International standards on phytosanitary measures

Transit cargo

INTRODUCTION

SCOPE OF APPLICATION

This standard (ISPM No. 25) describes procedures for identifying, assessing and managing pest risk associated with consignments of regulated articles that pass through a country without being imported, and should be implemented in such a way that any phytosanitary measures applied in the transit country are technically justified and necessary to prevent the introduction of harmful organisms into a given country and/or their spread on its territory. Approved by the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in April 2006

Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests, including risk analysis for environment and the risks posed by living modified organisms, 2004. ISPM No. 11, FAO, Rome. Glossary of phytosanitary terms, 20061. ISPM No. 5, FAO, Rome. International Plant Protection Convention, 1997. FAO, Rome. Pest Alert, 2002. ISPM No. 17, FAO, Rome.

Guidance on Phytosanitary Import Regulatory Systems, 2004. ISPM No. 20, FAO, Rome. Screening Guidelines, 2005. ISPM No. 23, FAO, Rome.

Guide to Pest Risk Analysis, 19962. ISPM No. 2, FAO, Rome. Guide to Phytosanitary Certificates, 2001. ISPM No. 12, FAO, Rome.

Guidance on non-compliance notification and emergency action, 2001. ISPM No. 13. FAO, Rome.

DEFINITIONS

Definitions of phytosanitary terms used in this standard can be found in ISPM No. 5 (Glossary of phytosanitary terms).

SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS

International trade may involve the movement of consignments of regulated materials that pass through a country without being imported, under the control of customs3. Such movement may pose a pest risk to the transit country. Contracting Parties to the IPPC may apply measures to consignments in transit through their territories (Article VII.1c and VII.2g IPPC, 1997) if these measures are technically justified and necessary to prevent the introduction and/or spread of pests (Article VII.4 IPPC, 1997).

This standard provides guidance by which the National Quarantine Organization

The NPPO of the transit country can decide which movements require NPPO intervention and phytosanitary measures and, if necessary, determine the type of phytosanitary measures required. For such cases, the obligations and elements of the transit system are described along with the need for cooperation and communication, non-discrimination, review and documentation.

HISTORY OF THE ISSUE

Goods in transit and the vehicles carrying them are included in the scope of the IPPC in Article VII and Article I.

Article VII. 1 states: “In order to prevent the introduction and/or spread of regulated pests

1 The original ISPM No. 25, 2006 refers to the 2006 FAO Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms. The Glossary has since been revised and its latest version (2007) was translated into Russian in January 2008 (see EPPO document No. 08/14075 - translation No. 34) (EPPO note).

2 The original ISPM No. 25, 2006 refers to ISPM No. 2, 1996. This standard has since been revised and adopted in 2007 under the title “Framework for pest risk analysis” (see EPPO document No. 08/14145 - translation No. 36) (EPPO note).

3 Customs procedures, which cover all aspects of customs legislation, including Annex E1 concerning customs transit, and Annex E2 concerning transhipment are harmonized in the International Convention on Simplification and Harmonization customs procedures", also known as the 1973 Kyoto Convention.

ny organisms into their territory, the contracting parties have the sovereign right to regulate... and for this purpose can. prohibit or restrict the entry of regulated pests into their territory.”

Article VII. 4 states: “Contracting Parties may apply the measures listed in this article to goods in transit through their territories only if they are technically justified and necessary to prevent the introduction and spread of pests.”

Article I. 4 states: “If necessary, the provisions of this Convention may be considered by the contracting parties to apply, in addition to plants and plant products, to storage, packaging, conveyances, containers, soil and to any other organism, object or material , which may harbor or promote the spread of pests, especially when it comes to international transport».

Transit refers to the movement of cargo of regulated materials that pass through a country (hereinafter referred to as the “transit country”) without being imported. Consignments in transit represent a potential route for the spread of pests due to their introduction and/or spread in the transit country.

Goods in transit may pass through the transit country while remaining closed and, if necessary, sealed, not divided into parts or mixed with other goods, and without changing packaging. Under such conditions, the movement of goods will, in many cases, not pose a pest risk and will not require the application of phytosanitary measures, especially if the goods are transported in sealed containers4. However, even under these conditions, contingency plans may be necessary in case of unforeseen circumstances, for example if an accident occurs during transit.

Goods and the vehicles carrying them passing through a country may, however, also be transported or loaded in such a way that they pose a pest risk to that country. This may be the case, for example, when the goods being transported are opened rather than closed, or when they do not pass through the country immediately but are held for a period of storage, or are divided into parts, mixed or repackaged, or if the means of transport changes (for example, from a ship to railway). In such cases, the transit country may apply phytosanitary measures to

4 A standard, fully enclosed and secure cargo container typically used in seaborne trade transport.

preventing the introduction of harmful organisms into a given country and/or their spread within its territory.

It should be noted that the term “transit” is used not only for phytosanitary purposes, but is also a common name standard procedure in relation to goods transported under the control of the customs service. Customs controls may include document verification, (eg electronic) tracking, sealing, carrier verification, and entry and exit verification. Customs controls by themselves are not intended to guarantee the phytosanitary integrity and safety of cargo, and thus do not provide protection against the introduction and/or spread of pests.

Transshipment is a special aspect of transporting goods between countries. It involves the movement of goods from one vehicle (vehicle) to another (for example, from ship to ship in a port) during the transportation process. Typically, transhipment occurs under the control of customs in an area designated by customs. Transshipment may occur in the transit country and is accordingly considered within the scope of this standard.

REQUIREMENTS

1. RISK ANALYSIS FOR THE TRANSIT COUNTRY

Risk analysis for consignments in transit should be simplified by sharing relevant pest risk analysis (PRA) information already obtained and/or developed by one or both the NPPOs of the importing and exporting parties. 1.1 Definition of risk

To determine the potential pest risk of consignments in transit, the NPPO of the country of transit (“NPPO”) should collect and analyze relevant information.

This information may include the following items:

Procedures applied by customs and other competent authorities;

Classes of goods or regulated materials being transported in transit, as well as their country of origin;

Means and methods of transporting transit goods;

Regulated pests associated with transit cargo;

Distribution of host plants in the transit country;

Data on the transit route in the transit country;

Possibility of penetration of harmful organisms out of cargo;

Existing phytosanitary measures for goods in transit;

Types of packaging;

Transportation conditions (refrigeration, altered atmosphere, etc.).

The NPPO may determine that a consignment in transit does not pose a potential pest risk, for example, if there are no pests associated with the consignment in transit that are regulated by the country of transit, in which case the consignment can move or

continue movement without phytosanitary procedures.

The NPPO may also determine that a consignment in transit poses a negligible pest risk and can move or continue to move without phytosanitary procedures, for example if the transport means or packaging is completely enclosed, sealed and secure, or if the pest is regulated by the country of transit but its entry is from transit cargo is unlikely.

If a potential pest risk is identified, a risk assessment for the specific pest or commodity in transit is required to determine the need and technical justification for any phytosanitary measures.

Only those pest risks associated with pests regulated by the transit country or those pests that are the subject of emergency action in that country should be considered. 1.2 Risk assessment

The assessment of pest risk associated with a pathway during transit should generally focus only on assessing the potential for the introduction or spread of pests from consignments in transit. The associated potential economic impacts should have been assessed previously for existing regulated pests and therefore should not be repeated.

Guidance on assessing the potential for pest introduction and spread is given in ISPM No. 11 (2004, Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests, including analysis of environmental risk and risk posed by living modified organisms), particularly in section 2.2. For transit cargo, the following information may also be useful:

Routes of spread of regulated pests due to their introduction with transit cargoes and/or spread from these cargoes;

The mechanism of dispersal and mobility of the pests in question;

Means of transport (eg freight car, train, plane, ship, etc.);

Phytosanitary safety of the vehicle (e.g. closed, sealed vehicle, etc.);

Availability and type of packaging;

Changing the configuration of cargo (for example, mixed, divided into parts, repackaged cargo);

Duration of transit or storage, as well as storage conditions;

The route provided for cargo to the transit country and on its territory;

Frequency, volume and season of transit.

If the NPPO has identified a pest risk through a risk assessment, pest risk management options may be considered. 1.3 Risk management assessment

Based on the results of the risk assessment, consignments in transit can be classified by the NPPO into two broad categories with respect to risk management assessment:

Transit not requiring further phytosanitary measures, or

Transit requiring further phytosanitary measures.

Additional guidance on assessing risk management is provided in ISPM No. 11 (Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests, including environmental and living modified organism risk analysis, 2004).

1.3.1 Transit not requiring further phytosanitary measures

Through a pest risk assessment, the NPPO may determine that carrying out customs control is sufficient. In this case, the NPPO should not apply any phytosanitary measures in addition to customs controls.

1.3.2 Transit requiring further phytosanitary measures

A risk assessment of consignments in transit may lead to a decision that special phytosanitary measures are required, which may include the following:

Inspection of cargo for authenticity or integrity (additional guidance is given in ISPM No. 23 - “Inspection Guidelines”);

Phytosanitary accompanying documents (for example, transit permit);

Phytosanitary certificates (with transit requirements);

Specified points of entry and exit;

Checking the removal of cargo;

Method of transportation and specified transit routes;

Rules for reconfiguration (eg, mixing, splitting, repackaging);

Use of equipment or installations prescribed by the NPPO;

Customs installations recognized by the NPPO;

Phytosanitary treatments (e.g. pre-loading treatments, treatments when the integrity of the cargo is questionable);

Cargo tracking during transit;

Physical conditions (eg refrigeration, pest-tight packaging and/or means of transport to prevent pests from escaping from cargo);

Use of special NPPO seals for vehicles or cargo;

Special carrier action plans in case of emergency;

Temporary or seasonal transit restrictions;

Additional documentation in relation to customs requirements;

Conducting cargo inspections by the NPPO;

Packaging;

Waste destruction.

Such phytosanitary measures should only apply to pests regulated by the transit country or to those pests that are the subject of emergency action in that country.

1.3.3 Other phytosanitary measures

In the event that suitable phytosanitary measures for consignments in transit are not available or cannot be applied, the NPPO may require those consignments to be subject to the same requirements as for import, which may include a ban.

If consignments in transit are stored or repackaged in a manner that results in them presenting a pest risk, the NPPO may determine that the consignments must comply with import requirements or be subject to other adequate phytosanitary measures.

2. ESTABLISHING A TRANSIT SYSTEM

A contracting party may develop a transit system for phytosanitary control of consignments in transit in cooperation with the NPPO, customs and other competent authorities of its country. The purpose of such a transit system is to prevent the introduction into the transit country and/or spread into its territory of regulated pests associated with transit cargo and vehicles carrying them. Transit systems are built on the basis of the basic regulatory provisions of phytosanitary legislation, regulations and procedures. The transit system is managed by the NPPO, Customs and other competent authorities in the necessary cooperation, and should ensure compliance with the prescribed phytosanitary measures.

The NPPO is responsible for the phytosanitary aspects of the transit system and establishes and enforces the phytosanitary measures necessary to manage pest risk, taking into account Customs transit procedures.

3. MEASURES IN CASE OF NON-CONFORMITY AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

The transit system may include measures established by the NPPO to deal with non-compliance and emergency situations (eg accidents in the country of transit that could result in the unexpected release of regulated pests from cargo in transit). ISPM No. 13 (Guide to Notification of Nonconformity and Emergency Action, 2001) provides specific instructions for the transit country to issue notifications of noncompliance to the exporting country and, where appropriate, to the destination country.

4. COOPERATION

AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS

Collaboration between the NPPO, Customs and other authorities (e.g. port authorities) is integral to establishing and/or maintaining effective system transit and identification of transit cargo of regulated materials. Therefore, a special agreement with Customs may be necessary for the NPPO to obtain information about and access to customs-controlled consignments.

The NPPO may also collaborate and liaise with all stakeholders involved in transit, as appropriate.

5. NO DISCRIMINATION

Consignments in transit should not be subject to phytosanitary measures more restrictive than those applied to consignments of identical phytosanitary status imported into that country of transit.

6. REVISION

The NPPO should, as necessary, review and adjust the transit system, types of consignments in transit and associated pest risks, collaborating as necessary with relevant competent authorities and stakeholders.

7. DOCUMENTATION

Any transit system must be adequately described and documented.

Phytosanitary requirements, restrictions and prohibitions for consignments in transit shall be made available upon request to any contracting party or parties that may be directly affected by these measures.

REQUIREMENT INFORMATION

"Guide to the regulation of wood packaging materials in international trade»

According to Directive No. 102/2004 EC of the Commission of the European Community concerning protective measures against the entry and spread into the Community of organisms harmful to plants and plant products), with effect from 1 March 2005 European Union introduced new phytosanitary measures when importing coniferous timber into their territory, including from Russian Federation.

In accordance with this Directive, softwood timber imported into the EU must be harvested in areas free from non-European species of wood pests (longhorned beetles of the genus Monochamus, weevils of the genus Pissodes, bark beetles of the family Scolytidae), or be free from bark and burrows. insects with a diameter of more than 3 mm, or be subjected to disinfection (chamber drying “kiln draining” to a humidity not exceeding 20%, heat treatment at a temperature not lower than +56 ° C for at least 30 minutes or fumigation with methyl bromide). Information about the disinfection carried out must be indicated in the phytosanitary certificate.)

A number of countries have introduced phytosanitary measures under the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM No. 15, Guidelines for the Regulation of Wood Packaging Materials in International Trade).

According to these measures, wood and fastening packaging materials (pallets, boxes, boxes, blocks, drums, coils, lathing, supports, fasteners, support posts) used to move goods during international trade must be subjected to heat treatment to achieve temperatures throughout thicker wood +56°C with a duration of this thermal regime of more than 30 minutes, or artificial drying in special chambers (“kiln drying”) to a humidity not exceeding 20%, or disinfection by gassing (fumigation) with methyl bromide.

Confirmation of such disinfection are special markings applied to wood packaging and wood fastening materials.

Organizations producing disinfection of wood packaging or fastening materials confirm the compliance of the technologies they use with those specified in Standard No. 15, and they are assigned the appropriate quality by the national service for quarantine and plant protection. registration number. This number is included in the markings applied to wood packaging and fastening materials. In addition to the indicated number, the mark must contain the country code, as well as the abbreviated name of the disinfection method used: HT (heat treatment), KD (kiln-drying) or MB (methyl bromide fumigation).

In the Russian Federation, this function is carried out by the Federal government agencies under the control of Rosselkhoznadzor and its territorial bodies(Address in St. Petersburg, Knipovich, 10; tel. 640-15-68, 640-15-69, 640-15-70).

In many countries, wood heat treatment and kiln drying technologies corresponding to the specified regimes are widely used.

EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION

ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES

EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ORGANIZATION FOR QUARANTINE AND PLANT PROTECTION

04/11437

Translation No. 6

Translation No. 6

OFFICIAL EPPO TRANSLATIONS OF

INTERNATIONAL PHYTOSANITARY TEXTS

TRADUCTIONS OFFICIELLES DES TEXTES

PHYTOSANITAIRES INTERNATIONAUX

OFFICIAL EPPO TRANSLATIONS

INTERNATIONAL PHYTOSANITARY TEXTS

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES

ISPM№ 15

GUIDELINES FOR REGULATING WOOD PACKAGING MATERIAL IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

NORMES INTERNATIONALES POUR LES MESURES PHYTOSANITAIRES

NIMP #15

DIRECTIVES POUR LA RÉGLEMENTATION DE MATÉRIAUX D"EMBALLAGE Á BASE DE BOIS DANS LE COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES

ISPM No. 15

(Russian text / Texte en russe / Text in Russian)

2004-09

OEPP/EPPO

1 rue le Notre

75016 PARIS

Publication No. 15

March 2002

International standards for phytosanitary measures

GUIDE TO THE REGULATION OF WOOD PACKAGING MATERIALS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Rome, 2002

The designations used and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on behalf of the Food and Drug Administration. agriculture UN concerning the legal status of a country, territory, city or region or its authorities, or concerning the demarcation of its frontiers.

All rights reserved. Reproduction and redistribution of material from this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is permitted without the prior written permission of the copyright holder, provided that full credit is given to the original source. Reproduction of material from this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Head of the Publications Management Service, Information Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy, or to e-mail to the address: [email protected].

FAO, 2002

Adoption

International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) are prepared by the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention as part of the Food and Agriculture Organization's worldwide program of plant quarantine policy and technical assistance. This program makes available to both FAO Members and other interested parties these standards, guidelines and recommendations in order to harmonize phytosanitary measures at the international level in order to facilitate trade and avoid the use of unjustified measures that would constitute barriers to trade.

This standard was recognized by the Interim Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in March 2002.

Jacques Diouf

CEO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Application

International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) are adopted by contracting parties to the IPPC and non-contracting party members of FAO through the Interim Commission on Phytosanitary Measures. ISPMs are standards, guidelines and recommendations recognized as the basis for phytosanitary measures applied by members of the World Trade Organization under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. Countries that are not contracting parties to the IPPC are encouraged to comply with these standards.

Revision and addition

International standards for phytosanitary measures are subject to periodic revision and addition. The next revision of this standard is due in 2007 or at another time at the discretion of the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures.

The standards will be updated and republished as necessary. Users of the standard must ensure that they are using the latest version.

Distribution

International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures are distributed by the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention to all FAO Members and the Executive/Technical Secretariats regional organizations on quarantine and plant protection:

Asian and Pacific Plant Protection Commission

Andin community

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization

Caribbean Commission for Quarantine and Plant Protection

Inter-African Phytosanitary Council

International Regional Phytoagrosanitary Organization (for Central America)

Regional Phytosanitary Committee Cono Sur (for South America)

North American Plant Protection Organization

Pacific Plant Protection Organization

INTRODUCTION

SCOPE OF APPLICATION

This standard describes the phytosanitary measures necessary to reduce the risk of introduction and/or spread of quarantine pests carried on wood packaging materials (including fastening wood) made from untreated softwood and hardwood wood used in international trade.

LINKS

Glossary of phytosanitary terms, 2003. ISPM No. 5, FAO, Rome.

International Plant Protection Convention , 1997. FAO, Rome.

Principles of plant quarantine in connection with international trade, 1995. ISPM No. 1. FAO, Rome

Guidelines for notification of non-compliance and emergency action, 2001. ISPM No. 13. FAO, Rome.

Guide to Phytosanitary Certificates, 2001. ISPM No. 12, FAO, Rome.

Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures , 1994. World Trade Organization, Geneva.

ISO 3166-1-ALPHA-2 CODE ELEMENTS

( http:// www. din. de/ gremien/ nas/ nabd/ iso3166 ma/ codelstp1/ en_ listp1. html)

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS

Wood packaging materials made from unprocessed wood represent a pathway for the introduction and spread of pests. Since the origin of wood packaging materials is often difficult to determine, measures taken around the world are described to significantly reduce the risk of pest spread. The NPPO is encouraged to accept wood packaging materials to which approved measures have been applied without further requirements. Such wood packaging materials include timber but do not include recycled wood packaging materials.

Procedures for verifying that an approved measure has been applied, including the use of internationally recognized labels, should be in place in both the exporting and importing country. Other measures that are mutually agreed upon are also covered in this standard. If wood packaging materials do not meet the requirements of this standard, the NPPO may dispose of them in an approved manner.

REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

1. Basis for regulation

Wood packaging materials are often made from fresh wood that has not been processed or treated sufficiently to remove or destroy pests, thereby becoming a pathway for the introduction and spread of pests. In addition, wood packaging materials are often reused, recycled or remanufactured (as packaging materials obtained from the import of some cargoes may be reused when exporting other cargoes). The actual origin of different parts of wood packaging materials is difficult to determine and, as a result, their phytosanitary condition cannot be reliably assessed. Therefore, the normal process of conducting risk analysis to determine whether phytosanitary measures are necessary and how stringent those measures should be is often not possible for wood packaging materials because their origin and phytosanitary status may be unknown. This standard therefore describes globally accepted measures that have been approved and can be applied to wood packaging materials by all countries to virtually eliminate the risk to most quarantine pests and to significantly reduce the risk to other pests that may be associated with these materials.

Countries must have the technical justification to require the application of the approved measures described in this standard to imported wood packaging materials. The requirement to use phytosanitary measures other than those approved and described in this standard must also have a technical justification.

2. Adjustable wood packaging materials

This guidance applies to coniferous and deciduous non-processed wood packaging materials that may serve as a pathway for the spread of plant pests that pose a threat to primary living trees. These include wood packaging materials such as pallets, lashings, battens, packing blocks, drums and reels, crates and cartons, loading platforms, pallet shells, skids and supports, which can accompany virtually any imported cargo, including those that would normally are not subject to phytosanitary inspection.

Wood packaging consisting entirely of wood-based materials such as plywood, particle board, structure-oriented board (SOD) or plywood that has been manufactured using adhesives, heat or pressure, or a combination of these treatments, should be considered sufficiently processed to eliminate the risk associated with wet wood. They are unlikely to be contaminated by green wood pests during use and therefore should not be regulated for these pests.

Wood packaging materials such as plywood veneer , sawdust, wood wool, wood chips and shavings, including twisted or raw wood sawn into thin parts, cannot be through the introduction and spread of quarantine pests and should not be regulated unless technically justified.

3. Measures taken regarding wood packaging materials

3.1. Approved measures

Any treatment, processing or combination thereof that is highly effective against most pests should be considered to effectively reduce the risk associated with wood packaging materials used in transport. The choice of measure applied to wood packaging materials should be based on the following considerations:

List of organisms that may be present

Effectiveness of the measure

Technical and/or commercial feasibility.

Approved measures should be adopted by all NPPOs as the basis for authorizing the importation of wood packaging materials without additional requirements, unless pest detection and/or PRA conducted for specific pests associated with certain types of wood packaging materials in a particular origin, it is clear that more stringent measures are required.

The approved measures are given in.

Wood packaging materials to which these approved measures are to be applied must bear the specific markings shown in .

The use of markings reduces the difficulties associated with testing compliance with wood packaging materials. Globally recognized, non-language labeling facilitates inspection at points of export, points of entry and other locations.

3.2. Measures pending approval

Other methods of treating or recycling wood packaging materials will be approved when they are demonstrated to provide an acceptable level of phytosanitary protection (). Existing measures defined in , also continue to be revised, and new research may lead, for example, to the use of new combinations of temperature and time. New measures could also reduce risk by changing the properties of wood packaging materials. NPPOs should be aware of the possibility of adding or changing measures and have sufficient flexibility in import requirements for wood packaging materials to accommodate changes as they are approved.

3.3. Other measures

The NPPO may adopt any other measures not listed in Annex I through agreements with trading partners, especially in cases where the measures listed in cannot be implemented or verified in the exporting country. Such measures must be technically sound and comply with the principles of transparency, non-discrimination and equivalence.

NPPOs of importing countries should consider other arrangements for wood packaging materials accompanying exports from other countries (or specific sources) if evidence is provided that the risk is sufficiently controlled or absent (e.g. zones with similar phytosanitary situations or free zones). .

Some movements of wood packaging materials (eg hardwood from tropical countries accompanying exports to temperate countries) may be considered not to pose a pest risk by importing NPPOs and as a result be exempt from measures.

Subject to technical justification, countries may require that imported wood packaging materials subject to approved measures be made from debarked wood, which must be reflected on the labeling shown in .

3.4. Revision of measures

Approved measures listed in , as well as measures under review listed in Annex III, should be revised based on new information provided to the Secretariat from the NPPO. This standard shall be supplemented accordingly by the VCFM.

OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

In pursuit of the goal of preventing the spread of pests, both exporting and importing countries should ensure compliance with this standard.

4. Fastening wood

Ideally, fastening timber should be marked in accordance with Annex II of this standard to demonstrate that it has been subject to approved measures. Otherwise, it requires special attention and should at least be made from debarked wood that is free from pests and from signs of the presence of living pests. In any other case it must be returned or rendered harmless in accordance with approved procedures (see section 6).

5. Procedures used prior to export

5.1 Compliance checks of measures used prior to export

The NPPO of the exporting country is responsible for ensuring that the export system complies with the requirements of this standard. This provision includes the supervision of certification and labeling systems that verify compliance, as well as the establishment of inspection procedures (see also ISPM No. 7: Export certification system), registration or accreditation and audit of commercial companies applying the measures, etc.

5.2 Transit agreements

Where consignments in transit contain wood packaging materials that do not comply with the requirements for the application of approved measures, the NPPO of the country of transit has the right to require measures in addition to those applied by the importing country to ensure that there is no unacceptable risk from these wood packaging materials.

6. Import procedures

The regulation of wood packaging materials requires that NPPOs have policies and procedures in place to address new aspects of their responsibilities associated with wood packaging materials.

Since wood packaging materials accompany virtually all shipments, including those not typically subject to phytosanitary inspection, it is important to cooperate with responsible agencies, organizations, etc. not typically involved in enforcing phytosanitary export conditions or import requirements. For example, cooperation with customs services shall be reviewed to ensure effective identification of potential non-compliance of wood packaging materials with the requirements of this standard. Cooperation with manufacturers of wood packaging materials also needs to be developed.

6.1 Measures for non-compliance at the point of entry

If wood packaging materials do not bear the required markings, action may be taken unless existing bilateral agreements provide otherwise. Such actions may be processing, neutralization or denial of access. The NPPO of the exporting country may be notified (see ISPM No. 13: Guidance on non-compliance notification and emergency action). Action may also be taken where wood packaging materials are labeled as required but live pests are detected and proven to be present. Such actions may be processing, neutralization or denial of access. The NPPO of the exporting country should be notified if live pests are detected and may be notified in other cases (see ISPM No. 13: Guidance on non-compliance notification and emergency action).

6.2 Neutralization

Decontamination of wood packaging materials is a risk management option that can be used by the NPPO of the importing country upon arrival of wood packaging materials in cases where treatment is not possible or desirable. The following methods are recommended when decontamination of wood packaging materials is required. Wood packaging materials requiring emergency action must be preserved until they are processed or rendered harmless in a manner that completely prevents the spread of pests from the time they are discovered until they are treated or rendered harmless.

Incineration

Complete burning

Burial

Deep burial in places approved by the competent authorities. (Note: This treatment option is not suitable for termite-infested wood.) The depth of burial may depend on climatic conditions and the pest found, but it is recommended that it be at least one meter. The material must be covered with soil immediately after disposal and remain covered thereafter.

Recycling

Shredding or further processing as recommended by the NPPO of the importing country to eliminate detected pests (e.g. production of structurally oriented boards (SODs).

Other methods

Any procedure considered by the NPPO to be effective against the detected pest.

These methods should be applied with the minimum possible delay.

APPENDIX I

APPROVED MEASURES RELATED TO WOOD PACKAGING MATERIALS

Heat treatment (HT)

Wood packaging materials must be heated according to a specific temperature-time schedule that reaches the core of the wood to at least 56ºC for at least 30 minutes .

Kiln drying (KD), chemical pressure impregnation (CPI), and other treatments can be considered heat treatment (HT) as long as they meet the HT specification. For example, CPI may meet the HT specification as a result of using steam, hot water, or dry heat.

Heat drying is indicated by the marking HT (see Appendix II).

Fumigation of wood packaging materials with methyl bromide (MB)

Wood packaging materials must be treated with methyl bromide. The treatment is indicated by the marking MV. The minimum standards for fumigation of wood packaging materials with methyl bromide should be as follows:

The minimum temperature must be at least 10ºC and the minimum exposure time must be 16 hours .

List of the most dangerous pests destroyed by heat treatment and fumigation with methyl bromide

Representatives of the following groups of pests associated with wood packaging materials are almost completely destroyed by heat treatment and fumigation with methyl bromide carried out in accordance with the above specifications:

Bostrichidae

Buprestidae

Cerambycidae

Curculionidae

Isoptera

Lyctidae(with some exceptions for NT)

Oedemeridae

Scolytidae

The markings below certify that wood packaging materials bearing this marking have been subject to approved measures.

Labeling must, at a minimum, include:

Symbol

Two-digit ISO country code followed by an individual number given by the NPPO to the wood packaging material manufacturer, who is responsible for using suitable wood and providing appropriate labeling

Abbreviation given by the IPPC in accordance with Annex I to the approved measure applied (e.g. NT, MB)

NPPOs, manufacturers or suppliers may, at their discretion, add reference numbers or other information to identify specific lots. Where debarking is required, the letter abbreviation DB must be added to the abbreviations of the approved measures. Other information may also be included as long as it is not confusing, deceptive or false.

The marking should be:

Corresponding to the above model

Easy to read

Permanent and not portable

Located in a visible place, preferably on at least two opposite sides of the material being certified.

The colors red and orange should be avoided as they are used in dangerous goods labelling.

Recycled, repurposed and repaired wood packaging materials must be re-inspected and labeled. All components of these materials must be processed.

MEASURES CONSIDERED FOR APPROVAL UNDER THIS STANDARD

Treatments , which are being considered and which may be approved when sufficient grounds for doing so are obtained include, but are not limited to the following:

Fumigation

Phosphine

Sulfuryl fluoride

Carbonyl sulfide

Chemical Pressure Impregnation (CPI)

Alternating high pressure and vacuum treatment

Double vacuum treatment

Hot and cold processing at normal pressure

Juice replacement method

Irradiation

Gamma irradiation

X-rays

Microwave

Infrared irradiation

Electron beam treatment

Controlled atmosphere

For more information on international standards, guidelines and recommendations related to phytosanitary measures, and full list current publications, please contact:

WITH secretariat M international TO on conventions TO Arantina and Z protect R asthenia

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES (ISPMs)

International Plant Protection Convention, 1997. FAO, Rome.

ISPM No. 1: Principles of plant quarantine in connection with international trade, 1995. FAO, Rome.

ISPM No. 2: Guidelines for pest risk analysis, 1996. FAO, Rome.

ISPM No. 3: Conduit for the import and release of exotic biological control agents, 1996. FAO, Rome.

ISPM No. 4: Requirements for the establishment of free zones, 1996. FAO, Rome.

Due to the high potential for the transfer of pests, larvae and microbes from pallet wood to transported goods, the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection (Quarantine) Convention of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in March 2002 ISPM 15 “Guide to the regulation of wood packaging materials in international trade” has been adopted. It contains a list of sanitary and phytosanitary measures that need to be taken to reduce the risk of “the introduction and/or spread of quarantine pests carried on wood packaging materials (including fastening wood) made from untreated coniferous and hardwood wood and used in international trade.”

These measures apply to wooden pallets (and others: wooden boxes, cable reels, etc.), which are often made from fresh wood that has not been treated sufficiently to remove or destroy harmful organisms contained in the wood.

According to the requirements of the ISPM 15 standard, wood packaging and fastening materials must be free from bark, wood pests and their passages.

These materials must also be decontaminated by kiln drying, heat treatment, or fumigation with methyl bromide. Most countries use wood heat treatment and chamber drying technologies. The methyl bromide fumigation method is less common and is banned in some countries.

After the appearance of the international standard ISPM 15, many countries around the world took measures to implement its provisions through national legislation, and the European Union was one of the first to announce the introduction of the provisions of the standard into the EU Directive.

In Russia, despite the lack direct action ISPM 15 standard, phytosanitary control is no less strict. Thus, back in February 2005, Rosvetnadzor disseminated “Information on phytosanitary measures introduced by countries around the world for wood packaging and fastening materials imported into their territories.” The main phytosanitary measure is the processing of blanks and finished pallets according to the ISPM 15 standard using chamber drying at temperatures above 60°C, which should lead to the complete destruction of wood pests of all types.

In accordance with ISPM 15 and Federal Law RF dated July 15, 2000 No. 99-FZ “On Plant Quarantine”, each batch of produced pallets processed by chamber drying is supplied with documents confirming that they have all undergone phytosanitary treatment: a certificate of conformity and an act of State Quarantine Phytosanitary Surveillance.

Phytosanitary certificate- this is an international document (of an established standard), which is issued by quarantine and/or plant protection authorities of exporting countries, and certifies the phytosanitary condition of the product. The phytosanitary certificate must be attached to the transport documents accompanying the goods.

In accordance with the ISPM 15 Standard, in addition to receiving a certificate, each pallet must be marked with a special mark “IPPC” or as it is also called “Spikelet”.

The pallet must indicate:

• IPPC is an abbreviation for the International Plant Protection (Quarantine) Convention;
• Manufacturer country code. On this stamp it is Russia (RU);
• Code of the region where production took place (16);
• Unique number of the enterprise that carried out the phytosanitary treatment (xxx);
• Disinfection method.

HT - wood subjected to heat treatment;

KD - drying took place using high temperatures in a closed chamber;

MV - fumigation carried out;

And another “DB” sign indicates that the wood used for production is debarked.

This mark means that phytosanitary treatment was carried out according to the ISPM 15 standard.

There are several ways to process pallets.

Fumigation- treatment of wood with a chemical substance in a liquid or gaseous state that kills all pests and bacteria. This method has a significant drawback - after fumigation, the wood changes its properties, and a certain amount of solution remains on the surface of the wood, which is undesirable. Because of this, many businesses, especially those involved in food production or storage, refuse to accept pallets treated this way at all. Therefore, companies producing pallets are beginning to switch to other, more advanced methods.

Heat treatment- long-term exposure to high temperature in a special chamber, due to which all pests and microorganisms die.

All pallets on which products are shipped abroad must undergo phyto-processing and must have a stamp confirming this. If the pallet is manufactured for use on the territory of Belarus, then these strict rules do not apply.

EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION

ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES

EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ORGANIZATION FOR QUARANTINE AND PLANT PROTECTION

05/11589

Translation No. 12

Translation No. 12

OFFICIAL EPPO TRANSLATIONS OF

INTERNATIONAL PHYTOSANITARY TEXTS

TRADUCTIONS OFFICIELLES DES TEXTES

PHYTOSANITAIRES INTERNATIONAUX

OFFICIAL EPPO TRANSLATIONS

INTERNATIONAL PHYTOSANITARY TEXTS

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES

ISPM No. 12

GUIDELINES FOR PHYTOSANITARY CERTIFICATES

NORMES INTERNATIONALES POUR LES MESURES PHYTOSANITAIRES

NIMP #12

DIRECTIVES POUR LES CERTIFICATS PHYTOSANITAIRES

ISPM No. 12

(Russian text / Texte en russe / Text in Russian)

2005-02

OEPP/EPPO

1 rue le Notre

75016 PARIS

Publication No. 12

May 2001

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES

GUIDE TO PHYTOSANITARY CERTIFICATES

Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention

FOOD ORGANIZATION AND

UN AGRICULTURE

Rome, 2001

The designations used and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on behalf of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or region or of its authorities, or concerning the demarcation of its frontiers.

All rights reserved. Reproduction and redistribution of material from this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is permitted without the prior written permission of the copyright holder, provided that full credit is given to the original source. Reproduction of material from this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Head of the Publications Management Service, Information Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy, or by email to: [email protected].

FAO, 2001

ISPM No. 16: Regulated Non-Quarantine Pests: Concept and Application, 2002. FAO, Rome.

ISPM No. 17: Pest Alert, 2002. FAO, Rome.

ISPM No. 18: Guidelines for the use of irradiation as a phytosanitary measure, 2003. FAO, Rome.

ISPM No. 19: Guide to Lists of Regulated Pests, 2003. FAO, Rome.

ISPM No. 20: Guide to a phytosanitary import regulatory system, 2004. FAO, Rome.

ISPM No. 21: Pest Risk Analysis for Regulated Non-Quarantine Pests, 2004. FAO, Rome.

International Standards for Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) can be downloaded from International Portal for Phytosanitary.

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The original ISPM No. 12 of 2001 contains a reference to the 1999 FAO Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms. In the 2003 version of the Glossary that existed at the time of translation, a number of terms included earlier are missing. These terms are not used in this translation. The definition of many other terms has changed significantly. This translation provides definitions of terms from the modern Glossary (see EPPO document No. 04/11182 – translation No. 2) (EPPO note)

ACPM – Interim Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (EPPO note)

CEPM - Expert Committee on Phytosanitary Measures (EPPO note)

HSC – Interim Committee on Standards (EPPO note)

Guide to phytosanitary certificates ISPM No. 12 Rome, 2001