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Broadband Internet connection

Setting up a PPPoE connection in Windows 7

The point-to-point protocol over Ethernet is used to create temporary, dynamic broadband connections. If your Internet connection's IP address is dynamic, this means that your ISP assigns you a new IP address each time you connect. The PPPoE protocol facilitates this connection by sending your username and password. Again, only do this if you don't have a router that can do this.

Never use software provided by your ISP to connect via PPPoE. Instead, use the procedure described here.

To set up a PPPoE connection, open the Network and Sharing Center window and click the Setup a connection or network link link below the existing connections. Select Connect to the Internet and click the Next button. Select the Broadband PPPoE option, enter your ISP-provided username and password, and enable the Remember this password option. Enter a name for the connection (any name you like) and click the Connect button.

Later, you can connect using the Connect to a network pop-up window or modify this connection in the Network Connections window.

As statistics show, all the largest domestic telecom operators today are concerned about the modernization of old and the construction of new broadband access networks. In most cases, this is the laying of fiber to the building or to the client's door using GPON technology. What are the pros and cons of such networks, how much money does the business invest in them and what wins?

The active growth of the market for broadband access services (BBA) and mobile data traffic is directly related to the ever-increasing number of user devices with Internet access. Given this trend and the rapid growth in user demand, operators are trying to meet the growing demand as much as possible by improving the quality of communication and speed of connections. According to Ericsson, today about 75% of HSPA networks provide peak data transfer rates of up to 7.2 Mbps or more, and about 40% have reached 21 Mbps.

Russia does not stand aside either. In 2011, the number of mobile connections in Russia increased to 227.6 million. Today, there are more than 14 million mobile broadband users in Russia, of which 49% are owners of USB modems. At the same time, 86% of the total volume of mobile traffic in Russia falls on 3G networks. Penetration mobile communications in our country as of the end of last year it was 99.5%.

The main trends are the creation of backbone FOCLs, as well as the construction of wireless Ethernet networks using LTE technology. Work on LTE is pushing wireless data transmission, upgrading old networks and building new fiber optic lines, developing wavelength division multiplexing technologies.

Fixed and mobile connections and broadband access in Russia

Source: AC&M and Russian Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, 2012

If we talk about the domestic telecom equipment market, then, according to Zelax, the alignment of forces here is as follows: the share of domestic manufacturers is no more than 10%, and foreign vendors do not actually experience competition. According to analysts, the advantage of Russian manufacturers is the ability to upgrade existing networks, knowledge of the local specifics of their construction, as well as possession of statistical data on the most frequently used communication channels, typical customer problems.

Rates of growth Russian market telecommunications equipment range from 40% to 70%, which is about 15% higher than the foreign market development indicators. In the corporate market, as opposed to the market mass demand, there is a fairly trusting attitude towards the domestic manufacturer. Russian developments, support and Maintenance equipment.

Fixed broadband

At the end of 2011 by the number of subscribers Broadband Russia moved up from 7th to 6th place last year. According to J'son&Partners Consulting, by the end of 2011, 39% of households in Russia (21.7 million) had broadband Internet access, of which approximately 1.5% were connected using FTTH technology (PON architecture).

There is no broadband technology in the world that is unequivocally recognized as the most efficient. Incumbents in many countries still operate copper access networks with asynchronous data transmission technology of the ADSL family.

Forecast of the number of broadband subscribers in Russia by technology breakdown, mln HH, 2011-2015

Source: J'son & Partners Consulting, 2012

FTTB technology dominates in many countries, including Russia. All Russian operators using passive optical access networks have opted for GPON (G.984.4 standard).

What is GPON

The abbreviation GPON stands for Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network - Gigabit Passive Optical Network. This is a fiber optic communication technology that provides a wide bandwidth and is used in converged systems, allowing packetization of service traffic.

Plans for the development of xPON networks from the largest national operators

Source: J'son & Partners Consulting, 2011

The advantage of the technology is saving on active equipment at intermediate points, since passive optical splitters are used in the network. It does not require power supply to the branch point, there is no need to install anti-vandal cabinets, and no time is wasted on servicing devices. Another advantage is fiber savings. Reception and transmission are carried out over the same fiber at different carrier wavelengths. The network topology can be any.

With the help of GPON technology, it became possible to provide Internet access at speeds of more than 50 Gbps. The length of the fiber optic cable from the network node to the consumer can reach 20 km. At the same time, developments are underway that will increase the distance to 60 km. The technology is based on the G.984.4 standard, which is constantly being improved to add new services and interfaces to the PON system.

Despite all the prospects and active development of xPON technologies, as of the end of 2011, its share in the Russian fixed broadband market was extremely small: 1.5% of all broadband connections. According to J'son&Partners forecasts, it will increase by an average of 4% per year, and by 2015 it will account for about 65% of all broadband connections in Russia.

FTTx

The abbreviation FTTx stands for fiber optic cable is laid from the communication center to a certain point, after which a copper cable goes to the subscriber. There is also an option where the fiber goes to the subscriber device. In the case of FTTB, such point X is apartment house or an office center where a single terminal is installed, from which a cable is already laid to a specific user.

Other varieties of FTTx technology are FTTN (Fiber to the Node - fiber to a network node), FTTC (Fiber to the Curb - fiber to a microdistrict, block or group of houses) and FTTH (Fiber to the Home - fiber directly to an apartment or a separate cottage) . The first two technologies involve laying fiber optics to active equipment, from which residents of a number of houses are connected using a copper cable. This is the least expensive solution, but the bandwidth of such a network will also be the smallest. FTTH, on the other hand, is the solution that provides the most bandwidth. In this embodiment, the fiber goes directly to the user's apartment. This is the most promising option among FTTx technologies, but building such a network is also the most expensive.

FTTB active optical network technology is the main competitor of passive FTTH networks. Together with Fast Ethernet, it provides an optimal balance in terms of quality, throughput and network construction costs, and - unlike xPON - is more profitable for point connections.

The largest Russian Internet access providers are building networks using FTTB technology. Among them are Rostelecom, MTS, VimpelCom and ER-Telecom.

However, according to J'son & Partners, ADSL 2+ remains the dominant technology for building broadband access networks for traditional operators. The technology was developed to expand the capabilities of ADSL technology, approved by the ITU in 1999. At the moment, networks built on ADSL 2+ are deployed in many countries around the world, but the technology is gradually becoming obsolete and in the near future will no longer be able to meet the growing needs of subscribers for transmission speed information. Its main advantages are the low cost of network deployment, subscriber devices, as well as the ability to install them as subscribers receive requests.

What do operators do

Rostelecom is the first Russian operator to start construction and development of fiber optic networks to potential users' apartments based on GPON technology. An example of the company's success is the fact that at the moment the level of digitalization of the company's telephone network in Siberia has already exceeded 85%. As a result of the work carried out, the capacity of digital exchanges amounted to more than 4 million numbers.

Since the beginning of 2012, Rostelecom has introduced more than 9.5 thousand ports of broadband Internet access in the Siberian Federal District, of which about 8.7 thousand - via GPON. Currently, the installed capacity of the GPON network in Siberia exceeds 590 thousand ports.

Today, Rostelecom does not disclose the amount of investments in technologies for deploying broadband Internet access networks. However, the operator's press service stated that the operator's investment program for the period up to 2015 is planned in the amount of 20% of the company's revenue. Of these, about 30% will go to the modernization of the "last mile" - the transition from copper to optical access solutions. As for the current status, according to AC&M Consulting, the company ranks first in the market with a 40% share. According to the approved strategy, fixed broadband access is priority development and growth point for Rostelecom.

Another operator that is actively modernizing its networks is MGTS, which started the development of FOCL back in 2010. The plans of the company's management are quite aggressive. So, last year, for example, it was announced that the operator, which today occupies 25% of the Moscow market, plans to take a leading position in the direction of broadband access by 2015. This, however, causes serious skepticism, since the market of the Moscow region is saturated, there are other strong players here as well. However, the growth is indeed significant.

In January 2011, MGTS organized a pilot zone using GPON technology, then 5,000 subscribers were connected. In summer, the company also provided GPON connections to 4.5 thousand metropolitan schools. In total, by the end of the year, 400 thousand households were passed through GPON, and in 2012, the connection of subscribers began. In the second quarter of 2012, the number of Internet access service users increased by 26% to 469 thousand (373.5 thousand clients a year earlier). The share of new subscribers connecting to tariffs with a data transfer rate of 6 Mbps or more increased to 75% by the end of June 2012 compared to 45% in the second half of 2011. In addition, about 3 thousand MGTS subscribers monthly switch to higher speed plans.

The transition to GPON will allow MGTS to catch up with home networks in terms of the maximum available speed. They use FTTB technology. Director of Broadband Access, VimpelCom Dmitry Malov notes that most Moscow houses are multi-storey, and it is cheaper to deploy FTTB technology in them. "We are considering GPON as one of the ways to connect low-rise buildings and provide broadband access in countryside", - says Malov.

It works quite actively in the regions of the TTK, and also using GPON technology. "Such an optical broadband access infrastructure creates an almost unlimited potential for a significant increase in the volume of tripleplay multimedia services provided to subscribers and the data traffic generated as a result, both at the access level and at the backbone level. Therefore, when developing backbone networks, this additional resource has to be laid in future traffic growth everywhere on the web," says Vitaly Shuba, advisor to the president of the operating company.

It must be said that one of subsidiaries TTK, CenterTransTeleCom, began working with PON back in 2008. This type of network covers almost the entire Kursk, including the business districts of this settlement. The total cost of deploying the PON network in Kursk amounted to approximately 5.3 million rubles. In addition, networks of a similar configuration and type were also laid in Tula, Ryazan and Kaluga.

Modernization of networks most positively affected the company's income. The operator finally got out of losses, which in 2010 amounted to 60 million. The rejection of low-margin business areas helped to receive more than 1 billion rubles. net profit for 2011. By the end of 2012, the operator promises to recruit more than 1 million broadband access subscribers (BBA) and may displace Akado in the top five providers.

According to the strategy adopted by the company until 2015, the share of retail broadband access services should reach 40% of the revenue, while for now it accounts for only 8%. Also, TTK has a goal to increase capitalization to 75 billion rubles by this time. According to the operator's own estimates, its market value is now about 20 billion rubles.

According to J'son, at the end of 2011 MTT planned to implement a major project with a government contractor. Apparently, this meant connecting military camps to the Internet, tenders for which the operator won in 2010-2011. Then the company obtained permission to use the infrastructure of military camps to connect residents of nearby areas. In 2011, MTT received 378 million rubles under the contract. During last year's tender, only the Technoserv system integrator, which, like MTT, belongs to the Promsvyazcapital group, tried to compete with the operator.

However, in 2012 MTT will not be able to continue this work. The corresponding contract for the current year was concluded with the Eurostroy company, which is known only for its active participation in government tenders.

Note, however, that MTT, with the exception of some of its regional subsidiaries, until 2010 had no experience in providing services to the mass market of broadband Internet access. MTT was created in the 90s, having received at that time the monopoly right to service long-distance calls to cellular subscribers. In the mid-2000s, the company lost this monopoly and began to provide long-distance communication services to subscribers of fixed networks. The company tried to enter the broadband access market in 2009, planning to negotiate with regional operators on the use of their last mile, but after the departure of MTT CEO Eldar Razroev, the project was suspended.

Deals

Demonstrate their interest in fixed broadband access and the largest cellular operators. This is clearly seen in the transactions. So MegaFon, MTS and VimpelCom in 2011 and the first half of 2012 spent 45.24 billion rubles. for M&A transactions in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Russian regions. The objects of transactions were, as a rule, broadband access providers.

The largest amount of funds in the acquisition of related assets was invested by MTS, which spent 18.02 billion rubles for these purposes. VimpelCom has allocated 14.67 billion rubles for transactions, and MegaFon, which is third in this indicator, has 12.55 billion rubles.

Top 10 M&A transactions of the "big three" operators for the acquisition of broadband access assets, 2011-2012 *

*According to TelecomDaily research, 2012

In general, the Russian market for the construction of communication networks is highly attractive, providing ample opportunities for development. There is a growing need for the development of networks and the development of new territories, as well as for increasing the capacity and length of lines, which is dictated by the virtual absence of excess capacity and the annual doubling of traffic volumes. According to J'son&Partners Consulting, in 2011 the total length of the constructed communication networks exceeded 79 thousand km. Of these, 15.8 thousand km are backbone communication networks, 17.6 km are intrazonal communication networks, 27.3 thousand km are intracity, and 18.6 thousand km are transport networks when deploying wireless access networks (mobile back haul ).

World information technologies is constantly being improved, new ways of obtaining information appear, as consumer demand increases, the amount of information required increases and, consequently, technical support must be at a certain level. At this time in the world more and more people use high-speed, otherwise broadband Internet access. It can be argued that approximately one in ten Internet users in the world has broadband Internet access.

Broadband, or high-speed Internet access is provided by a number of technologies that allow users to send and receive information in much greater volumes and at much higher speeds than is the case with today's widespread Internet access over conventional telephone lines. Broadband access provides not only a high data transfer rate, but also a continuous connection to the Internet (without the need to establish a dial-up connection) and the so-called two-way communication, that is, the ability to both receive (download) and transmit (upload) information at high speeds.

In general, the number of high-speed Internet users in European Union doubled in 2003, the same as in 2002 (data from the European Commission). According to analysts, the growth rate in this sector reaches about 100% per year and there are no signs that they will start to decline. Number of connections to high speed internet in the EU reached 20 million in the third quarter of 2003, of which 41% were new users. At the same time, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark today have a higher growth rate of user connection to high-speed Internet than the United States. In terms of the number of broadband network users, as before, Germany is in the lead.
The French government announced its intention to provide the entire country with broadband Internet access by 2005. The cost of this project is approximately 30 billion francs (about 4.2 billion dollars). The private sector of the economy cannot afford such costs, especially with the Internetization of rural areas, so the French government intends to provide loans for this project in the amount of 10 billion francs. Without this assistance, it will not be possible to cope with such a task in 5 years, and 70-80% of the country's territory, where a quarter of the population of France lives, will remain uncovered.
In the UK, too, the goal is to have universal broadband Internet access by 2005. However, the Tony Blair government relies entirely on private business, that is, companies that need such Internet access will themselves invest in the creation of broadband communications. It may turn out that with such an approach, it will not be possible to meet the specified deadlines.

In Russia, the situation is as follows: a large number of Internet users at home are still forced to be content with a dial-up connection. So far, the tariff plans of Russian regional operators and a host of technical problems are hindering the change of benchmarks, although the situation is gradually changing for the better.
In Uzbekistan, an increasing number of Internet providers provide broadband Internet access. Of course, new technologies are only being mastered here, but the fact of development is obvious. So far, only corporate clients can use such services, since their prices are quite high and the average user is content with a dial-up connection.
Starting from this year, subscribers of the Internet provider of the Tashkent city telephone network TSHTT have been able to use all the advantages of ADSL technology. Using this latest technology, they are able to simultaneously transmit data over the network and talk on the phone. ADSL is an asymmetric DSL connection where the downstream speed is higher than the upstream speed. This asymmetry makes the technology ideal for organizing Internet access, when users receive much more information than they transmit. ADSL technology provides downlink speeds up to 8 Mbps and uplink speeds up to 0.8 Mbps.
ADSL allows you to transfer data at a speed of 2 Mbps over a distance of up to 5.5 km, over one twisted pair of wires. Transfer rates of the order of 6-8 Mbit/s can be achieved when transferring data over a distance of no more than 3.5 km.
ADSL access requires an ADSL modem or routers and a splitter. The cost of an inexpensive set of equipment (modem + splitter) is about $150, which is quite comparable to the price of a good analog modem.

Internet provider TSHTT uses a ZYXEL (Prestige) 645-R modem, splitter, power supply and cable to connect subscribers to the Internet using ADSL technology. The modem itself and the subscriber's telephone line are connected to the splitter, thereby allowing him to access the Internet and use the telephone.
Broadband not only provides a wealth of content and services, but it has the potential to transform the entire Internet, both in terms of the service offered by the Network and in terms of how it is used. In all likelihood, many of the future applications of broadband that will make it possible to fully exploit its technological potential have yet to be explored. To fully understand the benefits of ADSL technology, we'll look at the difference between dial-up Internet access and broadband access.
To access the Internet via a dial-up connection, use Personal Computer equipped with a modem. Internet connection is provided by the Internet provider selected by the user for a specific tariff plan. The user calls the modem pools and connects to the network. Naturally, the telephone line is constantly busy, as data is being exchanged. The modem converts analog signals (speech) into digital signals, which allow bits of information to be transmitted. It follows that for full-fledged work, the subscriber needs to acquire a second telephone line, but this is not always possible. Dial-up access is not good enough if you need to get the maximum amount of information in the minimum amount of time, which is not always possible at a speed of 56 Kb / s (the maximum data transfer rate over a dial-up connection).
The limitations imposed by the relatively low data transfer rate over ordinary telephone lines (such access is also called narrowband) are becoming more and more obvious. For example, downloading a 10-minute video or distribution of a major program using a 56K dial-up connection can become a very long and tedious task. In the case of using broadband Internet access, in which the data transfer rate is many times higher than the notorious 56K, users can comfortably watch videos or download software and other heavy files in seconds. Broadband access provides not only a high data transfer rate, but also a constant connection to the Internet (the user does not need to call the Internet provider's modem pool), as well as the so-called bidirectional communication - that is, the ability to simultaneously receive (download) and transmit (download) information at high speeds.
Bidirectional high speed connection can be used for interactive applications- such as online classes, showrooms or medical clinics, in which the teacher and student (or client and seller, doctor and patient) using their computers can see and hear each other. You can use a permanent Internet connection to monitor home security, automate your home, or even remotely treat patients via the World Wide Web. Due to the high data transfer rate and large amount of transmitted information provided by a broadband connection, such a connection could also serve to organize the so-called packaged service provision, in which cable television, video on demand, voice communications, data transmission and reception, and others services are provided over the same communication line.
Currently, many (though not all) institutions and commercial organizations already have broadband Internet access.

So, asymmetric digital subscriber line(ADSL) - modern technology high speed data exchange. The following advantages make this standard one of the most popular ways to access the global network:

The technology uses conventional telephone lines
high speed data exchange
the ability to conduct a telephone conversation in parallel with data transmission over the same line
when administered time payment the use of a telephone line for Internet access using ADSL technology will not be charged.

Broadband access technology, primarily ADSL, is becoming increasingly popular in the world. Thus, according to the consulting agency Gartner Dataquest, in Europe by 2006 more than 30 million ADSL access lines are predicted, with 25 million of them in the residential sector. China Telecom predicted in 2002 that China would sell 35 million broadband subscriber lines by 2006. However, judging by current sales volumes in 2003, this figure will be significantly exceeded.
Such a rapid development is quite understandable: the introduction of broadband access brings many benefits to users, and also significantly increases the income of telecom operators, since the subscriber buys not only a regular narrow-band telephone channel, but also a broadband multimedia (Internet, video, data transmission).
Finally, ADSL (Asymmetric DSL) systems are more end-user oriented than any other type of DSL. The fact is that almost always the volumes of data transmitted and received by the user vary quite a lot - this is understandable, since the user is usually the consumer of the data. This distortion between transmitted and received data is very noticeable when working with the World Wide Web (especially with pages rich in graphics, video and sound) and easily reaches a ratio of 1:100, and when using video-on-demand systems - 1:1000 and even 1:1000000.
ADSL systems take this data flow asymmetry into account. Typically, ADSLs provide data transfer rates from the user in the range of 128-1024 Kbps, and to the user in the range from 600 Kbps to 8 Mbps. According to some forecasts, the speed of data reception by the user can soon be increased to 30 Mbps.
ADSL technology is the best suited for receiving high-quality video signal, which makes it almost the only contender for the role of technology for providing access to video-on-demand systems.
Due to the active development of broadband, Internet users have new opportunities and expanding interests in terms of searching, viewing, listening and downloading multimedia content. In particular, almost half of them download a lot of music, video and audio information. The table shows data on the priorities of broadband users. It can be concluded that using broadband access, users mainly download multimedia files that occupy a large amount of traffic.
Broadband Trends. According to a report by the analytical company Nielsen//NetRatings, at the beginning of 2003 there were about 63 million users of broadband Internet access in the world. Korea (21.3 million), Hong Kong (14.9 million) and Canada (11.2 million) led by this indicator, followed by Taiwan (9.4 million) by some distance. Moreover, Canada has significantly outstripped the US: according to the analytical company comScore Media Metrix, in early 2003, broadband access users accounted for 53.6% of all Internet users in Canada, while in the US this figure was only 33.8%. By the middle of summer 2003, the total number of broadband connections in the world was already about 77 million (data from the analytical company Point Topic), and at the end of the year it exceeded 86 million.
At the end of 2003, the largest markets in terms of broadband saturation were still South Korea and Hong Kong. In the US, broadband access to World Wide Web 38 million users, which accounted for 35% of the total number of Internet users.

High-speed Internet access continued to develop at a steady pace throughout the year in Europe. According to Nielsen//NetRatings analysts, the number of European users of broadband access from home has grown by 136% in 12 months. This trend was most noticeable in the UK, where the number of broadband internet users more than tripled to 3.7 million. Nevertheless, Great Britain remains the penultimate one in the list of European countries in terms of saturation with high-speed Internet connection - at the end of 2003 it was used by only 21% of users. Last on this list is Italy, where broadband access is a privilege of only 16.4% (1.8 million users). Among European countries, France, Spain and the Netherlands took the lead, where 39%, 37.2% and 36.6% of users, respectively, use broadband access.
prospects. Analysts at eMarketer predict an almost two-fold increase in broadband access users from 2003 to 2005.
North America led the way in broadband Internet access in 2001. In 2002, the initiative was taken over by the Asia-Pacific region, which further strengthened its position by the end of 2003. Western Europe still lags behind North America, but analysts predict that by 2005 the European broadband market will be comparable in volume to North America.
Analysts estimate that broadband penetration will continue, with analysts seeing the phenomenal growth of broadband as a direct result of the rise of the Internet as a means of information and entertainment, communication and business. For example, according to the analyst firm Yankee Group, the size of the broadband access market in Western Europe will grow annually by an average of 68% until 2006 and will exceed 18 billion dollars. eMarketer analysts forecast an increase in US broadband penetration from 22% in 2003 to 32.2% in 2005.
This trend will lead to a significant increase in online sales. In particular, research by the analytical company Scarborough Research shows that 64% of broadband users would prefer to use the Internet to make various purchases, ranging from toys, gifts and all sorts of little things to a car.

In Odnoklassniki

Broadband Internet access(abbreviated as broadband access) is also called high-speed access, which reflects the essence of this term - access to the Network at high speed - from 128 kbps and higher. Today, when even 100 Mbps are available to home subscribers, the concept of "high speed" has become subjective, depending on the needs of the user. But the term broadband access was introduced at the time of widespread dial-up access (dial-up), when a connection is established using a modem connected to the public telephone network. This technology supports a maximum speed of 56 kbps. Broadband access involves the use of other technologies that provide significantly higher speeds. However, a connection such as ADSL technology with a data rate of 128 kbps also applies to broadband access.

From the history of broadband technology development

Approximately in the early 2000s. dial-up technology (dial-ap) has been actively replaced by xDSL technologies (ADSL, HDSL, etc.), which provide a significantly higher access speed. For example, ADSL2+ technology allows you to download data at a maximum speed of 24 Mbps, and give - at a speed of 3.5 Mbps. To gain access using xDSL technology, a modem and a telephone line are also used, however, unlike dial-up access, the line is not fully occupied, that is, it remains possible to use both the telephone and the Internet at the same time.

Broadband today

Today, broadband Internet access is provided by various technologies - both wired and wireless. The former include the xDSL family of technologies, the DOCSIS technology (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications - data transmission over a television cable), (data transmission in computer networks using twisted pair, optical cable or coaxial cable), the FTTx technology family (fiber to the x - optical fiber to point X) and PLC (Power line communication - data transmission using power lines). As for FTTx, there are two basic varieties, although, in fact, they differ little from each other - (fiber to the building - fiber to the building) and FTTH (fiber to the home - fiber to the house).

Today, wireless Internet access technologies, especially mobile ones, are being actively introduced and developed. Fixed wireless access is provided through satellite Internet, technology and fixed. However, many cellular operators and wireless providers already offer MTS and "" (""), which have market shares of 9.5% and 8.3%, respectively. These operators provide Internet access both through wired and wireless "third generation" technologies. So, for example, MTS, having acquired the company "", became a major operator of Internet access services using ADSL and ADSL2 + technologies, and. Beeline, in addition to wireless access and mobile communications services, provides the Home Internet service using FTTB technology (fiber to the building - fiber to the building).

In fourth place with a market share of broadband access of 7.7% is the operator "", providing Internet access services under the brand "Dom.ru" using FTTB technology. The Akado company closes the top five of the Russian broadband access market with a share of 3.8%. The operator provides Internet access using DOCSIS and Fast Ethernet technologies.

The remaining Russian broadband providers occupy less than half of the market - 34.6% fall to their share.

Penetration of broadband services

According to iKS-Consulting, in the first quarter of 2011 the penetration of broadband Internet access in Russia reached 36%, the number of subscribers in the private segment amounted to 19 million users. But it should be taken into account that in the local markets, local players - for example, providers in St. Petersburg or providers in Moscow - can occupy significant shares, overtaking these large players in the total subscriber base. In St. Petersburg, among such players are: "" (InterZet), "" (brand "", which, however, is now part of Rostelecom), ("SkyNet"), etc. In Moscow, such companies can be mentioned.

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Broadband Internet connection

Setting up a PPPoE connection in Windows 7

Never use software provided by your ISP to connect via PPPoE. Instead, use the procedure described here.

Later, you can connect using the Connect to a network pop-up window or modify this connection in the Network Connections window.

Nowadays, broadband internet is a general term used to refer to various types of high-speed connection.

The term broadband refers to the bandwidth of an internet connection. Broadband literally means a wide range of frequencies used to transmit and receive data. In the past, Internet access was very slow due to the use of a dial-up connection. In addition to being slow, a dial-up connection also completely occupies a voice telephone line. All these factors have led to the fact that Dial-up has been almost completely replaced by various broadband types of connection.

The term bandwidth, in the case of computer networks and Internet connections, is generally used to refer to the speed of data transfer. The data rate is usually measured in bits per second (bps). In a broadband connection, compared to a dial-up connection, the data transfer speed is very high. There are different types of broadband connections with different costs, speeds and availability.

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

ADSL is the most commonly used broadband connection. Widely used for home users and commercial purposes. ADSL is a digital line that can be used to access the Internet without having to take up an entire telephone line. ADSL operates at 512 kbps or higher. In the case of ADSL, the incoming channel has a higher speed than the outgoing one, which is where the term "asymmetric" originated.

SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

SDSL is similar to ADSL and differs from it in only one aspect, in the ratio of speed indicators of the incoming and outgoing line. SDSL are characterized by the same speed when downloading and sending data. Home users generally don't need it. But some organizations require a channel with a high throughput rate of the outgoing channel. This type of connection is more expensive than regular ADSL, but in the case of commercial use, these costs are worth it.

Broadband wireless

Wireless Internet connection is a common thing today. Laptops, PDAs and mobile phones all need a wireless connection. The download speed provided by various types of wireless broadband Internet access is typically between 128 Kbps and 2 Mbps.

Cable broadband internet

The Internet can be accessed through a cable TV line. Cable TV is currently very popular and is available in almost all major cities. Cable broadband Internet usually provides speeds from 2 Mbps to 8 Mbps. In terms of popularity, cable Internet successfully competes with ADSL.

Satellite Internet

All forms of broadband connections described above have local restrictions, i.e. they can be used in a very limited area. Satellite communication is the solution to this problem. Satellite Internet can be either one-way or two-way. In satellite Internet, depending on the tariff and type of connection, speeds from 256 Kbps to 2 Mbps are offered. This type of broadband Internet provides less speed than other types of broadband connections. In addition, the weather has a significant impact on the quality of the received signal.

Fiber optic internet

Fiber optic technology is a relatively new technology that converts electrical signals into light signals. The signal is then transmitted over a fiber optic cable.

To build optical access networks, special devices are used, for example, such as stm 4 multiplexers that can operate on 2 single-mode optical fibers. Supports remote network management and upgrades.

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Mobile broadband currently uses WCDMA/HSPA (3.5G generation), HSPA+ (3.75G generation) mobile communication technologies. 4G technologies are also used: WiMax and LTE.

Broadband Internet access via VSAT

Internet via VSAT is a method of accessing the Internet, in which the user's end equipment connects to a small satellite earth station (MSSS, in fact, a subscriber VSAT terminal), which, in turn, communicates with a satellite in geostationary orbit . The satellite transmits data from the central terrestrial satellite communication station (CZSSS, in fact, the operator station), which is already connected to terrestrial high-speed Internet channels.

At present, broadband Internet access based on VSAT technology has found application both in distant geological exploration expeditions and in individual households. Generally speaking, for hard-to-reach and sparsely populated areas, satellite Internet is almost the only real opportunity to provide high-quality communication with the outside world - fast Internet and IP-telephony.

Broadband Internet access using 3G/4G technologies

In addition, high-speed Internet access can be provided using 3G/4G technologies. If you need to choose between the Internet using 4G technology, for example, LTE Advanced or WiMax, and the Internet using VSAT technology, then you can be guided by the following logic. 4G Internet is likely to be cheaper than VSAT Internet in the near future, so if fourth generation (i.e. 4G) coverage is present where the intended Internet user is located, then 4G Internet is worth choosing. If not, then, of course, you should use Satellite Internet based on VSAT technology.

So, it turns out that when the fourth generation communication covers the entire territory that is not covered by fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL), the VSAT Internet will no longer be needed? Most likely, this will not happen. The fact is that from economic calculations it follows that it is simply not cost-effective to build 3G / 4G networks at a distance of more than 20 - 30 kilometers from densely populated areas. Therefore, vast areas with a low population density will apparently remain in the near foreseeable future, the "patrimony" of Internet access via VSAT.

Broadband access via fiber optic link

Also, high-speed Internet access can be provided via FOCL. Let's consider this technology in more detail. A fiber-optic communication line (FOCL) is a data transmission channel that uses as a carrier of an information signal electromagnetic radiation optical (near infrared) range, and optically transparent fiber (made of glass, quartz, etc.) as guiding systems. The laser beam propagates in such a fiber, reflecting many times from the fiber cladding due to the phenomenon of total internal reflection of electromagnetic waves at the interface dielectrics with different refractive indices.
The low attenuation of light in an optical fiber makes it possible to use fiber-optic communication over considerable distances without the use of amplifiers. Fiber-optic communication lines are free from electromagnetic interference and are difficult to access for unauthorized use: it is technically extremely difficult to intercept a signal transmitted over an optical cable without being noticed. In addition, due to the high carrier frequency and

broadband internet

Broadband or high-speed Internet access - Internet access at a data transfer rate exceeding the maximum possible when using dial-up access using a modem and the public telephone network. It is carried out using wired, fiber-optic and wireless communication lines of various types.

If dial-up access has a bitrate limit of about 56 kbit / s and completely occupies a telephone line, then broadband technologies provide many times higher data exchange speed and do not monopolize a telephone line. In addition to high speed, broadband access provides a continuous connection to the Internet (without the need to establish a dial-up connection) and the so-called "two-way" communication, that is, the ability to both receive ("download") and transmit ("upload") information at high speeds.

Allocate mobile broadband access (mobile broadband access) and fixed broadband access. Fixed broadband is based on wired connections, while mobile broadband includes data transmission over wireless connections.

Mobile broadband currently uses WCDMA/HSPA (3.5G generation), HSPA+ (3.75G generation) mobile communication technologies. 4G technologies are also used: WiMax and LTE.

There is also a broadband Internet access technology that operates in DVB-T2 digital terrestrial TV terrestrial networks.

Dial-up Internet access

Dial-up remote access is a service that allows a computer, using a modem and a public telephone network, to connect to another computer (access server) to initialize a data transfer session (for example, to access the Internet). Typically, dial-up refers only to Internet access on a home computer or dial-up access in corporate network using the point-to-point PPP protocol (theoretically, the legacy SLIP protocol can also be used).

Availability

Telephone communication via modem does not require any additional infrastructure other than the telephone network. Since telephone points are available all over the world, this connection remains useful for travelers. Connecting to the network with a dial-up modem is the only choice available in most rural or remote areas where broadband access is not possible due to low population density and requirements. Sometimes dial-up networking can also be an alternative for those on a budget, as it is often offered free of charge, although broadband is now more and more available over more low prices in most countries. However, in some countries, dial-up Internet access remains the main one due to the high cost of broadband access, and sometimes the lack of demand for the service among the population. Dialing takes time to establish a connection (several seconds, depending on location) and perform a handshake before the data transfer can take place.

The cost of Internet access via dial-up access is often determined by the time spent by the user on the network, and not by the volume of traffic. Dial-up access is a non-permanent or temporary connection, because at the request of the user or ISP, it will be broken sooner or later. Internet Service Providers often impose a limit on the duration of the connection and disconnect the user after the allotted time, as a result of which a reconnection is necessary.

Performance

For modern modem connections, the maximum theoretical speed is 56 kbps (when using V.90 or V.92 protocols), although in practice the speed rarely exceeds 40-45 kbps, and in the vast majority of cases it is kept at no more than 30 kbps /sec. Factors such as noise on the telephone line and the quality of the modem itself play a role big role in terms of communication speeds. In some cases, on a particularly noisy line, the speed may drop to 15 kbps or less, such as in a hotel room where the telephone line has many spurs. A dial-up connection via a modem usually has a high latency, which goes up to 400 milliseconds or more, which makes Online Games and video conferencing extremely difficult or completely impossible. The first first-person games (3d-actions) are the most sensitive to response time, making tethered play impractical.

Using compression to exceed 56 kbps

Today's V.42, V.42bis, and V.44 standards allow a modem to transfer data faster than its tariff rate would mean. For example, a 53.3 kbps connection with V.44 can transmit up to 53.3*6 = 320 kbps using clear text. The problem is that compression tends to get better or worse over time due to line noise or the transfer of already compressed files (ZIP files, JPEG images, MP3 audio, MPEG video). On average, the modem will send compressed files at about 50 kbps, uncompressed files at 160 kbps, and clear text at 320 kbps. In such situations, a small amount of memory in the modem (buffer) is used to hold the data while it is being compressed and sent over the telephone line, but to prevent buffer overruns, it sometimes becomes necessary to tell the computer to pause the transmission stream. This is achieved through hardware flow control, using additional hooks on the modem's computer connection. The computer is then going to supply the modem at some higher rate, such as 320 kbps, and the modem will tell the computer when to start or stop sending data.

ISP Compression

As phone-based 56K modems began to fall out of favor, some ISPs such as Netzero and Juno began using precompression to increase bandwidth and support their customer base. For example, Netscape ISP uses a compression program that compresses images, text, and other objects before sending them over the telephone line. Server-side compression is more efficient than the "continuous" compression supported by V.44 modems. Typically, text on websites is compressed to 5%, thus increasing throughput to about 1000 kbps, and images are lossy compressed to 15-20%, which increases throughput to ~350 kbps.

The disadvantage of this approach is the loss of quality: the graphics acquire compression artifacts, however, the speed increases dramatically, and the user can manually select and view uncompressed images at any time. ISPs using this approach advertise it as "DSL speed over regular phone lines" or simply "high speed dialup".

Replacement by broadband

Beginning in (approximately) 2000, DSL broadband Internet access replaced conventional dial-up access in many parts of the world. Broadband typically offers speeds of 128 kbps and up at a lower cost than dialup. The ever-increasing volume of content in areas such as video, entertainment portals, media, etc., no longer allows sites to work on dialup modems. However, in many areas, dial-up access is still in demand, namely where high speed is not required. This is partly due to the fact that in some regions the laying of broadband networks is not economically viable or, for one reason or another, is impossible. Although wireless broadband access technologies exist, the high cost of investment, low profitability, and poor communication quality make it difficult to set up the necessary infrastructure. Some dialup carriers have responded to increasing competition by lowering their rates to as low as $150 a month and making dialup an attractive choice for those who just want to read. email or view news in text format.