If you are the happy owner of a summer house or a private house with a small plot, then you can set up a bathhouse in an old barn. It will give the whole family good health and wonderful relaxation after a difficult working day. Also, if the need and desire arise, you can make good money by installing hourly pay and let neighbors, acquaintances and other people steam there.

We will equip an old barn, which we do not use, with a concrete floor as a steam room. The barn can be built from wood, brick, foam block or shell.

Are planning

We will allocate a considerable area of ​​the barn for the steam room, approximately 6 square meters. m, this will be a small steam room; when calculating, take into account that there should be at least 2 sq. m per visitor. m. If you have a small family, then 6 sq. m will be enough for you, but if you plan to make money in the future using a steam room, then the area will accordingly be needed more.

Don’t forget to plan in advance the location and number of shelves, and determine the most advantageous place for it. The convenience of staying in your bathhouse from an old barn, which you will make with your own hands, depends on the layout.

It is worth laying structural tiles on a concrete floor in a barn; the surface of such tiles is a little rough, as if a little abrasive. And it is almost impossible to slip on such tiles. It is also worth making grates from boards, which we will lay on top of the tiles for comfortable movement around the bathhouse, because wood does not heat up as much as tiles and will not burn your feet when walking.

Be sure to weigh the pros and cons and decide whether to install a water drain in the floor. If you want to take a steam bath with a park, then your DIY barn sauna will need to be thoroughly wiped with a dry cloth and ventilated.

Steam room materials

We construct the frame of our bathhouse from beams, it is not a complicated work at all, and then it is difficult to attach the frame to the floor. But this can be done with a little effort. We will carry out fastening by drilling aligned holes in the floor and beams, into which we will insert long screws, and do not forget to lay waterproofing between the floor and beams.

It is very important to install steam and waterproofing boards on the walls, which should be sheathed with boards. For these works, it is better to use aspen boards, having previously made grooves along the boards, which will serve for better adhesion of the boards to each other.

When driving nails, you should drive them as deep as possible into the wood, because the temperature in the steam room is high, and you can get burned by touching the hot head of an iron nail.

Ceiling

We install the ceiling in the bathhouse from the barn with our own hands from the boards with which the walls are covered. But to do this, we saw them in half, and we get 2, 3 cm each. We attach them directly to the frame of the bathhouse.

Shelves for lying

It is worth making wide ones, their width should be approximately 70 cm. It is worth treating the surface of each bed very well so as not to get injured and not to drive splinters into the skin.

Furnace and ventilation installation

The stove should be placed near the door, on refractory bricks. We also lay the brick in the space between the stove and the wall, and take the pipe outside. Take care to enclose the stove with wooden structures and avoid getting burned.

Minimizing heat loss through doors

In order for as little heat as possible to be lost through the doors, we make it narrow, 50-60 cm, and attach a rubber seal to it. Door handles should be made of wood.

We provide electricity to the bathhouse

To illuminate your bath you will need a special double-insulated lamp that is resistant to high temperatures. The switch should not be ordinary, but moisture-resistant, it should be located at the entrance to the steam room, as required by fire safety rules.

The wiring should be deepened into the walls so that the cable does not interfere, and then the bathhouse will look better and neater.

Additions:

• all boards used for lining the bathhouse must be made from deciduous trees;
• do not skimp on wiring materials, cables, lamps, switches and sockets. Buy high-quality and moisture-resistant ones, because the life and health of your family and guests who will visit your steam room depend on it;
• lamps must be made of heat-resistant glass, since the temperature in the bathhouse sometimes rises above 100 °C;
• Many people like to plunge into a cool pool after a hot bathhouse. But if you can’t afford such luxury, build a small pond in the yard, or place containers with cool water, for example, barrels, into which you can happily plunge after warm and pleasant bath procedures.

And in winter period Water treatments can be replaced with snow rubdown:

• Be sure to ensure that the water in the barrels, pool or pond does not stagnate. Disinfect containers with water. Especially if other people are bothering you;
• Over time, you will be able to expand the bathhouse, add a relaxation room, and use it to earn money. After all, this good idea for business.

conclusions

Now you know how to make a bathhouse from a barn with your own hands, it is not such a difficult task. By taking a steam bath, you get a lot of positive emotions, while seriously improving your health.

Yes, building a bathhouse is quite a labor-intensive process, and if you complete the job you started, you and your family will be happy, and if you approach this business with creativity, use your ingenuity and imagination, you can make good money.

What could be more beautiful than a bath? Bathhouse with utility room and toilet! Such additions bring the building intended for recreational recreation to new level, adding many useful features.

Such a project of a bathhouse with a utility block can be implemented by adding a small building and the necessary communications to an already finished building, or by adding an additional room to the layout initially, building everything on a single foundation.

General provisions

A bathhouse combined with a utility room has a much larger number of requirements that must be met in order to successful implementation planned.

These include:

• The presence of comfortable unobstructed entrances and exits, both inside and outside the building.

Tip: provide separate entrances for the bathhouse and utility block.
This will allow you to use them separately, which is more convenient.

• Connecting a water supply or water pumping station for independent water supply. The water tank of the steam room is not enough to fulfill all household needs.
• Heat exchange networks. Heating will be necessary to be able to use the premises in winter.
• Common roof. In order to prevent water formations and control runoff, a common roof structure should be made for the entire building.

• Safe conditions for simultaneous use of all premises. This primarily concerns fire safety due to the use of a stove in a steam room.
• Separate.

If all of the above can be reproduced, the following advantages will be obtained:

Advantages

• Possibility to prepare food. An indispensable addition to a dacha without a residential building and the ability to unload the main kitchen if there is one.
• Built-in toilet. Which is incredibly important when using a bathhouse in winter, especially with children.

• Full conditions for receiving guests. Thanks to the presence of a utility block, the recreation room can be used as a living room.

Bathhouse with utility block or utility block with bathhouse

This difference seems insignificant at first glance, but it is not:

• A utility block with a bathhouse is acceptable for use on a summer cottage without other buildings and in the event that you arrive without an overnight stay.

• It is recommended to carry out bathhouse projects with a utility block in the private sector with a residential building. This will allow you to transfer some of your daily activities and things there, which, in turn, will free up a lot of space in the house for other needs.

Self-construction or ready-made project

Freestanding buildings without a plan always have many disadvantages. In this case, this is fraught not only with a violation of the aesthetic beauty and geometry of the building, but also with violations of fire safety rules.

Therefore, it doesn’t matter whether you are going to do everything yourself or hire professionals, it is recommended to use a ready-made project.

Then you will be:

• confidence in the reliability of the structure;
• the ability to calculate costs;
• a graphical representation of what you are building;
• work progress instructions.

Example

Designs of a bathhouse with a utility block come in a wide variety.

They are distinguished from each other:

• dimensions;
• price;
• complexity;
• number of rooms and much more.

For a general understanding, let's look at one of them.

The area of ​​the entire building is 4 m by 8 m.

Includes:

• The foundation is columnar made of concrete blocks with a height of 40 cm and a section of 20 cm by 20 cm. Quantity - 15 pieces.
• For external walls and internal partitions, profiled timber with a section of 14 cm by 9 cm is used.
• Ceilings are 2 m high.
• The rough base is made of unsanded boards 2.5 cm thick.
• The vapor barrier is formed by a membrane film.
• The finishing base is made of tongue-and-groove boards 3.6 cm thick.
• The interior decoration of the steam room is made of aspen.

• Inside the steam room there are two-tier shelves also made of aspen.
• The gable roof is covered with ondulin.
• The windows are made of wood and double glass in the shower and toilet measuring 40 cm by 40 cm, and in the utility room and guest room - 80 cm by 80 cm.
• Three frame doors 1.8 m high and 0.8 m wide.
• B made of wood measuring 1.9 m by 0.6 m.
• Brick stove with a water tank in the steam room.

Advice: if you plan to use the room as a sauna, then you need to move the tank into the next room, because the sauna involves the use of a dry steam room.

• Stainless steel chimney pipe.

Conclusion

The presence of a utility block in the bathhouse adds many useful features, which include preparing food and receiving guests, which allows you to transfer some of the functions of a residential building there.

It should be taken into account that the economic block also requires additional measures for arrangement: independent water supply, sewerage, Fire safety and so on.

A huge range of projects for such buildings will help you choose best option for your site.

The video in this article will introduce you to additional information on this material.

Good luck with your construction work!

Biogas yield and methane content

Exit biogas usually calculated in liters or cubic meters per kilogram of dry matter contained in manure. The table shows the biogas yield per kilogram of dry matter for different types raw materials after 10-20 days of fermentation at mesophilic temperature.

To determine the biogas yield from fresh raw materials using a table, you first need to determine the moisture content of fresh raw materials. To do this, you can take a kilogram of fresh manure, dry it and weigh the dry residue. The percentage moisture content of manure can be calculated using the formula: (1 - weight of dried manure)x100%.

Biogas yield and methane content when used different types raw materials

You can calculate how much fresh manure with a certain moisture content will correspond to 1 kg of dry matter as follows: subtract the percentage moisture content of the manure from 100, and then divide 100 by this value:

100: (100% - humidity in %).

If the weight of daily fresh manure is known, then the daily biogas yield will be approximately as follows:

1 ton of cattle manure - 40-50 m 3 of biogas;
1 ton of pig manure - 70-80 m 3 of biogas;
1 ton of bird droppings - 60 -70 m 3 of biogas. It must be remembered that approximate values ​​are given for finished raw materials with a moisture content of 85% - 92%.

Biogas weight

The volumetric weight of biogas is 1.2 kg per 1 m 3, therefore, when calculating the amount of fertilizers obtained, it is necessary to subtract it from the amount of processed raw materials.

For an average daily load of 55 kg of raw materials and a daily biogas output of 2.2 - 2.7 m 3 per head of cattle, the mass of raw materials will decrease by 4 - 5% during its processing in a biogas plant.

Optimization of the biogas production process

Acid-forming and methane-forming bacteria are found everywhere in nature, particularly in animal excrement. The digestive system of cattle contains a full range of microorganisms necessary for the fermentation of manure. Therefore, cattle manure is often used as a raw material loaded into a new reactor. To start the fermentation process, it is enough to provide the following conditions:

Maintaining anaerobic conditions in the reactor

The vital activity of methane-producing bacteria is possible only in the absence of oxygen in the reactor of a biogas plant, therefore it is necessary to ensure that the reactor is sealed and that oxygen does not enter the reactor.

Temperature compliance

Maintaining optimal temperature is one of the most important factors in the fermentation process. IN natural conditions education biogas occurs at temperatures from 0°C to 97°C, but taking into account the optimization of the process of processing organic waste to produce biogas and biofertilizers, three temperature regimes are distinguished:

Psychophilic temperature regime is determined by temperatures up to 20 - 25 ° C,
mesophilic temperature regime is determined by temperatures from 25°C to 40°C and
The thermophilic temperature regime is determined by temperatures above 40°C.

The extent of bacteriological methane production increases with increasing temperature. But, since the amount of free ammonia also increases with temperature, the fermentation process may slow down. Biogas plants without reactor heating, exhibit satisfactory performance only when the annual average temperature is about 20°C or higher or when the average daily temperature reaches at least 18°C. At average temperatures of 20-28°C, gas production increases disproportionately. If the temperature of the biomass is less than 15°C, the gas output will be so low that a biogas plant without thermal insulation and heating ceases to be economically profitable.

Information regarding the optimal temperature regime is different for different types of raw materials. For biogas plants operating on mixed manure of cattle, pigs and poultry, the optimal temperature for the mesophilic temperature regime is 34 - 37°C, and for the thermophilic one 52 - 54°C. Psychophilic temperature conditions are observed in unheated installations in which there is no temperature control. The most intense release of biogas in psychophilic mode occurs at 23°C.

The biomethanation process is very sensitive to temperature changes. The degree of this sensitivity, in turn, depends on the temperature range in which the raw materials are processed. During the fermentation process, temperature changes within the limits of:

In practice, two temperature regimes are more common: thermophilic and mesophilic. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the thermophilic fermentation process are an increased rate of decomposition of raw materials, and therefore a higher yield of biogas, as well as the almost complete destruction of pathogenic bacteria contained in the raw materials. Disadvantages of thermophilic degradation include; a large amount of energy required to heat the raw materials in the reactor, the sensitivity of the fermentation process to minimal temperature changes and a slightly lower quality of the resulting biofertilizers.

With the mesophilic fermentation mode, the high amino acid composition of biofertilizers is preserved, but the disinfection of raw materials is not as complete as with the thermophilic mode.

Nutrient Availability

For the growth and functioning of methane bacteria (with the help of which biogas is produced), the presence of organic and mineral nutrients in the raw materials is necessary. In addition to carbon and hydrogen, the creation of biofertilizers requires sufficient amounts of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium and some trace elements - iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, cobalt, selenium, tungsten, nickel and others. Common organic raw materials - animal manure - contain sufficient amounts of the above-mentioned elements.

Fermentation time

The optimal fermentation time depends on the reactor loading dose and the temperature of the fermentation process. If the fermentation time is chosen too short, then when unloading the fermented biomass, bacteria are washed out of the reactor faster than they can multiply, and the fermentation process practically stops. Keeping raw materials in the reactor for too long does not meet the objectives of obtaining the largest number biogas and biofertilizers over a certain period of time.

When determining the optimal duration of fermentation, the term “reactor turnaround time” is used. Reactor turnaround time is the time during which fresh feedstock loaded into the reactor is processed and discharged from the reactor.

For systems with continuous loading, the average fermentation time is determined by the ratio of the reactor volume to the daily volume of feedstock. In practice, the reactor turnover time is selected depending on the fermentation temperature and the composition of the raw material in the following intervals:

Psychophilic temperature range: from 30 to 40 or more days;
mesophilic temperature regime: from 10 to 20 days;
thermophilic temperature regime: from 5 to 10 days.

The daily dose of raw material loading is determined by the reactor turnover time and increases (as does the biogas yield) with increasing temperature in the reactor. If the reactor turnaround time is 10 days: then the daily share of loading will be 1/10 of the total volume of loaded raw materials. If the reactor turnaround time is 20 days, then the daily loading fraction will be 1/20 of the total volume of loaded raw materials. For installations operating in thermophilic mode, the loading share can be up to 1/5 of the total reactor loading volume.

The choice of fermentation time also depends on the type of raw material being processed. For the following types of raw materials processed under mesophilic temperature conditions, the time during which the largest part of the biogas is released is approximately:

Liquid cattle manure: 10 -15 days;

Acid-base balance

Methane-producing bacteria are best suited to live in neutral or slightly alkaline conditions. In the methane fermentation process, the second stage of biogas production is the active phase of acid bacteria. At this time, the pH level decreases, that is, the environment becomes more acidic.

However, during the normal course of the process, life activity different groups bacteria in the reactor passes equally efficiently and acids are processed by methane bacteria. The optimal pH value varies depending on the raw material from 6.5 to 8.5.

You can measure the level of acid-base balance using litmus paper. The acid-base balance values ​​will correspond to the color acquired by the paper when it is immersed in fermentable raw materials.

Carbon and nitrogen content

One of the most important factors influencing methane fermentation (biogas release) is the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the processed raw materials. If the C/N ratio is excessively high, then the lack of nitrogen will act as a limiting factor for the methane fermentation process. If this ratio is too low, such a large amount of ammonia is formed that it becomes toxic to bacteria.

Microorganisms require both nitrogen and carbon for assimilation into their cellular structure. Various experiments have shown that the biogas yield is greatest at a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 10 to 20, where the optimum varies depending on the type of raw material. To achieve high biogas production, mixing of raw materials is practiced to achieve an optimal C/N ratio.

Selection of raw material moisture content

Unimpeded metabolism in raw materials is a prerequisite for high bacterial activity. This is only possible if the viscosity of the raw material allows the free movement of bacteria and gas bubbles between the liquid and the solids it contains. Agricultural waste contains various solid particles.

Solid particles, such as sand, clay, etc., cause sediment to form. Lighter materials rise to the surface of the raw material and form a crust. This leads to a decrease in biogas production. Therefore, it is recommended to thoroughly chop plant residues - straw, etc. - before loading into the reactor, and strive for the absence of solids in the raw materials.

Amount and moisture content of manure and excrement per animal

The humidity of the raw materials loaded into the reactor of the installation must be at least 85% in winter and 92% in summer. To achieve the correct moisture content of the raw material, manure is usually diluted with hot water in an amount determined by the formula: OB = Hx((B 2 - B 1): (100 - B 2)), where H is the amount of manure loaded. B 1 is the initial moisture content of the manure, B 2 is the required moisture content of the raw materials, OB is the amount of water in liters. The table shows the required amount of water to dilute 100 kg of manure to 85% and 92% humidity.

Amount of water to achieve the required moisture content per 100 kg of manure

Regular stirring

For efficient work biogas plant and maintaining the stability of the fermentation process of raw materials inside the reactor requires periodic mixing. The main purposes of mixing are:

Release of produced biogas;
mixing of fresh substrate and bacterial population (inoculation):
preventing the formation of crust and sediment;
preventing areas of different temperatures inside the reactor;
ensuring uniform distribution of the bacterial population:
preventing the formation of voids and accumulations that reduce the effective area of ​​the reactor.

When choosing a suitable mixing method and method, it must be taken into account that the fermentation process is a symbiosis between different strains of bacteria, that is, bacteria of one species can feed another species. When the community breaks down, the fermentation process will be unproductive until a new community of bacteria is formed. Therefore, too frequent or prolonged and intense stirring is harmful. It is recommended to slowly stir the raw materials every 4-6 hours.

Process inhibitors

The fermented organic mass should not contain substances (antibiotics, solvents, etc.) that negatively affect the vital activity of microorganisms; they slow down and sometimes even stop the process of biogas release. Some inorganic substances also do not contribute to the “work” of microorganisms, so you cannot, for example, use water remaining after washing clothes with synthetic detergents to dilute manure.

Each of the different types of bacteria involved in the three stages of methane formation is affected differently by these parameters. There is also a close interdependence between the parameters (for example, the timing of fermentation depends on the temperature), so it is difficult to determine the exact influence of each factor on the amount of biogas produced.

Producing biogas at home will allow you to save on household gas consumption and obtain fertilizer from weeds. This instructional article shows how a common person can be done with simple steps effective system extracting biogas from weeds with your own hands.

This simple step by step instructions suggested by Indian Antoni Raj. He experimented for a long time with producing energy from the anaerobic digestion of weeds. And this is what came out of it.

Step 1: Select a container for the biogenerator.

First, fill the biogenerator with chopped weeds. At the same time, we will collect information on the amounts of biogas released as a result of fermentation and the amount of energy.
You can read about the biogenerator itself Anthony.

Step 2: Collecting Weeds

For owners of large farms There is an urgent issue in the form of manure, bird droppings, and animal remains. To solve the problem, you can use special installations designed to produce biogas. They are easy to make at home and can be used for a long period with a high yield of a ready-to-use product.

What is biogas?

Biogas is a substance obtained from natural raw materials in the form of biomass (manure, bird droppings) due to its fermentation. Various bacteria are involved in this process, each of which feeds on the waste products of the previous ones. The following microorganisms are identified that take an active part in the biogas production process:

• hydrolytic;
• acid-forming;
• methane-forming.

The technology for producing biogas from finished biomass involves stimulating natural processes. Bacteria in manure should be provided with optimal conditions for rapid reproduction and efficient processing of substances. To do this, biological raw materials are placed in a tank sealed from oxygen.

After this, a group of anaerobic microbes comes into action. They allow the conversion of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen-containing compounds into pure forms. As a result of processing, not only biogas is formed, but also quality approvals. They are ideal for agricultural needs and are more efficient than traditional manure.

Environmental value of biogas production

Thanks to the efficient processing of biological waste, valuable fuel is obtained. Establishing this process helps prevent methane emissions into the atmosphere, which have a negative impact on the environment. This compound stimulates the greenhouse effect 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide. Methane can persist in the atmosphere for 12 years.

To prevent global warming, which is a global problem, it is necessary to limit the entry and distribution of this substance into the environment. The resulting waste from the recycling process is a high quality endorsement. Its use makes it possible to reduce the volume of chemical compounds used. Synthetically produced fertilizers pollute groundwater and negatively affect environment.

What affects the productivity of the production process?

At proper organization production process for biogas production, from 1 cubic. m of organic raw materials yield about 2-3 cubic meters. m of pure product. Its effectiveness is influenced by many factors:

• ambient temperature;
• acidity level of organic raw materials;
• environmental humidity;
• the amount of phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon in the initial biological mass;
• particle size of manure or droppings;
• the presence of substances that slow down the processing process;
• inclusion of stimulating additives in the biomass;
• substrate supply frequency.

List of raw materials used for biogas production

Biogas can be produced not only from manure or bird droppings. Other raw materials can be used to produce environmentally friendly fuel:

• grain stillage;
• juice waste;
• beet pulp;
• waste from fish or meat production;
• spent grain;
• waste from dairies;
• fecal sludge;
• household waste of organic origin;
• waste from the production of biodiesel from rapeseed.

Composition of biological gas

The composition of biogas after passing through is as follows:

• 50-87% methane;
• 13-50% carbon dioxide;
• impurities of hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide.

After purifying the product from impurities, biomethane is obtained. It is an analogue, but has a different nature of origin. To improve the quality of the fuel, the content of methane in its composition, which is the main source of energy, is normalized.

When calculating the volume of gases produced, the ambient temperature is taken into account. When it increases, the yield of the product increases and its calorie content decreases. The characteristics of biogas are negatively affected by increased air humidity.

Scope of biogas application

Biogas production plays a significant role not only in preserving the environment, but also provides National economy fuel. It is characterized by a wide range of applications:

• used as a raw material for the production of electricity, automobile fuel;
• to meet the energy needs of small or medium-sized enterprises;
• Biogas plants play the role of treatment facilities, which makes it possible to solve.

Biogas production technology

To produce biogas, actions should be taken to speed up the process of natural breakdown of organic matter. Before being placed in a sealed container with limited oxygen supply, natural raw materials are thoroughly crushed and mixed with a certain amount water.

As a result, the original substrate is obtained. The presence of water in its composition is necessary to prevent negative effects on bacteria that can occur when substances enter from the environment. Without the liquid component, the fermentation process slows down significantly and reduces the efficiency of the entire bioinstallation.

Industrial-type equipment for processing organic raw materials is additionally equipped with:

• a device for heating the substrate;
• equipment for mixing raw materials;
• devices for monitoring the acidity of the environment.

These devices significantly increase the efficiency of bioreactors. Stirring removes the hard crust from the surface of the biomass, which increases the amount of gas released. The duration of processing of organic mass is about 15 days. During this time, it decomposes only by 25%. Maximum amount natural gas released when the degree of substrate breakdown reaches 33%.

The technology for producing biological gas involves daily renewal of the substrate. To do this, 5% of the mass is removed from the bioreactor, and a new portion of raw materials is placed in its place. The spent product is used as an endorsement.

Biogas production technology at home

Biogas production at home occurs according to the following scheme:

1. The biological mass is crushed. It is necessary to obtain particles whose size does not exceed 10 mm.
2. The resulting mass is thoroughly mixed with water. For 1 kg of raw materials you need approximately 700 ml of liquid component. The water used must be potable and free of impurities.
3. The entire tank is filled with the resulting substrate, after which it is hermetically sealed.
4. It is advisable to thoroughly mix the substrate several times a day, which will increase the efficiency of its processing.
5. On the 5th day of the production process, the presence of biogas is checked and it is gradually pumped into prepared cylinders using a compressor. Periodic removal of gaseous products is mandatory. Their accumulation leads to an increase in pressure inside the tank, which negatively affects the process of breakdown of biological mass.
6. On the 15th day of production, part of the substrate is removed and a fresh portion of biological material is loaded.

To determine the required volume of the reactor for processing biomass, the amount of manure produced during the day should be calculated. The type of raw materials used and the temperature conditions that will be maintained in the installation must be taken into account. The tank used should be filled to 85-90% of its volume. The remaining 10% is necessary for the accumulation of the resulting biological gas.

The duration of the processing cycle must be taken into account. When maintaining a temperature of +35°C, it is 12 days. We must not forget that the raw materials used are diluted with water before being sent to the reactor. Therefore, its quantity is taken into account before calculating the volume of the tank.

Diagram of a simple biological installation

To produce biogas at home, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for microorganisms that will break down biological mass. First of all, it is advisable to organize heating of the generator, which will entail additional costs.

• The volume of the container for storing waste must be at least 1 cubic meter. m;
• it is necessary to use a hermetically sealed container;
• insulation of a biomass tank – required condition its effective operation;
• the tank can be deepened into the ground. Thermal insulation is installed only in its upper part;
• A hand mixer is installed in the container. Its handle is brought out through a sealed unit;
• nozzles are provided for loading/unloading raw materials and biogas intake.

Underground reactor manufacturing technology

To produce biogas, you can install the simplest installation, deepening it into the ground. The manufacturing technology of such a tank is as follows:

1. Digging a pit the right size. Its walls are filled with expanded clay concrete, which is additionally reinforced.
2. Holes are left on the opposite walls of the bunker. They install pipes with a certain slope in order to pump raw materials and extract waste material.
3. An outlet pipeline with a diameter of 70 mm is installed almost near the very bottom. Its other end is installed in a tank into which waste sludge will be pumped out. It is recommended to make it rectangular.
4. The pipeline for supplying raw materials is placed at a height of 0.5 m relative to the bottom. Its recommended diameter is 30-35 mm. The top of the pipe is placed into a separate tank to receive prepared raw materials.
5. The upper part of the bioreactor should have a dome or cone shape. It can be made from ordinary roofing iron or other metal sheets. It is allowed to make a tank lid using a brick tub. To strengthen its structure, the surface is additionally plastered with the installation of reinforcing mesh.
6. I make a hatch on top of the tank lid, which should be hermetically closed. A gas outlet pipeline is also routed through it. Additionally, a pressure relief valve is installed.
7. To mix the substrate, several plastic pipes are installed in the tank. They must be immersed in biomass. Many holes are made in the pipes, which allows the raw materials to be mixed using moving gas bubbles.

Biogas yield calculation

The yield of biological gas depends on the content of dry matter in the raw material and its type:

• from 1 ton of cattle manure, 50-60 cubic meters are obtained. m of product with a methane content of 60%;
• from 1 ton of plant waste, 200-500 cubic meters are obtained. m of biogas with a methane concentration of 70%;
• from 1 ton of fat 1300 cubic meters are obtained. m of gas with a methane concentration of 87%.

To determine production efficiency, laboratory tests are carried out on the raw materials used. Its composition is calculated, which affects the quality characteristics of biogas.