In public associations, the dependence of the status of public associations on their territorial sphere of activity has been established. Mandatory indication of the territorial scope of activity public association must contain in the name of the organization. There are four territorial types of public associations:

1. All-Russian public association can carry out its activities in the territories of more than half of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and has its own structural subdivisions there - organizations, departments or branches and representative offices. Currently, the Russian Federation consists of 85 subjects. Lack of required quantity structural divisions is a violation and may lead to the liquidation of the public association. The inclusion in the names of all-Russian public associations of the name Russian Federation or Russia, as well as words derived from this name,allowed without special permission.
2. Interregional public association carries out its activities in the territories of less than half of the subjects Russian Federation and has its own structural subdivisions there - organizations, departments or branches and representative offices. To obtain this status, it is enough to have branches in at least 2 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Interregional public associations have a special structure, which, as a rule, consists of regional and local branches.
3. Regional public association, the activity of such an association in accordance with its statutory goals is carried out within the territory of one subject. For example, the Moscow Public Organization for the Protection of Consumer Rights, as the very name of the organization implies, operates in Moscow.
4. local public association conducts its activities within the territory of only one local government. For example, the local public regional organization of motorists Losinoostrovskaya operates on the territory of the intracity municipality Losinoostrovskoe city of Moscow.

Branches has the right to acquire the rights of a legal entity and is also entitled to carry out activities on the basis of its charters registered in in due course. At the same time, the goals and objectives of the branches should not contradict the charter of the parent public association. It is the possibility of a regional branch to become an independent legal entity that leads to the fact that when creating a regional branch, it should have at least three members representatives of this region. Since a public association is created on the initiative of the founders - at least three individuals and (or) public associations.

Free association to protect their legitimate interests is one of the human and civil rights specified in the Basic Law of the State. Of course, not every collective entity falls under this rule. Only valid for permanent basis, a group created and entered in the state register can be recognized as a public association and fall under the protection of Art. 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Definition of a public association

The specified right of citizens is realized both in the form of direct association in a collective, and through registered organizations - public associations. Last option is more preferable for those who are aimed at achieving specific results (public control, legislative initiative), and not just expressing their active position. A registered public association is protected by the state, has the opportunity to defend its rights and interests, participate in elections and referendums (if it sets itself such a goal and indicates this in the charter), as well as defend the interests of its own or its members in court.

Article 5 of the Federal Law of May 19, 1995 No. 82-FZ defines public associations as created on a voluntary basis, non-profit, self-governing formations of citizens with common interests, united to achieve common goals.

Conditions for creating an association

Before creating a public organization, you should make sure that the formation meets the following conditions:

1. Voluntary nature of creation - the association is established on the initiative of citizens or legal entities who wish to become its founders. Prior permissions (approvals) for this process are not required, and the founders must be connected by a common interest.
2. Self-management - the initiative and independent adoption by the participants of all decisions on the management of the association, including the determination of the structure, management and financial and auditing bodies.
3. Non-commercial nature - associations do not conduct activities related to the regular receipt of profit, which is subsequently distributed among the participants.

This is a fundamental difference that separates such formations from commercial legal entities.

Organizational types of associations

Forms of a public organization is a set of conditions and features established in the current legislation that are characteristic of a certain category of public associations, consisting of a description of the goals of creation, the order of relationships between participants and third parties, as well as the procedure for managing property and income.

The choice of the form of the created association is the prerogative of its founders.

1. Public organization. A common form of organizational and legal structure, the features of which are mandatory membership (documented) and joint activities to achieve the goals. For example, public organizations are trade unions, consumer societies, homeowners associations.
2. Social movement. This form is characterized by mass character, with the absence of registered membership and without the need to maintain constant communication and activity. It is aimed at satisfying the non-material interests and desires of citizens (charity, culture, education, ecology, animal protection, etc.). Social movements can unite a large number of of people different ages and provisions, which, accordingly, allows you to organize crowded events.
3. Public fund. The activity of such associations is quite specific, since it consists in the formation and management of property, which is subsequently directed to the statutory goals. The sources of welfare of the funds are voluntary contributions, donations and other non-prohibited receipts. In this case, the transfer of property to the founders is unacceptable.
4. Public institution. There is also no registered membership here, but its activities are limited to the provision of services of a certain type, aimed at achieving statutory goals.
5. Organ of public initiative. Such public associations arise at the place of residence, work or study and are aimed at resolving the social problems of those who are part of the formation itself. Amateur bodies include people's teams, parent committees, voluntary fire brigades, library councils, etc.
6. Political Party. This form of public association aims to involve citizens of the Russian Federation in the political life of society in the form of forming their beliefs and positions, participating in actions (rallies, processions, pickets, demonstrations), in elections different levels and referendums, as well as to represent interests.

In addition to organizational forms, there are many other criteria for classifications. For example, depending on whose protection the association operates, there are children's and youth public organizations, societies for the protection of the disabled, participants in the Second World War, a society for the blind, and so on.

Associations and unions of public associations

Public organizations different forms to achieve better results in work, unions and associations can be formed. Members of such a collective association participate in its management through their representatives.

At the same time, the forming feature of associations is the uniformity of all participants (uniformity of forms of associations), and for unions - the commonality of the goals for which it is created. It is also possible that an association becomes a member of the union, which can be called a primary collective public association.

The Union of Public Organizations, like the association, in its work focuses mainly on coordinating the work of its members and increasing its efficiency. These goals are achieved by holding joint events, exchanging information and attracting financial resources.

To achieve an effective result, collective associations are registered as legal entities. Then the association and the union get the opportunity not only to confer and develop a common strategy of activity, but also to form financial and material resources for the implementation of various projects, programs and events.

Creation of an association or union, taking into account that the founders are legal entities, is similar to the registration procedure of any public association. However, the volume of the constituent agreement is much higher, since its content should describe in detail the relationship of the parties (members of the union or association) for an indefinite period, establish rights and obligations, responsibility and the procedure for interaction.

The property of a collective association is formed at the expense of regular receipts of participants. The amount and procedure for making contributions must be determined in the memorandum of association and articles of association. The assets of an association or union may be generated from the following sources:

• regular or one-time membership fees;
• donations (including targeted donations);
• proceeds from the sale of products, the fulfillment of orders and the provision of services;
• dividends and other income (interest on shares, securities, deposits);
• property income ( rent etc.).

Territorial levels of associations

Russian public organizations differ not only in the forms of organizational structure, but also in the territory in which they operate. Currently, the following levels can be distinguished:

• All-Russian public organization - has branches, representative offices or departments in more than half of the regions of the Russian Federation.
• Interregional public organization - has independent structural units and operates on the territory of less than half of the country's subjects.
• Regional public organization - carries out activities within one subject of Russia (territory, republic, region). To obtain this status, it is necessary to indicate in the charter that the work will be carried out within a certain territory.
• Local public organization - carries out work on the implementation of statutory goals within the boundaries of a local government body (administrative district, district or settlement). Despite the small space for activities, local associations, as well as regional ones, have the right to create their own branches and representative offices and further increase their territorial level.

Children's and youth associations

Public organizations in Russia, whose activities are aimed at the development and protection of children and the younger generation, deserve special mention. Their creation and work are regulated not only by the Federal Law of May 19, 1995 No. 82-FZ, but also by international documents - the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child of 1924 and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1984.

Children's public organizations have a positive social and moral orientation and are considered as significant factor in the development of the next generation of society. The right to participate in the work and the status of an active participant in a children's public association is received by minor citizens who have reached the age of 8 years. However, they cannot be founders and participate in management, as they do not have sufficient civil legal capacity.

Youth public organizations have the right to include age restrictions for participants in the statutory documents. Thus, the age category of members will demonstrate that the public formation belongs to youth associations.

Documents for registering an association

The freedom of civil society is also manifested in the order of the creation of public organizations in Russia. They are considered created not from the date of state registration, but from the moment a decision on their creation is made at a conference or general meeting of founders. Thus, the state recognizes the right of citizens to association as realized in fact from the moment of the corresponding expression of will.

The procedure for registering associations is carried out according to the norms of Art. 21 federal law dated May 19, 1995 No. 82-FZ and consists of 2 stages: making a decision and making an entry on the creation of a legal entity in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. From the moment the latter is committed, the public association acquires its legal capacity.

The list of documents for registering a public association is defined in paragraph 28 of the Administrative Regulations, approved by Order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2011 No. 455. It includes:

1. Application for registration. Application form P11001 is used, approved by order of the Federal Tax Service dated January 25, 2012 No. ММВ-7-6/25@. The relevant columns of this application contain information about the founders and the address (location) of the permanent governing body.
2. Charter of an association or association (union) of public associations in 3 copies, stitched and numbered.
3. Constituent agreement (agreement) or an extract from the minutes of the founding conference (congress, meeting, meeting). The latter should contain information about the creation of the association, the approval of the charter and the formation of governing and auditing bodies.
4. A document confirming the payment of the state fee, the amount of which is determined in paragraph 1 of part 1 of Art. 333.33 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and amounts to 4,000 rubles. Payment is made on behalf of the applicant as an individual.
5. Minutes of constituent meetings (conferences, congresses) of structural units for all-Russian, interregional and international associations. A regional public organization does not provide additional documents, even if it has branches and departments within the subject.
6. In the case of using a personal name or a copyrighted sign in the name (symbols, motto), permission to use it is attached to the package of documents.

A set of documents is submitted for registration no later than 3 months from the date of the constituent assembly. The process of entering the association into the register as a legal entity should last no more than 17 days. This is 3 times longer than for commercial associations and is due to the specifics of the status.

Requirements for founders of associations

The process of creating an organization begins with a voluntary initiative of its founders, who decide on the need for the emergence public formation to protect their own and public interest, achieving common goals. Before creating a public organization, it is necessary to check how its founders meet the requirements of the founders of public associations.

The number of founders cannot be less than 3, but maximum size unlimited, which allows the social movement to flourish. The origins of public organizations can be individuals and legal entities (non-profit associations), which, within the framework of formation, will have equal rights and obligations.

The main conditions for founders and members of a public association are 18 years of age and full legal capacity. The only exceptions are members of children's and youth associations, where the age can start from 8 and 14 years old, respectively.

Despite the fact that the Federal Law of May 19, 1995 No. 82-FZ speaks exclusively about citizens, foreigners and stateless persons who are legally in the country can also act as the founder of an organization or movement.

1. Foreign citizens and stateless persons included in the "black lists" of the Russian Federation.
2. Persons (people and organizations) included in the list of suspects in extremist and terrorist activities.
3. Public associations various forms banned in the Russian Federation (“Right Sector”, “Islamic State”, “Bloody Harvest Union”, etc.).
4. Individuals who are held in places of deprivation of liberty by a court decision. And we are talking only about serving real terms, but not about those under the condition of early release.
5. Organs state power, local self-government of any levels. However, this restriction does not apply to state and municipal employees as individuals.

The founders are not required to obtain permission or notify the authorities of their decision to create a public association, since the state should not exert any influence on its activities.

Charter of a public association

Details of the structure, future activities, features of relations between participants and other provisions are described in the charter, which is the founding document of the association. The content of this document, in general terms, consists of the following:

1. General information about the created public association - name (full, abbreviated), address, organizational form and the area in which the activity is carried out.
2. The goals of the association, which is understood as the intended result of its existence. It should be borne in mind that the intentions declared in the charter cannot be related to entrepreneurial activity, that is, making a profit. A public organization in Russia should strive to achieve social, charitable, cultural, educational and scientific goals, as well as the goals of protecting health, satisfying spiritual and other non-material needs, protecting rights and legitimate interests, peaceful resolution of conflicts, assistance (psychological, legal, material). The list of good intentions is very long and is always compiled with association in mind.
3. A detailed description of the structure of the association, managing and financial and auditing bodies with a description of their powers, the procedure for formation and work. The rights of public organizations to determine the competence, formation and term of office of the governing bodies are very broad. Periodic conferences, general meetings, the board, the council of the association, the board of trustees (for foundations) can act as them. In general, all management structures are divided into higher, which determine the direction and principle of work, and executive, responsible for the current management. Auditing bodies, in turn, exercise control over financial activities public association, directing the accumulated property for the fulfillment of statutory goals.
4. Regulations on the replacement and reorganization of the governing and control and financial bodies at the end of the period determined by the founders.
5. Conditions for obtaining and losing membership, as well as the procedure for joining and exclusion from the association.
6. List of rights and obligations of members (participants) of a public association. Since the creation of the formation is based on voluntariness, the charter should not oblige them to do anything for the effective operation of the organization. Basically, the obligations of the participants relate to the timely payment of contributions, participation in management, implementation of decisions of the governing and auditing bodies, inadmissibility of causing damage. The list of rights of members of associations, in addition to those enshrined in law, may include the possibility of obtaining information about the work of the organization as a whole and its bodies in particular, receiving assistance, advice, participation in ongoing events, receiving benefits and privileges.
7. The symbols of a public association are of great importance for its activities, and therefore their description (including graphic images) is given in the content of the charter.

Both the association itself as a legal entity and its founders (participants) must be guided by the requirements of the charter of a public association. Other participants in legal relations with a particular public association must also take into account the provisions of the charter of the partner public association, since the exchange of copies constituent documents is a common practice when concluding any type of contract.

Entrepreneurial activities of associations

Founders often think about the question of how to create a public organization in order to be able to carry out activities with profit, which will cover, in whole or in part, the expenses of the association. According to paragraph 4 of Art. 50 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, any non-profit associations have the right to carry out profitable activities, if this is provided for by their Charter. However, the norm also contains a restriction - income must be directed to achieve the goals of associations and cannot be redistributed among its participants (members).

Public organizations can receive income from the following sources:

• use of property, including its lease;
• production of goods and provision of services;
• accommodation Money on deposit accounts;
• acquisition and circulation of shares and valuable papers;
• participation in business companies as a contributor.

It is worth taking into account the position of the Supreme Arbitration Court, which in Resolution No. 1441/97 of July 08, 1997 did not recognize as income the interest received by a housing construction cooperative from placing funds on a deposit account with the Savings Bank of Russia. The court pointed out that the activities of the cooperative are not entrepreneurial, since they are implemented not by the non-profit organization itself, but by its representative (bank).

However, if the profit comes in systematically, makes up the bulk of its income and is directed to the needs of the formation itself, such activity of public organizations is already entrepreneurial.

Creation of a public association without registration

Information about the procedure and requirements for registration of public organizations is in the public domain. But not everyone can understand how to create a public organization without formal registration.

Such a formation arises as an ordinary association of citizens, and the right to create it is provided for in Art. 3 of the Federal Law of May 19, 1995 No. 82-FZ "On Public Associations". The requirements and procedure for creating an association do not differ from those provided for public organizations acting as a legal entity. However, the list of documents is limited to the articles of association and articles of incorporation, which remain in the custody of the governing body.

Among the advantages of informal associations, they highlight the opportunity not to keep accounting and tax documentation, not to spend money and time on registration and reporting to the Ministry of Justice. But on the other hand, an association without obtaining the status of a legal entity cannot be a participant in civil circulation, have own funds and open bank accounts, act as a representative of interests, manage property. Thus, it can only use deliberative opportunities and exchange information.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 18-FZ of 10.01.2006)

In order to acquire the rights of a legal entity, a public association is subject to state registration in accordance with Federal Law No. 129-FZ of August 8, 2001 "On State Registration of Legal Entities and individual entrepreneurs(hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law "On State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs"), taking into account the procedure for state registration of public associations established by this Federal Law.
The decision on state registration (on refusal of state registration) of a public association is made by the federal executive body authorized in the field of state registration of public associations (hereinafter referred to as the federal state registration body), or its territorial body. The entry into the unified state register of legal entities of information on the creation, reorganization and liquidation of public associations, as well as other information provided for by federal laws, is carried out by the federal executive body authorized in accordance with Article 2 of the Federal Law "On State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs" (hereinafter - authorized registering body) on the basis of a decision on the corresponding state registration adopted by the federal body of state registration or its territorial body.
The decision on the state registration of an international or all-Russian public association is made by the federal body of state registration.
The decision on state registration of an interregional public association is made by the territorial body of the federal body of state registration at the location of the permanent governing body of the public association.
The decision on state registration of a regional or local public association is made by the territorial body of the federal body of state registration in the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation.
For state registration of a public association with the federal body of state registration or its appropriate territorial body the following documents are submitted:
1) an application signed by an authorized person (hereinafter referred to as the applicant), indicating his last name, first name, patronymic, place of residence and contact numbers;
2) the charter of the public association in triplicate;
3) an extract from the minutes of the founding congress (conference) or general meeting, containing information on the creation of a public association, on the approval of its charter and on the formation of governing bodies and a control and audit body;
4) information about the founders;
5) a document confirming payment of the state fee;
6) information about the address (location) of the permanent governing body of the public association, through which communication with the public association is carried out;
7) minutes of founding congresses (conferences) or general meetings of structural divisions for international, all-Russian and interregional public associations;
8) when using in the name of a public association the personal name of a citizen, symbols protected by the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of intellectual property or copyright, as well as full name of another legal entity as part of its own name - documents confirming the authority to use them.
The documents specified in part six of this article shall be submitted within three months from the date of the founding congress (conference) or general meeting.
State registration of youth and children's public associations is carried out if fully capable citizens are elected to the governing bodies of these associations.
Changes made to the charters of public associations are subject to state registration in the same manner and within the same timeframe as the state registration of public associations, and acquire legal force from the date of such registration.
The decision on state registration of a branch of a public association is made by the territorial body of the federal body of state registration in the relevant subject of the Russian Federation on the basis of documents submitted by the branch of the public association in accordance with part six of this article and certified by the central governing body of the public association, as well as a copy of the document on state registration of the public associations. At the same time, the state registration of a branch of a public association is carried out in the manner prescribed for the state registration of public associations. If a branch of a public association does not adopt its charter and acts on the basis of the charter of the public association of which it is a branch, the central governing body of this association shall notify the territorial body of the federal body of state registration in the relevant subject of the Russian Federation of the presence of the said branch, its location, provides information about its governing bodies. In this case, the specified department acquires the rights of a legal entity from the date of its state registration.
The federal state registration body or its territorial body, within thirty days from the date of filing an application for state registration of a public association, is obliged to make a decision on state registration of a public association or to refuse state registration of a public association and issue a reasoned refusal to the applicant in writing.
The federal state registration body or its territorial body, after making a decision on the state registration of a public association, sends to the authorized registering body the information and documents necessary for this body to perform the functions of maintaining a unified state register legal entities.
Based said decision and the information and documents submitted by the federal state registration body or its territorial body, the authorized registering body, within a period of not more than five working days from the date of receipt of these information and documents, makes an appropriate entry in the unified state register of legal entities and no later than the working day following the day of making such a record, notifies the body that made the decision on the state registration of the public association.
The federal body of state registration or its territorial body, no later than three working days from the date of receipt from the authorized registering body of information on the entry in the unified state register of legal entities of an entry about a public association, issues a certificate of state registration to the applicant.
Behind state registration public association, changes made to its charter, a state fee is levied in the manner and in the amount provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees.

Local executive authorities keep records of public associations created and operating on their territory.
To register a public association, within a month from the date of its establishment, an application is submitted, signed by the authorized representatives of the founders, indicating their place of residence. The application shall be accompanied by the charter (regulations, other basic document) and the minutes of the constituent assembly.
An application for registration of a public association is considered within two months from the date of its receipt.
Changes and additions to the charters (regulations, other basic documents) of public associations are subject to registration in the same manner and terms as the registration of public associations.
The bodies that register public associations maintain a register of these associations.
Public associations or their organizations (bodies) from the date of their registration are recognized in accordance with the law as legal entities.
The registration of a public association may be refused if the charter (regulation, other basic document) of this public association contradicts the requirements of Articles 3 and 4 of this Law, or if a public association with the same name was previously registered. In this case, the applicants are informed about this in writing, indicating the reasons for the refusal.
Refusal to register a public association may be appealed against in court within three months.

Basic provisions on public organizations

Founders and charter of a public organization

Rights and obligations of a participant (member) of a public organization

Features of management in a public organization

The concept and basic provisions of a public organization

Law No. 99-FZ dated May 5, 2014 introduces into § 6 "Non-commercial corporate organizations" of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation whole section 3 "Public organizations" (articles 123 8 - 123 11):

Article 123 4 . Basic provisions on public organizations

Public organizations voluntary associations of citizens who have united in the manner prescribed by law on the basis of their common interests to meet spiritual or other non-material needs, to represent and protect common interests and achieve other goals that do not contradict the law are recognized

A public organization is the owner of its property. Its participants (members) do not retain property rights to the property transferred by them to the ownership of the organization, including membership fees.

Participants (members) of a public organization are not liable for the obligations of the organization in which they participate as members, and the organization is not liable for the obligations of its members.

Public organizations may form associations (unions) in accordance with the procedure established by this Code.

A public organization, by decision of its participants (members), may be transformed into an association (union), an autonomous non-profit organization or a foundation.

Commentary on Article 123 4 of the Civil Code

Previously given in the Law "On Public Associations" the concept of a public organization has not undergone significant changes.

A public organization is a formation that is characterized by the following features:

voluntariness;

self-management;

non-commercial character;

created on the initiative of citizens united on the basis of common interests;

was created to achieve the common goals of the participants, which are at the same time statutory goals (in other words, it has a target orientation of activity).

Voluntariness means an opportunity for citizens, without any obstacles and without taking into account external reasons, without compulsion, having shown free will, to join a public organization (become its participant). Article 30 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes: "everyone has the right to association" and "no one can be forced to join or stay in any association."

self-management means the autonomous, independent functioning of the organization and the determination of its statutory goals at the free choice of its founders.

non-commercial nature assumes that making a profit is not the main goal of the activity of a public organization and that the profit received is not distributed among its participants. However, profit-making is, in principle, permissible. At the same time, entrepreneurial activity can be the main source of funding for their activities, but if the purpose of such organizations is not to make a profit, then they will still be non-profit.

The ban on the distribution of profits essentially means limiting the right to dispose of this profit.

The creation of an organization on the initiative of citizens united on the basis of a common interest means the creation, by the will of citizens, of at least three in number, which is directly and unequivocally expressed. Initiative manifests itself in the form of actions to create an organization, in a certain order.

Another essential feature is that any organization is created to implement the common goals of uniting citizens.

The goals are fixed in the charter of a public association. Public organizations can be created to achieve social, charitable, cultural, educational, scientific and managerial goals, in order to protect the health of citizens, develop physical culture and sports, meeting the spiritual and other non-material needs of citizens, protecting the rights, legitimate interests of citizens and organizations, resolving disputes and conflicts, providing legal assistance, as well as for other purposes aimed at achieving public benefits.

The founders of a public organization can now only be individuals.

Founders and charter of a public organization

Law No. 99-FZ of May 5, 2014 introduces an article on the requirements for founders and the content of the charter of public organizations:

Article 123 5 . Founders and charter of a public organization

The number of founders of a public organization cannot be less than three.

The charter of a public organization must contain information about its name and location, the subject and goals of its activities, as well as conditions on the procedure for joining (accepting) a public organization and leaving it, the composition and competence of its bodies and the procedure for making decisions by them, including on issues, decisions on which are taken unanimously or by a qualified majority of votes, on the property rights and obligations of a participant (member) of the organization and on the procedure for distributing property left after the liquidation of the organization.

Commentary on Article 123 5 of the Civil Code

The Civil Code establishes a new minimum number of founders of a public organization - 3 people (which corresponds to the provisions of the Law "On Public Associations").

The founders of a public organization can be any individuals, not just citizens of the Russian Federation.

Restrictions may be specifically provided for in the law. For example, in accordance with Article 2 of Law No. 10-FZ "On Trade Unions, Their Rights and Guarantees of Activity", individuals who have reached the age of 14 and are engaged in labor (professional) activities have the right to join a trade union. Citizens of the Russian Federation living outside its territory may be members of Russian trade unions. Foreign citizens and stateless persons residing on the territory of the Russian Federation may be members of Russian trade unions, with the exception of cases established by federal laws or international treaties of the Russian Federation.

All restrictions on the circle of persons who can be founders, established earlier in the Law "On Public Associations", are removed.

Article establishes General requirements to the content of the only constituent document of a public organization - the charter.

A legal entity has its own name, containing an indication of its organizational and legal form.

The name of a public organization must contain an indication of the nature of their activities.

Taking into account the special legal capacity non-profit organizations(Article 49 of the Civil Code) and in accordance with Article 52 of the Civil Code, the charter of a public organization must also determine its location, the procedure for managing the activities of a legal entity, as well as the subject of activity of a legal entity.

Rights and obligations of a participant (member) of a public organization

Law No. 99-FZ of May 5, 2014 introduces an article on the rights and obligations of a participant (member) of a public organization:

Article 123 6 . Rights and obligations of a participant (member) of a public organization

A participant (member) of a public organization shall exercise the corporate rights provided for by paragraph 1 of Article 65 2 of this Code in the manner prescribed by the charter of the organization. He also has the right, on an equal footing with other participants (members) of the organization, to use the services provided by it free of charge.

A participant (member) of a public organization, along with the obligations provided for participants in a corporation by paragraph 4 of Article 65 2 of this Code, also bears the obligation to pay membership and other property contributions provided for by its charter.

A participant (member) of a public organization, at his discretion, has the right to withdraw from the organization in which he participates at any time.

Membership in a public organization is inalienable. The exercise of the rights of a participant (member) of a public organization cannot be transferred to another person.

Commentary on Article 123 6 of the Civil Code

Public organizations are created on the initiative of their founders. Founders "automatically", i.e. at the same time from the moment the organization is created, they become their members (participants), acquiring the appropriate status.

The main rights and obligations of participants in a public organization are indicated in the article.

Management in a public organization

Law No. 99-FZ of May 5, 2014 introduces an article on the regulation of management issues in public organizations:

Article 123 7 . Features of management in a public organization

The exclusive competence of the highest body of a public organization, along with the issues specified in paragraph 2 of Article 65 3 of this Code, also includes the adoption of decisions on the amount and procedure for payment by its participants (members) of membership and other property contributions.

In a public organization, a sole executive body (chairman, president, etc.) is formed, and permanent collegial executive bodies (council, board, presidium, etc.) can be formed.

By decision of the general meeting of members of a public organization, the powers of its body may be prematurely terminated in cases gross violation by this body of its duties, revealed inability to properly conduct business or in the presence of other serious grounds.

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How to open a non-profit organization step by step

In the past, a separate service (FRS) was in charge of state registration issues. But later it was abolished, and the fictions were transferred directly to the Ministry of Justice. As a result, there have been some changes in the procedure:

• registration of organizations;
• correction of information previously indicated in the constituent papers;
• reorganization;
• and finally liquidation.

Whatever it was, but only one question is of interest: how to open a non-profit organization? You will need to contact the Department of Justice directly. It is this department that registers NGOs, both Russian and foreign, in the event that the latter intend to start working in the country.

In each region, there are territorial offices of the Ministry of Justice, which are in charge of opening certain organizations. Submission of a package of constituent documents is carried out both personally by the founders and through the Russian Post. In the latter case, the papers are sent by registered mail along with the description.

At the same time, there are many specialized commercial organizations in the country that can fully take care of all the necessary chores for a separate fee, of course. On average, their services in the Russian Federation cost 15 thousand rubles.

What is needed to open

First of all, you should perform the following sequence of actions:

• come up with a name;
• find the premises, the location of which will become the legal address;
• determine the direction of activity;
• fix the decision to establish an NPO.

The chosen name of the organization should indicate the nature of its activities. The law prohibits the use of the names of state structures, both full and in the form of abbreviations.

The location of the organization is determined by the place of registration. The legal address is entered into the State Register of Legal Entities, which must be within the boundaries of the territorial entity chosen for work.

There is a fairly wide range of activities. This circumstance allows the founders of NCOs to choose the most appropriate form.

The decision to establish an organization is made by the initiators unanimously at the general meeting, in the situation where the NPO decided to create several citizens. Then it is necessary to approve the charter and form the board.

Only after carrying out all the above preliminary procedures, you can begin to collect the required documents.

NPO Forms

Religious or social organizations. They are associations of citizens who adhere to common views and worldviews. Their task is to satisfy the needs of an intangible nature.

Charitable Foundation. This type of organization differs from the above in that there is no membership in it. It was established on the initiative of commercial structures, and individuals. The basis of its activities is the collection of voluntary donations directed to the following purposes:

• charitable;
• social;
• cultural;
• educational, etc.

It is also worth mentioning the non-profit partnership. This form of NPO is based on membership. Both citizens and legal entities can establish it. The main task is to assist all participants in the organization in achieving various goals that are significant for society.

A private institution is an NPO founded by one citizen or legal entity. Its purpose is to carry out the following non-commercial functions:

• socio-cultural;
• managerial.

It is also worth mentioning the autonomous NPO. An organization of this kind does not have a membership and is created to provide the following services:

• educational;
• healthcare;
• cultural;
• scientific;
• legal;
• sports, etc.

The Association is an association of both legal entities and individuals designed to protect common interests.

Cossack society. This is another form of civic organization acting to ensure:

• protection of rights;
• preservation of the traditional way of life;
• revival of the Cossack movement;
• conducting business activities;
• cultural development.

Communities of indigenous small nationalities of the Russian Federation.

A specific form of organization that unites persons on the following grounds:

• related;
• territorially neighboring.

The purpose of existence is to preserve traditions, culture and crafts.

Each form of association has the right, after registration, to create in other regions:

• branch;
• separate division.

They, in turn, must also be registered at their location.

See also: How an individual can open a foreign currency account with Sberbank

Required documents

Submission of papers for registration must be carried out no later than 3 months after the constituent assembly. The legislation indicates that the following documents are required without fail:

• application certified by a notary (form РН0001);
• memorandum of association or approved articles of association;
• resolution on creation (2 copies);
• a document confirming the transfer of the state fee;
• information about the location of the NGO.

The application must include the full names of the founders, their home addresses and contact phone numbers.

As a document containing information about the location of the NPO, the following are suitable:

• certificate of ownership of real estate;
• lease agreement;
• letter of guarantee, etc.

Terms of consideration and submission of documents

As practice shows, the review takes quite a lot of time. In general, the whole process can be divided into the following stages:

• preparation of documents;
• transfer to the bodies of the Ministry of Justice;
• registration of NCOs in the state register;
• tax registration, pension fund, employment service;
• obtaining permission for printing and its production;
• acquisition of the status of an NPO in the Federal Tax Service.

As you can understand, the procedure is quite complicated and requires careful preparation.

To avoid delays, it is extremely important to comply with all norms of relevant legislation. A professionally compiled package is a guarantee that it will take a minimum of time to open. Registration itself usually takes approximately 30 days.

The duty is 4 thousand rubles. Payment can be made through any commercial or state bank in a non-cash manner. Finding out the details of the local branch of the Ministry of Justice is not difficult - just visit its official website.

What documents are issued by government agencies

After the issue is resolved positively, the Ministry of Justice forms an appropriate resolution, on the basis of which data on the new legal entity is entered in the tax service.

After that, the founders will only have to receive a certificate of registration. From that moment on, the organization is recognized as a legal entity. Its founder receives a TIN from the Federal Tax Service. Then he will have to pick up the statistical codes assigned to the organization. To do this, you will need to provide an application, an extract from the state register of legal entities and a certificate of registration there. Rosstat can be contacted not only by the founder himself, but also by his representative. The latter must have a power of attorney issued by a notary.

Like any legal entity, an NPO, in turn, is required to register with some extra-budgetary state funds. This is about:

This procedure is obligatory due to the fact that the format of the activities of NPOs involves the use of hired work force. It is important to understand that the above organizations receive all the necessary information from the tax authorities or the Ministry of Justice. That is, the founders will only have to pick up registration certificates.

NPOs are not required to open a bank account. But it is worth knowing that the absence of it in the future can significantly complicate the work. The thing is that mutual settlements between legal entities should be made exclusively in a non-cash form.

Only after receiving all the documents mentioned above, a non-profit organization has the right to engage in statutory activities.

Are you engaged in a socially useful cause and want to make your work professional, join forces with other citizens and create a public organization? We can give you advice on how to save your time and create an NGO without too much hassle.

Public relations of citizens are regulated current legislation Russian Federation, and when exercising the rights of citizens to unite, create, liquidate and (or) reorganize public associations, there are certain conditions defined by law. It is difficult to understand this set of legislative acts without a consultant. But the first step is the desire, by uniting with others, to make our life a little better, you have already done.

The following documents are required for state registration of public associations:

• 1. Charter of a public organization.
• 2. Minutes of the general meeting of founders.
• 3. Application for registration, including information about the governing body.
• 4. Information about the founders-initiators of the creation of NCOs.
• 5. Regulations on branches (if any).

All these documents are submitted in 2 copies to the Department of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for the Tver Region, where the organization is registered.

Other non-profit organizations submit the following documents:

• 1. Charter of a non-profit organization.
• 2. Memorandum of Association (if required).
• 3. Minutes of the general meeting of founders.
• 4. Application for registration.
• 5. Information about the founders-initiators of the creation of NCOs.
• 6. Receipt of payment of the registration fee.

All of these documents are submitted to the administration of the municipality where the organization is registered.

But the order of registration is not the main thing, because there are some points that you need to know from the very beginning.

According to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, an organization is considered commercial if it has the goal of making a profit, is engaged in entrepreneurial activities and distributes the income received as a result of this activity among its participants (shareholders, shareholders, etc.). A public, or in other words, a non-profit organization (NPO), is an organization created to achieve its statutory goals (integration, rehabilitation, protection of rights, etc.), which does not aim to make a profit, but is engaged in entrepreneurial activities and uses the resulting income to achieve these very statutory goals. That is, the main goal of an NPO cannot be making a profit, and if as a result of the implementation entrepreneurial activity NPO and received a profit, then it cannot be distributed among the founders and (or) members.

NCOs can be created to achieve various socially beneficial goals. It is not allowed to create organizations whose goals or actions are aimed at forcibly changing the foundations of the constitutional order and violating the integrity of the Russian Federation, undermining the security of the state, creating armed formations, inciting social, racial, national or religious hatred. The activities of NCOs can be carried out both in the interests of the whole society, and any of its individual groups or categories.

Another very important point that distinguishes commercial organizations from non-commercial - shareholders or shareholders are the owners of the property of JSC, LLC, etc. Members of a public organization are not the owners of its property and lose their right of ownership when it is transferred to a public organization, unless otherwise provided by law or a lease, use agreement, etc.

Some forms of NCOs (of all public associations) may be informal, i.e. their activity is allowed without state registration, but at the same time, the organization, without acquiring the status of a legal entity, cannot own or on the basis of other real rights separate property, bear rights and obligations, act on its own behalf in court. Only having the status of a legal entity can an organization on its own behalf acquire property and non-property rights, fulfill obligations (be a participant in civil transactions, conduct economic activity), to be a plaintiff and a defendant in court. Legal entities are required to have an independent balance sheet, budget or estimate, be registered with tax and other controlling and accounting government bodies. They can also open and use a bank account.

An NPO can conduct business activities. It includes, in particular: the purchase and sale of consumer goods, the provision of services (including paid services, at cost or below cost), the lease of premises, the storage of funds in deposit accounts, the purchase and sale of securities, participation in business companies and partnerships.

The legislation does not clarify what is meant by "entrepreneurial activity consistent with the goals of the organization." The decision-making always remains with the head (governing body) of the organization, and in disputed, conflict situations the decision on the compliance of the activities carried out with the statutory goals of the organization will be made by the court.

In their business activities, NGOs are guided by the same laws as commercial organizations. Certain types activities, the list of which is determined by law, a legal entity may be engaged only on the basis of a special permit (license). The list of licensed activities is constantly updated, so the head of an NPO needs to constantly monitor changes in the laws of the Russian Federation.

An NPO may be established only in those organizational and legal forms that are determined by federal law.

At the moment, in Russia there is the possibility of creating organizations that do not have the main goal of their activities to make a profit, in the following forms:

• 1. Public organization.
• 2. Social movement.
• 3. Public fund.
• 4. Public institution.
• 5. Organ of public initiative.
• 6. Non-commercial partnership.
• 7. Institution.
• 8. Autonomous non-profit organization.
• 9. Fund.
• 10. Association (union).
• 11. Religious organization.
• 12. Association of homeowners.
• 13. Consumer society.
• 14. Union of Consumer Societies.
• 15. Consumer cooperative.
• 16. Agricultural cooperative.
• 17. Union of agricultural cooperatives.
• 18. Trade union.

Member organizations are more democratic, mobile than other non-profit organizations: the highest governing body in a member organization is always only general meeting(conference, congress) of members, other management and control bodies are necessarily accountable to him; any member of the organization can apply for participation in work in elected bodies; information about the activities of the organization should be available to all members. The founders of such an organization are in no way different from the newly admitted members: the founding members can be expelled from the organization in the same way as others; when voting, founding members may remain in the minority, and a decision will be made that does not meet the interests of the founders. Legislation prohibits giving founding members more rights than other members of the organization. In order to protect the interests of the founders, to prevent the adoption of decisions leading to a change in the policy of the organization, but, on the other hand, not to artificially limit the influx of new members, many affiliates establish " probation» for future members. In the presence of such a procedure, any person wishing to join the organization first becomes a candidate member (associate member) for a predetermined period, and only then, provided there are no complaints against the candidate, he is accepted as a member (full member). During the period of candidacy, the future member of the organization takes part in all meetings, events, pays fees and performs other duties, but the range of rights of the candidate is usually much narrower than that of a member of the organization, and most importantly, he may not have the right to vote when making decisions at general meetings or cannot be elected to the governing bodies.

The legal status of the considered non-profit organizations in the Russian Federation is regulated by:

“Everyone has the right to association, including the right to form trade unions to protect their interests. The freedom of activity of public associations is guaranteed.

No one shall be compelled to join or remain in any association."

Article 117. Public and religious organizations(associations);

Article 118 Foundations;

Article 119

Article 120 Institutions

It is very important to know the procedure and rules for registering public associations, which is regulated by:

The Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, being the federal executive body conducting public policy and exercising management in the field of justice, as well as coordinating the activities in this area of ​​other federal executive bodies, in accordance with the tasks assigned to it, among a number of basic functions, carries out state registration of all-Russian and international public associations, branches of foreign non-governmental associations, as well as legal entities in cases stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The liquidation of public associations by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is carried out on the basis of Art.

29 and 52 of the Federal Law "On Public Associations". This means that associations are liquidated not only because they have not passed the state re-registration in fixed time(Article 52 of the Federal Law), but also as not fulfilling the requirements of Art. 29 of the Law on the annual submission to the registration authority of information on the continuation of its activities, indicating the actual location of the permanent governing body, its name and data on the leaders in the amount of information included in the unified state register of legal entities. Part 2 Art. 29 of the said Federal Law indicates that the failure to submit updated information for entering into the unified state register within 3 years entails the appeal of the body that registered the association to the court with a claim to recognize this association as having ceased its activities as a legal entity and to exclude it from the unified state register of legal entities.

We hope that the information we provide will help you get started. If you write to us about your experience, we will be happy to post this information about ourselves on the site.

Article 6. Founders, members and participants of a public association

The founders of a public association are individuals and legal entities - public associations that convened a congress (conference) or general meeting at which the charter of a public association is adopted, its governing and control and audit bodies are formed. Founders of a public association - individuals and legal entities - have equal rights and bear equal duties.

Members of a public association are individuals and legal entities - public associations, whose interest in jointly solving the problems of this association in accordance with the norms of its charter is formalized by appropriate individual statements or documents that allow taking into account the number of members of a public association in order to ensure their equality as members of this association. Members of a public association - individuals and legal entities - have equal rights and bear equal duties.

Members of a public association have the right to elect and be elected to the governing and control and audit bodies of this association, as well as to control the activities of the governing bodies of a public association in accordance with its charter.

Members of a public association have rights and bear obligations in accordance with the requirements of the rules of the charter of the public association, and in case of non-compliance with these requirements, they can be expelled from the public association in the manner specified in the charter.

Participants of a public association are individuals and legal entities - public associations that have expressed support for the goals of this association and (or) its specific actions, taking part in its activities without the obligatory registration of the conditions for their participation, unless otherwise provided by the charter. Members of a public association - individuals and legal entities - have equal rights and bear equal obligations.