To become a model, it is not necessary to be tall, thin and graceful. Men and women 165 centimeters tall and below can get a contract with a modeling agency if they know what their strengths and weaknesses are. In the fashion world, tall and thin models play a key role, but there are other opportunities for self-realization. If you use your strengths where they are in demand, you can succeed.

Steps

How to get noticed

Meet the photographer. Before you start looking for a job, you should find good photographer. It is best to choose a photographer who can both shoot you and do your makeup. For a close-up shot, you will need to use some makeup.

• Look for such photographers on the Internet.
• You may also be able to find a photographer through the agency you plan to work with.

1. Pay for the photographer. Yes, you will have to pay for close-up shots. This will require some costs, but the operation of the model often requires some effort. You need to get the best quality pictures possible. Try to find a photographer with the ability to do makeup.

   • The photographer will take several pictures (sometimes this number reaches hundreds), and then prompt you to select photos for processing.
   • Pictures can be taken outdoors and in the studio. Both will help you find a job if they are taken by a professional photographer.

2. Learn about different modeling agencies. Talk to friends who work in this field and ask people in modeling agencies to advise you. If they don't have useful contacts, look up local agencies online. It is better to work with an agency that is located in your city than to spend more than an hour on the road one way.

   Contact a modeling agency. Go there yourself if it suits you. It is better to meet with representatives of the agency in person. Make an appointment and bring close-up photos with you. Be confident in yourself, but remember that you should carefully listen to the recommendations of the agency employee. Send emails to other agencies if you think they might be able to work with you.

   • Look for agencies that do body parts or other types of photography that involve a greater variety of figures.
   • Conduct yourself professionally. If you decide to write email Don't forget to attach pictures.
   • Tell us about your experience in the modeling business or your acting experience.
   • It will not be superfluous to write to several agencies.

3. Create a model profile online. There are special sites that are databases for models and companies that are looking for models. Usually registration on such sites is free. You will need to describe yourself and tell what kind of work you are looking for. Be honest about your height and measurements.

   • You may think that by specifying your parameters, you are depriving yourself of certain opportunities, but know that agencies will appreciate your honesty. There is work for everyone.
   • An example of such a site is http://www.modelmanagement.com/.

4. Move to a big city. This is not very convenient, but everything interesting in the modeling business takes place in large cities. This is where you can take your chance, if you have one. To become a model, it is not necessary to move to the capital, but it can be useful. If you live in small town or township, consider moving to at least the nearest major city.

   • For example, if you live in Vladimir, move to Nizhny Novgorod.

5. In the beginning, accept any job. At the very beginning, it is important to gain experience for your portfolio. Accept any job as long as it doesn't conflict with your moral principles. Work experience will let potential employers know that you know what it means to be a model.

   • Perhaps you should start with pictures of individual parts of the body. With such shooting, individual parts of the body (for example, hands) are photographed.
   • You can also shoot for a catalog. For catalogs, people of different sizes are often photographed to show how clothes can fit on ordinary people.

   How to create a portfolio

   1. Decide which job interests you. In the modeling business, there are several types of work for people of short stature. As a rule, high fashion remains only available for tall and thin, but there are other options. Consider the following shooting options:

      Pick your photos. A beginner model should have 5-8 shots. In these pictures you should show everything that you can do. If you already have several shots taken by the same photographer, try working with other photographers as well. The beauty of photography is that it can be hard to tell height in pictures unless you're standing next to something that gives you a sense of scale.

   2. Make yourself visible. On the Internet you will find examples of model portfolios. They will help you figure out how you should present yourself, but they will also help you figure out how you can make your portfolio stand out. Try adding a high-quality photo of you doing your favorite hobby. For example, if you love to cook, include a photo of yourself in the kitchen in your portfolio.

      • Photos must be different, including personal photos.
      • Include a photo that shows off your skills and makes it clear that being short doesn't bother you. For example, you know how to make faces. This will allow agencies to understand that you can work, and growth will not play an important role.
      • Sometimes agencies pay attention to special personal photos.

   3. Prepare a package of documents. Print your photos in high resolution. All agencies have their own preferences for size: some need large ones, others need small ones. Don't forget to include the following information:

      • Name, address, contact details
      • Short description experience and goals in the modeling business
      • Description of skills, including proficiency foreign languages, acting and vocal experience and so on.

There was a strong belief that in the fashion world there is absolutely no place for girls whose height is below 180 cm. At best, you can make a career as a designer or stylist, but not a model.

Fortunately, this belief is wrong and talented models of small stature are in demand on the catwalks of the world's leading fashion shows. And not only on the catwalks. You can become the face of a famous brand or participate in the shooting for the catalog.

Small exceptions to the rules

Girls who have achieved great success and recognition in the fashion industry do not always have high growth and ideal proportions. Indeed, there are catwalk stars whose height does not exceed 170 cm.

Probably the smallest stature can be considered the famous British model Kate Moss. Her height is 168 cm, which is quite far from the model ideal. However, this did not stop Kate from one day becoming the highest paid top model in the world. She has walked in fashion shows for brands such as Calvin Klein, Louis Vuitton and Chanel.

Short height, only 171 cm, did not interfere at all American model Charlotte Free to become the star of many world shows. This little girl with pink hair opened the Chanel cruise show in 2015 and is currently the face of Maybelline cosmetics.

Thumbelina of the fashion world

One of the most brilliant models of the smallest stature can be called Devon Aoki - a girl with a bright exotic appearance and a height of 165 cm. Her career began at the age of 13, when the casting director Calvin Klein accidentally noticed the girl. Her career in the fashion world was dizzying, the model repeatedly shone at Calvin Klein shows. Thanks to her unusual appearance (Devon is half Japanese, half American), the girl constantly receives invitations from the best fashion houses.

One of the most famous short models is our compatriot - Anya Konstantinova. Despite the absolutely “non-catwalk height” of 163 cm, the girl has become one of the most sought-after top models on the planet. She collaborates with several agencies at once, her photo adorns the covers of many fashion magazines.

Growth is not the main criterion

For young beauties who dream of a career in the fashion world, it is important to know that being tall is not the only requirement for casting agencies. Such qualities as photogenicity and good plasticity are extremely important, because for a winning photo, sometimes you need to freeze for a long time in an uncomfortable position. You need to be able to express any emotion that the photographer wants to see. And, preferably, do it easily and with pleasure.

Equally important is good physical form and endurance, because the work of the model can only superficially be called easy. Shows last for hours, and the preparation for them is often grueling.

And for a successful modeling career, you need to learn to perceive the world positively and with humor. The fashion world is pretty strict on beginners, and good mood can help to endure temporary difficulties.

Directions of the model

Despite the height criteria of models, petite women are often invited to shoot in catalogs of casual clothes and accessories. You can also try yourself in commercials on television. Or think about participating in advertising for cosmetic products, where height is often absolutely not important, but mesmerizing glamorous photos are needed.

For a model with a small stature and a beautiful body, a career as a "lingerie" model may be suitable. Such famous brands, like Victoria's Secret, they invite girls with beautiful shapes and perfect skin to show. For example, the height of Alexandra Ambrosio, whose photo in a swimsuit often adorns the cover of the Victoria's Secret catalog, is only slightly more than 170 cm.

You can try yourself as a part-model (from the English body part (part). This is a girl who demonstrates especially beautiful parts of her body: well-groomed hands, beautiful eyes with thick eyelashes or chic hair. Such models are in demand in advertising jewelry and cosmetics , and growth there won't make any difference.

An example of success in this area of ​​the modeling business can be Stacy Hannet, the owner of beautiful eyes with thick voluminous eyelashes. She is more than in demand in the filming of commercials for decorative cosmetics of world brands. Or Gemma Jay Sar, now 24. Photos of her beautiful lips and enigmatic smile adorn Tatler pages and M&S catalogs.

Fashion for graceful girls

Sometimes a petite girl just needs to choose the right clothes to become visually taller, while maintaining harmony and fragility.

The optimal models of dresses for small stature will be models from weightless, flowing fabrics that emphasize the figure. The length of the skirt to the knees looks good, which favorably emphasizes slender legs.

It is a mistake to think that long dresses are not suitable for short girls. How they fit! Just do not choose puffy outfits made of dense fabric, pay attention to fitted models with loose-fitting skirts made of soft fabric.

Ensembles with a v-neck and an emphasis on the waist look very harmonious on models of small stature.

Petite girls don't have to be shy about wearing bright colors. Of course, the main thing is not to overdo it, but a bright stylish raincoat or a dress with the smell of an actual shade will not let you get lost in the crowd.

The main rule for choosing clothes is that it should fit perfectly on the figure. With the right proportions, even with small stature, the choice of stylish clothes is not limited.

In order to start a modeling career, only a beautiful appearance and desire will not be enough. The first step is to find a good professional photographer to help you take pictures for your portfolio. It is better to turn to several professionals, then the portfolio will turn out to be more interesting and diverse.

For a beginner model, it is optimal to look for a photographer in whose studio they will help to apply the right makeup for close-up shooting. An aspiring model of small stature during a photo shoot on the street needs an angle in which her small stature will not be noticeable. And, of course, you should not take pictures next to people whose growth is much higher.

When deciding which agencies to send resumes and portfolios to, you can include in the list those that shoot body parts or develop catalogs of clothes and shoes.

It practically does not matter how tall a girl is if there is a strong desire to make a career in the fashion industry. The modeling profession has many directions, and such a highlight as short stature can help you find your dream profession.

An outdated model of machines and - one of the most common in the territory former USSR machine for turning medium and large parts. The machine has been exported to many countries of the world. The 165 screw-cutting lathe has established itself as a reliable and unpretentious machine that does not require special attention.

Purpose

Designed for processing cylindrical, conical and complex surfaces - both internal and external, as well as for threading. To process the end surfaces of workpieces, a variety of cutters, reamers, drills, countersinks, as well as dies and taps are used.

Designation

Alphanumeric index of turning screw-cutting machine 165 means the following: the number 1 is a lathe; number 6 - indicates a screw-cutting lathe, number 5 - the height of the centers (500 mm).

New screw-cutting lathe 165

Model show business attracts many young girls. Beauty, style, fame, paparazzi flashes, it's all so tempting. But is it easy to be a model? Diets, constant emotional and physical stress are not as colorful as we think. The weight of the models must be constantly stable, and the skin perfectly smooth. And this is an unrealistic work that requires a lot of attention and perseverance.

Ideal Model Parameters

A model has a beautiful life, every girl probably thinks so. As a child, everyone dreams of getting on the podium, or conquering fashionable glossy magazines. But is it as easy as it seems at first glance? If you look at the table, which is not at all as joyful as the smile of world stars in the photographs:

If nutritionists see these numbers, they will be horrified. With such proportions, where the growth of models is not at all proportional to weight, it is quite possible to get anorexia. Models whose weight is ideal face the problem of emaciation and do not hide it. Other than going on a diet, there is no way to achieve this weight, even if you have a super fast metabolism. Being a model is quite difficult, as maintaining an ideal weight is a very difficult task.

Secrets of the best models in the world

The fashion industry is developing by leaps and bounds. Females from 12 years old to 21 years old can get into this area. The parameters of the model do not depend on her age, the main thing is that the available data coincide with the tabular ones (weight, height, chest, hips, waist). But do not waste your health by going on a diet to achieve such parameters. After all, not many people can achieve results in this business, but at the same time they manage to spoil their health.

World-class models are known, with their ideal proportions:

• Twiggy. The smallest and most fragile model who introduced thinness into fashion. Her parameters are 78-50-81 (chest, waist, hips);
• Claudia Schiffer. The world model, which has the parameters -83-60-88;
• Naomi Campbell - 80-60-86;
• Natalya Vodyanova. Model top class, and its ideal parameters are 86-61-86;
• Heidi Klum -94-65-98.

From the above list it is clear that not all girls - models have ideal parameters, they are certainly scolded, and they sit down on a non-rigid diet. But many designers and modeling agencies pay attention not only to weight, height, but also to the very physique of a woman.

All world-class models struggle with extra pounds almost every day. They attend fitness, or aerobics. They "sit down" on diets that are monitored on the Internet, or communicate personally with a nutritionist. Be sure to go jogging and go to the pool. The life of a model is not as rosy as it seems at first glance. The constant struggle for the best contracts, exhausting diets and constant physical activity exhaust the girls, but on the other hand, the enthusiasm of the fans and the outbursts of the paparazzi do their job.

If you decide to get closer to the ideal figure, then start with active physical activity in combination with a strict diet.

Why do girls want to be a model

There are so many professions in the world that are interesting and enjoyable. Why do all girls strive to get into the modeling business? The answer is very simple. Popularity, that's what young girls want. But none of them understand that the path to a successful model is thorny and very difficult. A pretty face is not enough.

Reasons why you want to be a model:

• The financial side of the issue. Profitable contracts will give you the opportunity to bathe in luxury;
• Popularity and fame. For many, it is very important to be famous so that everyone recognizes and loves;
• Self-esteem. When he admires you a large number of people, self-esteem increases, which is very important for many.

But colorful dreams break at the first problems. It is not at all easy to achieve the ideal weight, the necessary parameters, especially genetics does not want to. Therefore, if you want to be a top-level model, you have to try very hard. World-class models push themselves to the point of exhaustion in order to get the most profitable and best contract.

Ideal parameters, history

The ideal height of models is not entirely proportional to their weight. If we are used to the fact that a girl with a height of 178 cm should weigh 68 kg, then in the modeling business everything is different. Here, the perception of such a correct, from the side of medicine, proportion is radically changing. With a height of 178 cm, the weight of the female model is 48 kg. Impressive. But in addition to weight, it is important to observe proportions.

Even if a girl does not work in the modeling business, she strives to have ideal proportions. But have such parameters always been considered beautiful? For every time, there are their own standards of beauty and their ideal views on it:

• Ages of Antiquity. At this time, magnificent forms were considered beautiful. A striking example of that era is Aphrodite of Knidos. She had interesting, and most importantly, lush parameters. With a height of 164 cm, the beauty had a chest volume of 94 cm, and a waist of 72 cm, while all the hips were 96 cm. If you ask what these parameters were associated with, then the answer lies in the fact that in that era people ate, everything was enough, therefore, calories were not counted. And if a person is beautiful, magnificent, then he is not poor and he has everything;
• Middle Ages. During this period, it is known for its self-restraint in everything, and the female figure is no exception. Historians argue that at that time the ideal female figure should have had the following parameters: chest 79 cm, waist 62 cm. Even our days can envy such parameters. The only thing that remained unknown was the parameters of the hips, since the fashion of that time dictated wearing wide skirts to the floor;
• The Age of Objection. This time boasts beauties with magnificent forms, not tall;
• Ruben's ladies. It's no secret that the ladies of that time were the owners of magnificent forms, where the girth of the chest and hips was 98 cm, and the waist was 72 cm.

Already in the 19th century, the owner of a magnificent chest, but a thin waist, was considered the ideal of female beauty. A bright example of such a lady is Natalya Goncharova. Waist 42 cm, chest 96 cm. And the 20th century is characterized by girls of an athletic build with a chest volume of 90-93 cm, a waist of 60-65 cm, and a hip of 94-96 cm.

Parameters 90-60-90 have their own history. There are a couple of legends that reveal the secret of the emergence of such interesting numbers. One of which suggests that Marilyn Monroe herself had such parameters, although her growth was below ideal. Therefore, it is difficult to say that she was very thin. Another version indicates that such parameters were chosen by the designers themselves in order to simplify their work. It's easier to make patterns. The middle of the 20th century, when the first fashion houses were already opened. It was at this time that thinness came into fashion.

Psychologists say that the fashion for thinness came from the fact that people do not want to grow up. That is, after the times when magnificent forms were in fashion, a healthy lifestyle comes to the peak of popularity, where it is important to be in shape, to be athletic. Youth is what everyone wants to see, and no one wants to accept themselves as adults and not as attractive as before. Since fashion is something high, and everyone strives to be stylish, thinness reflects the dreams of every lady. Therefore, such parameters are considered the best for perception and operation. Therefore, to be thin means to be fashionable.

Informative video

https://youtu.be/tysTrrWCTBo

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History of the screw-cutting lathe 165

IN 1953 The first machine of the 165th series was put into production - a model (processing diameter - Ø 1000 mm).

Serial production of lathes: 1m65, 1n65.

165 Universal screw-cutting lathe. Purpose and scope

The Model 165 screw-cutting lathe is designed for machining medium and large-sized parts, in single-piece and small-scale production. The machine can perform external and internal turning, including taper turning, boring, drilling and threading - metric, modular, inch and pitch).

Technical characteristics and rigidity of the design of the bed, carriage, spindle of the machine allow you to fully use the possibilities of working on high speeds cutting with the use of cutters made of high-speed steel or equipped with hard alloy plates when machining parts made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

The principle of operation and design features of the machine

The caliper of the machine has a mechanical movement of the upper part, which allows turning long cones. Turning short tapers is also carried out by moving the upper part of the caliper.

Changing the feed rate and adjusting the pitch of the thread being cut is carried out by switching the gear wheels of the feed box and setting the guitar of interchangeable gears.

The caliper has a fast movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions, which is carried out from an individual electric motor.

The machine is designed for processing ferrous and non-ferrous metals with high cutting speeds with cutters made of high-speed steel and hard alloys.

Closed type feed box provides standard thread cutting. Precise threads are cut using interchangeable gears, bypassing the feed box.

The change in the number of revolutions of the spindle and the feed rate of the caliper are carried out by switching the gears of the gearbox and the feed box with the help of handles.

The movement of the tailstock and the extension of the quill are performed manually by turning the handwheels.

Machine accuracy class H. Surface roughness V 6.

The technical characteristics and rigidity of the machines make it possible to fully use the capabilities of high-speed and carbide tools in the processing of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Type of climatic modification - UHL4 in accordance with GOST 15150-69.

Accuracy class - H according to GOST 8-82E.

Modifications of the screw-cutting lathe 165

165

1N65, 1N65F1, 1N65G, 1N65GF1– Ø 1000 universal screw-cutting

16K50, 16K50P– Ø 1000 universal screw-cutting

1658, 1658 – Ø 1000 universal screw-cutting

RT28608, RT539, RT53901, RT732, RT366, RT731– Ø 1000 universal screw-cutting

Working space lathe models 165

Landing and connecting bases of the lathe 165. Spindle

Screw-cutting lathe spindle 165

Photo of a screw-cutting lathe 165

Photo of a screw-cutting lathe 165

The location of the components of the screw-cutting lathe 165

Location of the main components of the lathe 165

Specification of the components of the screw-cutting lathe 165

1. Bed 1A64.01 - For RMTs-2800; (165.21 For RMC-5000)
2. Grandma front - 165.02
3. Headstock back - 165.03
4. Caliper - 165.041
5. Carriage - 165.05
6. Apron - 1A64.06
7. Feed box - 1A64.07
8. Replaceable gears - 165.08
9. Cartridge - 165.09
10. Steady rest 165.10
11. Cooling - 1А64.14
12. Fencing - 1A64.16
13. Cartridge guard - 165.19
14. Steady rest - 165.20
15. Electrical equipment - 165.80
16. Electrical piping: - 1A64.81 for RMTs-2800 (165.81 for RMTs-5000)

Location of lathe controls 165

List of controls for a screw-cutting lathe 165

1. Spindle speed knobs
2. Spindle speed knobs
3. Spindle speed knobs
4. Handle for setting normal and increased thread pitch
5. Setting lever for right and left threads
6. Handle for selecting the type of work (thread or feed) and the type of thread
7. Handles for setting the amount of feed and thread pitch
8. Handle for setting the amount of feed, thread pitch and turning on the lead screw directly
9. Handles for setting the amount of feed and thread pitch
10. Handle for setting the type of work (thread or feed)
11. Stop button (duplicate)
12. Spindle back button (duplicate)
13. Handwheel for manual movement of the carriage
14. Spindle forward button
15. Stop button
16. Leadscrew Nut Lever
17. Spindle back button
18. Handle for controlling the mechanical strokes of the carriage and caliper
19. Button for turning on the fast moves of the carriage and caliper
20. Roller for manual movement of the rear bike
21. Tailstock stop handle
22. Tailstock spindle stop pusher with quill
23. Quick travel handwheel for tailstock quill
24. Handle for turning on the slow or fast movement of the tailstock quill
25. Inching handle for tailstock quill
26. Screw of the transverse movement of the tailstock
27. Tailstock quill locking handle
28. Handle for manual movement of the incisor sled
29. Toggle switch for local lighting
30. Handle for turning and fixing the cutting head
31. Handle for manual cross feed of the caliper
32. Introductory switch
33. Button Spindle "Interrupted rotation"
34. Spindle Forward button (duplicate)
35. Button Cooling "Start"
36. Cooling stop button
37. Button "Auto Disabled"

Kinematic diagram of the screw-cutting lathe model 165

Structural scheme lathe 165 (with kinematic diagram 2)

Kinematic diagram of a screw-cutting lathe 165

The drive of the main movement is carried out from the electric motor through a V-belt transmission.

The gearbox informs the spindle of 24 different speeds of both forward and reverse rotation through kinematic chains according to table. 4.

The spindle is reversed by an electric motor.

On the shaft IX of the gearbox, rotation is transmitted from the spindle through gears 21-22, 26-27 or from shaft V (when the step increase link is turned on eight times) through gears 16-24, 23-22, 26-27. Ball IX thus receives respectively one or eight revolutions per revolution of the spindle.

The block of gear wheels 25 and 28 is designed to change the direction of movement of the carriage when threading.

In the feed box, the movement is transmitted from the shaft IX through replaceable gear wheels 30-32-31.

The feed box informs the caliper through the overrunning clutch, the running shaft XXIII and the apron mechanism 32 longitudinal and transverse feeds.

The calculation of the kinematic chain of longitudinal and transverse feeds is carried out according to the formula

i \u003d i cm * i k.p * i f

i cm - gear ratio of replaceable gears;

i kp - gear ratio of the feed box;

i f - gear ratio of the apron.

The kinematic chains through which the feeds are carried out are given in Table. 5 for the feed box and in table. 6 for an apron.

Threading is carried out through the kinematic chains of the feed box given in Table. 7. In addition, threading can be done with a direct connection of the lead screw with interchangeable gears, selecting the appropriate i cm (see table. 24). The range of feeds and threads is extended by using the 8x pitch link.

The list of elements of the kinematic scheme (see Fig. 4) is given in Table. 8, and corrected gears - in table 9.

Brief description of the model 165 screw-cutting lathe

bed

The bed is the basic assembly unit on which all other Assembly units and machine tools.

On the upper part of the bed there are three prismatic guides, of which the front and rear are the base of the carriage, and the middle one is the base of the tailstock.

Inside the bed there are inclined hatches for the removal of chips and coolant in the direction opposite to the workplace.

Under the left head of the frame there are niches, in one of which the main drive electric motor is mounted, and in the other - the cooling electric pump with a reservoir for the coolant. The trough for collecting the coolant is made monolithic with the body of the bed.

On the right side of the bed on the front wall there is a bracket with built-in supports for the lead screw and the lead shaft and a gearbox for fast movement of the caliper with a flanged electric motor.

To prevent sagging of the lead screw and the drive shaft, the machine with the RMC 5000 has two hangers.

Grandma front screw-cutting lathe model 165

Grandma front screw-cutting lathe 165

The headstock is mounted on the left head of the frame, fixed with pins and bolted.

In the body of the headstock are mounted:

• gearbox
• spindle assembly
• eight times pitch link
• mechanism for changing the direction of movement of the carriage when threading
• spindle speed setting mechanism
• Lubrication system
• electric cabinet

The spindle is mounted on three rolling bearings, of which the front and rear are adjustable.

A description of the adjustment of spindle bearings is given in the Adjustment section.

Setting the spindle speed, as well as setting for cutting right or left threads of normal or increased pitch, is done by moving the gears along the splined shafts using the handles located on the front wall of the headstock (see Fig. 37 and Table 22).

Shaft splines and gear teeth are hardened and ground.

The inclusion of the step increase link is possible only when working with enumeration.

Headstock rear

The tailstock moves along the guides of the frame from the manual movement gearbox by rotating the roller 26 (see Fig. 3).

The headstock is attached to the frame with two clamps with three bolts.

For rigid fixation in the axial direction, the headstock has a stop, which can be inserted into the cast depressions of the frame with the handle 27.

The body of the headstock is displaced along the bridge in the transverse direction (see subsection "Regulation").

A rotating spindle is built into the headstock quill, the bearings of the front support of which are adjusted using nuts.

The quick movement of the quill is made by the flywheel 29. locking - by the handle 33.

The slow movement of the quill is carried out by handles 31 through a worm gear, activated by handle 30.

For drilling, countersinking and reaming by turning the pusher 28, it is necessary to turn on the gear coupling that rigidly connects the spindle to the quill.

The tailstock spindle has a slot for the legs of the tail cutting tool.

When changing the center or tool, the quill must be pushed into the headstock body until it stops. In this case, the pusher pushes the center or tool out of the spindle.

Caliper and carriage

The support of the cross structure has a longitudinal movement along with the carriage along the frame guides and a transverse movement along the carriage guides. Both movements are carried out mechanically (with cutting feed and using a rapid movement mechanism) and manually.

The cutting sled, carrying a four-position tool holder, is moved manually along the guides of the rotary part, which can be rotated around the vertical axis to any angle.

The nut of the screw pair of the transverse movement of the caliper is composite and is divided by an adjusting wedge. Adjustment of gaps in the guides of the carriage, the rotary part, produced by wedges, in the "screw pair of the transverse" movement of the caliper is given in subsection 2.4. "Regulation".

Machine apron

Apron - closed type with a removable front wall (lid).

The movement of the caliper group is transmitted by the apron mechanism from the drive shaft or lead screw.

Due to the presence of four electromagnetic clutches in the apron, the control of the mechanical movement of the caliper group is concentrated in one handle 23 for controlling the mechanical movements of the carriage and caliper (see Fig. 3), and the direction of switching on the handle coincides with the direction of feed.

By additionally pressing the button 24 (see Fig. 3), built into the handle 23, you can turn on the fast travel of the caliper in the direction of tilting the control handle (23).

Thanks to the overrunning clutch built into the feed box, the inclusion of a high speed is possible with the feed turned on.

The lead screw nut is split, it is turned on by the handle 21 through the cam device.

There is an electromechanical interlock to prevent the lead screw nut and feed from being turned on at the same time.

A safety clutch mechanism is mounted in the apron, which prevents the machine from breaking during overloads. Its adjustment is given in subsection 2.4. "Regulation".

Gearbox

Feed box - closed type with a removable front wall (lid).

The feed box mechanism allows you to get all the feeds and threads cut on the machine without resorting to changing the setting of interchangeable gears.

Adjust the feed box for feed or threading in accordance with Table. 23 and 24 in the following order (see fig. 3 and fig. 38):

• turn the handle 10 to the "off" position
• turn the handle 14 to the “lead screw” position for threading or to the “lead roller” position - to work with feed
• switch the handle 7 to one of three positions - “inch thread”, “modular thread”, “metric thread or feed”
• set the handles 9, 12, 13 according to the table of feeds and threads to the required thread or feed, and to set the handle 9 to the desired position, bring the corresponding number on its disk under the pointer;
• turn the handle 10 to the “on” position

When setting for threading with a step of increased accuracy, connect the lead screw with gear couplings directly to the input shaft of the feed box in accordance with table. 25 (see fig. 39).

Interchangeable gears

A set of interchangeable gears with i cm = 2/3, which allows you to get on the machine all the threads and feeds specified in the "Passport" section, is installed on the wall of the headstock.

The design of the mechanism of interchangeable gears provides for the possibility of installing other sets of gears.

ammo

The machine includes a four-jaw non-self-centering chuck with a diameter of 1000 mm.

lunettes

For processing non-rigid parts, the machine is equipped with two steady rests - movable and stationary.

The electrical circuit of the screw-cutting lathe model 165

Wiring diagram of a universal screw-cutting lathe 165

Electrical equipment of the machine 165. General information

The following motors are installed on the machine:

• main drive motor
• electric motor for quick movements of the carriage
• cooling pump motor

The electrical equipment of the machine is powered by AC 380 V, 50 Hz.

The 24 V DC control circuits are powered by a D1 selenium rectifier (single-phase bridge, see Fig. 14).

110 V AC control circuits are powered by a step-down transformer.

The local lighting lamp is powered by a voltage of 24 V from a separate transformer.

All equipment for controlling the electric drives of the machine is mounted in the niche of the headstock and is indicated in Table. eleven.

The control of the electric drives of the machine is remote, push-button and is carried out (see Fig. 17):

• from the control panel on the front headstock - PB
• from the control panel on the carriage - PC
• from the control panel on the apron - PF

The connection of the electrical equipment of the machine to the workshop electrical network is carried out using the introductory machine (automatic 1 switch) BA1, installed on the side wall of the niche of the headstock. Input is carried out by a wire with a section of 10 mm2.

Protection of electric motors and control circuits against short circuit currents and overloads is carried out by automatic switches and thermal relays.

The values ​​of rated currents and values ​​​​of inserts of magnetic starters and relays are given in Table. 12, 13.

Zero protection of the electrical equipment of the machine is carried out by opening the circuit. (closing) auxiliary contacts in the self-supply circuit of magnetic starters and relays in the event of a power failure in the shop electrical network.

Specifications of lathe 165