Italian strike - rules of conduct

• Perform only the work specified in the job description
• Refuse to work on holidays and weekends and also from overtime work
• If there are no materials or tools necessary for work, inform your superiors about the beginning of the downtime
• Strict compliance by all employees of the enterprise with internal rules labor regulations
• If the employee does not have the necessary protection rules, immediately stop working and notify the employer of the start of the downtime.
• Requirement to provide the necessary safety training
• The main feature of the Italian strike is the inability of the employer to punish its workers in any way

The history of the Italian strike

Italian strike - example

The same method was used by the cunning Jews, employees of Ben Gurion Airport, who carry out border control. At night 3 Martha 2015 In 2008, an Italian strike was held at this airport. As a result, long queues formed. Airport workers scrupulously followed every letter of their rules, which led to a serious slowdown in checks.
What was the reason?
The Jews, as always, were dissatisfied with the conditions of their work. The management of this air harbor took urgent measures, ordered the passage of Israeli citizens without inspection, and the rest had to stand for many hours.

One of effective ways, often used in Lately Russian trade unions in the struggle for increased wages, is work according to the rules or the “Italian strike”. What is the meaning of this action and how does it differ from a regular strike?

The Italian strike is a form of protest, along with a strike and sabotage (but not to be confused), consisting in the extremely strict performance by employees of the enterprise of their official duties and rules, without retreating one step from them and without going beyond them. Sometimes the Italian strike is called work-to-rule.

This method of strike struggle is very effective. No the best way force an unscrupulous employer to meet employees halfway rather than hit him in the pocket, without giving him the opportunity to stop paying wages and punish employees for failure to fulfill official duties. Since it is almost impossible to work strictly according to instructions, coupled with the bureaucratic nature of job descriptions and the inability to take into account all the nuances production activities, this form of protest leads to a significant decline in productivity and, accordingly, to large losses for the enterprise. At the same time, it is difficult to fight the Italian strike with the help of anti-strike laws, and it is almost impossible to bring the initiators to justice, because formally they act in strict accordance with Labor Code.
During a strike, strikers may not necessarily follow all, but only some of the rules. Some experts call such a strike a civilized method of expressing one's dissatisfaction.

For the first time, such a struggle for one’s rights began to be used in Italy (hence the name) at the beginning of the 20th century. According to some reports, these were Italian pilots who, fighting for their rights, agreed to do everything strictly according to the instructions. As a result, the number of flights was significantly reduced. According to other sources, the Italian police were the first to use the Italian strike. One of the sites reports that the first such strike actually occurred in Italy in 1904 with railway workers.

In Russia, the term “Italian strike” has been known at least since the beginning of the 20th century. For example, the newspaper “Russkoe Slovo” in its issue dated July 22 (09), 1907, reports:
"On St. Petersburg-Warsaw railway an “Italian” strike is carried out, which consists of strictly following instructions during maneuvers, due to which trains are late and many are cancelled.”

In Russia, the Italian strike at the Ford assembly plant near St. Petersburg is known.

An Italian strike is also sometimes (inaccurately) referred to as a refusal to leave work despite an order from the employer.

In Russian literature, the Italian strike is described in D.D. Nagishkin’s novel “The Heart of Bonivur”: during the Japanese intervention in the Far East, workers decide to play the “Italian bagpipe”:
“...The controller jumped away from the riveter.
- Are you Italian?
— It’s better to be Italian than Japanese!

The controller rushed around his area. He saw that the lesson had hardly progressed in the morning, despite the outward impression of intense work. The senior controller ran to the department...”

The content of the term “strike” in its traditional understanding is disclosed in labor legislation. In accordance with Art. 398 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, a strike should be understood as a temporary voluntary refusal of workers to perform labor duties (in whole or in part) in order to resolve a collective labor dispute. The procedure for declaring and conducting a strike is also clearly regulated by labor legislation.

In contrast, the concept of “Italian strike” to the Russian labor legislation unknown, and its conduct is not regulated by any legal norms. And in practice, the “Italian strike” means work in conditions of strict compliance with all production standards, labor protection rules, industrial and fire safety, time of work and rest, refusal to work overtime and work on weekends, etc.

Since the legislation does not contain such a concept as an “Italian strike”, the procedure for its conduct, mandatory prior notification of the employer about its conduct, duration, other conditions, as well as any responsibility for carrying out this action is not established. Therefore, the Italian strike as a tool for protecting the interests of workers has a clear advantage over a regular strike, because carrying out the latter is possible only after a number of mandatory procedures (holding a conference of workers, the presence of a legally initiated collective labor dispute, going through conciliation procedures, etc.), the preparation and implementation of which requires, at best, at least 2 months. In addition, the employer has the opportunity to further delay these procedures by interfering with the holding of the conference, appealing the actions of employees and the trade union in court, etc.

The question arises: if an Italian strike is work in strict accordance with established rules, job descriptions, etc., then why is it called a strike, because the worker continues to perform job responsibilities? The point is that even according to the rules, you can work in different ways. You can stay late at work during your lunch break or at the end of the working day, you can agree to work on weekends and overtime, you can do work that is not stipulated employment contract and so on. Or, as established by the internal labor regulations, you can start and finish work in strict accordance with shift schedules, refuse overtime and work on weekends, refuse to work on faulty equipment until the faults are eliminated, and not perform any work other than that provided for in the employment contract and job description instructions, strictly observe the rules of labor protection, industrial and fire safety and stop work if there is a threat to the life and health of workers, etc. Moreover, all this is absolutely legal, and cannot be the basis for applying any disciplinary measures to the employee.

Recently, Italian strikes have periodically taken place in large Russian enterprises and almost always produce positive results for employees. To the Italian strikes for last years Dockers of the Sea Port of St. Petersburg and the Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port, employees of OJSC Kachkanarsky GOK Vanadium, the Leningrad Metal Plant, the Ford plant in Vsevolozhsk and many other enterprises came running.

Thus, the “Italian strike” is a common, effective, civilized and legal way for workers to defend their interests.

What is an Italian strike as defined by its organizers? Let us cite statements recorded by A. Ilyin from members of the trade union committee of the Ford Motor Company plant in Vsevolozhsk, who have a rich practical experience carrying out such actions.
“This,” explained one of the members of the trade union committee, “is work according to the rules.” It is known that work instructions are partially carried out here. To put it mildly. As a rule, take more, throw further. As soon as we start working according to the rules, we experience such a decline in productivity...
- This is not a strike. Only the name. This is how we have to work. And now we are working in violation of all requirements. And for this we would be punished for not complying with them. Approach the safety engineer and ask for instructions.
The Italian strike at Ford took place from November 21 to November 25, 2005. According to most sources, during the Italian strike, the plant reduced production volumes by 15 - 20 cars per day (315 cars less per week), which, according to experts, could create severe interruptions in the delivery of the required number of cars to dealers, and from them to customers . According to trade union committee estimates, the decline was up to 30%.
- The Italian strike was prepared in one day. On Sunday we sat down and decided, then we postponed it for a week. At first they doubted that it would work, but when pressure... And when they realized that people would not go on a normal strike before the New Year, because everyone wanted to earn money, they decided to do an Italian one.
Working according to the rules to varying degrees disrupts normal production, which is based on the assumption of systematic violations of the rules. The main focus was the control of rules during transportation.
- Big role delivery played a role. The guys on the tractors began to drive 5 km per hour as expected, just super, the line immediately began to jam.
- Our brigade fulfilled the requirement: “5 km per hour.” The purpose of the strike is not to kill production, but to achieve something. For example, we added people. Previously, this was not noticeable, we rush around, tongue on shoulder. Further, you cannot drive past the equipment closer than a few meters. They: “But we have cars!” The plant is not designed to comply with all these rules.

True, observing these rules is even more difficult than breaking them. Try driving at 5 km/h for a week. People drive with eyes like these. “Well, fuck you!” - They say.
“They put bottles under their pedals so as not to drive faster.”
The second direction is safety control.
- Immediately in many areas they stopped working on technical specifications, there were downtimes of 4 or 5 hours, then we already had a labor safety inspection, we organized it. As soon as anything happens, they immediately get a call, and they’re on their way: there’s a threat to life!
The workers generally supported the trade union committee's decision on the Italian strike.
- How did the people react to this strike? - I ask the chairman of the trade union committee.
- With delight! You work less, you cost more.
True, not all workers agreed to participate in the strike for various reasons.
“There were strikebreakers,” the chairman admits. But what about here? If the conveyor is standing, then what difference does it make, everyone is standing. But those who violated were cut off, one drove like a wild pilot, we talked to him, he stopped. You can't argue against the team. People are beginning to realize that everything depends on collective action.
As a result of the Italian strike, management began to take rules more seriously.
- The masters are trying to beat us with our own weapons, demanding that all the rules be followed. But they don’t understand that we can get them 100 times more.
- It's for the best. You yourself will get accustomed to order, because there are work-related injuries.

First of all, the primary trade union organization needs to attract as many workers as possible to this action, because the action will only be effective if it is of a mass nature. Make a decision at a meeting labor collective or the trade union committee about the start of work according to the rules and notify the employer about this decision.

In connection with the action, it is necessary to explain to the employees participating in it the following rules (compliance with them eliminates the possibility of bringing the employee to disciplinary liability and increases the effectiveness of this event):

1. Strictly comply with the internal labor regulations (hereinafter - PVTR, paragraph 2, part 2, article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

2. Require actual safety training where it is provided (for example, during hot work), and not just sign in the familiarization log. In accordance with Part 2 of Art. 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employee is obliged to comply with the requirements for labor protection and occupational safety, but at the same time, according to Part 1 of Art. 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an employee has the right to complete reliable information about working conditions and labor protection requirements in the workplace.

3. Strictly comply with the established labor (output) standards (Part 1 of Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), in no case exceeding them.

4. In the absence of equipment, tools, technical documentation and other means necessary for the employee to perform his job duties, immediately report this to the employer (immediate supervisor, other representative of the employer). If due to absence of this equipment, tools, technical documentation, etc. it is impossible for the employee to fulfill his job duties, it is also necessary to notify the employer about the beginning of downtime due to the employer’s fault (part 4 of article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

5. If the employee is not provided with personal and collective protective equipment in accordance with established standards, it is necessary to notify the employer of the start of downtime due to his fault. In accordance with Part 5 of Art. 220 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, in this case, the employer does not have the right to demand that the employee perform labor duties and apply any disciplinary action to an employee in connection with refusal to perform labor duties.

6. If the PVTR states that the employee, upon completion of work, is obliged to clean the workplace (or maintain workplace clean) - to clean the workplace not after the end of the working day, but 5 minutes before the end of the working day, since this is a duty that the employee must perform within a specified time.

7. Perform only the work and observe only those job duties that are provided for by his job (job) responsibilities, with which the employee is familiar.

8. Refuse to work on weekends and holidays(Article 113 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) and from overtime work (Article 99 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). In this case, it is necessary to remember that inviting an employee to work on weekends and holidays overtime work without his consent is possible only in cases specified by law, namely:

1) to prevent a catastrophe, industrial accident or eliminate the consequences of a catastrophe, industrial accident or natural disaster;

2) to prevent accidents, destruction or damage to the employer’s property, state or municipal property;

3) to perform work the need for which is due to the introduction of a state of emergency or martial law, as well as urgent work in emergency circumstances, that is, in the event of a disaster or threat of disaster (fires, floods, famine, earthquakes, epidemics or epizootics) and in other cases, threatening the life or normal living conditions of the entire population or part of it.

Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

Italian strike- also called obstruction- a form of protest, along with a strike and sabotage, consisting in the extremely strict performance by employees of the enterprise of their official duties and rules, without deviating one step from them and without going beyond their limits. Sometimes the Italian strike is called working according to the rules(English) Work-to-rule).

This method of strike struggle is very effective, since it is almost impossible to work strictly according to instructions, and, coupled with the bureaucratic nature of job descriptions and the inability to take into account all the nuances of production activities, this form of protest leads to a significant decline in productivity and, accordingly, to large losses for enterprises. At the same time, it is difficult to fight the Italian strike with the help of anti-strike laws, and it is almost impossible to hold the initiators accountable, since formally they act in strict accordance with the Labor Code.

During a strike, strikers may not necessarily follow all, but only some of the rules. Conspicuously careless work is sometimes also called an Italian strike. Some experts call such a strike a civilized method of expressing one's dissatisfaction.

The use of this form of protest in modern Russia associated with direct translation - “work according to the rules.” In fact, to sabotage and delay the fulfillment of production tasks in Italy, it was not the rules established by official job descriptions that were used, but the rules individually adopted for a specific action by its organizers. The effectiveness of this type of protest lies in the impossibility of the employer replacing the worker with a strikebreaker, since the striker formally does not leave the workplace.

Story

For the first time, such a struggle for one’s rights began to be used in Italy (hence the name) at the beginning of the 20th century. According to some reports, these were Italian pilots who, fighting for their rights, agreed to do everything strictly according to the instructions. As a result, the number of flights was significantly reduced. This is an unlikely version, since the development of aviation was not at the level to be so widespread.

According to other sources, the Italian police were the first to use the Italian strike. One of the sites reports that the first such strike was actually carried out in Italy in 1904 by railway workers.

In Russia, the term “Italian strike” has been known at least since the beginning of the 20th century. For example, the newspaper “Russkoe Slovo” in its issue dated July 22 (09), 1907, reports:

An “Italian” strike is taking place on the St. Petersburg-Warsaw railway, which consists of strictly following instructions during maneuvers, due to which trains are late and many are cancelled.

In Russian literature, the Italian strike is described in Dmitry Dmitrievich Nagishkin’s novel “The Heart of Bonivour”: during the Japanese intervention in the Far East, workers decide to play the “Italian bagpipe”:

The controller jumped away from the riveter.

Are you Italian?
- It's better to be Italian than Japanese!
The controller rushed around his area. He saw that the lesson had hardly progressed in the morning, despite the outward impression of intense work. The senior controller ran to the department.

“Bagpipes” was a type of Italian strike in which protesters deliberately delayed work. Ushakov's dictionary gives the following definition:

|2. only units Harmful or disorderly procrastination, slowness in work in some way. activities; some kind business, actions that drag on for a long time and do not give a meaningful result (colloquially).

A similar term entered into Soviet documents relating to events like the Vichuga general strike of 1932 and the Norilsk prisoner uprising of 1953.

In modern Russia, the Italian strike at the Ford assembly plant near St. Petersburg and the delay in the adoption of amendments to the law on rallies, organized by the Just Russia, which resulted in an unprecedentedly long meeting of the State Duma, are known. It would be more correct to call the latter the word filibuster.

Japanese strike

A similar form of protest is widespread in Japan - the so-called “Japanese strike”. Employees warn the employer about it a month in advance. During the strike, everyone works according to the rules, while details (inscriptions, symbols) are used in clothing that speak about the demands being put forward or simply about the very fact of disagreement with the employer.

Works of art

• Dmitry Nagishkin: Bonivur's Heart: A Novel - 2006 ISBN 5-9533-1426-4
• Arthur Haley: The Moneychangers. Novel. (1975)

see also

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Notes

Excerpt characterizing the Italian strike

In the first days of October, another envoy came to Kutuzov with a letter from Napoleon and a peace proposal, deceptively indicated from Moscow, while Napoleon was already not far ahead of Kutuzov, on the old Kaluga road. Kutuzov responded to this letter in the same way as to the first one sent with Lauriston: he said that there could be no talk of peace.
Soon after this, from the partisan detachment of Dorokhov, who went to the left of Tarutin, a report was received that troops had appeared in Fominskoye, that these troops consisted of the Broussier division and that this division, separated from other troops, could easily be exterminated. The soldiers and officers again demanded action. The staff generals, excited by the memory of the ease of victory at Tarutin, insisted to Kutuzov that Dorokhov’s proposal be implemented. Kutuzov did not consider any offensive necessary. What happened was the mean, what had to happen; A small detachment was sent to Fominskoye, which was supposed to attack Brusier.
By a strange coincidence, this appointment - the most difficult and most important, as it turned out later - was received by Dokhturov; that same modest, little Dokhturov, whom no one described to us as drawing up battle plans, flying in front of regiments, throwing crosses at batteries, etc., who was considered and called indecisive and uninsightful, but the same Dokhturov, whom during all Russian wars with the French, from Austerlitz until the thirteenth year, we find ourselves in charge wherever the situation is difficult. In Austerlitz, he remains the last at the Augest dam, gathering regiments, saving what he can, when everything is running and dying and not a single general is in the rearguard. He, sick with a fever, goes to Smolensk with twenty thousand to defend the city against the entire Napoleonic army. In Smolensk, as soon as he dozed off at the Molokhov Gate, in a paroxysm of fever, he was awakened by cannonade across Smolensk, and Smolensk held out all day. On Borodino Day, when Bagration was killed and the troops of our left flank were killed in a ratio of 9 to 1 and the entire force of the French artillery was sent there, no one else was sent, namely the indecisive and indiscernible Dokhturov, and Kutuzov hurries to correct his mistake when he sent there another. And small, quiet Dokhturov goes there, and Borodino is the best glory of the Russian army. And many heroes are described to us in poetry and prose, but almost not a word about Dokhturov.
Again Dokhturov is sent there to Fominskoye and from there to Maly Yaroslavets, to the place where the last battle with the French took place, and to the place from which, obviously, the death of the French already begins, and again many geniuses and heroes are described to us during this period of the campaign , but not a word about Dokhturov, or very little, or doubtful. This silence about Dokhturov most obviously proves his merits.
Naturally, for a person who does not understand the movement of a machine, when he sees its action, it seems that the most important part of this machine is that splinter that accidentally fell into it and, interfering with its progress, flutters in it. A person who does not know the structure of the machine cannot understand that it is not this splinter that spoils and interferes with the work, but that small transmission gear that silently turns, is one of the most essential parts of the machine.

Drawing: Dmitry Petrov / "Solidarity"

A form of collective protest action in which employees of a particular enterprise work strictly in accordance with the law and regulations of your enterprise, absolutely without deviating from the norms and without doing anything beyond the prescribed obligations. Since the implementation of all bureaucratic procedures in any country and at any enterprise is practically impossible, the Italian strike leads to a significant slowdown in work and a decrease in labor productivity (in some cases, it comes to a complete stop of production). At the same time, the participants in the Italian strike act completely in accordance with the law, which means it is not possible to hold them accountable under any article of the law.

First of all, the primary trade union organization needs to attract as many workers as possible to this action, because the action will only be effective if it is of a mass nature. Make a decision at a meeting of the labor collective or trade union committee to begin work according to the rules and notify the employer about this decision.

In connection with the action, it is necessary to explain to the employees participating in it the following rules (compliance with them eliminates the possibility of bringing the employee to disciplinary liability and increases the effectiveness of this event):

1. Strictly comply with the internal labor regulations (hereinafter - PVTR, paragraph 2, part 2, article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

2. Require actual safety training where it is provided (for example, during hot work), and not just sign in the familiarization log. In accordance with Part 2 of Art. 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employee is obliged to comply with the requirements for labor protection and occupational safety, but at the same time, according to Part 1 of Art. 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an employee has the right to complete reliable information about working conditions and labor protection requirements in the workplace.

3. Strictly comply with the established labor (output) standards (Part 1 of Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), in no case exceeding them.

4. In the absence of equipment, tools, technical documentation and other means necessary for the employee to perform his job duties, immediately notify the employer (immediate supervisor, other representative of the employer). If due to the lack of this equipment, tools, technical documentation, etc. it is impossible for the employee to fulfill his job duties, it is also necessary to notify the employer about the beginning of downtime due to the employer’s fault (part 4 of article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

5. If the employee is not provided with personal and collective protective equipment in accordance with established standards, it is necessary to notify the employer of the start of downtime due to his fault. In accordance with Part 5 of Art. 220 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, in this case, the employer does not have the right to require the employee to perform labor duties and to apply any disciplinary sanctions to the employee in connection with refusal to perform labor duties.

6. If the PVTR states that the employee is obliged to clean the workplace at the end of work (or keep the workplace clean) - clean the workplace not after the end of the working day, but 5 minutes before the end of the working day, since this is the employee’s responsibility which he is obliged to carry out within a specified time.

7. Perform only the work and observe only those job duties that are provided for by his job (job) responsibilities, with which the employee is familiar.

8. Refuse to work on weekends and holidays (Article 113 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) and overtime work (Article 99 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). In this case, it is necessary to remember that engaging an employee to work on holidays and overtime without his consent is possible only in cases specified by law, namely:

1) to prevent a catastrophe, industrial accident or eliminate the consequences of a catastrophe, industrial accident or natural disaster;

2) to prevent accidents, destruction or damage to the employer’s property, state or municipal property;

3) to perform work the need for which is due to the introduction of a state of emergency or martial law, as well as urgent work in emergency circumstances, that is, in the event of a disaster or threat of disaster (fires, floods, famine, earthquakes, epidemics or epizootics) and in other cases, threatening the life or normal living conditions of the entire population or part of it.

Variation on a theme - Japanese strike

According to the free encyclopedia Wikipedia, a similar form of protest similar to the Italian strike is widespread in Japan - the so-called "Japanese strike". A month before the start, employees notify the employer. During the strike, everyone works according to the rules, while details (inscriptions, symbols) are used in clothing that speak about the demands being put forward or simply about the very fact of disagreement with the employer.

A protest movement or strike at an enterprise is an unpleasant thing, but it is even worse if the employer does not know how to prevent it and deal with it if it has already occurred. The round table of the Committee on human resources in the Russian Managers Association.

Industrial disturbances are not only unpleasant, but also inevitable. One way of expressing them is the Italian strike. In the classical foreign understanding, such a protest is work strictly within the framework of the job description. The employee refuses to do anything beyond that. The reasons for the strikes are known: discontent. But the worker needs a reason to start protesting.

One of the first reasons for dissatisfaction is salary. What’s interesting is that it’s usually not those who earn little who go on strike, but those whose salaries are quite decent.

According to the round table participants, God himself ordered protests in Russia - there are many more bottlenecks and technical omissions at our enterprises than in any European country or America. And people’s comparison of their salaries with the salaries of workers at similar Western factories gives rise to serious discontent. We have learned to count other people's money, but we have not learned to work like a Westerner. It happens that demands are illogical and unfounded.

For example, employers of European subsidiaries were faced with demands to increase salaries by 3 times with the motivation: “We want to live like colleagues in Western countries- why are we worse? It is simple to explain why Russians are “worse”: labor productivity is not growing, and violations of discipline continue. But, strangely enough, these arguments do not work. Concessions to workers in such conditions is a very dangerous trend, and if it is allowed to develop, wages will inflate and efficiency will not increase. The employer will move enterprises to countries where they are more profitable.

National character

On any Russian plant organizing an Italian strike could not be easier - the degree of deterioration of the equipment is such that, according to almost all industrial safety rules, it is possible to work on it only by violating the instructions, the discussion participants believe. The enterprises were founded in the Soviet period, and since then, much of the equipment has already expired, and labor standards were different 20-30 years ago. And even regardless of investment in new production capacity the situation leaves much to be desired.

This form of protest is scary because during an ordinary strike organized by law, directors come to the aid of a collective agreement, despite the fact that it extremely weakly protects the interests of employers; they can act within the legal framework. Strictly defined legal procedures allow a small, competent, mobile team of well-trained lawyers, labor workers and other specialists to begin negotiations with employee representatives.

In the case of “working according to the rules” (see page 8) Unfortunately, the law is silent on what an employer should do, but a decrease in labor productivity and loss of profit are inevitable for him. The Italian strike can only be resisted by local specialists - shop managers, department heads. But the paradox is that none of them is ready to work with protest sentiments - line managers consider themselves to be part of the same community of workers. And even if department heads are motivated to take the employer’s side, they lack the necessary knowledge and skills: they cannot always explain the employer’s position and distinguish between actions within the framework of work according to the rules and direct sabotage.

For example, if a car that is about to go on a route does not have a speed indicator on, refusal to work is legal, but a complaint about the absence of a mat when leaving the premises is not a reason for absence from the workplace, but sabotage. However, people take advantage of this and are convinced that the law will be on their side.

By the way, one of the ways to reduce costs when working according to the rules is to recertify your knowledge of safety rules during the Italian strike. The audit shows that many workers often do not remember the fundamental standards and cannot be allowed to work in the first place. In this case, part of the salary for the period when they are not working at full capacity can be deducted.

Always ready

It is difficult to prevent an Italian strike, but it is quite possible to be prepared for it. You need to know well all the bottlenecks of the enterprise that threaten to stop or underload production. In these sectors, there should be strong line managers in leadership positions. It should be noted that this is not always easy: industrial engineering specialties were in poor demand at a certain period of time and the quality of personnel does not always meet modern requirements. These people are primarily technicians and, as managers, are not the most effective workers.

The discussion participants agreed that the most effective way to avoid protest is to rely on line management. This will not help avoid protest as a whole, since it is generated by society itself, but it will allow it to fit into linear structure enterprises. Employers start from the wrong premises: they are trying to either rely on the law or make friends with the trade union. But the law does not work in the case of an Italian strike, and friendship with the trade union may be useless, because the origins of the protest are among the workers, not the trade unionists.

If there is an authoritative master in the workshop, there will never be a protest, since discontent often has personal roots. It is useless to punish a worker - he will not change, he can only be stimulated. Probably, foremen or shop managers should be given, for example, the right to distribute social benefits. If a worker turns to the factory management, it means that the authority of the foreman has fallen and the manager of this section needs to be changed, otherwise discontent will not be avoided in the future.

The second precautionary measure in the case of the Italian strike is a reserve of trained people who have certificates and licenses to work with complex equipment in the workshops of potential rioters. In case of refusal to work, management can quickly replace striking specialists.

In addition, it would be useful to review and systematize safety instructions and training.

Unions are on their feet

But one of the main conditions for successful resistance to the Italian strike is the solidarity of all representatives of the employer. This is difficult, because it is easier to form one anti-strike group than to build a serious, systematic, systemic counteraction.

Trade unions are more successful in this regard. For a long time, employers did not take trade unions seriously - trade union leaders were busy distributing vouchers and distributing social benefits. When all the levers of control passed into the hands of business, employers decided that public organizations will lose their reputation among workers, and have miscalculated.

At this time, trade union leaders studied, read methodological literature and trained their lawyers. The employer's attitude towards trade unions as a not entirely effective instrument still exists in some large enterprises, and the time to think about how to strengthen the employer's position to protect its interests has already come.