The appearance of Project 671 nuclear-powered submarines in the Soviet Navy marked the beginning new era in the confrontation between the fleets of the two superpowers - from that moment on, the submariners of the US Navy could no longer feel safe. This primarily applied to missile carriers of the George Washington type.

The first Soviet nuclear submarines of Project 627 were created primarily to combat aircraft carriers and other large enemy surface ships, as well as for a possible attack on naval bases using super-powerful nuclear torpedoes. In accordance with such tasks, the priorities in the creation of these nuclear submarines were determined in the form of the most powerful weapons. However, several years later it became clear that a nuclear-powered submarine could pose an even more serious danger - the most important event in the late 1950s, the creation of the world's first submarine missile carriers with ballistic missiles. During 1960 (in fact), four George Washington-class SSBNs entered service. It was planned to counter this most serious threat both with the help of anti-submarine aircraft and by creating special submarine hunters capable of finding and attacking enemy missile carriers. At the same time, ensuring maximum secrecy of the hunting boat became an important requirement.

NEW CHALLENGES

The main areas of work during the creation of Project 671 submarines were the reduction of acoustic and other physical fields that make it possible to detect submarines; installation of a powerful sonar system for detecting and pursuing the enemy, combined with high maneuverability and underwater speed. The development of the project was entrusted to the same Leningrad OKB-143, which successfully coped with the task of creating the first domestic nuclear submarines of Project 627. The basis for the working design was the work of L. Samarkin, but the more experienced G. Chernyshev was eventually appointed chief designer.

When developing the project, the designers developed several basic principles, which made it possible to provide the boat with the necessary qualities and at the same time minimize displacement: the use of only three-phase alternating current for the power network, optimization of hull contours for diving, one line of shafts.

An increase in the diameter of the hull (compared to the Project 627 nuclear submarine) made it possible to place more compact nuclear reactors transversely, which reduced the length of the boat. Much attention was paid to automation of control as power plant, and ship mechanisms, including the submarine depth stabilization system. In general, the solution to such specific tasks as the fight against submarines was associated with numerous problems, for example, ensuring firing from torpedo tubes at a depth of up to 250 m, but they were successfully overcome. When designing the hull, taking into account the immersion depth increased to 400 m, there was a temptation to use titanium, but the lack of experience in processing it forced the use of AK-29 structural steel.

Design of the boat began in 1960 and was completed by the end of the year. During 1961-1962, equipment placement and laying of pipelines and cable routes were tested. The lead boat of the series was laid down on April 12, 1963, launched on July 28, 1966, and entered service on November 5, 1967 (just in time for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution). The construction of this and 14 subsequent “671st” nuclear submarines was carried out by shipbuilding plant No. 196 in Leningrad (Novo-Admiralteysky Plant); If the first boats took about 5 years to build, then for the latter this period was reduced to 20 months. According to the years of commissioning, Project 671 nuclear submarines were distributed as follows: 1967 - K-38; 1968 - K-69 (in 1977 renamed K-369), K-147; 1969 - K-53, K-306; 1970 - K-323, K-370; 1971 - K-438, K-367; 1972 - K-314, K-398; 1973 - K-454, K-462; 1974 - K-469, K-481. K-314, K-454 and K-469 were completed according to the modified 671B project - in addition to torpedoes, they carried Vyuga-53 anti-submarine missiles launched from conventional torpedo tubes. Another nuclear submarine, K-323, was modernized in 1984 according to Project 671 K, receiving S-10 Granat cruise missiles (also launched from the launch vehicle) for attacks on ground targets with a launch range of up to 2500 km.

20 YEARS IN SERVICE

Having entered service with the Northern and Pacific Fleets, the Ruffs were, of course, engaged not only in hunting submarine missile carriers, but also in related tasks: escorting aircraft carrier strike groups (with the goal of incapacitating the “main player”), protecting their SSBNs from submarines. hunters and actions on enemy communications.

The service of the Ruffs was rich in various events, but, fortunately, all 15 boats survived to the end of their life cycle. Some of the most remarkable episodes of their service are worth recalling. At the beginning of 1976, K-469 made (together with another nuclear submarine) a transition from the North to the Far East, however, not along the traditional Northern Sea Route, but along the southern route - through the Atlantic, Drake Passage and the entire Pacific Ocean. For 22 thousand miles, the boat was constantly under water, only once rising to periscope depth.

In August 1977, K-481 made an under-ice passage to the North Pole, accompanying the one making its way to the pole through the ice. nuclear icebreaker"Arctic". On March 21, 1984, K-314, which had the task of secretly pursuing an AUG led by the strike aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk off the coast of Korea, when surfacing to periscope depth, found itself right in the path of the aircraft carrier. During the collision, she received significant damage, lost speed and was towed to the base.

On September 19 of the same year, on the other side of the Earth, near Gibraltar, K-53, while ascending to periscope depth, collided with the Soviet cargo ship "Brotherhood", which only miraculously did not sink. The boat received significant damage and was sent to the base for repairs. The service of the first series of Project 671 nuclear submarines lasted about 25 years: after the end of the Cold War, it no longer made sense to keep in service boats with obviously low noise levels and not the latest sonar equipment. In the period from 1989 to 1994, all of them were withdrawn from combat service and placed in storage awaiting dismantling.

PROJECT 671 SUBMARINE "ERSH"

In St. Petersburg, next to the Novo-Admiralteysky Plant, a large-scale model of a Project 671 nuclear submarine has been installed.

The durable body consisted of cylindrical sections and truncated cones. The frames (except for the aft end) were located outside. Lightweight hull plating is with a longitudinal framing system. Its contours are optimized for driving on high speed in a submerged position.

FRAME

The hull was divided into seven waterproof compartments:

1st - torpedo, battery and residential;
2nd - central post, provision and auxiliary mechanisms;
3rd - reactor;
4th - turbine (it also houses autonomous turbine units);
5th - electrical and auxiliary mechanisms, as well as a sanitary unit;
6th - residential and diesel generator;
7th - helmsman (the rowing electric motors and galley are also located here).

During serial construction, work continued to improve the thermal fuel cell, increase the reliability of the equipment, and eliminate deficiencies identified during construction and operation. Particular attention was paid to reducing the noise of ships - on the latest nuclear submarines of the series it was reduced by 1.5-3 times, and the noise levels of the main landing gear were reduced by 1.5 times compared to the first.

On all submarines, except the first, an absorbing anti-hydrolocation coating is applied to the outer (light) hull.

POWER POINT

The main power plant included two OK-300 steam generating units (a VM-4 water-cooled reactor with a thermal power of 72 mW and four PG-4T steam generators), autonomous for each side. The reactor core is recharged every eight years. The layout of second generation nuclear power plants has been significantly changed. The number of large diameter pipelines connecting the main elements of the installation has been reduced. Most of the primary circuit pipelines were placed in uninhabited premises and covered with biological protection. Significantly improved instrumentation and automation systems; the share of remotely controlled valves, gate valves, dampers, etc. has increased.

The steam turbine installation consisted of a main turbo-gear unit GTZA-615 and two OK-2 turbogenerators producing alternating current 380 V (consisting of a turbine and a generator with a power of 2000 kW).

As a backup means of propulsion, two PG-137 DC electric motors (2 x 275 hp) were installed on the boat, each of which drove its own two-bladed small-diameter propeller. There were two batteries (112 cells each with a capacity of 8000 Ah), as well as two 200 kW diesel generators connected to the RDP system. The backup installation was intended not so much for the movement of the boat in the event of a failure of the power plant, but to ensure maximum secrecy by reducing noise associated with the operation of the PTU and cooling the reactor at high power modes. In addition, the 2-screw design provided slightly better maneuverability.

WEAPONS

Due to the need to place the bulky Rubin SJSC in the bow, installing torpedo tubes in the same place turned out to be a difficult task. Even options with the on-board placement of the TA at an angle to the hull were considered, but in this case it was possible to use the weapon only at low speed.

In the end it was accepted classic version TA placement - in the upper third of the first compartment, in two horizontal rows. Along the longitudinal axis of the hull, above the first row of TA, there was a horizontal torpedo-loading hatch, in front of which there was a horizontal tray for loading torpedoes. The torpedoes were pulled into the compartment, moved along the tray, loaded into apparatus and lowered onto racks using hydraulic drives. This design was later used on most Soviet anti-submarine submarines.

533-mm torpedo tubes could fire at depths of up to 250 m. The ammunition load included 18 53-65K and SET-65 torpedoes or up to 36 mines (12 of them in TA).

Mine laying could be carried out at speeds of up to 6 knots. The Brest-671 torpedo firing control device was used to aim and launch torpedoes. When reloading the torpedoes, the control system for the torpedo fast loading device and the preparation of the Cypress TA was used.

HYDROACOUSTIC COMPLEX

The Kerch SJSC, which was supposed to be installed on the Ruffs, was, by decision of the Chief Designer, replaced by the new Rubin SJSC, which was significantly superior to the Kerch in its main characteristics.

"Rubin" had a maximum target detection range of about 50 km. It included a low-frequency nasal hydroacoustic emitter, a high-frequency mine-detecting sonar antenna MG-509 “Radian” in the front part of the fence of the retractable wheelhouse devices, a sound-underwater communication and hydroacoustic alarm station. "Rubin" provided all-round visibility, independent automatic tracking and determination of target heading angles, ranging by echolocation, as well as detection of active enemy sonar systems.

However, these relatively high (compared to other Soviet GAK) data were, as always, obtained at the cost of large dimensions and weight: in particular, in the bow end it was necessary to place GAK units weighing 20 tons and a volume with a living room of 23 sq. m.

After modernization, which most boats underwent in the late 1970s, the Rubin was replaced by the more advanced Rubicon SJSC with an infrasonic emitter, with a maximum detection range of more than 200 km.

EQUIPMENT

The submarine was equipped with the Sigma all-latitude navigation system. There was a television system for monitoring general and ice conditions MT-70, capable, under favorable conditions, of providing species information at a depth of up to 50 m.

The designers sought to automate the control of the submarine's technical equipment and weapons as much as possible. The boat was equipped with a centralized system for controlling, regulating and protecting the nuclear power plant; integrated spatial maneuvering control system “Spat”, which ensured automatic stabilization of the course and diving depth of the nuclear submarine while moving and without moving, the ability remote control course and depth of dive; automatic compensation system for emergency trims and dips in depth “Tourmaline”; system of centralized automated control of general ship systems (OCS).

TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF "ERSH" TYPE BOARDS

• Displacement, t:
  — surface: 4250
  — underwater: 6080
• Dimensions, m:
  — length: 93.0
  — width: 10.6 (body)
  — draft: 7.2
• Power plant: 2 reactors VM-4.1 PTU with a capacity of 31,000 liters. With.
• Travel speed, knots:
  — surface: 11
  — underwater: 33.5
• 24-hour autonomy: 50 (limited only by food supplies)
• Armament: 6 x 533 mm torpedo tubes (ammunition - 18 torpedoes)
• Crew, people: 68-76

A second-generation nuclear-powered hunter boat, focused primarily on combating enemy submarines.

The first generation of Soviet nuclear-powered ships (boats of projects and) was designed mainly for combating surface ships. However, towards the end of the 1950s, the fleet demanded a modern mass “hunter”, which was supposed to deal mainly with anti-submarine defense tasks.

In 1958, a large-scale competition of designs for second-generation nuclear-powered ships was held. As a result, three were selected preliminary design boats for serial construction: with ballistic missiles - Project 667, with cruise missiles - Project 670 and a hunter boat - Project 671.

The developer of the boat is SKB-143 (now the St. Petersburg Marine Engineering Bureau "Malachite"), chief designer Georgy Chernyshev. The terms of reference for the project were approved in 1959, technical project completed by the end of 1960, and in April 1963, the lead boat of the K-38 project was laid down at the Novo-Admiralteysky Plant (now Admiralty Shipyards) in Leningrad.

A number of innovations were implemented in the project: a streamlined hull of the boat in the form of a body of rotation, complete subordination of the boat’s architecture to the tasks of scuba diving, etc. The boat received a single-shaft power plant with two OK-300 pressurized water reactors.

Surface/underwater displacement 3500/4700 tons. The length of the hull is 93 meters, the width is over 10 meters. Working depth of immersion is 320 meters, maximum 400 meters. Maximum speed under water is up to 32 knots, surface speed is 11-12 knots. The crew, according to various sources, is 68-76 people, autonomy for provisions is 50-60 days.

"Ruffs" received a powerful sonar system "Rubin" with a maximum target detection range of 50-60 km. One of the complex elements terms of reference was to fit a large complex (with a volume of about 70 cubic meters and a weight of 20 tons) into bow submarines. Since 1976, instead of the Rubin, the boats began to be upgraded with the new Rubicon complex with a maximum detection range of up to 200 km.

The boat was armed with six bow 533-mm torpedo tubes, capable of firing at depths of up to 250 meters. The ammunition included 18 torpedoes (type 53−65K or SET-65) or anti-submarine missiles (type 81R of the RPK-2 “Vyuga-53” complex; for Project 671B boats). The boat could also take sea mines: 18 PMR-1, PMR-2 or PMT or 36 RM-2G. Mine laying was carried out at speeds of up to six knots.

A total of 15 Project 671 boats were built, most of them served in the Northern Fleet.

Three submarines built for the Pacific Ocean were built according to a modified project 671 V (equipped with the RPK-2 Vyuga-53 guided anti-submarine weapon system). The K-323 boat was modernized in 1984 according to Project 671K and was able to use the S-10 Granat strategic cruise missiles (the Soviet analogue of the American Tomahawk missiles).

All Project 671 boats were withdrawn from the fleet from 1989 to 1997 and have now been disposed of.

On the basis of Project 671 "Ruff" other multi-purpose projects were created nuclear boats— 671RT “Salmon” and 671RTM/RTMK “Pike”.

Project 671 RTM

Modernization showed the feasibility of further consistent improvement of this class of boats; the reserves for modernization laid down during the development of Project 671 made it possible to preserve the basic solutions for creating the next modification of missile-torpedo multi-purpose submarines. Only when the modernization project 671 RTM was approved in June 1975, work began (almost in parallel) on the creation of promising third-generation boats at the Malachite Design Bureau (Bars) and the Lazurit Design Bureau (Barracuda). It must be assumed that until this time the series of boats under construction had completely satisfied the Navy. Subsequently, parallel construction of similar projects for these design bureaus began. The “Lazuritovskaya” titanium boat actually surpassed the “Malakhitovskaya” in terms of magnetic fields, but at the same time it turned out to be four times more expensive.

Against their background, the latest hulls of the 671 RTM look quite good: in terms of combat capabilities and habitability, the new boats are not far ahead, but in terms of “cost-effectiveness” they are far behind. Now, by the way, the development of nuclear submarines is experiencing a certain crisis, as diesel boats once experienced. All attempts to improve their characteristics yield modest results at enormous costs. A striking example is the American novelty “Seawolf”. US anti-submarine forces confidently detect, classify and “destroy” it. All its unsurpassed characteristics are advertising chatter and psychological treatment of enemies. They say that criticism of our fleet and exaltation of our own in the American press had a great effect on S.G. Gorshkov and “helped” him (or the Americans?) sometimes in making decisions.

A page from the French yearbook for 1996.

The removal of a nuclear submarine from the boathouse to the transfer dock at the Lenin Komsomol shipyard in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Large nuclear multi-purpose submarine 1st rank B - 448 “TAMBOV”

The basis for the project of the next modification of the project - 671 RTM (code “Pike”) was based on studies to place in approximately the same dimensions a new generation of radio-technical weapons and a new SJSC “Skat” (chief designer B.B. Indin), which had three times the capabilities previous hydroacoustic systems - their detection range under normal hydrological conditions was 230 km. On-board noise receivers operating in passive mode were used, and an extended towed infrasound antenna was originally located in the tail bulb (nacelle). A new BIUS “Omnibus” was installed. Measures were taken to reduce the acoustic field through the introduction of fundamentally new solutions for depreciation (“disabling foundations”), decoupling of mechanisms and structures, the use of partitions for ventilation systems, vertical scuppers, and a demagnetization device. Increased autonomy from 60 to 80 days. The design of the deckhouse and light hull was strengthened to ensure floating in ice. The general arrangement of the compartments remains the same as on the previous modification.

All work was carried out under the guidance of G.I. Chernysheva. He probably holds the world record for the duration of construction of one type of boat on a basic project. Not a single boat of this type sank; all accidents were minor in scale and claimed a minimum number of lives. Since 1984, R.A. has been appointed chief designer of these projects. Shmakov.

The main observer from the Navy was Captain 2nd Rank G.V. Nikolaev, the construction of boats of the modernized project 671 RTM took place at the Admiralty Association (with completion at the Nerpa shipyard) and at the Lenin Komsomol shipyard in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (with completion at Big Stone). At SZLK (N 199) before this, a large series of nuclear missile carriers of projects 675, 667 A and B were built; at first, each ship was built completely, before withdrawal, in its own dock. With the increase in displacement, we switched to “dry” removal from the construction docks to a special transport and launching dock (TLD). In addition, the construction docks of boathouse “A”, which are smaller in size than the docks of other boathouses, were adapted to form large zonal blocks, which were transferred using a transborder to assemble boathouses “B” and “C”. Thus, when laying the boat, the hull readiness could be up to 40–44%. Technology and equipment for new project were mastered in the shortest possible time, the construction was carried out in a flow-position method; the submarine, ready for launching, did not float up from the supports of the slipway, but was rolled out of it by a ship-carrying train (on which, in fact, it was built) into the transport and launching dock. Then they produced in a special ladle mooring tests, after which the boat under its own power entered the transport dock, on which it was delivered to the delivery base in Bolshoi Kamen.

Amursky shipyard were led during this period by A.T. Deev, later Yu.Z. Kuchmin, military receivers O.S. Prokofiev and B.I. Polushin. Mention should also be made of the directors of LAO-B.E. Klopotova, I.I. Pirogova, V.N. Dubrovsky, heads of military acceptance G.L. Nebesova, V.V. Gordeeva, E.E. Nikolaeva, V.V. Colmo. A total of 26 units were built at two factories for this project, and the last one (Tambov) was already included in the Russian Navy. During construction to reduce noise emissions propeller the number of revolutions was reduced, almost all boats used a “tandem” design, consisting of two four-bladed propellers installed one behind the other. This scheme was tested on the K-387 built by Gorky. The length of the boat increased by 1 meter.

The main characteristics of the 671 RTM project are as follows: normal displacement - 4780 tons, underwater - 6990 tons, full underwater - 7250 tons. Maximum length - 106.1 m (107.1 m), light hull width - 10.78 m, width along stabilizers - 16.48 m, draft bow - 7.9 m, stern - 7.7 m, amidships - 7.8 m. Buoyancy reserve 28%, working depth 400 meters, maximum 600 meters. Underwater speed is 31 knots, surface speed is 11.6 knots. The power plant is similar to the previous modification - two reactors of type VM-4, GTZA-615 with a total power of 31,000 hp. s, 1 propeller 290 rpm, two auxiliary electric motors 375 hp each. at 500 rpm.

A new navigation complex “Medveditsa-671 RTM”, a new automated communication complex “Molniya-L”, a reconnaissance complex, a space communication complex “Tsunami-B”, and a CIUS “Omnibus” were installed. Armament: four 533-mm torpedo tubes (16 torpedoes 53-65K or SET-65, Shkval VA-111 missiles or 36 mines “Golets”), two 650 mm torpedo tubes (8 long-range torpedoes 65.-76) . Simulators of MG-74 “Korund” are also accepted. It is possible to transport and use special guided sabotage projectiles “Sirena”. A little later, the boats began adapting to the use of Granat strategic cruise missiles (launched from a 533-mm TA), which made it possible to launch high-precision strikes against enemy coastal targets and made them truly multi-purpose.

Crew - 27 officers, 34 midshipmen, 35 sailors and foremen. The commander of the lead boat K-524 V.V. Protopopov received the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1986. This type of ship was finally accepted into service on April 25, 1984. In fact, the project was transitional between the second generation boats (in terms of design solutions) and the third generation (in terms of armament and equipment), which undoubtedly helped later, building on the achieved level, to create our best nuclear attack submarines of Project 971.

The combat capabilities of submarines are carefully camouflaged, and the routes and missions of undetected ships are not discussed. Not a single submarine modern means cannot be invulnerable - that's clear. And yet they cannot help but evoke pride in our ships and military navy operations similar to “Aport”, when four similar boats of the 33rd division simultaneously left Zapadnaya Litsa: K-299, K-324, K-488, K-502, and a little later they were joined by K-147 (by the way, “clean ” 671). After almost an entire formation of nuclear-powered ships disappeared from the base, the Americans became alarmed. The search was carried out day and night, in three sectors - Bermuda (Brunswick Air Base), Azores (Lagens Air Base) and Canadian (Greenwood Base) and did not bring any results. The boats seemed to have sunk. But at the same time, as it turned out, they were doing hard work tracking US SSBNs, uncovering patrol areas of nuclear-powered ships, and studying the tactics of American aviation when searching for our boats. K-147 was “led” for six days by the American missile carrier Simon Bolivar, using acoustic and non-acoustic detection means. K-324 had three contacts. On our side, only K-488 (Project 671 RT) was discovered once, and only after returning. Similar results were achieved during Operation Atrina two days later, in 1987, by boats K-244, K-255, K-298, K-299, K-524. Later, commanders reported that sometimes it was impossible to surface for a communication session or raise the RKP shaft to replenish air reserves in the cylinders; there was a real hunt using absolutely all the forces and means of the NATO fleets, including three long-range hydroacoustic reconnaissance ships, providing coverage of the underwater situation with powerful underwater explosions (“Invincible”, “Stallworth”, “Indomiteble”). An additional six nuclear submarines departed from Norfolk, and three squadrons of anti-submarine aircraft departed from Brunswick. On the eighth day, the “Soviet curtain” was discovered. After this, it was allowed to fire LDTs ​​and GPD devices (false targets and hydroacoustic countermeasures), which, due to the fact that they are expensive, our crews usually do not use. Naturally, such “savings” led to the fact that half of the boats were no longer able to break away from the pursuing forces. And yet, analyzing the results of Atrina, the main headquarters of the Navy came to an unequivocal conclusion: the Americans do not have enough forces to completely control the ocean in the event of a mass exit of our submarines. This demonstration is not even of strength, but simply of the capabilities of our Navy, carried out with the sanction of Yu.V. Andropova, was, unfortunately, the last. Our current politicians simply do not imagine that, within the framework of ordinary exercises of nuclear submarines, one can skillfully influence the government of any country, including America, in the interests of one’s state...

K-147 (project 671), entered service on January 20, 1969, in 1984 modernized with the installation new system wake detection (SOKS). In 1985, using this system, the boat “led” an American SSBN for six days. The K-438 also underwent a similar modernization.

Cabin and retractable devices pr. 671 RTM:

1 - Antenna of the radio station “Anis”; 2 - direction finder; 3 - RCP; 4 - radio reconnaissance system; 5 - PJIK-101; 6 - communication antenna; 7 - television system MT-70; 8 - “Sintez” space communication station; 9 - periscope; 10 - wake tracking system (SOKS).

The large number of the series and high combat capabilities predetermined intense service in the Northern and Pacific fleets, turning 671 into “workhorses”. Only the reliability of the design, thoughtful placement, and ease of operation ensured their long service without serious accidents. And yet, constant trips wear out equipment. During the next inspections, boats that have not undergone repairs are underestimated and put into reserve, from which they are now rarely returned.

The official classification until July 25, 1977 considered ships of this type to be large submarines of the 1st rank. On August 29, 1991, this project was reclassified from cruising (K) again to large 1st rank (B) with a change in letter designations in tactical numbers. In the current state of affairs, it is clearly visible that their exploitation has begun “to the point of wear and tear” and they do not have long to live.

Currently, according to government decree N 514 of July 24, 1992, the Nerpa shipyard, which was previously engaged in their repair, has begun dismantling second-generation boats (the Zvezdochka plant cuts up missile carriers, Sevmashpredpriyatie specializes in titanium ships). The submarines K-481 (project 671) and K-479 (project 670M) have already been cut apart at Nerpa. In this case, the reactor compartments are equipped with additional buoyancy tanks and in this form are towed to Sayda Bay for long-term storage. This is a painstaking, expensive and unprofitable task, and approximately the same amount of money will have to be spent on cutting and complete disposal as on the construction of this fleet.

Numbers of ships related to Project 671: 38; 53; 138; 147; 218; 242; 244; 247; 251; 254; 255; 264; 292; 298; 299; 305; 306; 314; 323; 324; 355; 358; 360; 367; 369; 370; 371; 387; 388; 398; 412; 414; 438; 448; 454; 462; 467; 469; 481; 488; 492; 495; 502; 507; 513; 517; 524; 527.

The photo shows the reactor compartment of the Victor-1 class nuclear submarine at the Nerpa shipyard. Buoyancy tanks are welded to the aft and bow parts of the compartment. Next, the reactor compartment will be towed to Sayda Bay, a long-term storage site for reactor compartments of decommissioned nuclear submarines.

The construction of a slab for cutting nuclear submarines at the Nerpa plant was planned to be completed in 1996, but due to lack of funding, the delivery date for the facility has not been determined.

The Nerpa shipyard is located in Olenya Bay. The plant is engaged in repairs and technical maintenance operating nuclear submarines and civilian ships. Second-generation nuclear submarines are also being dismantled here.

Armament

SHKVAL VA -111 533 mm - 11 km (200 knots) nuclear warhead. pl ROCKET

53-65K. 533 mm - 19 km (45 knots) oxygen torpedo

SET-65. 53Zmm -15 km (40 knots) electric torpedo

SAET-65, 533 mm -13 km (42 knots) electric/torpedo (acoustic)

65–76 650 mm 50 km (50 kt) long range

RK-55 GRENADE. 533 mm strategic SLCM. 3000 km.

Corundum -2. 533 mm simulator 15 knots 30 min

PMR-2. 533 mm mine

Homing electric torpedoes SET-65 and SET-40

Designed to destroy submarines and can be used from both submarines and surface ships.

1 - guidance system, 2 - proximity fuse; 3 - contact fuse. 4 - explosive charge; 5 - battery; 6 - control devices 7 - electric motor

Project 671 On January 21, 1969, by government decree, Project 671 was officially adopted for service. This is a double-hulled boat with a “limousine” type deckhouse fencing characteristic of the SKB-143 and a developed stern tail. The robust housing, up to 35 mm thick, consists of

Project 671 RTM Modernization has shown the feasibility of further consistent improvement of this class of boats; the reserves for modernization laid down during the development of Project 671 made it possible to preserve the basic solutions for the creation of the next modification

Project No. 120 The private shipyard "Germany" in the town of Gaarden in Kiel belonged to the famous company F. Krupp and, being engaged in shipbuilding activities, was the second supplier of destroyers for the German fleet after F. Schichau. These numbered ships with the indices G. (Germania) and S ( Schichau)

Project The task for the Marine Technical Committee (MTK) to design a new armored ship for cruising purposes, which should have been built within the framework of the 1881 program, was formulated by the head of the Naval Ministry, Vice Admiral I.A. Shestakov, on May 18, 1882. From the author’s book

Project “K” The amazing successes achieved by German submarines in the first months of World War II led to the almost complete cessation of work on midget submarines. Few designers continued to work on dacha themes. among these few

Project VS-5 A certain Rudolf Ingelman, either a coffee trader or a dentist, in l 925 proposed the project schnellen Halb-Unlerseebool (high-speed semi-submersible submarine). Ingelman's submarine was intended for high-speed mail delivery across the Atlantic. In 1939 it was authorized

Project "K5" According to the program of the 1909 fiscal year, in July of the same year two similar types were laid down battleships, which, according to the project, had the index "K5", and were an improved version of the battleship "Neptune", although their older "brother" gave them his main drawback -

Project 604 During combat operations, submarine commanders, especially in the Baltic, repeatedly indicated in their reports that armament with mines would significantly expand the combat capabilities of submarines XII series. Taking into account the opinion of submariners, at the beginning of 1942 TsKB-18

Project “36” By the mid-1950s, it became obvious that two strategic bombers would have to be adopted – the M-4 and Tu-95. The first of them had greater speed and bomb load, the second had a greater range. The Soviet Union was never able to create

Project 628 The navy also began to take a closer look at the projectile aircraft. In the absence of aircraft carriers, projectile aircraft were practically the only means of attacking coastal targets. In addition, the possibility of equipping ship-based projectile aircraft with homing systems,

Project 644 With the adoption of the P-5 projectile aircraft, it began to be supplied to nuclear missile-carrying submarines, the first of which was the S-80. Before the refit, it was a rare ship in its own way: the first Soviet submarine built after the war according to the latest technology

Project 665 Design work on a more thorough reconstruction of the Project 613 into a carrier of P-5 projectile aircraft also began at TsKB-18, but due to the overload of the head organization of the industry with the design of fundamentally new boats, this topic was "inherited" to TsKB-112. At first

Project 659 All of the listed boats with P-5 missile aircraft were variations on the diesel-electric submarines of Project 613. Along with them, nuclear submarines of Project 659 were designed and built specifically for this missile weapon, as was another nuclear missile carrier

MULTI-PURPOSE NUCLEAR SUBMARINE PROJECT 671RTM

ATTACK SUBMARINE PROJECT 671RTM

16.04.2013
MODERNIZATION OF NOISY SUBMARINES OF PROJECT 671RTM RECOGNIZED INEFFICIENT

Glavkomat Navy will decommission the legendary nuclear submarines of Project 671RTM "Pike" by 2015. These boats were the main threat to American aircraft carriers in the 1980s, but in modern conditions turned out to be too noisy. The decision was made in March, after the Navy High Command worked through all the options for modernizing these boats and recognized them as unpromising.
“The entire contents of these boats need to be replaced, from the reactor to the hydroacoustic station. The hull also requires fine-tuning, because in these boats it is significantly worn out. Therefore, the cost of such modernization is approaching the cost of building a new boat,” explained Izvestia’s interlocutor.
He recalled that production of the Shchuk ended in 1992. These boats belong to the second generation of nuclear submarines; now all their peers - the Soviet submarines of the Lyra project and the American projects Sturgeon and Trasher - have been decommissioned.
Shchuk modernization projects were developed by several military research institutes and the Malakhit naval engineering bureau, which at one time created these submarines. Although a modernization project was presented, it turned out that their main drawback - great noise - could not be overcome.
“They contain technical solutions from the 1960s and 1970s, and in terms of noise levels the ships are significantly inferior to the American Los Angeles. Therefore, it will not be possible to modernize the submarines to the required parameters; it is better to spend the money on repairing third-generation ships of projects 971 “Shark” and 945 “Condor,” the source continued.
However, the submarine fleet values ​​​​Pikes. One of the Northern Fleet officers told Izvestia that they occupy a much-needed niche of multi-purpose nuclear-powered ships.
- There are about 70 boats in Russia, but if you don’t count strategic missile and diesel boats, as well as those undergoing repairs, there are no more than a dozen torpedo ships, and the tasks they face are big. Now there is nothing to replace the Pike - the Sharks are no longer produced, and the Yasen missiles are still being tested, says the officer.
Now all four remaining Project 671 boats are assigned to the Northern Fleet. "Daniil Moskovsky" and "Petrozavodsk" go to sea, and "Tambov" and "Obninsk" are at the pier due to the depletion of resources. The boats are armed with S-10 Granit cruise missiles.
Business newspaper "Izvestia"

20.05.2014


According to the blog zvezdochka-ru.livejournal.com of the press service of the Zvezdochka Ship Repair Center, on Friday, May 16, a docking operation was carried out at the Nerpa shipyard branch to launch the multi-purpose nuclear submarine Obninsk (project 671RTMK). At the end of the five-hour operation, Obninsk was moored to the pier, where the final stages of repairs will now be carried out.
Most of the work on dock repairs and restoration of the ship’s technical readiness is already behind us. The outfitting work and operation No. 2 will be carried out afloat. The nuclear submarine Obninsk is a delivery order for the current year.

The large nuclear submarine K-324 was on combat duty off the Atlantic coast of the United States in December 1983. "Avtonomka" was carried out in difficult conditions: there were problems with the water supply, the refrigeration unit was out of order, there was sweltering heat in the compartments... The crew of the boat was tasked with monitoring the frigate McCloy (Bronstein class) of the US Navy, which was testing a new underwater surveillance system, the Towed Array Surveillance System. (TASS) with an extended towed hydroacoustic low-frequency antenna. The K-324 submarine was able to record data on TASS operating parameters.

In addition, during the tracking, some features of the interaction of a US Navy surface ship with its submarines and components of a stationary long-range hydroacoustic detection system were revealed. But unexpectedly, McCloy stopped testing and returned to base. Left without work, K-324 received an order to move to another navigation area.

However, this was not possible - strong vibration arose, which required stopping the main turbine. After surfacing, the commander of the K-324 submarine saw that “Uncle Sam” had made an unexpected and very “valuable gift” - 400 meters of a top-secret armored cable from the TASS antenna was wound around the submarine’s propeller.

K-324 in "The Episode with the Antenna"

Naturally, the Soviet submarine, which surfaced in the area of ​​the American test site, was soon discovered by a “probable enemy.” By morning, the destroyers Nicholson and Peterson (Spruance class) arrived in the area of ​​the incident and established close custody of the K-324. Obviously, the commanders of these ships received a very specific task - by any means to prevent the Russians from getting their hands on the antenna. The “joint voyage” of the destroyers and the virtually powerless submarine lasted 10 days. The American military behaved more and more harshly (what else could they do?), trying to go behind the stern of the nuclear submarine in close proximity and cut off the antenna. Fearing that the destroyers would take more decisive action, the commander of the submarine, Captain of the Second Rank Terekhin, ordered his ship to be prepared for an explosion.

Only after the Aldan ship arrived to help the K-324 submarine did the situation calm down. Finally, the American command realized that it was unlikely that they would be able to return their antenna by peaceful means, and they did not want to start a third world war because of the “hose.” As a result, the destroyers were recalled, and the K-324 was towed by Aldan to Cuba, where it was put in for repairs. The ill-fated antenna was delivered to the USSR for detailed study.

The main “hero” of these events was the cruising submarine of Project 671RTM - the seventh ship in the series, built in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

In parallel with the start of work on the creation of fundamentally new Project 945 and Project 971 submarines, the Soviet Union made a very successful attempt to “squeeze” everything possible out of the design of the Project 671 and Project 671RT submarines. The basis of the modernized project 671RTM (the code "Pike" was assigned) was work on the installation of new radio-electronic weapons - a powerful hydroacoustic complex, a navigation complex, a combat information and control system, reconnaissance complex equipment, an automated communications complex, as well as measures to reduce unmasking fields ship. Project 671RTM, like the submarine missile cruiser 667BDRM, “moved” into the third generation of nuclear submarines.

Chernyshev (developer of boats 671 and 671RT) became the chief designer of the 671RTM project; Shmakov replaced him in 1984.

The most important element of the armament of the modernized nuclear submarine was to be the Shkval anti-submarine missile system, the development of which began in 1960 in accordance with the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU. The “ideologists” of the new complex were scientists from the Moscow branch of TsAGI named after. Professor N.E. Zhukovsky (today State Scientific Research Center TsAGI), in particular, Academician Logvinovich. Direct development was carried out by NII-24 (today SNPO Region). Project manager – chief designer I.L. Merkulov (later V.R. Serov, and E.D. Rakov completed the work).

The Shkval included an underwater super-high-speed missile that reached speeds of up to 200 knots, with a range of 11 thousand meters. These characteristics were achieved by using an engine that ran on hydro-reactive fuel and the movement of the projectile in a gas cavity, which ensured a reduction hydrodynamic resistance. The missile, which was equipped with a nuclear warhead, was controlled using an inertial system that is not sensitive to interference.

The first launches of this missile were carried out in 1964 on Lake Issyk-Kul, and on November 29, 1977, the VA-111 Shkval complex, equipped with an M-5 missile, was adopted by the Navy. It should be noted that to this day there are no analogues to this highly effective complex, which has an almost absolute probability of hitting targets that fall within its reach, in other countries.

The main power plant of the boat (31 thousand hp) was actually similar to the power plant of nuclear submarines of Project 671 (RT): two water-water reactors VM-4, GTZA-615, 290 rpm propeller, two auxiliary electric motors, each with a power of 375 hp. With.

We adopted an additional set of measures designed to increase the stealth of a nuclear submarine through the introduction of fundamentally new solutions for depreciation (the so-called “disconnection of foundations”), acoustic decoupling of structures and mechanisms. The submarine received a demagnetization device, which made it difficult for aircraft magnetometers to detect nuclear submarines.

"Skat-KS" is a hydroacoustic complex developed under the leadership of chief designer B.B. Indina - provided detection, classification of targets, and their automatic tracking during noise direction finding in the infrasound and audio frequency ranges. The complex made it possible to detect targets using echo direction finding with measuring the distance to them and provided the torpedo weapons with initial target designation data.

1 - main antenna of SJSC "Skat-KS"; 2 - 533 mm TA; 3 - 650 mm TA; 4 - torpedo loading hatch; 5 - bow (torpedo) compartment; 6 - bow emergency buoy; 7 - bow hatch; 8 - fencing for spare torpedoes and fast loading devices; 9 - spare 533 mm torpedo; 10 - spare 650 mm torpedo; 11 - bubble-free torpedo firing tank; 12 - bow trim tank; 13 - hardware enclosure for control devices for rocket and torpedo and torpedo firing "Ladoga 1V-671RT" and SJSC "Skat-KS"; 14 - AB; 15 - Central City Hospital; 16 - second (living) compartment; 17 - third (central post) compartment; 18 - antennas of SJSC "Skat-B"; 19 - navigation bridge; 20 - gyrocompass repeater; 21 - periscope of the MT-70-10 complex; 22 - PMU "Sintez" (space navigation systems); 23 - PMU antenna SORS "Zaliv-P"; 24 - PMU antenna of the Albatross radar; 25 - PMU antenna of the direction finder “Zavesa”; 26 – PMU antenna “Anis”; 27 - durable cabin; 28 - central post; 29 - enclosures for radio-electronic weapons and acoustics; 30 - partitions auxiliary equipment and general ship systems (bilge pumps, general ship hydraulic system pumps, converters and air conditioners); 31 - fourth (reactor) compartment; 32 - reactor with steam generators, circulation pumps and biological protection tanks; 33 – VVABT “Paravan” and its winch; 34 - fifth (turbine) compartment; 35 - steam turbine; 36 - planetary gearbox; 37 - main thrust bearing; 38 - capacitor; 39 - cylinders of the VVD system; 40 - sixth (electromechanical and auxiliary equipment) compartment; 41 - aft hatch; 42 - stern emergency buoy; 43 - seventh (living) compartment; 44 - eighth (propeller and steering gears) compartment; 45 - aft trim tank; 46 - drives of horizontal rudders; 47 - vertical stabilizers; 48 - gondola of UPV "Ruza-P" GPBA SJSC "Skat-KS"; 49 - ATG; 50 - drives of the stern horizontal rudders; 51 - VFT (auxiliary propulsors)

The Skat-KS complex was three times superior in its capabilities to hydroacoustic systems of the previous generation and approached American-developed complexes (although it continued to be inferior in terms of weight and size characteristics). The target detection range under normal hydrological conditions was 230 kilometers. On-board noise receivers were used, which operated in passive mode, and a towed extended infrasound antenna, which, when folded, was placed in a bulb-shaped special. container, which is located above the vertical tail of the submarine.

The Medveditsa-671RTM navigation complex provided continuous automatic generation of course, location coordinates, speed relative to ground and water, pitch and roll angles, as well as automatic transmission of these parameters to other ship systems.

The combat information and control system "Omnibus" carried out automated collection, processing and visual display of information that ensured decision-making on combat use weapons and maneuvering, as well as missile and torpedo firing control.

The submarine was equipped with a Molniya-L (automated communications complex) with a Tsunami-B (space communications system), and a special reconnaissance complex.

The armament of the Project 671RTM nuclear submarine included 4 torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber and 2 of 650 mm caliber. Project 671RTM submarines used new anti-submarine systems. Also, the nuclear submarine carried special guided sabotage missiles “Sirena” as well as other “special purpose” weapons, most of which had no analogues in the world. In particular, in the OKB im. Kamov in 1975 created a single-seat folding helicopter Ka-56, which was intended for the transfer of saboteurs, and capable of being fired from a 533-mm TA of a submerged submarine.

It was decided to organize the construction of Project 671RTM submarines simultaneously at the Admiralty Association in Leningrad (with subsequent finishing at the Zvyozdochka shipyard) and at the SZLK in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (with completion at the shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen).

Technical characteristics of the Project 671RTM nuclear submarine:
Maximum length – 106.1 m (107.1 m);
Maximum width – 10.8 m;
Average draft – 7.8 m;
Normal displacement – ​​6990 m3;
Total displacement – ​​7250 m3;
Buoyancy reserve – 28.0%;
Maximum diving depth – 600 m;
Working immersion depth – 400 m;
Full submerged speed – 31.0 knots;
Surface speed - 11.6 knots;
Autonomy – 80 days;
Crew - 92 people (the number of crew members varied depending on the RTMK or RTM project).

The creation of Project 671RTM submarines in the USSR coincided with the beginning of the American program for the construction of third-generation multipurpose nuclear submarines of the SSN-688 type, which became the most massive nuclear submarines in the world (in 1996, the American Navy received the last, sixty-second nuclear submarine of this type), equipped with a powerful AN sonar /BQQ-5. "Los Angeles" (lead ship of the series, displacement 6080/6927 tons, maximum speed 31 knots, diving depth up to 450 meters, armament of 4 TA 533 mm with ammunition of 26 missile-torpedoes and torpedoes) joined the US Navy in 1976.

New American submarines continued to surpass their Soviet counterparts in terms of sonar characteristics and level of stealth. But this gap, according to the Americans, has narrowed significantly and is no longer of a “dramatic” nature. At the same time, the nuclear submarines of the US Navy were actually equal to the submarines of the USSR in terms of maximum underwater speed (but were inferior in maximum depth). At the same time, the “Pikes” had better combat survivability and maneuverability. They also had some advantages in armament. Thanks to the higher level complex automation Project 671RTM submarines had a smaller crew compared to the Los Angeles, which made it possible to create the Shchuk on board Better conditions habitability. According to experts, the submarines of the SSN-688 and 671RTM projects were generally equivalent ships.

Project 671PTMK nuclear submarines built in Leningrad:
K-524 – laying down 06/07/76, launching 06/31/77, acceptance by the Navy 12/28/77 (from 1982 to 1991 it was called “60 years of Komsomol patronage”);
K-502 – laying down 07/23/79, launching 08/17/80, acceptance by the Navy 12/31/80 (since 1999 “Volgograd”);
K-254 – laying down 09/24/77, launching 09/06/79, reception by the Navy 09/18/81;
K-527 – laying down 09/28/78, launching 06/24/81, reception by the Navy 12/30/81;
K-298 – laying down 02.25.81, launching 07.14.82, received by the Navy 12.27.82;
K-358 – laying down 07/23/82, launching 07/15/83, acceptance by the Navy 12/29/83 (from 1982 to 1991 - “Murmansk Komsomolets”);
K-299 – laying down 07/01/83, launching 06/29/84, received by the Navy 12/22/84;
K-244 – laying down 12/25/84, launching 07/09/85, received by the Navy 12/25/85;
K-292 – laying down 04/15/86, launching 04/29/87, received by the Navy 11/27/87 (built according to project 671RTMK);
K-388 – laying down 05/08/87, launching 06/03/88, acceptance by the Navy 11/30/88 (built according to project 671RTMK);
K-138 – laying 07.12.88, launching 05.08.89, acceptance by the Navy 10.05.90 (built according to project 671RTMK, from 05.2000 - “Obninsk”);
K-414 – laying down 12/01/88, launching 08/31/90, received by the Navy 12/30/90 (built according to project 671RTMK);
K-448 – laying down 01/31/91, launching 10/17/91, received by the Navy 09/24/92 (built according to project 671RTMK).
Project 671PTMK nuclear submarines built in Komsomolsk-on-Amur:
K-247 – laying down 07/15/76, launching 08/13/78, received by the Navy 12/30/78;
K-507 – laying down 09/22/77, launching 10/01/79, reception by the Navy 11/30/79;
K-492 – laying down 02/23/78, launching 07/28/79, reception by the Navy 12/30/79;
K-412 – laying down 10/29/78, launching 09/06/79, reception by the Navy 12/30/79;
K-251 – laying down 06.26.79, launching 05.03.80, received by the Navy 08.30.80;
K-255 – laying down 11/07/79, launching 07/20/80, reception by the Navy 12/26/80;
K-324 – laying down 02/29/80, launching 10/07/80, reception by the Navy 12/30/80;
K-305 – laying down 06/27/80, launching 05/17/81, reception by the Navy 09/30/81;
K-355 – laying down 12/31/80, launching 08/08/81, reception by the Navy 12/29/81;
K-360 – laying down 05/08/81, launching 04/27/82, reception by the Navy 11/07/82;
K-218 – laying down 06/03/81, launching 07/24/82, received by the Navy 12/28/82;
K-242 – laying down 06/12/82, launching 04/29/83, acceptance by the Navy 10/26/83 (from 1982 to 1991 - “50 years of Komsomolsk-on-Amur”);
K-264 – laying down 04/03/83, launching 06/08/84, received by the Navy 10/26/84.

The development of Project 671RTM submarines in the fleets has been somewhat delayed. The reason for this was the lack of development of the Omnibus combat information and control system: until the mid-1980s. the system could not fully solve the tasks assigned to it. On early-built submarines, the Omnibus was completed during the operation of the boats, which significantly limited combat capabilities.

The most important improvement that was introduced in the 671RTM project was the use of a fundamentally new type of weapon - strategic small-sized subsonic cruise missiles "Granat", the maximum firing range of which was 3 thousand m. Equipping nuclear submarines with cruise missiles turned them into multipurpose ships, which could solve a wide range of problems not only in conventional, but also in nuclear war. The Granat cruise missiles were virtually no different from standard torpedoes in terms of weight and size characteristics. This made it possible to use “Granat” from standard torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber.

The last five submarines built in Leningrad were put into operation according to the 671RTMK project (the weapons complex was supplemented with cruise missiles). Subsequently, the KR was retrofitted with the remaining Project 671RTM submarines.

PLA pr.671-RTM in the database

Some boats were given “proper names” after they entered service. K-414 has been called “Daniil Moskovsky” since 1996, K-448 (the last nuclear submarine of Project 671RTM, commissioned after the collapse of the USSR) since 04/10/1995 has been called “Tambov”. The nuclear submarine K-138 is called “Obninsk”.

Perhaps the most striking fragment in the biography of Project 671RTM boats was their participation in the major operations Atrina and Aport, carried out by the 33rd Division in the Atlantic and significantly shaking the confidence of the United States in the ability of its Navy to solve anti-submarine missions.

On May 29, 1985, three submarines of Project 671RTM (K-502, K-324, K-299), as well as the submarine K-488 (Project 671RT), simultaneously left Zapadnaya Litsa on May 29, 1985. Later they were joined by the Project 671 nuclear submarine K-147. Of course, the entry of a whole group of nuclear submarines into the ocean could not go unnoticed by US naval intelligence. An intensive search began, but it did not bring the expected results. At the same time, Soviet nuclear-powered submarines, operating secretly, themselves monitored the missile submarines of the US Navy in their combat patrol area (for example, the K-324 nuclear submarine had three hydroacoustic contacts with a US nuclear submarine, for a total duration of 28 hours). In addition, the submarines studied the tactics of the American anti-submarine warfare. The Americans managed to establish contact only with K-488 returning to the base. On July 1, Operation Aport ended.

In March-June 1987, Operation Atrina, similar in scope, was carried out, in which five Project 671RTM submarines took part - K-244 (under the command of captain of the second rank V. Alikov), K-255 (under the command of captain of the second rank B.Yu. Muratov), ​​K-298 (under the command of captain of the second rank Popkov), K-299 (under the command of captain of the second rank N.I. Klyuev) and K-524 (under the command of captain of the second rank A.F. Smelkov). The submarines' operations were supported by naval aviation aircraft and two Kolguev-class reconnaissance ships, which are equipped with hydroacoustic systems with extended (towed) antennas. Although the Americans learned about the departure of nuclear submarines from Western Litsa, they lost them in the North Atlantic. The “underwater hunt” began again, which involved almost all the anti-submarine forces of the American Atlantic Fleet - shore- and deck-based aircraft, six anti-submarine nuclear submarines (in addition to the submarines already deployed by the United States Navy in the Atlantic), 3 powerful ship-based search engines group and 3 of the newest Stallworth-class vessels (hydroacoustic survey ships), which used powerful underwater explosions to generate a hydroacoustic pulse. Ships of the English fleet were involved in the search operation. According to the stories of commanders of domestic submarines, the concentration of anti-submarine forces was so large that it seemed impossible to surface for air pumping and a radio communication session. Despite this, the nuclear submarines managed to reach the Sargasso Sea area undetected, where the Soviet “veil” was finally discovered.

PLA pr.671-RTM at demonstration exercises. In the background is SSBN pr.941

The Americans managed to establish the first contacts with submarines only eight days after Operation Atrina began. Project 671RTM nuclear submarines were mistakenly mistaken for strategic missile submarines, which only increased the concern of the US naval command and the country's political leadership (it must be recalled that these events occurred at the peak of the Cold War, which at any time could turn into "hot") While returning to base to separate from the anti-submarine forces of the US Navy, submarine commanders were allowed to use secret sonar countermeasures.

The success of Operations Atrina and Operations Aport confirmed the assumption that the United States Navy, with massive use Soviet Union modern nuclear submarines will not be able to organize any effective counteraction to them.

At the end of 1985, the most difficult under-ice voyage was made by K-524 under the command of captain first rank V.V. Protopopov, the senior on board is the commander of the thirty-third division, captain of the first rank Shevchenko. The idea of ​​the campaign was to go to the Atlantic Ocean from the Arctic Ocean, bypassing Greenland from the northeast. The submarine commander was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for this campaign.

The submarine, entering the Lincoln Sea, passed through the shallow and narrow Robeson and Kennedy Straits, which separate Greenland from Grant Land and Grinnell Land, passed through the Kane Basin and entered Baffin Bay through Smith Strait, after which it set off into the North Atlantic.

The route was dangerous and extremely difficult. It was replete with shoals, as well as icebergs, which were abundantly thrown up by the Greenland glaciers. Because of the icebergs in the Baffin Sea, there were no safe depths. The only reliable means of information in these conditions was hydroacoustics.

K-524, already in the Atlantic, met with the US Navy aircraft carrier America and covertly “attacked” it (conditionally, of course). The duration of the trip was 80 days, of which 54 were at depths of over 150 meters under the ice. For his participation in this operation, captain first rank Protopopov received the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

Project 671RTM submarines were the first to master transpolar passages to the Northern theater from the Pacific.

In 1981–1983, in order to optimally distribute multi-purpose nuclear submarines between fleets, these transitions were carried out by the K-255 submarines built in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (ship commander captain of the second rank Ushakov), K-324 (captain of the second rank Terekhin), K- 218 (captain of the second rank Avdeychik).

At the beginning of 1989, in accordance with Soviet-American agreements, weapons equipped with nuclear warheads were removed and stored from multipurpose nuclear submarines of the American Navy and the Soviet Navy. As a result, Project 671RTM submarines lost the “Granat” and “Shkval”.

Project 671RTM ships took part in solving both military and purely peaceful problems. For example, “Daniil Moskovsky” under the command of captain first rank P.I. Litvin, after ensuring missile launches from the North Pole area of ​​the underwater heavy cruiser TK-20, was delivered to covered with ice Kharasavey port at the end of August 1995 10 tons of flour and sugar.

On August 29, 1991, for nuclear submarines of projects 671, 671RT, 671RTM, 945, 945A, 670M, the letter “K” in the tactical number was replaced by the letter “B”.

In the mid-1990s. Project 671RTM boats began to be gradually withdrawn from the Navy's operational inventory. On July 31, K-247, K-492, K-412, which in total made 12, 10 and 6 autonomous cruises, were excluded from the Pacific Fleet. K-305, after a fire that occurred in 1994 in the turbine compartment, did not return to service, and became part of the maintenance team. reserve.

However, the “Pikes”, being at a respectable age, continued to demonstrate their high combat qualities. This is evidenced by an incident that occurred in the winter of 1996, 150 miles from the Hebrides. On February 29, the Russian Embassy in London appealed to the command of the British Navy with a request to provide assistance to a submarine sailor (commander captain first rank Ivanisov), who underwent surgery on board the boat to remove appendicitis, followed by peritonitis (his treatment is possible only in a hospital setting). Soon the patient was redirected to the shore by a Lynx helicopter from the destroyer Glasgow. However, the British media were not so much moved by the manifestation of naval cooperation between Russia and Great Britain, as they expressed bewilderment at the fact that while negotiations were being held in London, NATO meetings were taking place in the North Atlantic, in the area where the Russian Navy submarine was located. anti-submarine maneuvers (by the way, the Glasgow EM also took part in them). But the nuclear-powered submarine was detected only after it floated to the surface to transfer the sailor to the helicopter. According to the Times newspaper, the Russian submarine demonstrated its stealth while tracking anti-submarine forces. It is noteworthy that the British mistook the Pike for a more modern (lower noise) submarine of the 971st project.

The Northern Fleet in 1999 included the submarines B-138, B-255, B-292, B-388, B-14, B-448, B-502 and B-524. The Pacific Fleet included B-264, B-305.

By 2006, five boats of this type were serving in the Northern Fleet. Most of the rest are under conservation.