Conducting modern agriculture is almost impossible without the use of certain equipment, which allows you to automate the main work characteristic of rural areas.

Lately it has become very popular small-sized agricultural machinery, allowing them to do the same work as their “big brothers”, but at the same time they cost an order of magnitude less.

Mini grain harvesters, which are very maneuverable due to their design features, are traditionally popular in villages. Considering that most people, when they hear the word “harvester,” imagine a bulky piece of equipment, the appearance of more compact units was greeted with enthusiasm.

In fact, this technology has become available not only for agro-industrial complexes and farms, and for common man engaged in agriculture at a semi-professional level.

Such availability is expressed in cost the above-mentioned mini harvesters, which does not look as scary as the price for conventional harvesters.

About the device

As mentioned earlier, mini grain harvesters are practically no different from larger combines, performing absolutely identical work.

Such units collect the ears of corn and then grind them. It often happens that it is not necessary to immediately process what has been collected. In such cases it is applied. The final process the resulting grain will be cleaned of straw and other debris.

The use of this technology allows you to simultaneously perform several tasks that were previously available only to a certain type of equipment performing each type of activity.

We are talking about a thresher, a winnower and a reaper.

As for modern mini grain harvesters, they can be equipped with additional equipment, allowing to significantly expand their functionality. In particular, with the help of such units it becomes possible, in addition to harvesting grain, to sow vegetable seeds, knit sheaves, etc.

Most models of mini combines are equipped with a seat for the operator, and some are smaller copies of large combines, i.e. their design includes a full-fledged operator cabin.

Movement is carried out using three forward gears (some models may have more gears) and one reverse gear.

There are several levers in the cockpit, each of which is responsible for a specific task.

In particular, there is a clutch lever, a gear shift lever, as well as control levers with which you can adjust the cutting height of the ears. This is a very useful feature, especially in areas with slopes and difficult terrain.

These grain harvesting units have a diesel engine. low power engine, which allows you to significantly save on fuel consumption.

This is very important for individuals who have a fairly small subsidiary farm, where large capacities are not required, but the issue of saving is always quite acute.

At the final stage, when straw and other debris are removed, the grain ends up in a special bag or tank (in larger models). As for the straw, it is discharged through a different channel, separate from the cleaned grain material.

Based on this, we can summarize Main advantages this kind techniques:

• Affordable price for a mini harvester, which is acceptable for most categories of citizens.
• Economical fuel consumption, which has a positive effect on the cost of the final product.
• The compact dimensions of the unit allow it to show good maneuverability, which is very useful in areas where there is difficult terrain.
• Ease of operation allows you not to obtain a special permit or appropriate certificate.
• Possibility of carrying out repairs directly on the job site, without transportation to a service center.
• Due to their small dimensions, these mini harvesters can be easily stored in relatively small spaces.

For more information about the operation of the mini-harvester, watch the video:

Types, technical characteristics and prices

A mini grain harvester for a private owner can be called such if its design complies with
certain parameters and conditions. In particular, the “mini” category includes those units whose header working width does not exceed three meters, unlike.

In most cases, this indicator varies from one to two meters.

Accordingly, the simpler the design of the combine, the lower this indicator, i.e. such models may lack not only a cab, but also a seat for the operator. A header working width of two meters or more is found in mini-harvesters equipped with a seat and a full-fledged closed cabin.

Based on this, a certain classification of this technique can be distinguished:

• small mini harvesters. Such units are controlled by a person walking behind, i.e. they lack basic conditions, such as a seat. The width of the header in such devices rarely exceeds one meter;

• medium mini harvesters. The working width of the header exceeds one meter, and the unit itself is equipped with a seat for the operator;

• large mini combines. Such units are already similar to full-fledged combines; their design includes not only a seat, but also a cabin. The width of the gripper is from 2 to 3 meters. A prominent representative is.

On Russian market agricultural products there are quite a lot of different mini grain harvesters manufactured not only at domestic factories, but also abroad.

Conclusion

Small-sized equipment is becoming increasingly in demand among farmers, which is explained by the relatively affordable price and good maneuverability of these units. Concerning production capacity, then it is of course slightly inferior to the performance of standard equipment, but for small private farms it is quite enough.

The same applies to mini grain harvesters, which have become quite widespread on the Russian agricultural machinery market. Thanks to their design features, it has become possible to process areas where it would be quite difficult for large-sized harvesters to carry out their work.

In general, we can say that the purchase of such units may pay off very soon, because during their operation, fuel costs are significantly reduced, and this is an important point for rural areas. For small jobs it is fashionable to use.

Good afternoon, dear reader! Today we will talk about the most popular, invaluable assistant of every housewife - a food processor. If you like to prepare tasty and quick gourmet dishes for the whole family, then this device will definitely take its rightful place in your home kitchen. Thanks to the perfect mechanism, high power, versatility and great capabilities, every housewife can feel like a real chef, because these units are often used in professional kitchens. In this article we will try to understand what a food processor is, what it does, and what its design features are.

Food processor - classification, design, functional features

Surely there is not a person among my readers who does not know what a food processor is and why modern housewives love it so much. The main purpose of this device is to reduce cooking time and reduce household chores to a minimum. The universal unit managed to win many hearts with its versatility. Do you want to grind grains into flour, nuts into breading, berries for filling, knead dough, make a homogeneous tasty cream, puree, meat products, cut vegetables? A food processor can handle all this.

Modern hypermarkets offer numerous options for combine harvesters from domestic, Asian, European, and American manufacturers. They differ in their appearance, sizes, purpose, functional sets, capabilities, power, configuration, prices. Before you go to the store, you need to familiarize yourself with the types of devices and their features.

If we divide structures by size, we find:

• Mini-harvesters suitable for use by one person or a small family;
• Compact standard models - have a sufficient range of functions, attachments, a large bowl and average power, which is ideal for the average family;
• Multifunctional large-sized units that will replace several kitchen appliances at once (juicer, meat grinder, blender, mixer).

Because of this, all models differ not only in size, but also in weight. Also, weight indicators depend on the material from which the housings, components, and bowls of the combine are made. Fixtures with metal or glass parts will be significantly heavier than plastic models.

Device functionality

I get asked quite often what the functions of food processors are and why they are so versatile. The functionality of such devices directly depends on their design features, because each component performs a particular task.

The main functions of the devices include:

1. Shredding vegetables and fruits, cutting them into cubes, slices, slices, strips;
2. Grinding of meat, fish products, vegetables, fruits, berries, etc. until pureed;
3. Squeezing juice from berries and fruits;
4. Kneading liquid, thick dough, cream, filling for baking.

At the same time, you need to understand that miniature devices with low power are not capable of grinding stringy meat or frozen foods. But bulky multifunctional combines will easily complete any task assigned to them, because their main purpose is to grind even the most unimaginable ingredients, mix them and bring them ready meals until smooth. Modern models can be supplemented with various knives and attachments that expand the functionality of the units.

Design elements and their features

In each, even the smallest food processor, one can distinguish several basic elements, large parts that perform one or another significant function. Larger and more functional devices can be supplemented with other attachments and parts that expand the functionality of the unit.

What's included in the food processor:

• The motor is responsible for the efficiency of product processing, productivity, and speed of operation. Buyers often ask why a powerful motor is needed if they can buy a slightly weaker model for several thousand rubles cheaper. The fact is that no matter how excellent the equipment of a food processor is, a weak motor threatens that the device will overheat and will not be able to cope with solid ingredients. It is important that the motor is as powerful as possible;
• Loading container where pieces of food are initially placed;
• Nozzles, sharp knives and blades responsible for chopping, one or another type of slicing. These can be large and small graters, whisks, chopping attachments, choppers, juicers, noodle cutters, etc.;
• One or more bowls for already cooked, chopped products;
• Control mechanism (touch, push-button).

A large number of attachments, bowls, and high power create an impressive cost for a food processor. If you are looking for a universal multifunctional device, then a variety of accessories will be the best option.

What can you cook with a food processor?

Modern technologies do not stand still, so they have left far behind the problematic, lengthy and tedious preparation of dishes for a large family, the endless shredding, the fingers cut with knives that bothered housewives. If you are still wondering what a food processor is for, then the list of capabilities of this unit described below will answer itself.

Let's figure out what can be cooked using a universal device that combines the functionality of a mixer, meat grinder, blender, shredder, grater, and juicer?

Thanks to such a diverse functional set and the ability to cook almost anything your heart desires, a food processor is called a universal device. I hope this article will help you decide whether you need such a device in your kitchen. And about how to choose a food processor for yourself. Until next time, dear readers, subscribe to me and invite your friends!

Thank you for your attention! Sincerely, Rostislav Kuzmin.

A grain harvester is an agricultural machine for harvesting cereal crops such as wheat, rye, and barley. When installing additional equipment, the unit is capable of harvesting other technical varieties of grain: corn, rapeseed, buckwheat and sunflower, legumes and small-seeded mixtures.

Self-propelled complexes “Don-1200”, “Don-1500” and “Vector” have become widespread among agronomists and farmers. Their productivity reaches 8-12 tons per hour, grain loss is no more than 1.5%. The complexes are used in direct and separate combining methods.

A grain harvester is a complex mechanism that performs a full technological cycle, including the following operations:

• cutting ears of grain;
• delivering them to the thresher;
• threshing grains;
• cleaning the heap;
• moving to the bunker;
• unloading grain.

Let's look at the structure of a grain harvester and the workflow from preparing the unit to its operation using the Don-1500 as an example.

How the technology works

General structure of a grain combine:

1. Reaper.
2. Spacer.
3. Tilt camera.
4. Threshing and separating device (MSD).
5. Bunker.
6. Hoarder.
7. Engine.
8. Transmission.
9. Chassis system.
10. Hydraulics.
11. Electrical equipment.
12. Controls.
13. Cabin.
14. Electronic control system.

When harvesting separately, a pick-up platform is installed instead of a header.

How does a combine harvester work?

The operating principle of a grain harvester is presented as follows.

The reel tilts the grain stands, and the cutting device performs the trimming. The plant mass entering the auger is narrowed and, using finger devices, is fed into the inclined chamber, then along a conveyor belt to the MSU. The receiving beater of a wheat harvester moves the raw material to the drum. Falling stones and heavy objects are thrown back into the stone catcher by screw blades and settle at the bottom.

The ears pass through the drum beats along the deck. The grains are knocked out with special notches that replace direct beats with sliding ones, reducing losses. The straw mass is transported and collides with the crossbar, and the separation process occurs. The separating zone threshes up to 100% of grain crops. Up to 80% is released from the straw mass, the remainder goes to the straw walker and fluffs up. The grains fall down, pass through the key mechanism and are cleaned on the grate, the straw enters the stacker.

Big (+67 photos!) report from the main production site in Rostov-on-Don. April 2018

We calculated it here at the end of the year and didn’t shed a tear. Ours again Agriculture ahead of the rest. At the end of last year, Russia harvested a record grain harvest of 134.1 million tons, breaking the historical record of 127 million tons set back in 1978. We already confidently dominate the world market for wheat, we will feed everyone, and in general we have reached second place in the world in grain exports. Where we are headed, we can forget about oil. All this, of course, is good, but do we have the technology to remove all this stuff from the fields if this trend continues? It turned out that our agricultural engineering, having survived the wars, the dashing 90s, in spite of all enemies, remains at its best. For example, our flagship for the production of combines, the legendary Rostselmash, is confidently one of the five largest global manufacturers of agricultural machinery and will soon produce its 3,000,000 combine. How can you not ask to visit them? So, we are transported to Rostov-on-Don, where their main production is located. By the way, 80% of the grain in our country is harvested with the help of their machines.

Today Rostselmash is no longer one plant, but a whole large family, with relatives abroad. Thus, the RSM group of companies currently includes 13 enterprises located at 10 production sites in 4 countries. They also have a very decent network of dealers and service centers. Their product line includes more than 150 models and modifications of 24 types of equipment, and these are not only combines, but also various tractors, sprayers, forage procurement and grain processing equipment, etc. All this beauty is produced under the ROSTSELMASH and VERSATILE brands and is sold in more than 50 countries

As you may have guessed, the Rostselmash plant is not small at all, there are many workshops here, you need to spend not a single day to get around this entire facility. They also have their own foundry, metal and machining, welding, painting and assembly production. Even its own design bureau for tillage and sowing equipment. Therefore, today we will only look at all the most delicious and important things, otherwise you will get tired of scrolling through the photos :). And we’ll start, perhaps, with the building for the production of CSK-2 combines (or simply conveyor No. 2). This case was specially created for the release new technology. Currently, the unique rotary grain harvester TORUM, the high-performance grain harvester RSM 161, the forage harvester RSM 1401 and the self-propelled universal mower KSU-1 are being assembled at this site. In short, this is the place where the most powerful, innovative agricultural machines of Rostselmash are assembled.

As they confessed to me, three cars are assembled here in eight hours. There will be more soon. The plan is to reach 8 units per day or approximately 1500-2000 units per year. By the way, each combine consists of 18 thousand parts, imagine what kind of craftsmen work here, that they don’t even have extra parts left during assembly. What immediately catches your eye is that there are a lot of young people here, which means that the best is yet to come for the plant.

By the way, as soon as our future combine gets on the assembly line, a case is immediately opened against it, so that later you can easily determine who to praise and who to scold... As they confessed to me, some particularly distinguished workers even have personal stamps. And for each such mark they pay an additional 5-6,000 rubles.

By the way, different models are assembled on the assembly line at the same time, because the task here is not to work for the warehouse, but so that each client can become happy in due time.

16. I don’t know about you, but I really liked this hard worker KSU-1.

20. Another thing that pleased me at Rostselmash is that the work is really in full swing - there are no free places on the conveyor belt! This means that there is good demand for our miracle machines.

This universal self-propelled mower KSU-1, as a multi-machine machine, is ready to solve several tasks at once. She mows and lays, she can chop, and she got me hooked :).

And this is the building where tractors are produced. Its production area is 6,048 square meters. m. This site began operation in August 2016.

Again there is reason to be proud. So, on July 13, 2010, in the Stavropol Territory in the village of Kevsala, our VERSATILE 535 tractor set a world record, which was even listed in the Guinness Book. In one day, 417 hectares of land were cultivated with its help.

31. Here, 211 units are installed in the line. equipment that allows you to assemble up to 1,000 cars per year.

Again, I’ll take a break and draw your attention to the fact that this is not just a “screwdriver” assembly, but a full cycle production. By the way, those who don’t know, in 2007, ours bought the Buhler Versatile Inc plant in Canada, which dates back to 1945, and recently transferred tractor production from there to here. Now the synergy of domestic experience and Western technologies is working for our benefit. And even EU countries with their vaunted Mercedes now cannot resist Rostov tractors and combines.

Yes, I heard about it half-heartedly when I was coming here, but it’s worth a lot to see one of the most advanced production facilities in the world in person. It's not only proper organization production space or availability modern equipment, then the production culture itself is different among the workers. It’s great that even in our mechanical engineering such practices are now appearing, and this is not the oil industry or metallurgy, where there is a lot of money and people can experiment.

Now they produce various tractors and sprayers under the VERSATILE brand, including their flagship - the RSM 2375 tractor. This is one of the few tractors that already in its basic configuration covers the entire necessary set of agricultural operations. The 2375th refers to tractors with an articulated frame. The machine leaves production on twin wheels, with a CAT three-point hitch and a drawbar.

The self-propelled sprayer Versatile SP 275 is a powerful and high-performance machine for high-precision and uniform application of working solutions. The possible range of application rates is from 50 to 500 liters per hectare. She is one of the best in her niche.

The movement of the main tractor conveyor here is organized by the pulling method. That is, with the help of soft cables, the first tractor in the line, ready to leave the workshop, like a locomotive, pulls the entire chain standing on the conveyor. It is said to be a more economical method compared to the traditional one.

43. Currently, 188 people work in this building.

And finally, the main building, where the main assembly line of Rostselmash is located. It was built back in 1984-1985, however, it was also recently significantly modernized. The workshop itself consists of eight assembly production areas, two painting areas and a frame welding area. The famous ACROS, VECTOR and forage harvester DON-680M are now assembled here, as well as the most high-tech in their class - NOVA combines. And it all starts here.

The main conveyor is plate conveyor half a kilometer long, moving at a maximum speed of 1 beat per 8 minutes. All conveyor platforms, according to the schedule, gradually move, while they are required to make ten stops of 30 minutes each. This is where the workers take their chance in order to have time to screw on the necessary parts.

46. ​​And so, first of all, the chassis with rear wheels is unloaded onto the platform.

47. The main assembly conveyor is designed for the simultaneous installation of 80 machines. The entire assembly is carried out in one conveyor circle.

48. Other units of the future combine are also assembled in parallel. Here is a straw walker assembly stand.

50. Assembly of bunkers.

54. Engine assembly area.

At the second stage, a threshing device is installed on the chassis. Then it’s the straw walker’s turn. Then the grain bin is attached.

62. About 500 combines are assembled here per month.

By the way, this is how all the magic happens inside.

63. We are getting closer to the finish line, and our harvester is already on wheels. On average, it takes about 16 hours to assemble one such combine (in this workshop it takes 3-4 hours to assemble it).

After assembly, each machine is run-in to ensure strict quality standards. And here they are, bless you. After all, you need to understand that they compete, first of all, not with domestic producers, but with global giants. I also want to add the following, the combines whispered in my ear to tell me. Dear collective farmers, farmers and their big bosses, let only the best specialists drive RSM equipment. After all, it does not mean at all that if you bought foreign equipment that costs more, that it is better than ours, and then you will be happy. Great harvests to everyone!

65. And here are the ACROS, the same and already beautiful ones, parked. These are grain harvesters of the 5th productivity class. Very cool cars. They first started making them here in 2007. By the way, now I have my own ACROS at home, only the previous model - 550!

66. U big factory and the warehouse is good. This is their logistics center at the plant. Here sets of various spare parts are formed and then sent to customers upon request.

68. Many thanks to the Rostselmash Company for organizing such an interesting and educational trip! You are awesome!