Your financial analyst is a system of intellectual analysis financial condition organizations according to financial statements.

The main feature of the system is the complete exclusion of your participation in the analytical process. You enter data and receive a report based on the results of the analysis, which is no different from that compiled by a professional analyst! This is the main difference from most financial programs(see other differences).

Key features of the program:

• The program does not require knowledge of financial analysis

• Produces a holistic analytical report

  The program not only calculates more than 40 financial indicators, but also generates an analytical report complete in form and content with a description of the obtained values, their characteristics and conclusions. You do not have to guess whether the financial condition of the enterprise is good or bad, looking at a lot of tables and graphs - the program will draw a final conclusion and give an unambiguous answer using our unique methodology. The program has the following reports:

  Report	Standard fin. reporting	Report language
  Complete financial analysis The report covers almost all indicators that can be calculated according to the main forms of Russian financial statements.	RAS	example
  Complete financial analysis of statements prepared in accordance with IFRS or US GAAP	IFRS, US GAAP
  Explanatory note to the financial statements Section of the explanatory note to the financial statements containing the main financial indicators (abbreviated version of the full report).	RAS	example
  Estimating the value of the organization Report on the valuation of the company based on financial statements. Includes financial analysis and valuation by two methods: the net asset method and the method of discounting future income.	RAS	example
  The financial analysis debtor Analytical report in accordance with the Rules for conducting a financial analysis by an arbitration manager (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 25, 2003 N 367).	RAS	example
  Tips for improving your financial condition Unlike conventional analytical reports, which only state the financial position of an organization, this report provides advice on how to improve it.	RAS	example
  Certificate of financial condition A unique, counterfeit-proof certificate confirming the financial condition rating assigned to the organization (see).	RAS, IFRS
  Grade Analysis of the factors by which the organization may cause increased interest from the tax authorities (in accordance with the Order of the Federal Tax Service N MM-3-06/333@).	RAS, tax. reporting	example
  Audit report new! Audit report based on the results of verification of compliance of key financial indicators with the principle of business continuity of the organization.	RAS	example

• No training required

  To work with the program does not require prior training. Don't waste time and money learning how to use the program, just run it and work!

• Convenient information entry

  The data is entered in the form in which they are presented in the financial statements, without the need for any recalculations. You can enter information both manually and download it from XML files in which reports are submitted to the tax authorities (most accounting programs can save data in this form).

  For the convenience of data entry, data conversion from the Russian reporting form to the IFRS format is provided (not a full-fledged transformation), as well as loading consolidated reporting forms (line-by-line summation).

  new! The program added the ability to connect to the Internet database. The database was formed on the basis of public data from Rosstat and contains more than 2.3 million firms in Russia. It is enough to enter the TIN of the company and its reporting will be loaded into the program, saving you from manually entering numbers for several years.

• Multiple Descriptions

  The program repeats the work of a person in terms of text comments to indicators. Multivariant text makes each report unique.

• Various options for using the program

  The program has a simple and convenient web interface and is available both as a subscription to work on our website (online) and as a distribution kit installed on the user's computer. In the second option, the Internet is not required to work with the program. See comparison of options.

• Analysis of indicators in dynamics

  You can get an analysis of both one period and several periods in dynamics (by years, half-years, quarters or months).

• Flexible approach to the formation of tables

  When analyzing a large amount of data, you do not have to glue sheets with wide tables. The program can "reduce" the columns, finding a compromise between the completeness of displaying information and the width of the tables.

  Thus, the table will fit in width on a standard printed sheet, without significantly losing information content.

• Color highlighting results

  Color is used in the report not only to show positive and negative values, but to indicate the quality of indicators (good/bad value).

• Automatic generation of intra-company order

  The program allows you to receive in one click an intra-company order that regulates the methodology of financial analysis, which is a necessary document for large companies and banks.

• Information can be saved to a file or database

  Information can be stored both in the program database and in separate files on the user's computer, which additionally guarantees data confidentiality.

• Additional features for professionals

  If you are a professional in the field of financial analysis, you can easily customize the program based on your own needs:

  • change or add a formula;
  • change the ranges of the qualitative characteristic of the indicator (ie the interval of "good-bad" values), including by industry;
  • change the report template by adding your own tables, graphs, descriptions of indicators.

  The program takes into account all the changes made, while retaining the ability to form descriptions and draw conclusions.

• Analysis probabilities of a tax audit

  The program is supplemented with an analysis module probabilities of a tax audit in accordance with the Order of the Federal Tax Service of May 30, 2007 N MM-3-06 / 333 @ (subject to changes made by the Order of the Federal Tax Service of 10.14.2008 N MM-3-2 / 467 @ and the Order of the Federal Tax Service of 22.09 .2010 N ММВ-7-2/461@); see example

ANALYSIS OF BASIC CAPABILITIES AND MEANS OF THEIR EXPANSION IN SOFTWARE PRODUCTS FOR FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

Specialty: Economics and Management national economy

Direction: Economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes (communication and informatization)

The article contains an overview of software products used in practice to conduct a financial analysis of the state of the enterprise. Two groups of criteria for comparing software products are described, which are distinguished by modern specialists. The third group of criteria for comparing software systems has been formed, which is based on the description of programs by developers. Comparison of software products "INEK-AFSP", "Audit Expert", "Alt-Finance" according to selected groups and criteria was carried out.

The features of the application of programs are described, the advantages are noted

and disadvantages. Additions have been made to the system of classification of properties and criteria of software products.

The article provides an overview of software used in practice for a financial analysis of the company. We describe two groups of criteria for comparing software products that distinguish modern experts. Formed the third group of criteria for comparing software systems, which is based on the description of software developers. A comparison of software, "INEC-AFSP", "Audit Expert", "Alt-Finance" for selected groups and criteria. The capabilities of application programs, noted the advantages and disadvantages. Additions to the system of classification of properties and criteria for software products.

Keywords: financial analysis programs and software systems, comparison of financial analysis programs, classification of properties of financial analysis programs, review of financial analysis software products, criteria for comparing financial analysis programs, basic capabilities of software systems, means of expanding the basic capabilities of software systems, block of additional features.

Keywords: programs and software systems of financial analysis, the comparison of programs of financial analysis, classification of properties of programs of financial analysis, review of financial analysis software, the criteria for comparison of financial analysis software, basic capabilities of software systems, means of enhancing the basic capabilities of software systems, a block of additional capabilities.

Financial analysis is an integral part of planning

enterprise activities, analysis current activities, the study of key parameters and ratios that give an objective picture of the financial position of the enterprise, and as a result, saving time spent on analysis is of great importance.

To simplify the calculation procedures and save time, there are software products that allow you to assess the financial condition of an enterprise, perform a comparative analysis, calculate coefficients, identify the main trends in its development, calculate the profitability of an enterprise, basic standards for planning and forecasting, creditworthiness assessment.

The purpose of this article is to give a brief overview of the software products used for financial analysis in an enterprise, compare them according to certain criteria (properties), consider advantages and disadvantages, identify new properties for comparison that would more fully reflect the capabilities of the product and make the process simpler. product comparisons.

There are many software products on the market today. And among the most common, developed by Russian specialists, are: "Alt-Finance", "Alt-Invest" - developed by the research and consulting company "ALT", "Audit Expert" - developed by the company "Pro-Invest Consulting", "Investor" , "Analyst", "AFSP" -

developed by INEK, FinEkAnalysis, software products of the Intalev series (for example, Intalev: Corporate Finance, Intalev: Budget Management, Intalev: Business Processes), Financial Analysis, Financial Analysis : Prof + Business Valuation”, “Financial Analysis: Prof”, “Investment Analysis 1.6”. Among the foreign ones are COMFAR (Computer Model for Feasibility Analysis and Reporting) and PROPSPIN (Project Profile Screening and Pre-appraisal Information system), created at UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organization. The list of products can be extended for a long time.

Such a large number of of software products poses a difficult choice for leaders of organizations who want to choose the best product for their business. Complicate the problem of choice and the development companies themselves software. Their descriptions of programs are difficult to compare: often the same features are called differently, or, on the contrary, the same, in fact, the characteristics correspond to different terms. Let's consider how this is manifested in the examples of the most popular financial analysis programs.

Products "Alt-Finance", "Audit Expert" and "AFSP" are designed to analyze the financial condition of enterprises. The initial information for the analysis is the data of the forms of financial statements. Software products allow you to analyze the state of the enterprise. The analysis is carried out in such areas as the structure of the balance sheet, financial stability, liquidity, turnover, profitability, profitability, analysis of labor efficiency, etc. All calculation results are displayed in the form of tables and diagrams. After performing some program settings, the results of their work (calculations) can be displayed in Russian and English.

Such a description of the above software systems is very vague, it is more in the nature of familiarization with the product than detailed description. Acting as the head of any enterprise, this data is not enough for choosing a software product. A more accurate idea of ​​the product will develop if you select and formalize the comparison criteria. In the practice of conducting financial analysis, which exists now, experts distinguish two functional blocks: the basic capabilities of the system and tools to expand the basic capabilities. Specialists offer a table for comparing software products according to the properties they distinguish (Table 1), in which the presence of a certain property in the program will be indicated by “+”, the absence of “-”, “*” - this factor must be discussed with some reservations.

Table 1 - Comparison of software products by basic capabilities and ______ means of expanding basic capabilities _____________

Basic features

Automated data entry from accounting programs and files 1x1 + + +

Checking the correctness and correctness of the entered initial data + + +

Bringing data for different periods of time to a single comparable form + + +

Revaluation of balance sheet items to bring their data to real values ​​- + -

Processing of financial statements of other countries - + +

Analysis of liquidity, profitability, break-even + + +

Conducting horizontal and vertical analysis + + +

Implemented functions of regulated methods of analysis + + *

Comparison of financial indicators with standards + + *

Forecasting the values ​​of indicators - + -

Formation expert opinions according to the results of the analysis + + *

Export of analysis results to other programs + + +

Creation of new forms of input of initial data - + +

Means of description of new calculated indicators for the implementation of own methods of analysis - + +

Comparison of the values ​​of financial indicators with the indicators of the official financial statements of enterprises - leaders in the industry - + -

Ranking of enterprises + + +

Basic capabilities - this is the first block, it is more important for financial analysts. Includes the main features and properties of financial analysis software systems. For example, automatic input of initial data, the ability to conduct express analysis, the ability to export the results obtained when working with the program.

The second block is the means to expand the basic capabilities of the system, which are responsible for the ability of the system to be configured and developed according to the requirements of the user and customer. That is why developers are currently trying to make most programs more flexible and equip them with tools that will allow the user, regardless of the developer, to improve and supplement the system. Such tools include, for example, adding new calculation algorithms, improving functionality, etc.

Let's consider how the basic capabilities and means of their expansion are manifested in financial analysis programs.

As you know, financial analysis is based on data from standard financial statements of organizations. All the products listed in the introduction allow you to enter data manually. Therefore, a significant, and one of the first, indicator for most users is the ability to import data from accounting programs.

So, the most popular program "INEK: AFSP" easily and simply "knows how" to accept reporting data from "1C: Accounting", and in all other cases additional configuration is required. Alt Finance and Audit Expert software packages can automatically download reporting data from accounting programs such as 1C:Enterprise, Info-Accountant, Parus, INFIN-Accounting. All systems can be configured to load data from .txt files. This makes it possible to import data from any accounting software, as well as from our own developments.

Manual input of large amounts of data is directly related to the appearance of errors. There is a need to check the correctness of the input data. Therefore, all programs are equipped with a function

arithmetic balance check. But in this case, the advantage of "Audit Expert" is that the program allows you to create your own rules for checking the entered data.

About the program's ability to work with different types reporting forms, say the facts that, for example, "ALT-Finance" has implemented the ability to analyze reporting forms from 1995 to the present. You can set any interval for analysis. You can make a different combination of the duration of the intervals. AFSP has implemented the ability to analyze reporting forms from 1991 to the present, and Audit Expert has been able to from 1994 to the present.

A major advantage of some programs is the ability to

analysis of reporting forms of the CIS countries. For "ALT-Finance" there are

its specialized versions, which take into account the peculiarities of the reporting forms of Belarus and Ukraine, and allow analysis using such forms. "Audit Expert" in this regard is more perfect, it has the ability to analyze the reporting forms of Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan and Ukraine in a single program. The product "AFSP" does not have such an opportunity.

The mechanisms and methods for conducting financial analysis in an enterprise that the products use are almost the same, but there are differences. For example, "ALT-Finance" is the only one of the presented programs that, in addition to horizontal and comparative, also conducts vertical analyzes, as well as factor analysis of liquidity, profitability and profitability indicators. However, "Audit Expert" has an advantage, it lies in the possibility of "disclosure" of analytical accounting for the components of fixed and current assets, as well as "disclosure" of the components and accounts payable. Algorithms for analyzing liquidity, break-even and profitability are implemented in all the programs under consideration.

An important factor in choosing a software product is the use of some regulated methodologies by the product.

"INEK" and "Audit Expert" make it possible to use a large list of methods for analysis, which are recommended by government agencies, as well as non-governmental financial institutions. These are methods for analyzing state unitary enterprises (SUEs), methods for a comprehensive analysis of enterprises with a share in Moscow and estimating the value of the net assets of OJSCs, methods for the Federal Tax Service and the FSFO, methods for identifying signs of fictitious or intentional bankruptcy and assessment of the creditworthiness of the borrower. Regulated methods have not been implemented in ALT-Finance, i.e. methods recommended by state bodies and non-state institutions. However, the advantage of this program is that an algorithm for calculating the value of net assets is implemented, an algorithm for the probability of bankruptcy and algorithms for calculating some indicators using the FSDN methodology are implemented.

Methods for comparing the values ​​of financial indicators with the standards are implemented in "INEK" and "Audit Expert". The programs have saved recommended values ​​and ranges of indicators. "INEK" has only two gradations of values ​​(corresponding and not corresponding to the recommended ones). And in "Audit Expert" there are four such indicators - normal, satisfactory, bad and critical.

Almost every leader of an organization is interested or even important to "see" the future of his organization. "Audit Expert" provides such an opportunity by predicting the values ​​of indicators for several periods ahead.

Let's describe in more detail the means of expanding the basic capabilities for the compared products.

Of great importance to many business leaders is

the ability to compare the values ​​of the financial indicators of your enterprise with the financial statements of other competing enterprises in the same industry. This opportunity is provided by the system “Audit Expert”. The generated database, consisting of indicators of official financial statements and organized by industry, is contained on the website of the software package developer - (www.pro-invest.com/it).

For heads of government bodies and holding companies, one of the important tasks is the division of enterprises under their control into groups. This opportunity is provided by all software systems, they allow you to perform ranking by financial indicators. But only "Audit Expert" allows you to create your own criteria and ranking rules.

But, like the basic capabilities, the second section of the table - means of expanding the basic capabilities can be supplemented, guided by information from software developers. Namely, we will add two points - the availability of calculation algorithms and the flexibility of the user interface.

As for the availability of the calculation algorithm, this indicator reflects the ability of the software product to develop. In terms of expanding and refining the basic capabilities of "Audit Expert" and "ALT-FINANCE" have significant advantages over the program "INEK", it is the possibility of expansion that shows how flexible the software product is, how much it can be developed, supplemented and adjusted by the user to fit your organization. Be sure to take into account the professional level of the person who will finalize the software package. As for the products "ALT-Finance" and "Audit Expert", these are open products and the user has complete freedom of action. However, each of them has its own “openness”.

The openness and adaptability of the Alt-Finance software product provide the user with the opportunity to independently make changes to the program, taking into account their requirements or specific conditions. Thus, without the involvement of the developer, the user can independently change the calculated indicators. Additionally, indicators, tabular forms and diagrams, coefficients without limitation can be added to the programs. The user can independently set and remove the protection mode of calculation formulas. In "Audit Expert" the calculation algorithm is also available for viewing. Additional "user tables" can be added to the program. You can also set additional coefficients and indicators without limitation. The AFSP software package is, on the contrary, a completely closed software product. The user does not have the ability to change the calculation formulas. Such changes and edits can only be made by the developer. Calculation formulas are not available for viewing. It is possible to create and enter additional settlement

charts and indicators. But only reporting forms data can be used. Additional information cannot be entered.

In addition to the standard functionality of programs, the user interface plays an important role. After all, the speed of work of personnel with the product, the convenience of perceiving information and its quick search depend on the convenience and clarity of the interface. In this case, each developer has chosen his own path. For example, the interface of the ALT-Finance program is a workbook, which consists of sheets with calculation tables and charts. Switching between tables and diagrams is carried out automatically when using the working menu.

The AFSP interface is implemented as a system of dialog boxes. Which is also quite convenient and visual, although when opening a large number of windows, it may be difficult to find the necessary information. Here, dialog boxes are created for entering and describing both initial data and individual data.

The developers of the “Audit Expert” interface, as well as the developers of “AFSP”, took the path of creating dialog boxes. All initial data and final results are presented in the form of tables.

But software products also have such characteristics that cannot be attributed either to basic capabilities or to tools for expanding basic capabilities. For example, providing users with technical support and maintenance of a software product, or the availability of a network version of the product, or the ability to customize the product (product interface) for the user, to create ease of use for him. Such properties play an important role in choosing a software package. However, the authors who compare software systems in their articles single out only two functional blocks, and this is understandable, because for financial analysts (and they make up a larger number of users), the functionality of the system is important in terms of the number of calculation algorithms, the number of implemented analysis methods, etc. . And about the possibilities necessary for a practical user when choosing programs, the authors practically do not write anything. They are only mentioned by development companies on their official websites, when describing or presenting software products.

Combining these features, let's call their group the third block - a block of additional features or properties of software products. This new concept is introduced to create a more complete and accurate understanding of the software product, it is included in the complex with the two blocks mentioned above. This block will give information about the functionality of the product, presented not only by the algorithms, methods and extensions of the product, but also in terms of convenience when using the product.

Thus, having studied the information from the websites of the developers of the programs in question, having analyzed information about users

programs, various publications on the research topic, we can say that the block of additional features should include the following properties of software products: 1) the presence of a license key for the software package; 2) availability of a network version of the product (for large organizations); 3) the need to configure or install additional software; 4) the availability of technical support and maintenance of the product in the process of its use; 5) taking into account the safety factor of the product.

Following the example of specialists who were engaged in the selection of properties for comparing software products, we will compile a similar table for a block of additional features in relation to the software systems considered in the article (Table 2).

Table 2 - Comparison of software products by additional

opportunities

Additional features (properties) INEK-AFSP Aiyoy Ekhreg! Alt-Finance

Availability of a license key + + +

Requirement to install additional software (if Windows shell is available) - - -

Network version of the product + + +

Documentation and technical support + + +

Security (security) of the software - diagnostics of the complex load and protection against virus programs + + +

The information presented in this way to us, the users of the software product, makes it possible to quickly make a choice in favor of a particular product.

Let's move on to a more complete description of the compared properties of the products under consideration, as well as to the rationale for why such properties are added to the new third block.

With the development of information technology and the growth in the number of users of computer equipment, the security factor of the software product and the factor of accounting for the number of users become more important. Software security is a key point in its development. All developers focus on it, since the stability, reliability and speed of the product depend on this factor. It is also important for developers to take into account the number of product versions purchased by the user as a factor in the “popularity” of the product, which is why most software comes with a license key.

"ALT-Finance" solves this problem as follows: the number of simultaneously running copies (installations) within the user organization may not be limited both by the number of jobs and the number of copies

product in every workplace. The security key is missing. But this does not mean that the software package is completely unprotected. "AFSP" and "Audit Expert" are supplied with a security key. A "one license software key per running copy" relationship has been established.

Speaking about the security of software products, one should not forget about their compatibility with various systems, because a product that is not supported or created for an uncommon operating system, as a result, will be of little demand. The products in question are implemented under the Windows shell. Undoubtedly, this is the most convenient option for the user, after installing the product there are no problems with downloading and launching it. So, "AFSP" and "Audit Expert" are an independent software product, unlike "ALT-Finance", which is implemented in the environment spreadsheets Microsoft Excel. Despite the "independence" of "AFSP" and "Audit Expert" they are developed according to Microsoft interface standards. Working with them does not require the installation of additional software, except for the installed Windows shell. Since "ALT-Finance" is implemented in the Microsoft Excel environment, therefore, this environment must be installed on the user's computer.

The presence of a network version of the product provides a high speed of information transfer and accessibility of almost every employee of the organization to the program. Each of the three products has a network version, but only in the "AFSP" and "Audit Expert" packages, the network version must be purchased and installed, unlike "ALT-Finance", where it comes with a standard installation package.

And, probably, one of the main issues for the user is the availability of a demo version (to get acquainted with the product) and the availability of technical support and accompanying documentation. Each of the programs under consideration has a demo version, which can be easily found on the Internet and downloaded. Thus, the user can familiarize himself with the product, test it on his own data, evaluate the convenience of entering information, read the report and evaluate its understandability and accessibility, also evaluate the user interface, and much more. Accompanying documentation comes with each set of all programs. Only in "AFSP" and "Audit Expert" the user manual is included in the delivery package, the programs have comments on the calculations of various indicators. And in "ALT-Finance" in addition to the user manual included Toolkit according to the methodology for conducting and assessing the financial condition of an enterprise, an example of an analytical note is given.

Comparing the considered properties (criteria) proposed

experts, and characteristics of programs from official websites of developers, we can say that Table 1, in relation to these programs, gives a far from complete picture when compared. Since the developers of many software systems, in addition to the listed properties, also focus on such properties and capabilities of their programs as creating a database

recommended values, when working with the program, creating reports of the program on English language, generating reports of GAAP and IAS standards. Therefore, we can single out these properties separately and attribute them to the block of basic capabilities (Table 3). Undoubtedly, in some programs these properties may not exist at all. But as technologies improve and software systems develop their own functionality, when managers choose programs, these factors can affect the choice of a software package.

Table 3 - Additions to the basic capabilities of software products

Functionality of INEK-AFSP Audit Expert Alt-Finance

Basic features

Creation of analytical reports - + *

Reporting in English * * +

Generating GAAP and IAS reports * * *

In table 4, we present additions to table 1 in relation to the second section.

Table 4 - Additions to the means of expanding the basic capabilities

software products

Functionality of INEK-AFSP Audit Expert Alt-Finance

Tools and functions to expand the basic capabilities

Availability of the calculation algorithm - + +

User interface (implies the flexibility of the interface and self-configuration by the user for their own convenience) + + +

Based on the reviewed material and tables, we will draw up a diagram that reflects the functionality of the system, its capabilities, branching capabilities, criteria and subcriteria for evaluating the system (Fig. 1). Criteria and sub-criteria identified by experts are marked in black in the scheme. The red color indicates new criteria and sub-criteria that complement the list of existing features and provide more complete information about the system.

The scheme is not perfect and, of course, it can be developed more and more, however, the data presented is sufficient for the selection and comparison of products.

Figure 1 - Components of the software functionality system

products

The analysis of software products carried out in the article according to a number of criteria shows that they are adapted to the conditions Russian economy, they take into account changes in legislation, it is possible to work with accounting standards of other CIS countries. The choice of programs by users depends on a large number of criteria that can be divided into two groups: basic features and tools for expanding them. The article supplemented the list of criteria for comparison both in relation to the basic capabilities and in relation to the means of expanding the basic capabilities. A separate block indicates additional properties of the system, which were previously only mentioned on the websites of software developers. Additions have been made to the system of classification of properties and criteria of software products.

Bibliography

1. Overview of some systems of the class "Analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise" // Interface Ltd [ Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www. interface.ru/fset.asp?Url=/misc/afsp.htm.

2. Computer models for financial analysis, evaluation

investment projects and financial planning // "Alt-Invest" [Electronic resource]. - Access mode:

http://www.ognelis.ru/files/catalog/products/altinvest/alt invest ru.pdf.

3. Kozlov M. Review of software products for calculating investment

projects [Electronic resource]. - Access mode:

http://articles.excelion.ru/science/info/58865855.html.

4. Software product "Alt-Finance" [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://humeur.ru/page/programmnyj-produkt-alt-finansy.

5. Systems and methods of financial analysis [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.bbest.ru/management/finmen/konctpt/Sistema/analis.

6. Professional system of financial analysis // Financial analysis [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.1-fin.ru/.

7. Khokhlov A.E. Automated systems accounting.

Lecture notes [Electronic resource]. - Access mode:

http://www.ict.edu.ru/ft/005891/stup303.pdf.

8. Shuremov E. Financial analysis tools - selection criteria

[Electronic resource]. - Access mode:

http://www. aup.ru/articles/finance/7.htm.

A selection of financial analysis of the enterprise in excel tables from various authors:

Excel spreadsheets Popova A.A. allow you to conduct a financial analysis: calculate business activity, solvency, profitability, financial stability, aggregate balance sheet, analyze the structure of balance sheet assets, coefficient and dynamic analysis based on forms 1 and 2 of the enterprise's financial statements.

Excel tables of financial analysis of the enterprise Zaikovsky V.E. (Director for Economics and Finance of OAO Tomsk Plant of Measuring Equipment) allow, on the basis of Forms 1 and 2 of external accounting statements, to calculate the bankruptcy of an enterprise according to the Altman, Taffler and Lis model, to assess the financial condition of the enterprise in terms of liquidity, financial stability, the state of fixed assets, turnover assets, profitability. In addition, they find a connection between the insolvency of an enterprise and the state's debt to it. There are graphs of changes in the assets and liabilities of the enterprise over time.

Excel tables for financial analysis from Malakhov V.I. allow you to calculate the balance in percentage form, assessment of management efficiency, assessment of financial (market) stability, assessment of liquidity and solvency, assessment of profitability, business activity, position of the enterprise on the securities market, the Altman model. Diagrams of the asset balance, revenue dynamics, gross and net profit dynamics, debt dynamics are built.

Excel spreadsheets of financial analysis Repina V.V. calculate cash flows, profit-loss, changes in debt, changes in inventories, the dynamics of changes in balance sheet items, financial indicators in GAAP format. They will allow you to conduct a coefficient financial analysis of the enterprise.

Excel tables Salova A.N., Maslova V.G. will allow to conduct a spectrum - scoring analysis of the financial condition. The spectrum score method is the most reliable method of financial and economic analysis. Its purpose is to analyze financial ratios by comparing the obtained values ​​​​with the standard values, the system for separating these values ​​​​by zones of remoteness from optimal level. The analysis of financial ratios is carried out by comparing the obtained values ​​with the recommended standard values, which play the role of threshold standards. The further the value of the coefficients from the normative level, the lower the degree of financial well-being and the higher the risk of falling into the category of insolvent enterprises.

1. Financial analysis programs

To date, a number of software products have been created that are designed to perform a comprehensive assessment of an enterprise's activities, identify the main trends in its development, calculate basic standards for planning and forecasting, and assess the creditworthiness of an enterprise.

Such programs include:, "Inek-Analytic", software products of the "Intalev" series (for example, "Intalev: Corporate Finance", "Intalev: Budget Management", "Intalev: Business Processes"), "Financial Analysis 3.0" " Investment Analysis 1.6", " Microsoft Project", "Alt Finance", " business plan", "Marketing Analytic", "Sommerce", "Analyzer", "Predictor", "Portfolio", etc.

Some programs, such as "INEC-Analytic" and "Financial Analysis", are made on the platform of the MS Excel program, which greatly expands the capabilities of an analyst using this program.

The use of these programs allows, if necessary, to change all the formulas and macros in the program at your discretion.

Other programs are implemented on the platform of one of the specialized accounting programs. So, the program "Intelev: Corporate Finance" is implemented on the platform of the program "1C: Enterprise 7.7" and is compatible with any accounting systems ("1C", "Parus", "BEST", "Comtech"), and for the successful use of the BEST programs -F" and "BEST-ANALYZE" will require Windows skills and accurate registration of all business transactions in the "BEST-4" system.

Let us consider the possibilities of some of the programs for analyzing the financial condition of an enterprise in more detail.

1.1 Software complex "INEK-Analyst"

Over the past decade, INEC has taken a leading position among analytical programs. This firm was the first to launch programs for the domestic market in 1990 economic analysis activities of enterprises, and today its developments are trusted by specialists from government bodies, large and medium industrial enterprises commercial banks, audit and consulting firms, educational institutions, insurance organizations.

The software complex "INEK-Analyst" is intended for assessing the financial and economic condition, developing, analyzing and evaluating business plans of enterprises and organizations involved in the production and provision of services.

The software product of the "Analyst" series solves the following main tasks:

* a detailed analysis of the financial and economic condition of enterprises engaged in the production and provision of services;

* preparation, analysis and evaluation of enterprise development plans (investment project, business plan, feasibility study, financial recovery plan);

* consolidation (unification) of these enterprises and analysis of the combined option;

* comparison of actual and planned data of enterprises in terms of financial and economic indicators.

The program allows you to view the results of work in tabular, graphical and textual forms, as well as export them to MZ V/ora and Exce1.

Software products of the "Analyst" series ("INEK-AFSP", "INEK-ADP", "INEK-Analyst", "INEK-Holding", "Bank Analyst") differ in the range of tasks to be solved. The first of the programs contains a minimum set of calculations, each subsequent one, along with new functions, includes the capabilities of the previous one.

The INEK-AFSP program is designed to analyze the financial condition of enterprises and organizations of any type of activity based on balance sheet and report data.

The program "INEK-ADP" allows you to conduct a comprehensive financial and economic analysis of the activities of enterprises of any type of activity. The initial information for the analysis is the data of external financial statements (balance sheet, income statement), as well as data on the structure of revenue, cost, receipts and expenditures.

The software complex "INEK-Analyst" solves the problems of a comprehensive financial and economic analysis, development, analysis and evaluation of the business plan of enterprises and organizations involved in the production and provision of services. "INEK-Analyst (T)" is designed to analyze and plan the activities of trade organizations

The software complex "INEK-Holding" is intended for analysis, planning and comparison of enterprises of various types of activity.

The software complex "Bank Analyst" is intended for analysis, planning and comparison of enterprises of various types of activity.

The demo version of the program contains the following examples of enterprises and organizations:

JSC "Metallurg" (production) - plan and fact;

CJSC "Telecom" >> (services) - plan and fact;

holding "Prometheus" (holding, which combines the data of several enterprises).

A demo version of INEC-Analyst is available at www. inec. en

1.2 Programs of the "Intalev" series

The consulting and implementation company "Intalev" is engaged in setting up and automating control systems at enterprises. One of the activities of the company is the development of standard software products and methodological guidelines in the field of optimizing the enterprise management system.

To date, "Intalev" offers standard solutions in the field of budgeting, financial analysis, management accounting and management process, which are used in their work by hundreds of enterprises in Russia and the CIS.

The field of financial management in our time is the most relevant for Russian enterprises. Experts in this field identify a number of tools, the use of which allows you to effectively manage the finances of the company and the company as a whole: budgeting (or budget management), management accounting, financial analysis.

A series of programs "Intalev" offers a number of specialized programs for analyzing the activities of the organization. "ITRP + Intalev: Production and Finance PROF" -- The program is designed for integrated automation manufacturing enterprises of medium and large scale.

"Intalev: Leasing Management" is a complex software product for automating the management of leasing activities. It allows you to automate all stages of leasing management: planning leasing transactions, calculating payment schedules, budgeting cash flows and income and expenses of a leasing company.

"Intalev: Budget Management" version 3.0 is a program for automating budgeting for small and medium-sized enterprises, implemented on the platform "1C: Enterprise 7.7". Allows you to plan, take into account and analyze the financial and economic operations of the enterprise in a single information system. Characteristics of the program: visibility, ease of implementation and operation, versatility.

Intalev: Corporate Finance is a software product implemented on the 1C: Enterprise 7.7 platform designed to automate management accounting, budgeting, control and analysis in all areas of the enterprise's business activities. Focused on large retail and manufacturing enterprises including holdings. The program implements a system of customizable and expandable budgets, and it is also possible to keep records of several charts of accounts. The program has ample opportunities for financial analysis.

"Intalev: Corporate Finance" includes the following features: budgeting, management accounting, business design, forecasting, economic modeling, workflow, bookkeeping and other features of "1C: Enterprise 7.7".

The features of the program include: wide opportunities for managing the finances of enterprises in various industries, step by step guide for self-staging and budget management in the company, the possibility of business design (creating an enterprise model), the ability to describe the routes of information flow and automate information processes in the company, making long-term forecasts and economic models enterprise development. The program has special capabilities for automating planning, accounting and analysis for distributed holdings with heterogeneous types of business, the implementation of national and international standards planning, management accounting, analysis and control (all-Russian, GAAP, IAS, custom) in a single database, no double data entry and special implementation support.

"Intalev; Financial Management" is a universal program for automating management accounting and financial management, compatible with any accounting systems ("1C", "Parus", "BEST", "Comtech", etc.) due to the mechanism of import-export of information while maintaining the principle of one-time data entry into the system. It is characterized by holding accounting, the ability to evaluate the performance of various departments of the company. The goal of the program "Intalev: Financial Management" is to increase the efficiency of the management system, which allows the company to receive maximum profit. This goal is achieved by automating the company's management accounting, built on the basis of budget management technology.

Let's list the features of the program:

drawing up and monitoring the execution of budgets for cash flow, income and expenses, purchases, sales, production;

a wide range of reporting characterizing the state and dynamics of the company's performance indicators, including the use of the latest technologies(OLAP analysis);

· A customizable security system that limits the work of users only to their functional areas.

The features of the program include:

· the possibility of organizing joint work of the program with any accounting systems ("1C", "Parus", "BEST", "Comtech", etc.) due to the mechanism of import-export of information;

· preservation of the principle of single entry of data into the system; "holding accounting;

The ability to evaluate the performance of various departments of the company.

1.3 Programs for the analysis of business processes of the BEST series

One of the foundations of successful business management in a trading company is a comprehensive analysis of business processes. To solve this important problem, programs of the BEST series have been created: BEST-F, BEST-ANALYSIS, etc.

For successful work with these programs, only Windows skills and accurate registration of all business transactions in the "BEST-4" system are required.

"BEST-F" is a financial analysis program designed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the financial and property status of an enterprise. It is addressed to leaders and financial directors enterprises, as well as employees of audit and consulting firms. The program allows you to analyze the structure of property, solvency and financial stability of the enterprise, business activity and profitability of economic activity, the policy of attracting borrowed funds, the use of profits, and analyze the business viability of banks and business partners. The program also allows you to analyze commercial activity, predict the state of stocks for subsequent planning of purchases, compare the conditions of supplier firms and choose the most profitable partner, evaluate the work of distributors and sales departments, investigate factors affecting profits, and conduct a structural analysis of distribution costs.

The "BEST-F" program works in a Windows system, it is easy to learn and operate, does not require any special settings. The program can work in conjunction with "BEST-4".

"BEST-ANALYSIS" - information and analytical system for managers trading companies. With the help of this system, heads and managers of trading companies will be able to study the market situation, identify the main patterns and trends in demand, predict the course of sales, rationally use labor resources, warehouse and retail space. The program helps to optimize the work schedule of trade departments and regulate the timing and volume of purchases. The results of the analysis carried out can be used in the development of a turnover plan. Data analysis uses well-known statistical methods(mean, average smoothed, calculation of quadratic deviations, correlation curves, etc.).

The program will allow a financial specialist to analyze the turnover of the enterprise, structural divisions, nomenclature groups and goods, analysis of purchases, calculation of marginal and specific contribution margin, as well as analysis of changes in purchase and selling prices.

The program allows you to evaluate the management of commodity stocks: assessing turnover, identifying illiquid commodity items, calculating the number of turnovers by item, as well as conducting a study of the dynamics of turnover for certain types of goods, item groups, trade divisions and the enterprise as a whole.

"BEST-MARKETING" is a means of assessing the market position of an enterprise. The "BEST-Marketing" program is a convenient and effective tool that allows you to evaluate the market position of an enterprise in a competitive environment. The system is designed for the most common user who does not have a special education in the field of marketing.

The input of information is carried out in the form of natural self-evident assessments according to the principle "worse / better", "important / secondary". The entered qualitative data is converted by the system into quantitative data, which allows to carry out the corresponding calculations.

The program will help identify promising market niches, analyze the competitiveness of the product, advertising campaigns, will offer recommendations to improve their efficiency, stimulate sales. Using the program tools, you can also conduct a comparative analysis of your own product with analogues of competing firms, forecast sales and develop a consolidated budget.

1.4 Program "Financial Analysis"

The program "Financial analysis" allows you to determine the state of the enterprise in dynamics, to make a vertical and horizontal analysis financial statements with and without inflation, calculate more than 50 financial ratios. It automatically compiles about 40 analytical tables, helps to predict further development enterprises, to avoid unpleasant relations with shareholders and counterparties who have access to the balance sheet.

The program "Financial Analysis" allows you to analyze not only new forms of reporting, but also to transform the old ones. "Financial analysis" allows you to determine the state of the equipment fleet and intangible assets at the enterprise, to analyze accounts payable and receivable, i.e. reveal the real value of debts of debtors. Using the program, it is possible to determine the real value of property and other balance sheet items in dynamics, since the program introduces the possibility of adjusting the value of property taking into account inflation.

"Financial analysis" version 3.0. calculates the break-even point, the effect of financial leverage and analyzes the creditworthiness of the enterprise according to various methods given in it. It predicts further changes in balance sheet items and analytical coefficients for the period ahead, allows you to view reports in both Russian and English.

The demo version of the program "Financial Analysis" is available at www. financialis.ru

1.5 Alt-Finance program

A comprehensive assessment of the enterprise's activities, identification of the main trends in its development, calculation of basic standards for planning and forecasting, assessment of the enterprise's creditworthiness - these are the tasks that the Alt-Finance program solves.

The openness and adaptability of the software product "Alt-Finance" provide the user with the opportunity to independently make changes to the program, taking into account their requirements or specific conditions.

Using the data of the standard accounting program "Alt-Finance" allows you to calculate financial indicators that characterize liquidity, solvency, turnover, financial stability, profitability and efficiency in the use of financial resources. The user also has the ability to perform financial analysis using both old and new accounting forms. With the help of a specially written macro, financial statements are automatically converted from the old to the new format. The software product "Alt-Finance" uses the following main methods of analysis:

· horizontal - trend analysis, in which indicators are compared with similar ones for other periods;

· vertical - analysis, which examines the structure of indicators by gradually deepening and detailing;

· comparative - analysis, in which the studied indicators are compared with similar industry averages or indicators of the main competitors.

In addition, the user has the opportunity to conduct a factor analysis of changes in the overall liquidity indicator, return on equity and other indicators.

1.6 Project management program Microsoft Project

Microsoft Project is one of the most widely used project management systems in the world. In many Western companies, Microsoft Project has become a familiar addition to Microsoft Office, even for ordinary employees who use it to schedule simple work packages.

The Microsoft Project program, due to its flexibility and accessibility, has become the de facto standard of the package. general purpose designed to work with projects of small and medium scale. It is a tool that allows high-quality project management with minimal time and cost.

A project of five to ten stages (works), in which two or three performers are involved, is quite manageable with the help of a notebook or organizer. However, projects with more than ten works already need serious management tools, and this program is the undisputed leader among them. The package is simple. The developers of the program did not seek to invest in it complex scheduling or resource planning algorithms. At the same time, considerable attention is paid to the use of modern standards that allow the package to be effectively integrated with other applications.

Microsoft Project allows you to facilitate and organize group work with projects.

Setting up messages for the project team includes the ability to define the composition of project data sent to project participants via e-mail, and setting restrictions on the correction of information sent by recipients.

The creation of a new project begins with the selection of a template supplied with the program or previously created by the user. Then you need to specify the basic information about the project in a special window. First of all, this, of course, is the start and end dates, as well as the way the project is tied to these dates. Next, you will work with the resources necessary to implement the project.

For quick inclusion in the work of a novice user, Microsoft Project provides, in addition to the usual means of assistance, the possibility of step-by-step project development and intellectual prompting.

Among the advantages of the package, it should be noted quite convenient and flexible reporting tools. The main types of reports can be selected from presets.

The ability to simultaneously have several plans for each project will improve the efficiency of the analysis on the principle of "what if ...". At the same time, Microsoft Project provides a minimal set of tools for planning and managing resources.

Additional features of Microsoft Project include import/export of data to various formats, Macro Recorders, Visual Basic.

1.7 OLIMP: FinExport program

Another well-established firm developing targeted analytical software packages is Rosexpertiza. It offers a software product of the OLIMP series: OLIMP: FinExport -- professional program analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise and the forecast of its development, the program uses the best domestic and foreign methods of financial analysis. It was created by specialists of the information technology department of Rosexpertiza, and is addressed to the top management of enterprises, financial managers, analysts, employees of audit and consulting firms, credit and investment departments of banks.

The methodology of financial analysis implemented in the OLIMP: Fin Expert program uses data from external financial statements and is a synthesis of the best methods and techniques of domestic financial analysis (V.V. Kovalev, A.D. Sheremet) and Western methods adapted to domestic practice (E. N. Stoyanova, V.V. Kovalev). This is primarily the calculation of the effects of financial and operating leverage widely used in foreign practice.

The OLIMP:FinExpert program also implements a multi-factor model of the DuPont Corporation for calculating key financial and economic indicators of an enterprise's development: return on net assets (RONA), economic growth of the company (SG), weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Factor analysis allows you to find the root causes of changes in these resulting indicators.

The original method of comparing the financial condition of enterprises and ranking enterprises by the value of the integral indicator, implemented in the program, allows for an effective comparison of enterprises. An important advantage of the methodology incorporated in the OLIMP: FinExpert program is the possibility of mathematical and statistical forecasting of the balance sheet and modeling the consequences of management decisions.

The program works in the following modes:

* verification of reporting;

* express analysis;

* complete analysis;

* methodology of the federal bankruptcy administration;

* DuPont's multivariate model of cost-benefit analysis and economic growth;

* comparison and ranking of enterprises according to complex financial indicators;

* modeling and forecasting the financial condition of the enterprise.

The analyzed data are balance sheet data (form No. 1), income statement (form No. 2), cash flow statement (form No. 4) and other forms of external reporting. The main advantages and benefits of the OLIMP: FinExpert program are as follows:

* conducts a complete and detailed analysis of all sections of financial analysis, calculates more than 100 financial and economic parameters and ratios;

* provides detailed financial and economic information support for all sections, tables, financial and economic indicators, contains over 300 information blocks;

* automatically formulates the results of the analysis, generates conclusions on the analysis and expert assessments of the financial condition of the enterprise;

* conducts a detailed analysis of the effects of financial and operational leverage, which allows assessing the degree of total production and financial risk;

* allows you to clear data from inflationary distortion and analyze the dynamics of the balance sheet in comparable prices;

* makes it possible to predict the financial condition of the enterprise;

* imports accounting data from text, DBF and Excel files;

* its professional version allows the user to change the formulas for calculating indicators, create new analytical tables, implement their own methods of financial analysis in the program;

* implemented under Windows in the Exce1 environment, which allows you to use the technological and graphical capabilities of this environment.

Task 2. Perform financial calculations using Excel:

Option 1.

1. Using the BZ(BS) function.

BS (C4/C3; C3*C5; ; -C2)

2. Use of the BZDIST function.

For a bond with a face value of 200 thousand rubles, issued for six years, the following procedure for calculating interest is provided: the first year 15%, the next two 20%, the remaining three years 25%. Calculate the future (accumulated) value of a bond at a compound interest rate.

BZDIST (B2; B3:B8)

4. Using the function of the refinery(NPV).

Investments in the project by the end of 1 year of its implementation will amount to 10,000 rubles. In the next three years, annual incomes for the project are expected to be 2000, 4500 and 6500 rubles. The cost of raising capital 8%. Calculate the net present value of the project = NPV(B1/B6; B3:B5)

5. Using the CLEAR function.

Investment in the amount of 12 million rubles. dated July 1, 1998, will bring income: 2550 thousand rubles. September 15, 1998, 4750 thousand rubles November 1, 1998, 5350 thousand rubles January 1, 1999 Discount rate 9%. Determine the net present value of the investment as of July 1, 1998 to July 1, 1997.

6. Using the NPER function.

NPER(B4/B5; ; -B3; B2) = n(B8/B5)

8. Using the function PLPROC(PRPLT).

Calculate the interest payments for the first month from a four-year loan of 900 thousand rubles. at the rate of 12% per annum.

PRPLT (B3/B5; 1; B5*B4; B2)

9. Using the GENERAL PAY function.

Loan for real estate is made on the following conditions: interest rate 11% per annum; term 25 years, loan amount 150 thousand rubles, interest is calculated monthly. Find the amount of interest payments for the second year and the first month of the loan.

1= (B2/B4; B4*B3; B5; 13; 24; 0)

2= ​​(B2/B4; B4*B3; B5; 1; 1; 0)

Bibliography

1) Fedorova G.V. "Information technologies of accounting, analysis and audit": textbook. allowance / G.V. Fedorova, - 2nd ed. erased - M.: Publishing house "Omega-L", 2006-304 p.: ill. - (Higher financial education)

2) Mikheeva E.V. "Information technology in the professional activities of an economist and accountant": textbook. allowance for students. avg. prof. education / E.V. Mikheeva, O.I. Titov - 2nd ed. erased - M.: Publishing House. house "Academy", 2006-208 p.

Comparative analysis of software products
for financial analysis of enterprises (organizations)

"Alt-Finance 1.5", "Audit Expert 3.0" and "AFSP 2.2"

Software "Alt-Finance" developed by the research and consulting firm "ALT".

Software "Audit Expert 3.0" developed by the company "Pro-Invest Consulting".

Software "Analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise" developed by the company "INEK".

Similarity of software products

Software products "Alt-Finance", "Audit Expert" and "AFSP" are designed to analyze the financial condition of enterprises (organizations). As initial information for the analysis, the data of standard forms of financial statements - Balance Sheet, Statement of Financial Results are used.

Software products allow you to analyze the state of the enterprise (organization) in the following areas:

• balance structure,
• liquidity,
• financial stability,
• profitability,
• turnover,
• profitability,
• analysis of labor efficiency.

The calculation results are presented in the form of tabular forms and diagrams.

The possibility of registration of the result of calculations in Russian and English languages ​​is provided.

Comparative analysis of software products
for the evaluation of investment projects "Alt-Invest" and "Project Expert"

The software product "Alt-Invest" was developed by ICF "ALT".

The software product "Project Expert" was developed by a consulting firm "Pro-Invest Consulting".

Similarity of software products

Software products are designed to conduct a comprehensive assessment of investment projects, and allow you to calculate the entire set of performance and solvency indicators necessary for preparing a business plan for an investment project.

The software products are based on the methodology for evaluating investment projects developed by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). At the same time, software products take into account the specifics of the Russian economy (taxation, inflationary processes).

Software products allow:

• form a budget investment project subject to changes external environment(inflation, refinancing rates of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation),
• evaluate the financial viability of the project (calculate indicators of profitability, turnover and liquidity),
• evaluate the economic efficiency of investments,
• form the main forms of financial reporting (cash flow statement, income statement, balance sheet),
• receive calculation results in tabular and graphical form,
• prepare the results of calculations in Russian and English.

Software products provide for the analysis of the sensitivity of the project to changes in its main parameters.

Working with the specified software products involves two stages. At the first stage, data on the project is entered, then the main indicators are automatically calculated and graphs are plotted to analyze the attractiveness of the investment project.

The main differences between software products