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Gzhel and Khokhloma plates using plasticine painting technique MBOU "Secondary School No. 8 in Vyborg" Kapustina Tatyana Nikolaevna

Plasticine is simply a unique material, it is so soft and flexible that not only modeling, but also drawing with it is a pleasure! In this master class on creative development I will show the child not even drawing, but real painting with plasticine. And we will make a beautiful and elegant plasticine plate “under Khokhloma” or “under Gzhel”

Materials: Plasticine, paper or plastic plate, varnish, stacks Let's get to work Making the background. Spread a thin layer of black (blue) plasticine on a plate. We make a narrow strip along the edges in contrasting yellow (white)

Using a stack or a pencil, draw the outline of the future drawing. It can be anything! We make plant motifs characteristic of Khokhloma (Gzhel)

We take colored (white) plasticine and gradually apply it to the drawing, “filling in” the outlined contours

In the same way, fill the entire intended drawing with plasticine of different colors.

When the drawing is ready, add details with a stack or a pencil - veins in the leaves. Cover the plate with water-acrylic varnish and leave to dry. Now it will shine like a real Gzhel or Khokhloma!

And here are our works! Blue miracle!

Plates “under Khokhloma”

Try it and you will succeed!

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Decorating a plastic plate using the Decoupage technique - an activity in the "Crafty Hands" club

Goals: To develop the personality of a creator capable of realizing his creative ideas in the field different types decorative and applied arts.[[("type":"media","view_mode":"media_large","fid":"379...

Purpose: To promote aesthetic perception and appreciation by students Khokhloma painting in decorating various household items. Planned results: Personal: develop imaginative thinking in students, as well as...

Golden Khokhloma is a bright, original phenomenon of Russian folk arts and crafts. This traditional art craft has a history of more than three hundred years. It arose in the 17th century in the Nizhny Novgorod Trans-Volga region near the trading village of Khokhloma.

In this remote forest region, very favorable conditions have historically developed for the development of folk arts and crafts. The entire territory of the region was like one workshop scattered across hundreds of villages, where the residents, as if by agreement, divided the entire technological process among themselves. Village residents engaged in individual labor operations settled nearby, forming their own “workshop” or “bush.” Each group of villages had a center - a large trading village, where peasants came every week to the market to sell their products. The villages where wooden utensils were sharpened and painted were grouped around the large trading village of Khokhloma, which gave its name to the entire art of painting.

Wooden utensils have been common in Rus' since ancient times: a wooden spoon or bowl could be seen on the table of a noblewoman and in a peasant’s hut, in the household of a rich official and in royal everyday life. Decorative wooden dishes were painted in bright, rich colors and painted with different paints, sometimes with gold and silver. A beautifully decorated spoon or ladle was considered a gift. But even the simplest dishes could not be used unpainted: hot food weakened the wood and cracks formed in it. Therefore, unpainted dishes were covered with drying oil - boiled linseed oil.

Painted, and even with gold, dishes were inaccessible to the peasant. However, folk craftsmen were able to make dishes no worse than the gold boyars, but peasants could also use them. This is how dishes with Khokhloma painting appeared - dishes that can easily withstand hot heat, are not afraid, according to the masters, of either heat or cold, wash well, last a long time, but the elegance rivals gold, and in price access to the poor.

The origin of the techniques for painting wooden utensils golden without the use of gold remains a mystery even to specialists today. The original technology, proven over centuries, is the magical process that turns ordinary white wood into a shiny gold product.

The process of making Khokhloma dishes is not at all simple. First, the product was hammered out of raw wood. White dishes (“linen”) were kept at room temperature for 12-15 days to dry. Then it was primed and coated with clay. The fact is that wood is a very porous material, and in order to close all the pores and create a waterproof layer, it had to be coated. Ordinary clay turned out to be a good material for this. The craftsmen called this clay vap, which is why the process of impregnating products with clay began to be called vapening. The clay was dissolved in warm water, the pieces were kneaded, mixed, obtaining a solution of a certain thickness. Then they lubricated the walls of the product with a thick layer and left it for a while - the solution should have been absorbed. Then they lubricated it again. The product, which had been vaporized in this way, with a clay crust formed on it, was placed on boards where it was supposed to dry.

The dried product was soaked in uncooked linseed oil and again left for a short time so that the clay layer mixed with the oil. Then the product was polished, wiping the surface with bast sponge and linen rags. After polishing, the product was placed on boards in a heated oven and kept there for 4-5 hours.

The next operation is putty, that is, putting the product with clay mixed with drying oil. This mixture was supposed to repair all unevenness, knots, cracks and other wood defects. The plastered-leaf product was again placed to dry.

This was followed by treatment with drying oil to create an oil film on the product. The products were coated with drying oil three times, each time in between they were dried again and only then were they placed in the oven at a temperature of 80-90 degrees. The product, tinned in this way, was tinned - coated with tin (aluminum) powder, and it became “silver”. Only after this was the product ready for painting. The painted tinned product was again generously coated with drying oil and placed on boards in a cool oven to heat. And only then did the “silver” products magically turn into “gold”, finally acquiring such a familiar look to everyone.

In Khokhloma painting, “grass” is an ornament made with separate rhythmically arranged strokes.

All elements of the herbal ornament are drawn immediately with a brush, without applying a preliminary drawing with a pencil, and the brush must be held with three fingers perpendicular to the surface of the leaf. The exercise includes the main elements of “grass”:

“Sedges” are the simplest element of the pattern; it is performed with a slight movement of the tip of the brush from top to bottom;

“Blanks of grass” are strokes with a slight smooth thickening;

“Droplets” are drawn by applying the brush to the paper;

“Whiskers” are drawn as a continuous line of equal thickness, twisted into a spiral.

“Curls” are performed with light pressure in the middle of the element;

“Bush” is the most complex element of “grass”; it consists of simpler symmetrically arranged elements - “sedges”, “blades of grass”, “droplets”, “antennae” and “curls”.

In all improvisation tasks, children first examine the painting done by the master, and then independently paint the design of the product.

With your children, look at a cup with a herbal pattern made by a master. The festive and solemn color of the painting is achieved by a combination of gold, red and black colors.

Children are invited to independently invent and decorate a spoon with elements of herbal patterns, using two colors - black and red.

Khokhloma - old Russian folk craft, born in the 17th century in the Nizhny Novgorod district. An old legend tells: once upon a time there lived a man in the Nizhny Novgorod forests, on the banks of a quiet river. We don’t know who he is or where he came from. The man carved wooden cups and spoons and painted them so that they seemed to be made of pure gold. The king found out about this and became angry: “Why don’t I have such a master in my palace?! Give it to me! Immediately!" He tapped his staff, stamped his foot, and sent soldiers to take the craftsman to the palace. The soldiers set off to carry out the royal order, but no matter how much they searched, they could not find the master’s miracle. He went to God knows where, but first he taught local peasants how to make gold utensils. In every hut cups and spoons sparkled with gold.

The village of Khokhloma, Koverninsky district, Nizhny Novgorod region, is considered the birthplace of Khokhloma.

Products for Khokhloma painting, most often dishes and furniture, are made of wood. But before painting on them, the surface is coated with a primer and shiny oil using a special technology. Then this shiny surface is tinned - aluminum powder is rubbed into it with a soft cloth, from which it becomes silvery and very smooth, and after varnishing - golden. The dishes are painted “Khokhloma” with oil paints. Traditional elements of Khokhloma are red juicy rowan and strawberries, flowers and branches. Birds, fish and animals are also often found.

Red, black, gold and green are the colors of Khokhloma. To liven up the pattern, a little white is allowed.

Painting can be “top” - a design is applied to a silver blank in red and black; and “under the background” - first the outline of the ornament is outlined, and then the background is filled with black paint, while the pattern itself is not painted, but remains silver. When we varnish, the silver coating will turn golden and look as if it was made of gold :)

Let's practice horse Khokhloma painting? To do this, you need to print a sheet with the pattern or utensils you like. And there - pick up a brush and paints and go!

Grass - a pattern of large and small blades of grass. Pattern elements: sedges, blades of grass, droplets, tendrils, curls and bushes.

Herbal ornament.

Leaf pattern - stems and leaves.

The berry pattern includes the following ornaments: lingonberry, gooseberry, currant, strawberry, rowan, raspberry.

The “gingerbread” ornament is usually painted inside a cup or dish; it is a geometric figure (square or rhombus) decorated with grass, berries, and flowers.

In painting "under the background" the element "curl" is more often used. Curl painting is a rich, lush pattern with round, intricate curls reminiscent of curls. It is not the patterns themselves that are drawn, but the dark background. And the resulting pattern is supplemented with small colored elements (postscripts). This process is much more labor-intensive than horse painting.

Painted items are coated with a special varnish 4-5 times (with intermediate drying after each layer) and finally hardened for 3-4 hours in an oven at a temperature of +150 +160 °C until a golden-colored oil-varnish film is formed. This is how the famous “golden Khokhloma” is obtained.

Anna Kholina

The presentation was compiled for children of the middle group, for use in classes modeling on familiarization with Khokhloma painting.

On this class, the presentation helped to visually introduce preschoolers to the ancient Russian folk craft, which is decorative painting wooden utensils and furniture, etc. The presentation slides show photographs with examples of utensils painted Khokhloma. Adapted information is also presented in the form of a history of occurrence Khokhloma painting,literary word (excerpt of poem), and illustrations of types of painting and stages of preparing dishes for painting. The colorful illustrations on the slides simply fascinated the children.

The children really liked it, we learned the poem and reinforced the material occupation on artistic and aesthetic development - sculpting. The children made a plate using a disk and a spoon with Khokhloma pattern . The children happily took the crafts home and were impressed by classes shared with parents! Also, we created a mini-museum in the group, where there was collected: spoons, dishes, crafts for children and parents. And one mother is a needlewoman, she even baked gingerbread cookies with Khokhloma painting!

Publications on the topic:

Lesson summary "Golden Khokhloma" Municipal autonomous preschool educational institution Kindergarten combined type No. 43 “Spring” Summary directly.

Behind last years Interest in using works of folk arts and crafts in working with children has noticeably increased.

Abstract of the NOD “Golden Khokhloma” Abstract of the educational activity "Golden Khokhloma" Educational tasks: to generalize and consolidate children's knowledge about traditional Russian crafts of Khokhloma. Introduce.

The work uses elements of a grass pattern - curls, a leaf pattern - grass ornament, and a berry pattern. Khokhloma colors - Red, black.

OD with older children “Golden Khokhloma” Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution, combined kindergarten No. 5 municipality Uspensky.

Goal: To continue to expand ideas about the Khokhloma folk craft with the help of non-traditional fine art techniques, such as.

Project “Sorceress-dandy, golden Khokhloma” Relevance The preschool period of a child’s life is the time of formation of a person’s moral and spiritual qualities. And will these qualities be formed?

PROJECT TOPIC: “Golden Khokhloma” Type of project: informational and creative Sections: Communication, Knowledge, Socialization, Artistic creativity.

MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
"KINDERGARTEN "KOLOBOK" S. PEROVO" SIMFEROPOL DISTRICT
REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

Abstract

directly educational activities

Subject: "Golden Khokhloma"

Educational area: "Artistic and aesthetic

development"

Prepared by the teacher

Senior speech therapy group

MBDOU "Kindergarten "Kolobok"

S. Perovo", Simferopol district

Kononova Tatyana Vitalievna

Tasks:

Educational: continue to introduce children to Khokhloma painting, teach how to depict elements of painting using plasticine, using templates, use the tool correctly - a stack, reinforce the techniques of rolling and rolling;

Educational:develop a sense of composition, the ability to beautifully arrange a pattern on a given silhouette, sensorimotor skills - consistency in the work of the eyes and hands, creative thinking, imagination, attention;

Educational:cultivate interest in folk crafts and traditions, mutual respect, and the desire to work together;

Material: wax plasticine in yellow, green and red colors, a blank panel made of black cardboard, stacks, boards for modeling, patterns of leaves, flowers and birds, audio recordings of Russian folk songs “Oh, Curly Rowan”, “Rowan”, melodies with ditties about Khokhloma, exhibits fairs of folk craftsmen from Gzhel, Zhostovo, Khokhloma.

Preliminary work: reading poems about folk crafts, looking at albums with elements of folk paintings / Zhostovo, Gzhel, Khokhloma /, learning proverbs about labor, folk ditties, making molds and rowan branches - kriul from yellow wax plasticine;

Vocabulary work: plasticineography, panels, Khokhloma, Gzhel, Zhostovo; Direct educational activities.

Children enter the group and stand in a semicircle, greeting guests: “Welcome, dear guests!”

1.Entering a game situation.

The teacher draws the children's attention to a beautifully decorated group in folk style.

Guys, look at the unusual atmosphere in our group. Today we have a fair of handicrafts here.

Who knows what folk crafts are?/children’s answers/

It’s true that for a long time good craftsmen who made and then painted beautiful dishes and household items enjoyed good fame among the people. How did they talk about such masters?

-"Handyman!"

That’s right, now I’ll read you riddles, and you try to guess what types of folk paintings we’re talking about.

The children sit down on the carpet. The teacher makes riddles about the types of folk paintings.

*Snow-white daisies

They applied it to the trays

Roses, poppies, forget-me-nots

They blossomed in a black field./Zhostovo painting/

The teacher puts a picture on the easel depicting a product in the style of Zhostovo painting.

Well done, guys, how does Zhostovo painting differ from other paintings?/Children’s answers/

Yes, indeed, the flowers, which are located on a black background, distinguish this painting from others. Next riddle.

*This dish is simply a miracle,

The color blue is running everywhere

And a pattern is born -

I can’t take my eyes off./Gzhel painting/

A picture depicting Gzhel painting is exhibited.

Guys, remember why the folk craftsmen from the city of Gzhel chose the blue color for their painting? /children’s answers/

The last riddle, listen carefully.

*All leaves are like leaves

Here everyone is golden,

People call this kind of beauty.../Khokhloma/

Guys, what elements of Khokhloma folk painting do you know? /children’s answers/

There are types of paintings that can be described in one word. For example, Gzhel is called blue because there is a lot of blue in it, but how would you say about Khokhloma in one word? What is it?/Golden/

Guys, let’s make autumn gifts for your parents with the motifs of this painting, because there are so many golden autumn colors in Khokhloma. These are wonderful panels - paintings that can be hung on the wall. Let's repeat this word. Alina, please repeat this word. We will carry out our painting not with paints, but with the help of wax plasticine. This technique is called "plasticineography". Let's repeat this word. Individual answers.

Do you know that folk craftsmen worked not only one at a time, but also in twos and threes to help and complement each other. Let's try to make a panel in pairs. I have a box with chips, we take a chip and sit down at the table with the same color. Held interactive game"Find a match." The children take their places. The teacher tells and shows step by step execution work.

Please note that we have already started designing the panels in the previous lesson? What have we already done with you? /Criul/

First I'll make the bird. To do this, I’ll take a yellow plate, put a bird template on top, circle it and cut it out using a stack, and attach it to the middle of the circle. Then, I will cut out the leaves and attach them to a rowan branch. Next, I’ll take a ball of red plasticine and roll out a thin roller with straight hand movements, cut identical bars into stacks, roll up rowan berries, and attach them to the panel using a pressing technique. Then, using the template, I will cut out the flowers from the yellow plate and also attach them to the panel. And at the end of the work, I will decorate the bird by making a wing from a leaf template, feathers, leaves and rowan berries using a stack. What a beautiful panel it turned out to be.

Now, before we get started, let's exercise our fingers.

2. Finger gymnastics “Rowan Leaves” is carried out

Rowan leaves are quietly spinning / clench and unclench your fists/

Leaves fall quietly under your feet / circular rotations with hands/

And they rustle and rustle underfoot/ rubbing palms with straight movements/

As if they want to get dizzy again/ alternate connection of fingers/

Guys, first you will have to agree on who will cut out which elements, and if there are several identical elements, for example flowers, leaves and rowan berries, you can cut them out and sculpt them together.

-WITHwhat will you start working on?

Then what needs to be done?

How will you decorate your work?

The children get to work. Russian folk songs are played. After finishing work, the children come out with their panels and hang them on an easel to show to the guests.

Final part.

Look what beautiful panels you have made.

Which panels did you like the most? Why?

You and I know that ditties are sung at the fair. Will we please our guests?

Children line up in a semicircle and sing ditties.

*Autumn, autumn all by itself

Hides gold in bins

Well, what kind of gold is this?

Everything is pure Khokhloma!

*Khokhloma, so Khokhloma

I'll decorate all the houses

And then to the street,

Rooster and chicken!

*Grandfather before lunch

Made me draw

After all, in beautiful dishes

It’s a pleasure to pour cabbage soup!

We are your farewell guests

Let's say together: “Goodbye!

Children invite guests to see the exhibits of the fair.