Cases when an accountant, changing jobs, moves from a commercial structure to a budgetary institution and vice versa are not so rare. In such a situation, he needs to remember that accounting in both areas, although based on general concepts and principles, however, there are significant differences. Yulia Volkhina, project manager at SKB Kontur, talks about what exactly these differences are. This article opens a series of materials from BukhOnline, which will be devoted to the features budget accounting.

Legal status of the organization

The Civil Code divides organizations into commercial and non-profit. The main goal of commercial organizations is to make a profit. Accordingly, non-profit organizations are those for which profit is not an end in itself. These, in particular, include state and municipal institutions (clause 8, part 3, article of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The role of founders of such organizations can be played by both federal departments and bodies of federal subjects and municipalities.

A state or municipal institution can be a state-owned, budgetary or autonomous institution (Article 123.22 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). In addition to the “statutory” type of activity, a public sector organization can conduct other work only if it does not contradict the goals of its creation. The addition must be specified in the statutory documents.

What regulatory legal acts govern accounting?

In questions accounting Both budgetary institutions and commercial organizations are guided by the same law - Federal Law dated December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ “On Accounting”.

However, additional regulatory legal acts have been developed for each area. State employees also use in their work instructions for the use of the Unified Chart of Accounts and separate ones for each type of state (municipal) institutions: state-owned, budgetary or autonomous. For commercial structures regulatory framework supplement the accounting regulations (standards) approved by the Russian Ministry of Finance.

Basic regulating accounting documents

Obligations of a budgetary organization

Starting work in budgetary sphere, the accountant will definitely encounter specifics regarding property and financial obligations:

• the state (municipal) task is carried out by the institution at the expense of subsidies from the corresponding level of the budget of the Russian Federation;
• the property is assigned to the institution with the right of operational management;
• land plot provided to a budget institution on the right of permanent (unlimited) use;
• the owner of the property is the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a municipal entity;
• a budgetary institution cannot be liable for the obligations of property owners;
• the institution does not have the right to dispose of real estate and especially valuable movable property assigned to it by the owner or acquired at the expense of funds allocated by the owner, etc.

These and other provisions are established by Article 9 of the Federal Law “On Non-Profit Organizations” No. 7-FZ of January 12, 1996.

What is the difference between “commercial” and “budgetary” charts of accounts?

In the accounting of organizations different forms property differences begin with the chart of accounts. The essence of the accounts remains common - accounting for fixed assets and inventories, settlements with suppliers, customers, accountable persons, etc. However, the numbers and names of the accounts do not match: account 10 “Materials” - in commercial accounts and account 105XX “Inventories” - in budget accounting.

The budget chart of accounts is fraught with the greatest difficulties for an inexperienced accountant. They are connected with the need to control the intended use of allocated funds. If in commercial organization the account includes only two digits, then the accounts budgetary institution consist of 26 bits. A special budget classification is used.

So, in the account number of a budgetary institution, the first 17 digits indicate an analytical code based on the classification of inflows and outflows of funds. The 18th digit indicates the code of one of the types financial security: income-generating activities, funds at temporary disposal, subsidies for the implementation of state (municipal) tasks, etc. The following categories contain:

• 19-21st - synthetic account code of the Chart of Accounts of accounting (budget) accounting;
• 22nd and 23rd - code of the analytical account of the Chart of Accounts of accounting (budget) accounting;
• 24-26th - analytical code of the type of receipts, disposals of an accounting object.

Scope of reporting and deadlines for its submission

An accountant who comes to the budget from the commercial sector will have to face an increase in the volume of reporting to regulatory authorities. This is dictated by different operating principles of budgetary and commercial structures and the corresponding features of legal regulation.

If a commercial organization submits financial statements once a year, then the state (municipal) institution follows a special schedule, which is drawn up and approved by the Russian Ministry of Finance and the relevant financial authorities. According to the instructions and depending on the type of organization, state employees submit reports:

• monthly (about 1-5 forms),
• quarterly (about 5-10 forms),
• once a year (from 10 to 30 forms).

The commercial organization represents annual reporting to the tax office no later than March 31 of the year following the reporting year. These statements consist of a balance sheet, a report financial results and applications to them.

State employees prepare many more forms. Thus, recipients of budget funds submit the balance sheet of the chief manager, manager, recipient of budget funds, chief administrator, administrator of sources of financing the budget deficit, chief administrator, administrator of budget revenues (form 0503130, order No. 191n).

Also budget and autonomous institutions(order No. 33n) represent:

• balance sheet of a state (municipal) institution (form 0503730);
• report on the institution’s implementation of its financial and economic activity plan (f. 0503737);
• report on the financial results of the institution (form 0503721);
• information on the institution’s receivables and payables (form 0503769);
• information about the institution’s cash balances (form 0503779).

The reporting of a budgetary institution directly depends on the sources from which its activities are financed. These can be subsidies for state (municipal) assignments, the institution’s own income, funds at temporary disposal, funds for compulsory health insurance, etc. Like commercial companies, public sector employees are required to submit the institution’s balance sheet and a number of other forms to the territorial tax office no later than March 31 the year following the reporting year. But besides this, they are obliged to fixed time submit financial statements to its founder.

Balance sheet structure

At first glance, the balance sheets of commercial and budgetary organizations are similar - both contain an asset and a liability, which are divided into several parts. However, upon closer examination, an experienced accountant will discover significant differences. For example, a budgetary institution is required to separately indicate transactions with target funds, its own income, and funds at temporary disposal. If in the balance sheet of a budgetary institution an accountant reflects data for the reporting year and the previous year, then when working with commercial accounting, you will have to prepare a balance sheet for the reporting year and the two previous ones.

In a commercial structure, the asset is divided into non-current and current assets, the circulation of funds forms the basis of the asset of the commercial balance sheet. State employees have two components: financial and non-financial assets, and funds are divided into those expressed in monetary terms and those that have a tangible form. Liability balance in commercial structure contains an indication of own and borrowed funds. The latter are divided into long-term and short-term liabilities. For the balance sheet of a budgetary institution, it is important to reflect the types of payments, regardless of their repayment period.

Instead of a conclusion

Differences between budgetary accounting and commercial accounting occur at any level, be it accounting objects, liabilities, chart of accounts or reporting structure. They are determined primarily by the purpose for which the organization is created and the characteristics of its financing. Therefore, an accountant who has decided to change his field of activity and move to a budget organization should be recommended to use a specialized program for maintaining budget accounting. This will allow him to quickly understand the differences and more easily master accounting in a new area.

Budget accounting is an orderly system for collecting, registering and summarizing information in monetary terms about the state of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities (state authorities, governing bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, governing bodies of territorial state extra-budgetary funds, local authorities self-government and budgetary institutions created by them) and operations leading to changes in the above assets and liabilities.

Organization of accounting in budgetary organizations

The organization of accounting in budgetary organizations has a number of features that are based on the legislation on the budget structure, the Instructions for budgetary accounting, other regulatory documents on accounting and reporting in budgetary organizations, as well as their industry specifics.

Such features of accounting in budgetary organizations include:

organization of accounting in the context of budget classification items;

control over the implementation of budgeted income and expenses;

transition to a treasury system of budget execution;

separation of cash and actual expenses in accounting;

sectoral features of accounting in public sector institutions (health care, education, science, etc.).

Budget accounting tasks

The main tasks of budget accounting include:

generation of complete and reliable information about the state of assets and liabilities of institutions, as well as the financial results of their activities;

generation of complete and reliable information on the execution of all budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation;

ensuring control over the compliance of operations carried out during the execution of budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

ensuring control over the condition of assets and fulfillment of obligations of institutions;

providing internal and external users with reporting on the status of assets and liabilities of institutions, as well as reporting on the execution of budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation.

Regulations

In budgetary organizations, accounting for the execution of estimates of income and expenses for budgetary funds and funds received from extra-budgetary sources is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law on Accounting and on the basis of the Instructions for Budgetary Accounting.

Instructions for budget accounting include:

Budget accounting: details for an accountant

• Violations in the field of accounting (budget) accounting

  In the area of ​​accounting (budget) accounting, they are reflected in inspection reports. ... reflecting a set of methods for maintaining accounting (budgetary) accounting, cost measurement, current grouping and... used in maintaining accounting (budgetary) accounting, is regularly updated and included in... entries in the accounts of accounting (budgetary) accounting. Inspectors during control...) institutions of accounting (budget) accounting procedures. We will continue in the next issue of the magazine...

• Review of important changes in budget accounting since 2019

  Sectors When maintaining accounting and budgetary records for government agencies from 01.01 ... reports: certificate for the conclusion of budget accounting accounts for the reporting financial year (f. 0503110 ...

• What will the introduction of federal accounting (budget) standards change?

  Changes to which accounting (budgetary) accounting is subject in connection with the approval of federal... changes to which accounting (budgetary) accounting is subject to in connection with the approval of federal... legal acts regulating the maintenance of accounting (budgetary) accounting and the preparation of accounting (financial) ... the gradual movement of the accounting (budget) accounting methodology from the Instructions for the Application of the Unified ... standards. The usual Chart of Accounts for budget accounting will remain, but will expand...

• The procedure for budget accounting of fire extinguishers

  Fire extinguishers? Question: How are transactions for the acquisition and technical maintenance of a fire extinguisher reflected in budget accounting? In order to reflect the operations in question in budget accounting, it is necessary... and put into operation. The budget accounting reflects the following correspondence accounts: Contents... for the maintenance of property" KOSGU. In budget accounting, these expenses will be reflected as follows... upon the completion of the relevant work. The following accounting records have been generated in budget accounting: Contents...

• Changes to Instruction No. 174n. New accounting entries for budget accounting

  Structures – leased items.” New budget accounting entries! Termination of the right to use an asset (at the same time... budget accounting entries related to accounting for inventories... for other income are also deleted." New budget accounting entries! Accrual of income from rental property...

• On budget accounting of non-financial assets during major repairs

  Persons." To reflect in accounting (budget) accounting fixed assets transferred (received...

• Changes in accounting and budget accounting account numbers starting from 2017

  The legislative framework for accounting and budgetary accounting in government institutions provides that... legislative framework on accounting and budget accounting in government agencies, it is stipulated that...

• Analysis of changes made to Instruction No. 191n

  ...), must be confirmed by the relevant budget accounting registers. The form itself still includes..., taken into account according to the corresponding budget accounting account number as of the beginning of the year... of previous years in terms of maintaining budget accounting, recalculation of reporting indicators in connection...), must be confirmed by the corresponding budget accounting registers . Please note that the indicators...

• Review of changes in accounting (budget) statements

  Taking into account changes in accounting (budgetary) accounting indicators (balance sheet, off-balance sheet) on... for the relevant accounting (budgetary) accounting accounts at the beginning of the financial reporting... with the rules for maintaining accounting (budgetary) accounting are subject to closure upon completion... 0503173) . Indicators of the relevant accounting (budget) accounts reflected in reports (information) ... adjustments in the procedure for maintaining accounting (budget) records in state (municipal) institutions ...

• Features of preparing budget reporting for half a year and nine months

  And (or) other budget accounting registers, established by law RF for recipients of... forced seizure") The chart of accounts for budget accounting is supplemented with account 120941000 “Calculations... Newly introduced turnovers are accepted for budget accounting through additional accounting operations... Number (code) of the budget accounting account" the numbers of budget accounting accounts are given taking into account changes in requirements... by institutions, taking into account changes in budget accounting indicators (balance sheet, off-balance sheet) by 1 ...

• Budgetary and accounting reporting: liability for violations of preparation and presentation

  Budget estimates or the procedure for budgetary accounting by a government institution of budgetary indicators... liability for violation of the procedure for budgetary accounting by a government institution of indicators accepted... “Violation by a government institution of the procedure for budgetary accounting of authorization of budget expenditures.” In... the order of budget accounting of authorization of budget expenditures, expressed in violation of budget accounting of indicators... violation by a government institution of the order of budget accounting of indicators accepted and deferred...

• Application of FSBU “Reserves”

  A list of objects accepted for budget accounting as objects of material reserves is provided... (acceptance for budget accounting) of reserves, their assessment, disposal from budget accounting accounts will be carried out... the standard establishes uniform requirements for budget accounting of assets qualified as material ... inventories Account number used in budget accounting Medicines and dressings - other... clause 8 of the FSBU “Inventories”, the unit of budget accounting for inventories is chosen by the subject of accounting independently...

• Non-financial assets: accounting entries adjusted

  Land plots previously accepted for budget accounting, in connection with their change... to subarticle 199 Acceptance for budget accounting of material reserves received in natural... value as of the date of acceptance for budget accounting. Investments in non-financial assets According to...

• Accounting for temporary structures during capital construction of an object

  That the institution violated the rules of maintaining budget accounting. According to the control body, temporary... that the institution violated the rules of maintaining budget accounting. According to the control body, temporary... the second question in relation to the specifics of budget accounting, the position of the Treasury is... Acceptance of the specified objects for budget accounting is carried out on the corresponding budget accounting accounts according to the estimated... . The specified objects are accepted for budget accounting at their estimated value based on...

• Typical errors when preparing budget (accounting) reporting

  And when reflecting the accounting (budgetary) accounting indicators generated as of the reporting date on... accounts receivable in the accounting (budgetary) accounting accounts. For example, when carrying out claims work...

There are probably few people who have no idea at least what accounting is. In the minds of even people who are far from accounting, the word “accounting” conjures up an accountant who counts some numbers, makes notes, and compiles reports.

The definition of the concept of “accounting” is given in the Law on Accounting *(1). According to this definition, accounting is the formation of documented, systematized information about accounting objects and the preparation of accounting (financial) statements on its basis.

But few people know what budget accounting is. IN new article Let's try to figure out how budget accounting differs from accounting, who is obliged to maintain it?

What is budget accounting?

Budget accounting is an orderly system for collecting, registering and summarizing information in monetary terms about the state of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities, as well as transactions that change these assets and liabilities (Clause 2 of Article 264.1 BC RF).

That is, budget accounting is a type of accounting. But at the same time, budget accounting provides information not just about the financial state of individual economic entities - organizations, individual entrepreneurs, but about the financial state of the budgets of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and municipalities. This means that not all legal entities should keep budget records, but only those whose reporting is important for analysis financial condition budgets of the Russian Federation. Individual entrepreneurs They do not keep budget records.

Who is responsible for keeping budget records?

The procedure for maintaining budget accounting is regulated by the Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts for Budget Accounting *(2).

Legal entities that are required to maintain budget records are listed in paragraph 2 of the Instructions. This:

• public authorities (state bodies);
• local government bodies;
• management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds;
• management bodies of territorial state extra-budgetary funds;
• government institutions, including those located outside the Russian Federation;
• other legal entities exercising, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the budgetary powers of the recipient of budgetary funds;
• financial authorities;
• bodies of the Federal Treasury in terms of reflecting on the relevant analytical accounts account 0 500 00 000 “Authorization of expenses” operations for the cash execution of the federal budget.

In addition, budget accounting is maintained by:

• state corporations "Rosatom", "Roscosmos" in terms of maintaining budgetary records of the facts of economic life that arise in the exercise of the powers of the main manager of budget funds, the recipient of budget funds, the main administrator of budget revenues and the administrator of budget revenues;
• state (municipal) budgetary, autonomous institutions exercising, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, powers to fulfill public obligations to individuals, subject to execution in cash;
• state (municipal) budgetary, autonomous institutions and (or) state (municipal) unitary enterprises when exercising, on the basis of agreements, the powers of the state (municipal) customer when making budgetary investments in state (municipal) property.

It should be noted that in normal business activities, state corporations, budgetary, autonomous institutions and unitary enterprises do not keep budget records, although part of their expenses, and often most of them, are financed from budgets different levels. These legal entities maintain budgetary accounting separately from the rest of their accounting and use budgetary accounting accounts. When maintaining budget accounting, the specified entities in the 18th category of the budget accounting account number use the code of the type of financial support (activity) 1 - activity carried out at the expense of the funds of the corresponding budget of the budget system of the Russian Federation (budget activity).

Budget reporting

The result of maintaining accounting records and reflecting the facts of economic life on accounts is the preparation of accounting (financial) statements. This rule also applies to budget accounting. The result of its maintenance is the preparation of budget reporting.

Each entity, who compiles budget reporting, submits it to a higher authority, which checks and approves it. After the accepted reporting is compiled and consolidated (combined with the reports of other subjects of budget reporting), interrelated indicators are excluded. The result is a clear picture of the execution of budgets at different levels, including the federal budget.

The general procedure for compiling and submitting annual, quarterly and monthly reports on the execution of budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation, mandatory for all subjects of budget reporting, is regulated by the relevant Instructions *(3). Features of the presentation of budget reporting can be established for those subordinate to the main managers of budget funds, chief revenue administrators, sources of financing budget deficits, financial authority, a treasury authority.

Article prepared

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Hello Tamara.

There are quite a lot of significant differences between commercial and budget organizations, so there is no need to say that they are all similar to each other. Despite the impressive number of similarities, there are still more differences. Commercial and budget organizations have much fewer similarities than differences.

Distinctive features of government and commercial organizations

• Purpose of the activity.

The budget organization performs the tasks described in the charter (various works and services); the results of its activities are intangible values. Commercial organizations, on the contrary, strive to make a profit and improve the well-being of their owners. Money is the main goal of commercial organizations; it is distributed among the participants of the company and goes towards its development.

• Products, services and target audience.

Those goods and services produced by commercial organizations are aimed at the individual consumer, but budgetary organizations produce goods and services to satisfy public needs and benefits. Target Audience commercial organizations are end consumers, and budgetary organizations are focused on clients and members of the organization.

• Management and work policy.

If in a commercial organization management policy is based solely on the behavior of competitors and clients, then in the budget structure the focus is only on social needs and conditions dictated by the state.

• Staff.

Hired employees and those who are executors under civil contracts can work in a budget organization; they can also include trainees, volunteers, and members of the organization. Only hired employees and contractors under contracts can be hired to work in a commercial structure.

• Financing.

The source of financing for a commercial structure is its profit and equity participation in the capital of other commercial organizations. Financing of public sector employees is carried out directly from the state fund (external sources of financing) or from membership fees, rental income, transactions with securities etc. (internal sources).

• Efficiency.

In each commercial organization, the policy for assessing performance can be built in its own way. Profit, turnover, profitability, revenue - all these are the main criteria for assessing the activities of a commercial organization. In a non-profit structure, work is evaluated differently. The success of the budget structure is talked about in general terms: “good” or “bad”, but the mechanism for more careful assessment is not very developed at the moment.

• Type of ownership.

If a budget organization can only have an open form of ownership (funds, organizations, institutions, alliances, etc.), then a commercial structure can have CJSC, LLC, OJSC, etc.

• Registration authority.

If you can register a commercial organization only with the Tax Service, then a non-profit organization can only be registered with the Ministry of Justice.

Sincerely, Natalia.

Trustees, unlike the staff of a cultural institution, perform their functions on a voluntary and free basis. Thus, the lack of direct interest in the economic results of the activities of a cultural institution reduces the interests of these individuals not to maximizing the institution’s profits, but to the successful fulfillment of its mission. Motives for applying for trusteeship can be considered to increase one’s prestige in society, gain a strong reputation in the market and trust from consumers, access to closed sources of information, services of cultural organizations, etc. Most budgetary institutions are experiencing financial and organizational problems, have no effective structure management and personnel incentive systems. The creation of a board of trustees would allow them to solve a number of pressing problems, in particular, to attract additional sources of funding, etc.

In the case of a non-profit company, the clients and members of the firm.

• State. On the one hand, employees hired by employment contract with a certain level of remuneration for work.

On the other hand, everyone is the same, but also volunteers.

• Where do the funds come from? In the business sphere everything is decided commercial activity, which brings profit. In the non-profit version, investors, various social funds, and the state itself help.

Objects of budget accounting A budget organization, like a commercial one, keeps records of all financial and economic transactions carried out as a result of its activities.

The objects of accounting in the public sector, for the most part, do not differ from the objects of commercial accounting - these are assets and liabilities, income and expenses.

Expenses of budgetary institutions also have special features; in Article 70 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, the list of expenses of budgetary institutions is strictly limited in this regard and accounting for expenses of public sector employees:

• the principle of targeting and targeted spending of budget funds is observed;
• It is mandatory to keep records of expenses broken down by items of budget classification;
• control over the implementation of cost estimates is carried out;
• principles and procedures for budget execution are observed;

The specific features of accounting in budgetary institutions make it necessary to supplement the general tasks of accounting with more specific ones, such as, for example, the execution of the approved budget and increased control over such execution, control over the implementation of each fact of economic activity, the consistency of the activities of state employees in achieving the goal set for them by the state.

Instructions for budget accounting, others regulatory documents on accounting and reporting for public sector employees. Such normative and legislative acts regulating budget accounting are:

• Budget Code of the Russian Federation dated July 31, 1998 No. 145-FZ and laws adopted in accordance with it on budgets of different levels, laws on the budgets of state extra-budgetary funds of the Russian Federation (federal, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, territorial), municipal legal acts on local budgets, others federal laws, laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal legal acts regulating legal relations specified in the Budget Code of the Russian Federation.

In particular, budgetary institutions maintain accounting records on the basis of the Unified Chart of Accounts for State (Municipal) Institutions and the Instructions for its Application. It establishes the basic principles for accounting for the property and liabilities of budgetary organizations.

How does a government institution differ from a budget institution - comparative characteristics

Like budget funds, target funds are spent, as a rule, during the reporting year or a limited period of time, if individual activities are financed from target funds, although carryover balances of target funds occur much more often than budget funds. The main reason why the sources of formation of these funds and the directions for their expenditure are taken into account separately from budgetary funds is the nature of these funds. In addition, this is determined by the needs of compiling and presenting reports that are presented not only to funding bodies, but in this case to other interested users.
Each type of extra-budgetary funds must be accounted for in separate accounts opened with the federal treasury or in credit institutions for budgetary institutions that have not been transferred to the financing system through the federal treasury.

Hansmann believes consumers are more protected if they work with non-profit organizations. Non-profit structures are legally limited in their ability to internally distribute income between employees and must direct the funds received to the development of the organization’s core activities, which is controlled by society. Due to the fact that the property government agencies is the property of the state, all income from this property is considered as state budget revenue, and the distribution of income received by institutions must be coordinated with government authorities.

As a result, budgetary institutions prefer to legally distinguish between non-profit and entrepreneurial activity. This division of activity is achieved in two ways.

So, for example, if the goals of a school are to educate children and prepare them for life in society, i.e. are goals that cannot be directly measured, indirect methods of measuring the achievement of goals can be used in order to assess the performance of the budget organization as a whole. In the case of a school, one can measure exam scores and use this data as a criterion to compare one school with another, but such a measurement cannot be considered completely objective - the composition of each school's students, available resources, parental support, etc. not the same. Among the theoretical concepts devoted to the peculiarities of economics and management of budgetary and non-profit organizations, we can highlight the theories of production of public goods, unfulfilled contract, stakeholder control 17, p.
32-39. Theory of production of public goods.
Having considered theoretical concepts foreign scientists, we can highlight the general features of the activities and management of non-profit organizations. This is the use of social marketing, fundraising, volunteering and the presence of control by stakeholders. 1.3 Material and cash, targeted and non-targeted sources of financing of budgetary organizations For effective management For budgetary organizations, it is important to identify possible sources of funding. When carrying out their activities, budgetary institutions use different kinds funds, both material and monetary, with which the founder must provide them first of all, but the possibility of receiving them from any legal or individual 2, p.
78-94 .

Info

Thus, all property of a government formation is assigned exclusively to the right of operational management. For a budgetary institution, the founder establishes a list of especially valuable property. This is all done for rather cunning purposes: since the legislator did not provide for subsidiary liability for the debts of a budgetary institution, there is a serious risk of losing all property as part of judicial collections.

What is the difference between a commercial and budget organization

• The difference between budget accounting and commercial accounting
• What is the difference between commercial and budget organizations?
• How does a government institution differ from a budget institution - comparative characteristics
• Difference between commercial organizations and non-profit organizations
• What is the difference between accounting and budgeting?
• The difference between accounting and budget accounting

The difference between budget accounting and commercial accounting. Funds can also come from contributions from participants, from rent, interest, and so on.

• Form of activity. For entrepreneurs - LLC, JSC, PJSC, MUP, SUE, partnerships and cooperatives - everything, as prescribed by Article 50 Civil Code RF.

• Products, services and target audience.

Those goods and services produced by commercial organizations are aimed at the individual consumer, but budgetary organizations produce goods and services to satisfy public needs and benefits. The target audience of commercial organizations is end consumers, while budget organizations are focused on clients and members of the organization.

• Management and work policy.

If in a commercial organization management policy is based solely on the behavior of competitors and clients, then in the budget structure the focus is only on social needs and conditions dictated by the state.

Important

Funds can also come from participant contributions, rentals, interest, and so on.

• Form of activity. For entrepreneurs - LLC, JSC, PJSC, MUP, SUE, partnerships and cooperatives - everything, as prescribed by Article 50 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. As for non-profit organizations, these are mainly charitable companies, foundations, religious institutions, and so on.
• Merchants have rights and obligations defined by the codes of the Russian Federation.