The first birdhouses in Europe began to be made back in the 16th century. At the same time, not only practical (at this time the benefits brought by starlings as exterminators of harmful insects) were already known, but also aesthetic and religious-cult goals. About 300 years ago, during the time of Peter I, a fashion arose to make bird houses and hang them near people’s homes. This tradition has long been firmly rooted in Russia. Specimens of birdhouses made by Vologda peasants at the end of the 18th century have been preserved. early XIX V. In the middle of the 20th century. Hanging bird houses in order to attract birds in areas of mass pest breeding has become particularly widespread. Today, people hang houses and bird feeders on their personal plots, in parks, and even outside their apartment windows. Birds chirp cheerfully, fuss and give good mood. And for summer residents and gardeners, ordinary tits and sparrows also help fight pests of green spaces. In addition to inconspicuous birdhouses, there are, on the contrary, real works of art: decorative birdhouses that decorate a manor or garden.

Project “Let's Help the Birds”

Main goal of the project: WITH creating conditions for the child to develop elements of ecological culture, environmentally literate behavior in nature, and a humane attitude towards living objects of flora and fauna.

Project participants:

pupils of a sanatorium boarding school;

educators;

class teachers

parents;

Project type: short.

Target: Learn how to make a birdhouse and bird feeder.

Tasks:

get acquainted with the history of birdhouses;

develop in pupils an interest in the life of birds;

contribute to the development of a friendly attitude towards nature;

involve parents in the life of their children at school;

study the features of making birdhouses for starlings;

develop a design and produce drawings for the product;

build your own feeder and birdhouse for the starling.

Project rationale:

Many people pay attention to the surrounding nature. Things that do not pollute the environment, made from natural materials, and support the fragile world around us are becoming popular and widespread. All this is connected with the deteriorating environment and is very noticeable in a large polluted city. This topic is very close to us, because the territory of our school is quite large, and nature itself is outside our window. One of the ways to get closer to nature is to make a birdhouse and bird feeders. These bird houses combine both beauty and benefits for the nature around us. After all, a birdhouse is a house for birds, created by human hands, that is, it is our concern for our smaller brothers.

Project implementation stages:

Stage one. Organizational stage

Tasks of the first stage:

determine the topic, purpose and objectives of the project;

identification of necessary technical, information and methodological resources;

Formation of a project strategy.

introduce the life of wintering birds;

develop communication skills of pupils.

choose the most economical option for making a birdhouse and feeder.

Stage two. Practical stage

Second stage tasks:

drawing up a technological map of the birdhouse;

production of a product drawing;

develop children's communication skills;

promote the development of the cognitive sphere of schoolchildren;

help optimize relationships between children and parents;

expand the theoretical knowledge of teachers and parents regarding the issue of wintering birds;

make birdhouses and a feeder together with parents.

Stage three. The final stage.

Objectives of the third stage:

summarize the project;

make and present a presentation of the project;

project protection;

place birdhouses on the school grounds.

Action plan for the implementation of the Birdhouse project

Birdhouse project example

Birdhouse Project

Compiled by:

6th grade student Ivanov Ivan

Head:

technology teacher Trushkina M.N.

Krasny Sulin

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….....3

“Secrets of the birdhouse”…………………...…………………………….4

2.1. Justification and selection of the project……………………………………………...4

2.2. Types of birdhouses……………………………………………………….6

2.3. Design and placement of birdhouses……………………………..7

2.4. Purpose of birdhouses…………………………………………………..7

2.5. Interesting Facts from the life of starlings…………………………………..7

2.6. Starlings are the protectors of gardens and vegetable gardens…………………………………..9

2.7. Practical work…… …………………………………………….10

2.8.Economic calculations…………………………………………………….10

2.9.Manufacturing stages………………………………………………………...11

3. Technological map………………………………………………………12

4. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………17

References………………………………………………………..18

Introduction.

In the spring, I noticed that many starlings arrive, but in the summer they can be seen very rarely. “Why aren’t starlings visible in summer?” There are very few places in the village for them to live. The solution suggested itself - we need to help the birds, which means helping ourselves.

The object of my research was a birdhouse.

Subject of research: birdhouse for starlings.

Purpose of the study: to study the method of making a birdhouse for a starling.

Get acquainted with the history of birdhouses;

Study the features of making birdhouses for starlings;

Build a birdhouse for a starling with your own hands.

Research methods:

Theoretical: study of information sources.

Practical:

a) observation;

b) design;

c) generalization and conclusions.

Hypothesis: making the largest number of birdhouses for starlings is one of the ways to maintain the number of starlings in the village.

The perceived value of the work is that this project aimed at developing creative work and environmental culture.

2. “Secrets of the birdhouse.”

2.1. Justification and choice of topic.

There is a written mention of birdhouses in the “Book for Hunters” of 1774 by Vasily Levshin: “And in the Crimea, Little Russia and in many places in Russia, starlings are found in courtyards under detention, other owners make special bundles for them from birch bark, where they can make nests. Such yard starlings amuse the human ear with a pleasant whistle.”

Apparently, the first massive human attempts to build and provide housing for birds were made much earlier, most likely in the last millennium in India. Hindus have long treated all animals humanely. The Indian myna starling is still hung with dry bottle gourds for nests. Now mynahs can be found in Moscow - they were unintentionally acclimatized here by bird lovers, and the bottle gourd - laginaria - was not so long ago bred in some steppe forestry enterprises specifically for use as bird houses in forest plantations.

In Europe, regardless of the Indians, the inhabitants of the Netherlands were the first to learn how to attract starlings. This is confirmed by some Flemish paintings, which, starting from 1500, depict birdhouses and birds around them.

There are also written confirmations. Professor G.P. Dementyev found in the ancient treatise “On the Birds of Olina,” printed in Rome in 1622, images of a starling and a clay birdhouse nearby. Flemish birdhouses were made of baked clay, in the shape of a jug, flat on one side. On this flat wall there was a hole large enough for a hand to pass through. On the other hand - the entrance. The birdhouse was hung on a nail on buildings, with the flat side facing the wall. The large hole was, of course, not for a nail. Birdhouses, it turns out, were hung not at all to protect starlings, but, on the contrary, to be used as food for the chicks as soon as they grew up.

Even earlier, the Novgorodians, who settled the northern lands right up to the White Sea, attracted goldeneye ducks in dugout logs. In nature, they nest in hollows. They placed nest boxes along the river banks, and when the egg laying ended, they drove around the nest boxes in a boat and collected the eggs. The second masonry was no longer touched. And now in the Darwin Nature Reserve on the Rybinsk Reservoir, goldeneyes willingly settle in large “birdhouses” made of boards. Of course, no one takes away their clutches. And in Moscow, goldeneyes nest on some ponds at VDNKh and the Zoo. It would be very simple to revive the old custom of hanging nest boxes for them. Then it would be possible to breed these small beautiful animals in the capital. diving ducks.

Well, the birdhouse itself - a wooden bird house made of boards - also first appeared in Rus'. In the old days, birdhouses were real works of art. Figures of people were cut out on a piece of log with a cavity in the center and painted. From the boards they built a kind of mansion with a gable roof and a balcony decorated with carvings. The birds didn't need it, but people liked it. Interesting antique birdhouses are kept in the collections of the Historical Museum in Moscow and the Toy Museum in Zagorsk. The very complexity of production spoke of the love with which people treated this work and the inhabitants of the houses - starlings.

Professor G.P. Dementyev wrote that “apparently, it was among the rural population of Russia that the idea of ​​protecting birds for ethical and aesthetic reasons first arose.”

In our time, this glorious Russian custom is not only not forgotten, but has spread to cities. In areas of Moscow new buildings there are many birdhouses on trees, and where there are none - on balconies. It is the new settlers who “for luck” invite the starlings to settle nearby.

The German scientist Hennicke, in his large “Manual on Attracting Birds” published in 1912, attributes the “invention” of the birdhouse to the German zoologist G. C. Gloger. In this regard, it is appropriate to quote a few lines from the minutes of the meeting of the Committee on Animal Acclimatization on February 14, 1857 in Russia. The scientific secretary of the committee, A. P. Bogdanov, sent from Berlin “six artificial nests invented by the famous G. C. Gloger.” What kind of artificial nests were invented? The "Report on Action" of the same Committee states: "He (Gloger) came up with the idea of ​​​​arranging artificial nests for these birds, something like our birdhouses." From these records it is clear that at this time birdhouses were not a novelty with us, and Gloger's nests were constructed similarly. What is the merit of a scientist? Firstly, that Gloger was the first to propose making nesting boxes of different sizes, designed not only for starlings, but also for other birds, and secondly, and this is the main thing, that it was proposed to attract birds primarily for economic purposes to protect plants from insects.

In 1898, Baron Hans von Berlepsch’s book “The General Protection of Birds” was published, which was translated into almost all European languages. On his estate “Zesbach” Berlepsh tested models of drilled bird nests of different sizes. The Scheide factory began mass production of these nesting boxes. The book was reprinted many times, its role in promoting birds and attracting them was enormous.

Types of birdhouses.

Over the entire history of birdhouses, people have created more than fifty types of birdhouses. These types of birdhouses vary depending on the design and placement. Thus, there are open and ground nesting boxes, ordinary and combined birdhouses, nest boxes (logs hollowed out from the inside), barrels (houses with convex walls), sheds (houses with stacked walls and hip roofs). In addition, they are often divided into groups according to the name of the residents: birdhouses, titmouses, flycatchers, wagtails and others. All these bird houses vary in size, area, depth and some features characteristic of a particular breed of bird. But all of them are artificial nesting sites for small birds, mainly nesting in hollows.

Design and placement of birdhouses.

The birdhouse is traditionally made in the form of a wooden house with a round or rectangular entrance. The height is usually 30-40 cm, the bottom size is about 14 cm, the diameter of the entrance is about 5 cm. The lid should be removable so that the nesting box can be checked, and also cleaned at the end of the nesting season - nesting material should be removed from the nesting box (starlings, tits and nuthatches can do this themselves, but some other birds cannot). Placed on a tree in the forest, park, on a balcony, wall or under the roof of a house.

Purpose of birdhouses.

Birdhouses and feeders can be installed for several purposes:

Attracting birds to observe their nesting for research purposes or just for fun;

Attracting birds to destroy agricultural pests;

Fostering a love of nature and work in children.

2.5. Interesting facts from the life of starlings.

Appearance. A short-tailed, shiny black bird about the size of blackbird, in autumn and winter with frequent white speckles. By spring, the light tips of the feathers wear off and the speckles disappear. Young birds are dark brown with a light throat. A typical running bird, unlike, for example, blackbirds that move by jumping. The flight is straight.

Habitat. Usually in open forests, steppes and populated areas.

Prefers open cultural landscapes with tree plantations, parks, and gardens.
Nutrition. It feeds on a variety of animal and plant foods and, at the end of the nesting period, gathers in large, dense flocks.
Nesting sites. It nests mainly near human dwellings, occupying birdhouses made and hung specifically for starlings, niches under balconies and roofs, etc. Less commonly, it settles in hollow trees near populated areas.

Nest location . The nest is located both singly and in small groups. When nesting in the forest, the starling usually occupies the hollows of the great spotted woodpecker, as well as other medium-sized woodpeckers.
Nest building material. The hollow is abundantly lined with soft stems of grass, sometimes straw and a large number of feathers of domestic and wild birds.
Features of masonry. The clutch contains from 5 to 8, more often 5-6, bright blue eggs without a pattern. Egg dimensions: (27-32) x (20-23) mm.
Nesting dates . Common starlings arrive early, usually in March, when thawed patches appear in the fields, and immediately occupy nesting sites. In April, eggs appear in the nests. Incubation lasts 13-15 days. The chicks are then fed in the nest for three weeks. Their flight occurs in the second half of May - the first half of June. In birds, a second clutch is sometimes observed.
After the chicks have fledged, starlings gather in flocks and soon (in July - August) leave the nesting area, moving south and southwest to places with plenty of food. Here they remain until the autumn departure for wintering grounds. And only small groups continue to stay in the breeding areas until autumn.

Departure takes place in September - October.
Spreading. Distributed from the western borders of Russia to Transbaikalia. Flies to the south of the Far East. In the north of the range, through agricultural areas it reaches the northern taiga.
Wintering. Winters mainly in North Africa, India, and Southern Europe. It is found in the Caucasus and here and there in large cities, and often flocks of starlings winter in the same squares and parks from year to year.

2.6. Starlings are protectors of gardens and vegetable gardens.

Economic importance . Despite some harmful activity in the fall (in vineyards and orchards), the starling is undoubtedly a very useful bird that should be protected and attracted in every possible way. It deserves this as a destroyer of various garden caterpillars and slugs, dipterous insects and their larvae (flies, gadflies, horse flies) that harm domestic animals, May beetles, and in steppe areas - various locusts. For this, he can be forgiven for attacks on cherries, grapes and other berries in the fall. Considering the benefits of starling in agriculture, it was introduced to North America, where it multiplied and spread greatly.

Practical work.

Materials

Not planed dry boards, preferably hardwood (birch, aspen, alder, etc.). You cannot use compressed wood (chipboard, fibreboard, etc.) as it is toxic and short-lived.

Nails 4-4.5 cm long

Gray or red odorless paint

Tools

Wood hacksaw

• Drill with feather bit

  Narrow chisel

  Pencil and ruler

Birdhouse dimensions

The boards must be at least 2 cm thick so that the walls retain heat well

Optimal internal size: square bottom 10-15 cm. Natural hollow 12x12 cm, so use these dimensions as a guide

Taphole diameter (hole) 4.5-5 cm

The distance from the tap hole to the bottom is 15-20 cm

The height of the birdhouse is 30-35 cm.

It is better to make the taphole cylindrical rather than rectangular

The design should not injure birds - make the roof removable to care for the birdhouse

The perch is not necessary, starlings do not need it

The inner walls must be unplaned - since it is very difficult to get out on a smooth surface. If the boards are smooth, then before assembling, apply horizontal notches on the front wall with a chisel.

It is better not to paint the birdhouse, the smell and bright color scare away birds, but if you really want to, then paint it with gray or red odorless paint

The top canopy must protrude at least 5 cm to protect the entrance from bad weather

2.8. Economic calculations.

2.9. Manufacturing stages.

We need to produce 7 parts of the following sizes:

from a board 20cm wide - parts 25-30cm long - 3 pieces (front and back walls and the top of the birdhouse lid)

from a board 15cm wide - parts 25-30cm long - 2 pieces (side walls of the birdhouse)

from a board 15cm wide - parts 15-16cm long - 2 pieces (bottom of the birdhouse and lower part of the lid).

The length of these parts = 20 cm - (2 x thickness of the boards).

1. Using a square and a pencil, measure the birdhouse part.

2. Then we saw off the part using a hacksaw.

Marking and sawing of parts must be done sequentially so that paired parts are the same size.

3. A hole should be drilled in the front wall - a tap hole with a diameter of 50 mm. The starling will enter its house through this hole.

To prevent the cat from reaching the nest with the chicks with its paw, the hole should be placed at a distance of 5 cm from the top edge.

4. In the front and back walls of the birdhouse, we drill holes with a diameter of 4 mm for self-tapping screws along the entire perimeter of the wall at a distance of 1 cm from the edge. 2-3 holes per side are enough.

Birdhouse assembly procedure:

1. Screw the front wall to the right side wall of the birdhouse.

2. Similarly, screw the back wall to the left side wall of the birdhouse.

3. We connect the resulting two parts with self-tapping screws to each other, making sure to try on the bottom of the birdhouse and the lower part of the lid.

4. Place it in its place and secure the bottom of the birdhouse to all four walls.

5. Connect the lower part of the birdhouse lid with the upper part. The center of the lower part should be offset from the center of the upper part by 5 cm to form a visor.

6. Insert the lid into the birdhouse body and secure it on the sides.

Since the birdhouse needs to be cleaned of old nests once every 2 years, it is enough to secure the lid with only two self-tapping screws.

3. Technological map.

ROUTING

No. Sequence of work Tools and devices

1. Pre-select a block of wood

(300x250 mm) Ruler

2. Hollow out the internal cavity Drill, chisels

3. Drill a hole for the tap hole with a diameter of 50 mm

4. Select a blank for the lid

(250x280 mm) Ruler, pencil

5. Processing the Sherhebel board, plane, sanding paper

6. Attaching the lid to the body of the birdhouse Glue

7. Cleaning the surface Sanding paper

8. Base.

Select a workpiece (250x240 mm) Ruler

9. Processing the board Template, pencil, sherhebel, plane, sanding paper

10. Sawing along the contour of a jigsaw

11. Cleaning edges Milling machine

12. Surface cleaning Sandpaper

13. Assembly and finishing of the product Glue, screws, varnish.

ROUTING

No. Sequence of work performed Tools and devices

1. Selection of lumber Tape measure, meter

2. Surface treatment Sherhebel, plane

3. Marking lumber Pencil, square, ruler, tape measure

4. Drilling a hole for the tap hole Bracer, feather, drill, chisels, semicircular rasp

5. Select blanks for the lid Ruler, pencil, tape measure

6. Bottom selection (240x240 mm) Tape measure, pencil, tape measure

7. Sawing out the front, back, side walls. Hack saw, ruler, pencil, tape measure

8. Assembling parts Pencil, ruler, screwdriver, screwdriver, screws (30x40)

9. Fastening the bottom and lid Self-tapping screws, screwdriver, screwdriver

10. Attaching the mounting rail to the rear wall Screwdriver, self-tapping screws

Cleaning edges and surfaces Sanding paper

H
birdhouse design

G

manufactured product

Municipal autonomous educational institution

"Secondary school No. 7" Kolpashev

Birdhouse

Technique: sawing

Type of work: creative project

Kolpashevo - 2017

Content:

Relevance. Justification of the problem……..……………….…...…….

Scheme of thinking………………………………………………………..

Gathering information on the topic. Analysis of prototypes……………………….….

Analysis of possible ideas…..……………………………………………………..………

Sketch development of the option…………. .…………………….…….….

Selection of product manufacturing technology……………………………………..

Selection of materials…..…………………………………...……………….

Economic assessment future product……………………………..

Description of product manufacturing……………….………………….....…

The final version of the product…………………………………….…

Aesthetic assessment………….……………………………...…..…....

Economic and environmental assessment of a floor lamp….……..………....…

Final evaluation of the project…………………………………….....…

Relevance. Justification of the problem

Caring for birds does not require high costs, but only desire. April 1 is International Bird Day.Today is the time to remember and revive International Bird Day as a bright, informal event, which should rightfully again include the traditions of our ancestors.

Since childhood, our parents instilled in us a love for birds; we made simple feeders that we hung in our garden plots. With the return, we began to independently produce more complex designs for various feeders. But I would like to show more global concern for birds.

Since at the beginning of the 5th grade we began to attend a class on the “Skillful Hands” technology and decided to make a Birdhouse there.

The starling is one of the most familiar songbirds for city dwellers. I would like to revive the tradition of making birdhouses and involve our classmates in this wonderful activity. If a starling doesn’t sing nearby in spring, then spring doesn’t seem like spring at all... So let’s make it spring!

Target:

To create favorable conditions for birds, by our example to instill in children a sense of responsibility for living things on earth, to develop sensitivity, kindness and cognitive interest in nature.

Tasks:

get acquainted with the history of birdhouses;

a) develop an economical manufacturing technology (from scrap materials);

b) develop technological documentation and manufacture according to the documentation .

Hypothesis:making the largest number of birdhouses for starlings, one of the ways to maintain the number of starlings in the city.

Scheme of deliberation

Before you start working on a project, you need to have a clear understanding of all the main aspects of your work.

Relevance

Collection

Information

Prototype analysis

Design documentation

Birdhouse

Tools and materials

economic

aesthetic

environmental

grade

Technology

manufacturing

Identifying key parameters and limitations

The future product must meet the following requirements:

1. Must be done carefully

2. must be durable

3. Must be suitable for the place of application

Gathering information on the topic. Prototype analysis.

Our ancestors always loved songbirds that built nests near their settlements; they considered these God's creatures to be good messengers. However, the custom of building houses for birds became established in our country only about three hundred years ago, at the beginning of the 17th century. It was then that the well-known “bird house” - the birdhouse - appeared in Russia. The birdhouse owes its origin to Europeans, namely in Western Europe the first birdhouses appeared. In the Russian state, like many other innovations, birdhouses appeared during the reign of Peter I the Great. The emperor's love for surprising, unfamiliar and unusual things is well known.
Having seen birdhouses during his trip to Europe, he introduced this tradition in his homeland.

Analysis of possible ideas .

Having examined and analyzed the types of birdhouses from different materials, we decided that our product would be made of wood.

We took as a basis only the requirements for such products.

Design specification .

Sketch development of the basic version.

When making a birdhouse, you need to take into account the following factors:

low cost

ease of operation

artistic expressiveness of the design

saving material

Selection of product manufacturing technology

The choice of manufacturing technology was not difficult for us. All operations that will need to be performed during the manufacturing process of the product are well known to us. We have already studied the technology of manual wood processing, so we can saw, cut, and perform decorative processing, and at a decent level.

Conclusion: it is necessary to perform only well-studied operations:

sawing out

pulling out

Working with a hand jigsaw

Grinding

Selection of materials.

Before starting to develop the design, we decided on the choice of material. The most technologically advanced, in our opinion, is cedar boards.

This dresin is popular building material. Used as a building thermal insulation material.It is very dense and durable, does not crumble, is relatively durable, and easy to process.For decorative finishing I will use a wood burner.

Economic assessment of the future product and its manufacturing technology

Having considered everything that was presented above, we can make a preliminary economic and environmental assessment of the future product and its manufacturing technology.

The cost of the birdhouse will not be very high, since a minimum amount of materials will be used for its production. The main costs will fall on the purchase of planks. IN advance paynemt We will set the cost at 250 rubles. The production of the birdhouse will take place in a room with natural light, so there will be no energy costs.

Total: The preliminary cost will be about 250 rubles.

Birdhouses are always made from natural, environmentally friendly materials. Birdhouses are placed in the branches of trees or bushes, where the birds will feel safe, and at the same time you will see this original decoration and be able to observe the life of your feathered friends.

Technical data sheet for manufacturing

The final version of the product.

As a result of the work, we got the product shown in the photograph. (See Appendix) The birdhouse performs all its functions.

Aesthetic evaluation

We believe that our product will be useful because the main advantages of this product are protection from predators and adverse weather conditions.

Economic and assessment of birdhouse (1 copy).

Material costs

Appendix 2

Annex 1

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State budgetary educational institution of the Samara region

secondary school No. 1 urban settlement Sukhodol

Sergievsky municipal district, Samara region

Social project

Birdhouse

student of 6th grade

Teacher: Moiseeva O.N.

Sukhodol, 2015

Introduction

1. Justification for choosing the project topic.

2 Birds of my village

2.1 Research and development of ideas.

2.2 Technical specifications.

2.3 Information about the birdhouse.

3. Technological section

3.1 Description and drawing of the birdhouse.

3.2 Drawing of a birdhouse.

3.3 Technological sequence of making a birdhouse.

3.4 Safety precautions when working with hand carpentry tools and power tools

4 Research section

4.1 Ecological study.

4.2 Economic analysis of manufacturing birdhouse

5. Conclusion

Get to know yourself - it's interesting!

Create yourself - it's necessary!

Confirm yourself - it is possible!

Show yourself - it's real!

Abstract of the project.

This development contains a description of the work on the project “Birdhouses near my school” and a presentation. 6th grade students took part in the project. Creative activity over the project - this is a festival of birds. Nature excursions and bird watching. Practical activities– construction of birdhouses. The result of the project is birdhouses as a gift to the school.

Caring for birds does not require large expenses, but only the desire of the children, their parents and teachers. April 1 is International Bird Day. Today is the time to remember and revive International Bird Day as a bright, informal event, which should rightfully again include the traditions of our ancestors.

6th grade students decided to take care of their feathered friends and actively prepare to meet them. The boys and their parents made a birdhouse. The starling is one of the most familiar songbirds for city dwellers. Let's revive the tradition of making birdhouses at school and at home, hanging them for everyone. If a starling doesn’t sing nearby in spring, then spring doesn’t seem like spring at all... So let’s make it spring!

To create favorable conditions for birds, to instill in children a sense of responsibility for living things on earth, to develop students’ sensitivity, kindness and cognitive interest in nature.

Introduction

Wood is one of the most common materials that man learned to process in ancient times. With the help of an ax, knife and other tools, people made houses, bridges, windmills, fortifications, tools, dishes and much more.

These days we are surrounded by a large number of wood products: furniture, musical instruments, children's toys, etc.

I consulted with my dad about what I could make with my own hands from wood. He suggested making a cozy, beautiful and neat house for birds. Birds really need houses. They will settle in new apartments, hatch chicks and feed them pests from our garden. And the guys and I will watch them and rejoice that we did something good for the birds.

Target : Help birds arrange their nests in the spring. Contribute to the conservation and survival of birds.To draw the attention of school students and parents to the problem of the lack of bird houses for starlings in the village of Sukhodol.

Tasks:

Collect and study diagrams and drawings for building birdhouses.

Find out the number of birdhouses in the village of Sukhodol

Find out from labor teacher Tereshin S.M. about the technology of making a birdhouse.

Conduct daily observations of the settlement of birds in manufactured birdhouses.

Relevance

Spring will come, and starlings will soon fly to our region. Students at our school take care of their feathered friends and are actively preparing to meet them. The students, together with their parents, made birdhouses. The starling is one of the most familiar songbirds. Let's revive the tradition of making birdhouses at school and at home, hanging them for everyone. If a starling does not sing nearby in the spring, then spring does not seem to be quite spring.The problem of nature conservation has always been and remains relevant. We believe that helping to solve this problem is a concern not only for adults, but also for us, children.

Expected results

The attitude of children and adults to the problem of attracting birds in their native village will change.

The number of birdhouses in the village of Sukhodol will increase

Dates: April-May.

1. Justification for choosing the project topic

The life of people is inextricably linked with the life of birds. People have always been interested in birds. At least once in his life, a person would like to fly high above the earth and look at the world from a bird's eye view. The singing of birds has always fascinated people. They are orderlies of forests, gardens, fields, destroying harmful insects, and eat weed seeds. This is why it is necessary towalk the birds, help them in life.

Research and development of ideas

Necessary materials and tools for making a birdhouse. To get the right product, we initially started looking required material in the Internet. We were interested in the structure of the birdhouse, its aesthetic design, types of houses for different birds. We learned so many interesting things! We are still in 5th grade, and it is very difficult for us alone to complete such a difficult task. Then we called our older comrades to help and began to work with them. The guys advised us to stick to a simple version of making a birdhouse for now. To make the craft, we asked dad for boards and screws, prepared a screwdriver, a hacksaw and a measuring tape.

Materials

not planed dry boards, preferably hardwood (birch, aspen, alder, etc.). You cannot use compressed wood (chipboard, fibreboard, etc.), it is toxic and short-lived.

nails 4-4.5 cm long or screws.

Tools

wood hacksaw;

hammer;

drill with a feather drill;

narrow chisel;

pencil and ruler;

Birdhouse dimensions

the boards must be at least 2 cm thick so that the walls retain heat well;

optimal internal size: square bottom 10-15 cm.

taphole (hole) diameter 4.5-5 cm;

the distance from the taphole to the bottom is 15-20 cm;

birdhouse height 30-35 cm;

the top canopy must protrude at least 5 cm to protect the entrance from bad weather.

Where and how to hang

You can hang it on a tree, pole, or wall at a height of 3 m with a slight tilt forward so that rain does not flow into the entrance and it is easier for the birds to get out. You can hang birdhouses throughout the year, but best time end of March beginning of April. The entrance should be facing south, east, or southeast tothe wind did not blow into the birdhouse. We've seen birdhouses in pictures, in textbooks, and on neighbors' trees. From this we concluded that the birdhouse should be spacious, bright and cozy for the residents. The finished birdhouse will need to be hung on a tree, but not nailed to the trunk, but attached without nails, so as not to harm the tree.

What to feed starlings

Starlings are omnivores. They feed on both plant and animal foods. Usually starlings arrive when the snow melts. At this time, they hunt for earthworms that climb to the surface of the earth, and look for insect larvae that have overwintered in secluded places.

If you want to attract starlings to your house while there is still not much food in the spring, or if cold weather has returned to your area after the arrival of starlings and snow has fallen, then you can set up a feeder a few meters from the birdhouse. Although starlings primarily feed on animal foods, they will not refuse available plant food. Starlings can eat grain, various seeds (seeds), a variety of berries and fruits of other plants (for example, apples, pears)

How to care

Description of the birdhouse

A birdhouse can be made from various types of wood, rectangular in shape, with an inclined lid, a round entrance, or a wooden perch. The birdhouse will be attached with nails and wire to the tree trunk.

Product drawing

Economic calculation of material costs for a product

Let's determine the cost of the materials needed to make a birdhouse.

The cost of wood is 50 rubles.

The cost of nails or screws is 20 rubles.

Energy costs

Total: cost of wood + cost of nails or screws - 50 + 20 = 70 rubles

Conclusion

Our birdhouse turned out to be quite spacious and comfortable. We hung it on the east side. We really enjoyed working with wood. Next year we decided to try to make a decorative birdhouse and see which house the starlings would like more, a simple one with decorations or a decorative one.

Having made a birdhouse with my own hands, I learned:

What types of wood are there?

How to make a birdhouse

How to hang bird houses correctly

What to feed the birds.

Let's instill in children a love for animals and teach them to take care of nature! Hanging houses - birdhouses - near homes is an old folk tradition. Seeing a starling means spring is on the porch! Let's revive good traditions. Woodworking brings joy, gives skill, makes our life more beautiful and richer.

Bibliography

1. Buzkinov M., Potapov G., -The art of wood carving. -M.: Antikva, 2010.

2. Glikin M.S. Decorative woodworking on machines. M.: Iskona, 2012.

4. Leontyev D.P. Do it yourself. – M.: Education, 1985.

5. Logacheva L.A. Basics of wood carving skills. M.: Folk Art, 2012.