The general avifaunistic list of the Ivanovo region consists of 238 species of birds of different residence status.

In 11 surveyed model territories, 70 rare bird species were recorded, which account for 37% of the total number of species (189) found in these model territories (Table 1).
These 70 species belong to 16 orders. A significant proportion (more than 50%) of rare species are included in three orders: Falconiformes (21.43%), Charadriiformes (21.43%), Passeriformes (11.43%).
Representatives of these orders experience the greatest anthropogenic pressure: the Falconiformes order due to their territorial needs and direct persecution, and the Charadriiformes order due to direct persecution and a small number of suitable biotopes. Representatives of the order Passeriformes adapt more successfully to anthropogenic influence (trophic plasticity, small body size, tolerance to anthropogenic influence, etc.), however, they are the most numerous in the number of species, which determined their significant share in the list of rare birds.
Species with relatively stable numbers, vulnerable species that require monitoring of their condition, are found at all stations, including the city, which to some extent confirms their relative well-being.
Dispersing and endangered species are found only at some sites. Dispersing species were observed mainly in those areas where endangered species were also found. This indicates that the dispersal of species occurs along paths that include biotopes and territories that are especially valuable for the habitat of endangered species.
The largest number of endangered and declining species are recorded in areas that are least transformed by humans and at the same time have the greatest structural heterogeneity. These bird species inhabit a wide range of natural and slightly transformed landscapes of the European center of Russia.
Moreover, most often they choose the territory that is least transformed by humans and has the greatest productivity. In anthropogenically transformed landscapes, these bird species choose territories that are most similar to natural biotopes and also characterized by significant productivity (reservoirs, fish ponds, peat quarries, etc.).

List of rare bird species recorded in model areas

Endangered Species
Black-throated Loon
Lesser Spotted Eagle
Black stork
Golden eagle
Grey goose
Snake eater
Osprey
Peregrine Falcon
White-tailed eagle
Kobchik
Greater Spotted Eagle
Owl

Declining species
Merlin
Klintukh
Quail
Roller
Oystercatcher
green woodpecker
Great Curlew
wood lark
Great snipe
Gray Shrike

Species with relatively stable numbers
Red-necked Grebe
Little gull
Wigeon
White-winged Tern
Gogol
Great-tailed owl
Meadow Harrier
Kingfisher
Gray crane
gray woodpecker
Great godwit
White-backed Woodpecker
Turukhtan
three-toed woodpecker
Lieutenant
Kedrovka
Morodunka
Blue Tit

Species with uncertain status requiring additional information
Gray-cheeked grebe
Buzzard
Harrier
Garnish

Species located on the border of their range
Great merganser
Deaf cuckoo
Burying ground
Hoopoe
Golden Plover
Middle Woodpecker
Fifi
Yurok
Great Gray Owl
Garden bunting
Dispersing species
great egret
Ringed Dove
Herring gull

Vulnerable species requiring monitoring
Black-necked Grebe
Big snail
Great bittern
Great Sparrow Owl
Black kite
Great-footed owl
Common kestrel
Nightjar
Capercaillie
meadow pipit
Landrail
Common cricket
Herbalist

Current state rare bird species

Eastern Upper Volga region. During the work, 16 species of birds listed in the Red Book were registered Russian Federation. Species that are globally threatened (greater spotted eagle, imperial eagle, white-tailed eagle) were recorded only at 4 sites: Klyazminsky reserve (2 species), river. Lukh (3 species), Morkushskoe reservoir (2 species), river. Nerl (1 species). The presence of these species in these areas undoubtedly indicates their significant conservation significance. However, at present, only the Klyazminsky Nature Reserve has the official status of a protected area.
At stations 1 (Klyazma reserve), 2 (Lukh river), 3 (Balakhninskaya lowland) the largest number of rare species included in different groups rarities.
Use of indicator species to identify protected areas. We used the method of using indicator species when identifying and justifying new protected areas in the Ivanovo region - the Lukhsky ornithological reserve and the Yuzhsky Natural Park.
The Lukhsky ornithological reserve is planned to be created within the IBA of international rank in the “Floodplain of the river.” Lukh from the village Washed to s. Mugreevo-NikolskoyeV". Identification of the IBA and determination of its boundaries was carried out during research from 1999 to 2002 during the implementation of the project “Key Ornithological Territories of Russia”. When identifying the boundaries of the proposed reserve, we used clearly defined relief elements so that the individual territories of the indicator species (osprey, greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle and white-tailed eagle) were completely within the protected area.
The most characteristic indicator species of valuable floodplain landscapes, experiencing insignificant anthropogenic pressure, characterized by a high level of landscape and faunal diversity and stable over time, is the greater spotted eagle. On the territory of the planned reserve, 6 nesting territories of this species have been identified.
Of the species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the following live on the territory of the proposed Lukhsky ornithological reserve: osprey, white-tailed eagle, greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle, eagle owl, blue tit, Russian muskrat.
The YuzhskyV natural park is planned to be created on the territory of the Balakhninskaya lowland.
The use of indicator species made it possible to expand the previously proposed territory of the natural park. The following indicator species were found in this area: black stork, short-eared snake eagle, golden eagle, gray crane and eagle owl. Among the species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the following live on the territory of the proposed Yuzhsky Natural Park: black stork, short-snake eagle, curlew, eagle owl, gray shrike, and blue tit.
In addition, a peregrine falcon was recorded once (05/10/2001).

1. At least 70 rare bird species live and breed in the Eastern Upper Volga region, and 16 of these species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
2. Bird species such as the black stork, osprey, greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle, short-eared snake eagle, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, gray crane, and eagle owl can be used as indicators of high faunal diversity when identifying valuable areas.
3. Biological and ecological features of bird species proposed as indicators of faunal diversity: they are the tops of trophic pyramids, are clearly visible, sensitive to environmental changes, and when feeding and nesting, are found in the vast majority of landscapes of the Eastern Upper Volga region; the time interval between a change in the environment and the reaction to it is minimal.
4. An express method for identifying valuable territories can be the detection of indicator species when observed from points with a wide viewing area during demonstration flights marking the individual and hunting territories of these species, as well as direction finding during periods of vocalization; the boundaries of protected areas must completely include their individual territories.

Fauna of Moscow

Moscow, like any large city, has its own bird fauna, just as it has its own fauna of insects, fish, mammals, etc. Birds by species composition, numbers individual species and their distribution across urban habitats, of course, is in some ways similar to the fauna of other European cities, similar in size to Moscow, but in some ways different, and this is the most important thing for us.

White-backed Woodpecker

White-backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos Bechst.). The bird is medium in size, slightly larger than the Great Spotted Woodpecker (body weight of males 105-112 g, females 105-106 g).

The top of the neck and upper back, wings, tail, stripes from the corners of the beak on the sides of the neck, partially limiting the white sides of the head (“cheeks”), are black; the sides of the neck, lower part of the back, wide transverse stripes on the wings and outer tails are white; forehead light cream; the bottom of the neck, chest, sides of the body are pinkish-white or yellowish-white, on the sides of the body there are black longitudinal streaks; the underbelly and undertail are red or pink.

Great Spotted Woodpecker

Great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos mayor). The bird is slightly larger than the starling (body weight of males is 70-96 g, females 70-97 g). The top of the head and neck, back, wings, rump, and tail are black, and there is a stripe of the same color from the beak to the back of the head, limiting the white cheeks; the forehead, throat, chest, abdomen, spots on the shoulders, stripes on the wings and tail are white.

In some individuals, the outer pair of tail feathers is white with black stripes. The undertail is red, the male has a red transverse stripe on the back of the head, and in young birds the entire top of the head is red. Voice - sharp “kick-kick” or loud squealing. In spring, birds quickly strike dry twigs and treetops with their beaks and produce a kind of “drum roll.”

green woodpecker

Green Woodpecker (Picus viridis), A bird the size of a jackdaw (body weight 186 - 250 g). Its back is bright green, the rump is golden-yellow, the wings and tail are light brown with light gray transverse stripes, the forehead and “whiskers” (stripes from the beak to the neck) are black (in males with red strokes), the top of the head and neck bright red, chest, belly greenish-dirty white; the voice is a loud cry “peck-peck-peck”.

This is a rare nomadic, partially sedentary species. It inhabits mainly deciduous and mixed forests, less often suburban forest parks, preferring light areas of forests near the edges and clearings.

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (DeBdrocopos minor). The smallest of the woodpeckers, the size of a sparrow (body weight 21-25 g). The top of the neck, front of the back, wings, tail are black; forehead, cheeks, lower back, transverse stripes on the wings and on the side tail feathers, the underparts are white. The top of the head is red in the male, black in the female; voice - loud, continuous “ki-ki-ki-ki-ki-ki.”

This is a rare, sometimes common sedentary, partially nomadic species of predominantly floodplain (willow, aspen or alder) forests. Less common in light deciduous and mixed moist forests on watersheds. During nesting time, this woodpecker is hardly noticeable.

Hoodie

The gray crow is a well-known medium-sized bird (body weight 360-610 g) with contrasting colors. Its head, throat, crop, wings and tail are black with a metallic sheen, its back and belly are dirty gray, its legs and beak are black. Calm flight is heavy, with uniform flapping of wide wings.

In autumn and winter, crows often soar in flocks in rising air currents; single and group games in the air are common, when the birds make sharp turns, falls and take-offs.

Reports REPORTS

Large Raptors of the Ivanovo District

LARGE FEEDED PREDATORS OF THE IVANOVSK REGION

Melnikov V.N. (Ivanovo State University, Ivanovo, Russia)

Melnikov V.N. (Ivanovsky State University, Ivanovo, Russia)

Vladimir Melnikov Ivanovo State University, 153004, Russia, Ivanovo, Lenina Ave., 136 [email protected]

Vladimir Melnikov Ivanovo State University, Lenina av., 136, Ivanovo, Russia, 153004 [email protected]

Modern data on 10 species of rare large feathered predators of the Ivanovo region are presented. An increase in numbers during nesting was noted for the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (number 20-25 pairs), the short-tailed eagle (Circaetus gallicus) (5-7 pairs), the greater spotted eagle (Aquila clanga) (up to 20 pairs), the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (5-7 pairs) and Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) (50 pairs). A decrease in numbers (from 10-15 pairs) is expected for the eagle owl (Bubo bubo) after the fires of 2010. Single nesting pairs are known for the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) (3-5 pairs) and the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). Regular sightings during the nesting season have been recorded for the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Occasionally, solitary pygmy eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus) are observed without signs of nesting.

Keywords: Ivanovo region, birds of prey, raptors, status. Received by the editor: 10/06/2013 Accepted for publication: 11/10/2013

The article presents the current data on 10 species of rare large raptors of the Ivanovo district. Increase the number of breeding pairs is observed for the Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (20-25 pairs), Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) (5-7 pairs), Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) (about 20 pairs), White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (5 -7 pairs), Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) (50 pairs). Decline (from 10-15 pairs) expected for the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) after fires in 2010. For the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina) (3-5 pairs) and the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaеtos) are known single breeding pairs . Regular meetings in the nesting period are marked for the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Occasionally single Booted Eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus) are observed. Keywords: Ivanovo, birds of prey, raptors, population status. Received: 06/10/2013. Accepted: 10/11/2013.

Introduction

The territory of the Ivanovo region is located in the center of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia, on the border of the subzones of the southern taiga and mixed forests. The central part of the region is agricultural, however, significant areas of farmland have been taken out of economic use, and the fields are at various stages of overgrowth. Forestry is more developed on the northern and southern outskirts of the region. The southeastern part (Balakhna lowland) in 2010 was subject to significant pyrogenic effects during catastrophic natural fires. The region is characterized by a well-developed river network; the Gorky Reservoir is located on the northern and eastern borders. Thus, the territory of the Ivanovo region is highly mosaic, peripheral areas experience moderate anthropogenic impact - all this together determines the conditions for the habitat of rare bird species, including large raptors.

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). There has been an increase in the number of the species along the coasts of the Gorky water reservoir, the Klyaz"ma river and its tributaries; new habitats are appearing, with the total of 20-25 breeding pairs observed in the area.

Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus).

The number has slightly increased, reaching 5-7 pairs. The main habitat is Balakhnins-kaya depression.

Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus).

Single birds are occasionally observed with no signs of nesting.

Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clan-ga). A slight increase in the number of the species is currently observed in the flood basin of the Kliazma and the Luh rivers. Up to 20 pairs are nesting in the region.

Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina).

The nesting of 3-5 pairs is currently known

Directed study of birds of prey in the region has been conducted since the 80s. XX century During this time, a wealth of material has been accumulated on the population, numbers and its dynamics, distribution, and the ecological features of birds of prey; significant territories have been surveyed; more than 40 key ornithological territories (IBAs) have been identified, 7 of which are international importance(Melnikov et al., 2013). At the most significant IBAs, monitoring studies. The current state of large feathered predators on the territory of the Ivanovo region is characterized in the form of the species-specific sketches given below.

results

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - an endangered species. A very rare breeding species. Osprey nesting in the Ivanovo region has been known since the early 90s. XX century

In the review “Birds of the Ivanovo Region” (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), the osprey is positioned as a rare migratory and very rare breeding species. Since 1991, a nest has been known in the Sokolsky district (now Nizhny Novgorod region); in total, at least 3 pairs were expected to nest in the Sokolsky district by 2000; nesting in other areas was considered unlikely.

Our research in the 90s These data are supplemented by finds of new osprey habitats (Melnikov, Barinov, Roma-

Rice. Fig. 1. Distribution of the Ospreys (Pandion haliaetusj in the Ivanovo district.

Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj Photo by V. Melnikov.

Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj.

Photo by V. Melnikov.

in the region. The habitation of the Lesser Spotted Eagle in the Ivanovo district is the easternmost of all the known for the species.

Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).

Single pairs are known to inhabit the Ivanovo district in the valley of the Luh river, at the Gorky water reservoir. The territorial pair was observed in the Bal-akhninskaya depression. However, the pair is not reported to be seen after the fires in 2010.

White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albi-cilla). The number of the species is gradually recovered with these birds observed on the Gorky water reservoir and its spurs, on the Kliazma and the Luh rivers as well as on Morkushskiy and Uvod"sky Dams - 5-7 pairs of eagles in total.

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus).

Regular encounters of the species during the breeding period suggest nesting of a few individual pairs.

Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). The number of the species in the Ivanovo district was estimated as 10-15 pairs in total. Five breeding areas were identified in Balakhninkaya depression, however the species is not observed after the fire in 2010.

Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). The

number of the species has slightly increased accounting for the total of 50 pairs of the species in the area.

Nova, 2000). In the lower reaches of the river. Nodoga osprey has been observed annually since 1990; since 1999, 2 pairs have been recorded; broods have been observed several times. Also, 2 pairs of osprey were observed on the Nemdinsky spur of the Gorkovsky Reservoir, an osprey was noted on the Markushsky Reservoir, Lake. Podozerskoe, on the river. Klyazma within the Klyazminsky reserve. By the end of the 20th century. We estimated the number of osprey in the modern territory of the region to be up to 10 pairs.

In the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (Red Book..., 2007) we indicate new osprey habitats identified by that time - Uvodsky Reservoir, river. Lukh (in 2 areas), Andronikhovo floodplain of the Gorky Reservoir, Balakhninskaya lowland.

In the collection “Rare animals and mushrooms. Materials on maintaining the Red Book of the Ivanovo region" (Melnikov, 2012), in addition to the above, we present new habitats: the lower reaches of the river. Yolnat, coast of the riverbed part of the Gorky Reservoir. - within the Ivanovo region

Rice. Fig. 2. Distribution of the Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicusj in the Ivanovo district.

Osprey (Pandion haliaetusj Photo by A. Levashkin. Osprey (Pandion haliaetusj. Photo by A. Levashkin.

6-7 pairs. An increase in numbers is observed in the lower reaches of the Zhelvata and No-Doga rivers (5-6 pairs), in the Andronikhovo floodplain (2-3 pairs), in the Klyazminsky reserve (2 pairs).

Thus, modern assessment The number of ospreys in the Ivanovo region is 20-25 breeding pairs. With a tolerant attitude of humans towards birds of prey, a further increase in the number of this rare species is possible. However, the active development of the shores of reservoirs suitable for osprey habitat may become a factor limiting its distribution.

The snake eagle (Circaetus gaçcus) is a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - an endangered species. Buslaev S.V. in the 80s. noted a snake eagle during the nesting period in the Kinesh region on the bank of the river. Zhelvata and in the Klyazminsky reserve (Gersimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). At the turn of the century, we noted the snake eagle in the same territories (Melnikov, Barinov Romanova, 2000). In the last decade, registrations of the snake eagle in the area between the Zhelvata and Nodoga rivers, as well as in the Klyazminsky reserve, were quite regular (our data; Slashchinina, 2012).

In the northern part of the Balakhna Lowland, the snake eagle is observed annually; here, within the Ivanovo region, 4 regularly occupying nesting territories have been identified, and in the adjacent territories of the Nizhny Novgorod and Vladimir regions 2 more pairs (Baka, Kiseleva, 2001; Voloshina 2005). After the catastrophic fires of 2010, the number of snake eagle at the station remains the same, but there is a slight shift in nesting areas, which are located on the periphery of cleared burnt areas (Shmeleva, 2013). Registrations of the snake eagle during the nesting period are also known in the middle reaches of the river. Lukh and in the vicinity of Lake Rubskoe (Chudnenko et al., 2012).

Thus, the number of snake eagle

Rice. Fig. 3. Meetings of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatusj in the Ivanovo region. Fig. 3. Distribution of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatusj in the Ivanovo district.

Rice. 4. Distribution of the greater borer (Aquila clangaj) in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 4. Distribution of the Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj in the Ivanovo district.

Rice. 5. Distribution of the lesser weed (Aquila pomarinaj) in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 5. Distribution of the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarinaj in the Ivanovo district.

on the territory of the Ivanovo region has increased slightly and reaches 5-7 pairs. The key habitat is the Balakhninskaya lowland and the adjacent valleys of the Klyazma and Lukh rivers.

The dwarf eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) is a very rare, possibly breeding species. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (category 1 - endangered species). Occasionally, single birds are observed without signs of nesting. In particular, encounters of the dwarf during the nesting period are known on the territory of the Andronikhovo floodplain (coast of the Gorky Reservoir), the Balakhninskaya lowland, the Klyazminsky reserve (S.V. Romanova, personal communication; Slashchinina, 2012), the village of Shumilovo, Teikovsky district (V. T. Butyev, personal communication).

Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) -

a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - an endangered species.

In the Ivanovo region, nesting of greater spotted eagles is known in the 40-50s in the northwestern part - the Volga and Komsomolsky districts (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Within the region, Greater Spotted Eagles are observed nesting in the floodplain of the middle reaches of the river. Lukh, in the Klyazma floodplain, in swampy forests on the border of the Gavrilovo-Posad district and the Yuryev-Polsky district of the Vladimir region, in the Komsomolsky district, in the Andronikhovo floodplain (Gorky Reservoir). Complex of floodplain landscapes of the river. The Klyazma and its tributaries are one of the most important core populations of this species in Europe. In particular, in the floodplain of the middle reaches of the river. There are 6 nesting territories known in Lukh, 4-5 nesting territories are known in the Klyazma floodplain within the Ivanovo region, and a nesting area regularly occupied by the spotted eagle is also known in the area between the Klyazma and Lukh rivers. In total, 8-12 pairs of Greater Spotted Eagles nest annually in the Klyazma-Lukha grouping, and up to 20 pairs nest throughout the region.

Lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomlrinл) -

a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. IN

Rice. Fig. 6. Distribution of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaеtosJ in the Ivanovo district.

Rice. 7. Distribution of the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicillaj in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 7. Distribution of the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicillaj in the Ivanovo district.

Rice. 8. Meetings of the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinusj in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 8. Distribution of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinusj in the Ivanovo district.

Nesting of 3-5 pairs is known in the region. In particular, nesting of 2-3 pairs is known in the Klyazminsky reserve (Melnikov, 2004; Slashchinina, 2012); during the nesting period, lesser spotted eagles were noted in the area of ​​Lake. Shadrino (middle reaches of the Lukh River), in the north of the Gavrilovo-Posad district, in the Volga region (Kalinin A.A., personal communication). A single successful nesting of the Lesser Spotted Eagle was noted in the vicinity of the city of Ivanovo, in a forest belt near the fields of the educational farm of the IGSHA in 2007 (Melnikov, 2012). The settlements of lesser spotted eagles in the Ivanovo region are the most eastern ones identified so far. At the same time, hybridization of the species with the greater spotted eagle is known (Melnikov et al., 2008).

Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaеtos) is a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - an endangered species.

Single pairs live on the territory of the Ivanovo region - territorial birds were noted in the river valley. Lukh, a couple with a chick - at the Gorkovsky Reservoir. The territorial pair, which was observed in the Balakhninskaya lowland for a number of years, was not registered after the fires of 2010 (Shmeleva, 2013).

White-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus

albicilla) is a very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - an endangered species. In the Ivanovo region, it is currently regularly observed on the Gorky Reservoir and its spurs - in the lower reaches of the river. Nodoga, Zhelvata, Nemda, and was also recorded during the nesting period on the Morkushsky reservoir, on the river. Lukh, b. Klyazma, in the Balakhninskaya lowland, on the Uvodsky reservoir. In 2012, a residential nest was discovered in the western part of the Klyazminsky reserve, on the border with the Vladimir region. Since 2010, a residential eagle nest on the river. Klyazma in the area of ​​the pier named after. February 8 observed by D. Malakhov

Rice. Fig. 9. Distribution of the Eagle Owl (Bubo buboj in the Ivanovo district.

Rice. 10. Identified nesting areas of the great gray owl (Strix nebulosa) in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 10. Distribution of the Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) in the Ivanovo district.

(private message). In 2013 Here we have repeatedly observed a pair of adult eagles carrying food towards the nest. In total, at least 5-7 pairs of eagles nest in the region.

Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is a very rare, possibly breeding species. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (category 1 - endangered species). In the Ivanovo region at the beginning of the 20th century. The peregrine falcon nested in the center of r. Ivanovo, on the old bell tower, until the birds were shot at the numerous requests of pigeon breeders (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Until the mid-50s. last century sapsa-

we nested in the city of Gavrilov Posad (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Currently, migratory birds are occasionally recorded, including in the cities of Ivanovo and Shuya. The wounded peregrine falcon was found in the Teykovsky district and taken to the Ivanovo Zoo (Melnikov et al., 2000). During the nesting period, the peregrine falcon was recorded on the territory of the Klyazminsky reserve, in the valley of the river. Lukh, on the Gorky Reservoir, at the peat mining sites of the Teikovsky and Pestyakovsky districts (Red Book of the Ivanovo Region, 2007), in the Andronikhovo floodplain (Gorkovsky Reservoir), at the Bolshoye Boloto peat mining site. Regular meetings during the nesting period suggest nesting of single pairs.

Eagle owl (Bubo bubo) is a very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - an endangered species. Encounters are very rare in the central part of the region (the village of Tserkovnovo), recorded in the north of the region - near the village. Reshma, in the Zavolzhsky district near the village of Posulovo, in the valley of the river. Nodoga (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Mating vocalizations were observed in the middle reaches of the river. Luh. There is unverified data about sightings of the eagle owl in the west of the region, in the vicinity of the Markush Reservoir.

The most significant habitat of the eagle owl in the Ivanovo region is the Balakhninskaya lowland. Five nesting territories were identified here, mating vocalizations were recorded annually, broods, remains of prey, and fluttering animals were repeatedly noted. But after the fires of 2010, the species is not found there (Shmeleva, 2013). In total, 10-15 pairs are expected to nest on the territory of the Ivanovo region, probably the number of last years decreased.

Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa)

It is included in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region with category 3 - a species with low numbers and sporadic distribution over large areas. Rare breeding species. On the territory of the Ivanovo region, during the nesting period, it was recorded in the Zavolzhsky region (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), near the village of Degtyarevo, in the Klyazminsky reserve. Nesting was observed in Za-

Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). Photo by V. Melnikov.

Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). Photo by V. Melnikov.

Teikhinsky reserve (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), in the middle reaches (M.V. Sheptukhovsky, personal communication) and lower reaches of the Teza (Melnikov et al., 2005), in the Balakhninskaya lowland (Melnikov et al., 2009). In August 2013, a brood of Great Gray Owl (2 chicks) was photographed using a camera trap at a feeding area for moose in the Lobtsovsky protective area, Leninskaya Dacha tract, Gavrilovo-Posadsky district"2.

The number has increased slightly, the total number of the species in the region is estimated at 50 pairs. Unfortunately, in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (2007), as a result of a technical error, the “abundance” section in the essay on the great gray owl was made up of another species, so the population density and total number of the species in the region indicated there is overestimated by an order of magnitude.

Plot in the Balakhninskaya lowland near the lake. Tonki, where the nest was located, known for a number of years, was burned during a fire in 2010 and was cut down in 2012. After the fires, the great gray owl was not recorded in this area (Shmeleva, 2013).

Literature

Bacca S.V., Kiseleva N.Yu. Key ornithological territories of the Nizhny Novgorod region. - Inventory, monitoring and protection of key ornithological territories of Russia. Vol. 3. M., 2001. P. 98-110.

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