, finding wide application in auto chemical goods, medical products, and as an industrial solvent.

In medicine, isopropyl alcohol plays a special role, being used as an effective disinfectant. It is they who treat the injection sites. Also used as an antiseptic.

Basic types of production

Isopropyl alcohol is produced by three methods. Main reactions:

. propylene and sulfuric acid. As a result, it is possible to obtain a mixture of sulfate esters. They are also processed, and as a result, one of the by-products is diisopropyl alcohol;
. Hydration of direct type in liquid or gas phase conditions. In this case, the presence of catalysts is mandatory;
. Carrying out the hydrogenation of crude acetone.

Main product suppliers

On the territory of the Russian Federation, several enterprises supply and sell products containing isopropyl alcohol. The main ones are:

. CJSC "Synthetic Alcohol Plant" Orenburg Region, Orsk;
. OOO " Trading house"Orion", located in St. Petersburg.

. Bottles of 0.5 l and 1 l;
. Canisters with a capacity of 3 liters to 30 liters;
. It is more convenient for wholesalers to purchase products in 200-liter barrels.

The price of such chemical products ranges from 80 to 200 rubles per 1 kilogram, which is determined by the form of packaging, the manufacturer (or supplier), the degree of purification and the type of isopropyl alcohol sold.

Propan-2 ol

Chemical properties

Isopropanol, what is this substance?

Ispropanol is the simplest monohydric secondary alcohol. aliphatic series . Has one isomer propanol-1 . It has a pronounced narcotic effect, toxic. The maximum allowable concentration of a substance in the air is 10 mg per cubic meter. The agent does not accumulate in the body. When ingesting even a small amount of alcohol, poisoning occurs.

The racemic formula of the compound is C3H8O. According to their chemical properties isopropyl alcohol similar to secondary fatty alcohols. The tool is able to form complex and simple ethers , the hydroxyl group is displaced halogens . Also, the thing reacts with aromatic compounds , forming isopropylbenzene or isopropyltoluene . Very soluble in alcohol alkaloids , essential oils And resin .

The reaction is often used dehydrogenation of isopropanol , resulting in the formation acetone . The agent interacts with strong oxidizing agents, rubber and plastic.

According to its physical characteristics, the substance is a colorless liquid with a characteristic pungent odor (stronger than that of ethanol ). Alcohol boils at about 82.4 degrees Celsius, spontaneously ignites at 456 degrees. Molar mass of this compound is 60.09 grams per mole.

Isopropanol on Wikipedia is described as a substance that is highly soluble in benzene, acetone , water and organic solvents. Also, the compound vapors mix well with air, forming explosive mixtures.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, Isopropanol is obtained in two ways: sulfate hydration of propylene or by hydrogenation of acetone with hydrogen (use a stationary copper-nickel chromite catalyst).

The tool is used in many industries:

V chemical industry for getting hydrogen peroxide , methyl isobutyl ketone , acetone, isopropyl acetate And isopropylamine ;
as a substitute for more expensive and government-regulated alcohol - ethanol, in perfumery, household chemicals, as part of repellents ;
for the production of cosmetics, disinfectants, antifreeze , windshield washers;
as part of a means for washing printed circuit boards after soldering using a flux;
during milling and turning works;
in gas chromatography ;
when splicing optical fiber.

In medicine, the agent is part of various antiseptic solutions, its 70% solution is used as antiseptic for soaking honey. napkins.

pharmachologic effect

Antiseptic, disinfectant.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Substance irritating Airways and eyes, with a short inhalation of high concentrations causes a severe headache, depresses the central nervous system. When inhaled, concentrations several times higher than the maximum allowable may lead to loss of consciousness.

When taken orally, the drug is metabolized in the liver, turns into acetone And alcohol dehydrogenase , has a toxic effect on the body. However, its small concentrations, as a rule, do not lead to any serious disorders in the functioning of various organ systems. Serious toxic effects can be achieved by ingesting more than 50 ml of the drug.

It should be noted that when taken orally, the substance causes intoxication, similar to alcohol. The rate of alcohol oxidation in the body is approximately 2.5 times lower than that of ethanol , the effect of the reception lasts much longer.

When used locally, the substance depresses vital activity gram-positive And Gram-negative bacteria , some types of mushrooms (for example, Candida ). Does not penetrate into the systemic circulation, quickly evaporates from the surface of the skin or is absorbed.

Indications for use

Isopropanol is used as a local antiseptic in the composition various means for disinfection of hands and skin, as an auxiliary component in ointments and gels for external use.

Contraindications

The substance must not be taken orally. When used locally, the remedy has practically no contraindications.

Side effects

With topical use, adverse reactions, as a rule, do not occur. Sometimes possible: dry skin, a feeling of tingling and tingling (especially in the presence of abrasions and wounds).

Isopropanol, instructions for use (Method and dosage)

Mode of application medicinal product varies depending on the form of release and indications.

Isopropanol, instructions for use

Antiseptics for topical use containing alcohol in the composition are applied in a thin layer on pre-cleaned and dry skin or other surface for disinfection. Then the product is rubbed into the skin until it dries completely, within a minute.

During preoperative hand treatment Special attention should be given to the space between the fingers and the nail plates.

Overdose

The likelihood of overdose with topical use is extremely small. In case of accidental ingestion, alcohol poisoning, nausea, headache, fruity aroma from the mouth is possible. Therapy - gastric lavage, enterosorbents .