It has been repeatedly noted that in the Navy of the USSR there was an amazing dependence: the smaller the warship was, the more useful it was.
It is still not clear what the heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers of the USSR Navy were. Huge ships with a displacement of under 50 thousand tons, they left behind only a bitter annoyance: the high complexity and high cost, the lack of coastal infrastructure for their deployment and, in general, the unclear purpose made the TAVKRs ineffective and, quite simply, useless - none of the tasks originally assigned to them TAVKRs to solve they could not, and those tasks that were within their power were solved in much cheaper and more efficient ways.

Soviet cruisers and BODs acted much more confidently. The ships carried out military service in all corners of the oceans, were regularly in combat zones and vigilantly watched the forces of the "probable enemy". Some even managed to “touch” the enemy live: in 1988, a modest BOD of the 2nd rank (guard) “Selfless” fell on the deck of the USS Yorktown missile cruiser with a steel flurry, demolished half of its side, a crew boat and the Mk-141 installation for launching the Harpoon anti-ship missiles . American sailors had to postpone their Black Sea cruises until better times.

Today, the “Selfless” rests on the bottom, and US Navy ships are free to conduct Sea Breeze exercises in the Black Sea. The Montreux Convention prohibits the presence of warships of non-Black Sea states in the Black Sea for a period of more than 21 days, but the formality does not bother the Americans much - once every three weeks the ships go to the Sea of ​​Marmara, and after a few hours they return back. Thus, the rescue ship "Gresp" of the US Navy has been carrying out diving operations in the port of Odessa since May 2012.

If the ships of the main classes adequately represented the interests of the USSR in the vastness of the ocean, then the Soviet-built missile boats, to put it in Internet jargon, were simply burned. In the literal sense, the destroyers burned, transport ships, boats ... Any enemy was allowed into consumption. Small boats were actively supplied to the navies of third world countries, which further increased the likelihood of their combat use.
Sometimes it seems to me that the sinking of the destroyer Eilat is given too much importance - missile boats have other great victories. For example, the daring raids on Karachi by missile boats of the Indian Navy (Soviet Project 205) in December 1970. Several Pakistani warships and three transports were sunk. In conclusion, a magnificent firework was given - P-15 rockets blew up 12 huge tanks located on the shore of an oil storage facility.
The development of electronics and rocket technology has made it possible to create an even more formidable. The evolution of missile boats in the USSR led to the creation of a completely new class of warships - a project of a small missile ship with an easy-to-remember code 1234.

Gadfly

A clot of combat matter with a total displacement of 700 tons. Full speed 35 knots. The cruising range of the economic course allows you to cross the Atlantic Ocean (4000 miles at 12 knots). Crew - 60 people.
It is no coincidence that MRK pr.1234 was called "a pistol at the temple of imperialism." The main caliber is six launchers of P-120 Malachite anti-ship missiles! The name of the complex directly indicates the estimated firing range - 120 km. The starting weight of the monstrous ammunition is 5.4 tons. The mass of the warhead is 500 kg, some of the missiles were equipped with a special warhead. The marching speed of the rocket is 0.9M.

Even with the naked eye, you can see how overloaded the ship is with weapons and combat systems. As for the sober assessment of RTOs pr.1234, the sailors were ambivalent about these ships: on the one hand, the salvo is equal in power to several Hiroshima, on the other hand, low survivability, poor seaworthiness and very little chance of reaching the distance of a missile attack. The command of the US Navy was skeptical about the "missile frigates": AUG aviation surveys 100 thousand square kilometers of space in an hour - the Russians must be great optimists in order to expect to approach unnoticed. The situation was aggravated by the standard problem in naval combat - target designation and guidance. RTOs' own radio-electronic means make it possible to detect surface targets at a distance of the radio horizon (30-40 km). Firing missiles at full range is possible with the presence of external means of target designation (for example, Tu-95RTs aircraft). And yet, the enormous power of these small ships forced even the US 6th Fleet to reckon with them. Since 1975, small missile ships have been regularly included in the 5th operational squadron of the Black Sea Fleet: numerous and ubiquitous, they created many problems for American sailors.
Despite its direct purpose - the fight against the ships of the "probable enemy" in the closed seas and the near ocean zone - RTOs pr. 1234 successfully performed the tasks of protecting the state border, provided combat training aviation and navy, and were even used as anti-submarine ships, while not having on board specialized means to combat submarines.

SAM "Osa-M"

The dimensions of the hull of export ships pr.1234E remained the same. The power plant consisted of three diesel engines with a capacity of 8600 liters each. s, providing a full speed of 34 knots. (on the basic project there were engines with a capacity of 10 thousand hp) The crew was reduced to 49 people. On export modifications of RTOs to improve living conditions crew were first installed air conditioners and an additional refrigerator.

RTOs of the Algerian Navy "Reis Ali" pr. 1234E

Results in dash: Ivanov → milk, Petrov → milk, Sidorov → Petrov

Many of the expired P-15 missiles ended their careers as aerial targets to provide combat training for anti-aircraft gunners. When the missile was transformed into the RM-15M target, the homing head was turned off on it, and the warhead was replaced with ballast. On April 14, 1987, the Pacific Fleet conducted combat training exercises to practice repelling a missile attack. Everything happened in all seriousness: RTOs "Musson", RTOs "Whirlwind" and MPK No. 117 formed a warrant on which missile boats fired from a distance of 21 km.
It is still not clear how this could happen. The means of self-defense failed to repel the attack, and the target missile with an inert warhead hit the superstructure of the Monsoon RTO. Some witnesses of the tragedy had the impression that the homing head of the target missile was not turned off. This was evidenced by the flight path of the rocket and its "behavior" on the final stage. From this, the conclusion was drawn: criminal negligence was committed at the base, forgetting to turn off the missile seeker. The official version says that somehow by chance, flying along a ballistic trajectory, the rocket hit the Monsoon RTO without aiming. The invisible hand of providence, the ship was destined to die on this day.

Death of the Monsoon

After checking the temperature of the bulkheads in the area of ​​the 33rd frame, behind which there was a cellar with anti-aircraft missiles, and making sure that the bulkheads were hot, the sailors realized that there was nothing to help the ship.
At night, the Monsoon RTO sank 33 miles south of about. Askold, taking the burnt bodies of 39 people to a depth of 3 kilometers.

After the death of the Sheffield URO destroyer in 1982 from an unexploded Exocet missile, Western military experts concluded that a large number of various combustible materials, in particular aluminum alloys, contributed to the rapid spread of fire. Since 1985 superstructures American ships covered with silicate felt insulation combined with fiberglass. English engineers developed an insulation called "counterflame" to protect structures from fire. However, AMG alloys are still widely used in shipbuilding.

And this could be called an accident, but apparently once was not enough. On April 19, 1990, training and combat firing was carried out in the Baltic to practice repelling a missile attack. Under similar circumstances, the target missile hit the Meteor RTO, knocking down several antennas on the ship's superstructure. Fly it a little lower - and the tragedy could happen again.

"Missile corvettes" in battle

During the incident in the Gulf of Sidra (1986), the American cruiser USS Yorktown (the same Black Sea "hero") discovered a small target 20 miles from Benghazi. It was the Libyan RTO "Ein Zakuit", crept up to the Americans in radio silence, simulating a fishing boat. Even a short-term (only two turns of the antenna) inclusion of the radar unmasked a small missile ship and thwarted the attack. The launch of two missiles "Harpoon" RTO was set on fire and sank after 15 minutes. There is still no exact description of that battle: some sources attribute the death of RTOs to the successful actions of carrier-based aircraft. The Americans also call another small missile ship destroyed by aircraft "Entrance". It is reliably known that another Ein Mara RTO was damaged in this battle - it had to undergo emergency repair with the elimination of combat damage at the Primorsky Plant in Leningrad, in 1991 it returned to the Libyan fleet again under the name "Tariq ibn Ziyad ".

"Ein Zakuit"

The naval battle off the coast of Abkhazia on August 10, 2008 was the first serious combat clash of the Russian Navy in the 21st century. Here is a brief chronology of those events:
On the night of August 7-8, 2008, a detachment of ships of the Black Sea Fleet went to sea from the Sevastopol Bay and headed for Sukhumi. The detachment included the large landing ship "Caesar Kunikov" with a reinforced company of marines on board, and its escort - MRK "Mirage" and a small anti-submarine ship "Muromets". Already in the campaign, they were joined by the large landing ship Saratov, which set off from Novorossiysk.
On August 10, five high-speed Georgian boats left the port of Poti to meet them. Their task is to attack and sink our ships. The attack tactics are known: fast small boats equipped with powerful anti-ship missiles suddenly strike at a large landing craft and leave. With a successful scenario, the result is "shock and awe." Hundreds of dead paratroopers, a burned-out ship and Saakashvili's victorious reports: "We prevented the intervention", "The Russians do not have a fleet, they are not capable of anything." But it turned out the opposite. "News" managed to collect detailed information from the participants of this battle:
18 hours 39 minutes. Russian radar reconnaissance discovered several fast-moving targets on a combat course towards the formation of our ships.
18.40. Enemy boats approached a critical distance. Then from the flagship "Caesar Kunikov" a volley was fired from the MLRS A-215 "Grad". This does not stop the Georgians, they add speed and try to reach the so-called " dead zone where rocket weapons are useless. The Mirage small missile ship is ordered to destroy the enemy. The distance to the target is 35 kilometers. Preparation for the strike, calculations - everything was done in just a few minutes. Naval combat is always fleeting.
18.41. The commander of the "Mirage" gives the command "Volley!". The first rocket went to the target. A few seconds later - the second. Flight time to the Georgian boat "Tbilisi" is only 1 minute 20 seconds. The distance between the opponents is about 25 kilometers.
The hit of the first rocket in the engine room of the boat "Tbilisi". A second later - another report - hitting the second in the wheelhouse. On the radar of our ship for 30 seconds there was a strong flare, which means the complete destruction of the target, accompanied by a large release of thermal energy.
18.50. The commander of the Mirage gives the command to change position. ship on high speed leaves towards the coast, makes a U-turn and again falls on the combat course. The radar shows only 4 targets. One of them, a Georgian boat, having increased its speed, is again approaching our ship. "Mirage" opens fire from the "Osa" air defense system.
At this time, the distance was reduced to 15 kilometers. The missile hit the side of the Georgian boat, which immediately began to smoke, slowed down and tried to leave the line of fire. The rest of the Georgian ships disengage from the battle, turning sharply in the opposite direction. Mirage does not pursue a downed enemy, there is no order to finish off.

From the report of the commander of the Mirage MRK to the flagship: “Of the five targets, one was destroyed, one was damaged, three were out of combat. The consumption of missiles: anti-ship - two, anti-aircraft - one, there are no losses among the personnel. There is no damage to the ship."

As of 2012, the Russian Navy has 10 RTOs pr.1234.1 and 1 RTOs pr.1234.7. Considering the difficult state of the domestic Navy, these modest ships are good support - their operation does not require large expenses, at the same time, they have fully retained their combat qualities, which once again confirmed the naval battle off the coast of Abkhazia.
The main thing is not to set impossible tasks for small missile ships; other means should be used to counter aircraft carrier strike groups.

RTO "Zyb" at the parade in St. Petersburg

From its birth in 1967, Project 1234 turned out to be extremely controversial and elevating the Soviet desire for specialized ships to an absolute - it was not without reason that a separate class was created specifically for it. Previously unseen "ship hunters" immediately attracted the attention of military experts around the world, who vigorously discussed the question: what is the Soviet "toothy baby" in fact - a "pistol at the temple of capitalism" or an easy target? These controversies do not subside to this day, when the domestic fleet is at a crossroads: whether to continue the Soviet tradition or switch to the Western paradigm of multifunctional ships?

Inherited from Soviet Union our fleet got 15 small missile ships (RTOs): 13 RTOs of project 12341 and two hovercraft RTOs of project 1239. The distribution of hulls by fleet looks like this: three - in the Northern Fleet, four - in the Pacific Fleet, four - in the Baltic Fleet and four - in the Black Sea Fleet (two ships of project 12341 and two projects 1239). As a result, today this class of ships is one of the most numerous in the fleet. It is noteworthy that every single one is in service.

However, the need for these ships is the subject of much debate and controversy. Many people think that in modern concept fleet, such highly specialized ships should be replaced by multi-purpose corvettes. The combat effectiveness of RTOs in the face of powerful electronic countermeasures and the presence of ground attack aircraft in the enemy is also questioned. In addition, today the tasks of RTOs in the same way can be performed by fighter-bomber aircraft and coastal missile systems. How justified are these doubts and is the age of RTOs really over?

Advantages and disadvantages

To begin with, you should understand the advantages and disadvantages of small missile ships, applying them to modern realities.

The first and most basic advantage is powerful missile weapons. The main caliber of MRK project 1234 - six missiles P-120 "Malachite" reach a speed of M = 1 and have a maximum range of up to 150 km, the guidance system is active radar with a "safety net" IR sensor. With a powerful warhead (WB) and impressive speed, these missiles are capable of taking out quite large ships, such as a destroyer (EM) and, with several hits, even a missile cruiser (RKR).

For example, during the Krym-76 exercise, two missiles were enough to sink a decommissioned Project 30 bis destroyer with a displacement of 2,300 tons, thereby demonstrating excellent guidance accuracy. An important advantage is the relatively large ammunition load, which makes it possible to produce massive volleys.

However, the P-120 missiles also have significant shortcomings.. First of all, we can note the insufficient launch range compared to some classmates, for example, for the closest competitors - Exocet and Harpoon missiles, it is 180 and 315 km, respectively. In addition, the considerable size of the rocket itself imposes significant restrictions: on the experimental Nakat RTO of project 1234.7, armed with relatively small P-800 Oniks missiles, it was possible to place twice as many launchers.

Further, the very ability to use weapons at maximum range depends on reliable target designation (TA). The capabilities of the airborne radar do not allow to give a clear control center at extreme ranges, therefore it was initially assumed that RTOs would receive more accurate information from reconnaissance aircraft Tu-95RTs and other ships.

The next indisputable advantage of the 1234 project is its excellent speed and mobility.. The relatively small displacement and powerful engine allow it to reach a top speed of 35 knots along with good agility. In combination with a relatively large navigation autonomy (10 days), this gives RTOs advantages both at the operational level - you can quickly transfer combat units to the right directions, and in battle, where good maneuverability allows, for example, to evade a torpedo or be the first to take a position for rocket launch. However, these qualities inherited from the boat turn into very mediocre seaworthiness. Nevertheless, for operations in the coastal and near-ocean zone, it is quite sufficient.

Another important factor is production. Project 1234 ships are relatively inexpensive, can be built at almost any military shipyard capable of producing a ship with a displacement of up to a thousand tons, and the construction period under emergency circumstances and under the stress of all possibilities will be within three to four months. This combination distinguishes RTOs from all other classes, except for boats.

But along with these advantages, RTOs are not without very significant drawbacks:

- the first and most important - the almost complete defenselessness of such a ship from air attacks. Of the anti-aircraft artillery weapons, it has only one six-barreled 30-mm AK-630 installation and one 76-mm AK-176 (very conditional as an air defense weapon), and from the missile - the Osa-M air defense system, which has a firing range of no more 10 km. As experience shows, including real combat, the probability of intercepting an enemy anti-ship missile (ASM) by these means is small, not to mention the possibility of fighting directly with strike aircraft.

- The second drawback is the low survivability of RTOs: as shown by the tragic experience of the "Musson", who died during the exercises when hit by a P-15 missile with an inert warhead, the ship is very fire hazardous due to the hull material - aluminum-magnesium alloy. Small sizes cause insufficient buoyancy and safety margin. As a result, many consider RTOs to be "disposable" ships - for one volley.

Application possibilities

Paradoxically, for all its narrow specialization, the Project 1234 small rocket ship is relatively versatile. In the conditions of a large-scale conflict in the ocean theater, several options for using RTOs are possible:

- due to their powerful weapons, these ships are able to support overcoming the air defense of a large enemy ship formation, making a significant contribution by launching six P-120 missiles;

- using their speed and mobility, RTOs can operate as part of the "hit and run" tactics, making surprise attacks on transport convoys, landing craft and destroyers of anti-aircraft defense and anti-missile defense;

— escort and protection of own convoys.

All three of these options run into the already identified drawback: the firing range. It is difficult to assume that RTOs will be able to approach, for example, an aircraft carrier strike group at a distance of 120 km and survive: even on the approaches, it will be guaranteed to be detected and destroyed by carrier-based aircraft, unlike carriers of large anti-ship missiles of the P-500 and P-700 types, capable of opening fire for 500 km.

The second tactic also has vulnerabilities. The first of these could be the return fire of more long-range anti-ship missiles (for example, the Harpoon widely used on NATO ships). On board destroyers and escort frigates, a helicopter armed with short-range anti-ship missiles is possible (Penguin and Sea Skua missiles can be launched at a range of 28 and 25 km, respectively). As noted above, the anti-aircraft capabilities of a small missile ship are not enough to guarantee the repulsion of such an attack.

A similar situation develops when using RTOs in defense: in modern conditions the attack on the convoy will most likely be carried out with the help of strike aircraft. Only our own fighter-interceptors can effectively deal with this threat.

But the main factor limiting the use of a small missile ship in the conditions described is the need for accurate target designation, and, consequently, active interaction with other parts of the fleet, including in conditions of powerful electronic suppression. For full-fledged work, it is necessary to provide AWACS or support a larger surface ship armed with a target designator helicopter.

Another logical role for RTOs could be coastal defense. In many ways, ships of this type fit well into the requirements for a guard ship: good artillery armament, decent speed, and autonomy. However, as sailors note, RTOs with their missile weapons are “redundant” for such tasks - missile boats and small artillery ships are quite enough to protect the sea border.

All these concepts originate in the 70s of the last century, when small rocket ships were created. Today, all of the above tasks can be performed by the Air Force. Light cruise missiles Kh-31 and Kh-35 were created for strike missions, which are suspended even on light fighters. Moreover, the X-31 product is superior to the P-120 both in speed (M = 2) and in range (160 kilometers). The X-35 "Uranus" missile is capable of reaching the target along a combined trajectory, has a smaller size, which allows you to increase ammunition and produce more massive volleys, and also provides a smaller effective dispersion surface (ESR).

Coastal defense against a serious enemy, which will be too tough for a missile boat (RKA) and a small artillery ship (MAK), can be produced by coastal missile systems and the same aviation. on the side air force there are several factors:
- less vulnerability to enemy oncoming fire (recall that the range of aviation anti-ship missiles allows you not to enter the enemy air defense zone);
— high speed and mobility;
— no need to spend a long time in the threatened zone;
- Flexibility and versatility.

Many believe that modern designs of multifunctional corvettes, combining the strike power of Project 1234 with a developed air defense system, anti-aircraft defense capabilities, the presence of a helicopter, better survivability and seaworthiness, are deprived of the shortcomings of RTOs. Almost all countries that had analogues of RTOs in service went this way: Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Germany withdrew 25, 20, 15 and 20 units of missile boats from the Navy over the 90s, respectively. Instead, it is the corvettes of increased displacement that are being put into operation.

Moreover, for domestic realities, a corvette with an anti-submarine bias is more preferable, since it is enemy submarines that pose a great potential threat in our vast territorial waters. Working together with aviation, such corvettes (if built in sufficient numbers, of course) can significantly reduce the danger.

As a result, it turns out that small missile ships really remain out of work: today more advanced means of destroying enemy ships have been created, capable of attacking faster and more efficiently. However, everything is not as clear as it seems at first glance.

Let's begin with MRK is a very unpretentious ship. A few floating piers, a fuel depot and an electrical network are enough to equip a temporary base. A modern attack aircraft, on the other hand, needs a much more developed infrastructure, not to mention the fact that the airfield is a primary target for attack, and therefore, in the conduct of hostilities, it is likely to require frequent repairs.

Further, an aircraft cannot, like a ship, conduct long-term passive tracking of a target during a period of heightened confrontation or when a potential enemy ship invades territorial waters (recall the incident with the American cruiser Yorktown in 1988). The main thing in this case is the ability to immediately strike at the target upon receipt of such an order, and the RTO that has entered the firing line in advance will have an advantage over the aircraft that has just taken off from the base.

But the decisive factor is that today, compared to new corvette projects and, to a lesser extent, fighter-bombers, small missile ships have a fully developed weapons system, well-developed tactics, and there are trained staffs that provide structures and full-fledged ship formations.

In other words, Project 1234 MRK is a very reliable and proven ship, guaranteed to be able to perform its tasks with maximum efficiency. It is a completely different matter - which are still a novelty - both the class of the ship itself, which did not exist in the Soviet naval doctrine, and in terms of installed weapons, which have not yet been tested in exercises.

In no way denying the need to move forward and build a new generation of ships, it must be admitted that now Russia needs a combat-ready and provided with all the necessary RTOs than a completely new corvette, but undeveloped in the fleet and in production. Of course, it is pointless to continue building old Soviet projects, but it is also impossible to just leave the accumulated rich experience overboard. The best way out seems to be a significant increase in the potential of existing buildings through modernization with the installation, for example, Onyx missiles in the 2x9 version, the Kashtan air defense system and new electronic equipment. Sailors would not refuse an unmanned aircraft for reconnaissance and target designation.

The preferred measure would be to build up the RTO group by producing a modernized version. For example, the capacities of the Vostochny shipyard and the Almaz shipbuilding company can produce up to four RTOs per year. This measure will help plug significant gaps in naval defense, including in the middle maritime zone, which is not covered by lighter ships. In the future, with proper modernization of shipyards and development of production, RTOs at the end of their service life should be replaced by corvettes, provided that the number of new ships will at least not be inferior to those decommissioned.

Of course, one cannot remain silent about the relatively new one, which is the development of the river MAK project 21630 "Buyan". Armed with UVP for eight Caliber or Onyx missiles, as well as 100-mm A-190M and 30-mm guns, it is nevertheless not an alternative to the heavier project 1234, since it can operate exclusively in the near sea zone. But it is precisely in interaction that these two types of RTOs can provide an acceptable level of security for our borders and economic zones.

Summing up, let's say that today our fleet needs, first of all, a completely clear and well-thought-out concept of warfare, which ensures the setting of tasks and requirements for each class of ships. And although the system for the interaction of old specialized ships with new ones built according to the Western model of application has not been developed, it is at least unreasonable to neglect the RTOs left over from the USSR.

Do not forget that the combat effectiveness of these ships was confirmed during the "five-day war" in South Ossetia. Under the current conditions, when the fate of the fleet is still unclear, it is better to rely only on proven and reliable solutions, and as a result, several old RTOs may be preferable to a mythical promising destroyer.

According to information disseminated by the Russian Ministry of Defense, in November 2017, the first serial small missile ship (RTO) of Project 22800 Karakurt will be launched. At the same time, the lead ship, called the Hurricane, has already been launched, and, according to plans, will be transferred to the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Navy in 2018, at the same time the Russian armed forces should also receive the first serial ship, called the Typhoon. What are the features of small missile ships, how many and when will the Russian Navy receive them, and what will this lead to?

Serial production of RTOs in Russia mastered at a high level

To date, two types of RTOs are being built in Russia - the Buyan-M project 21631 and the Karakurt project 22800. Buyany-M began to be built in 2010, since then three ships of this type have been received by the Red Banner Caspian Flotilla, and two by the Baltic Fleet. Until 2020, seven more products of this project will be built (four for the Black Sea Fleet, three for the Baltic Fleet). The ships of this project are distinguished by their small dimensions, displacement and draft (only 2.6 meters), which make it possible to navigate many rivers, among other things. As a result, their seaworthiness is somewhat limited and allows the Buyans to be used only close to the coast. The main armament of the ship is eight Caliber cruise missiles installed in the vertical cells of the universal ship firing system (UKSK) 3S14, and for self-defense there is a 100-mm A190 Universal gun, a 30-mm automatic anti-aircraft gun AK-630M-2 Duet " and so on. For seven years, the Russian Navy received five RTOs of this type, over the next three years it is planned to send seven more to the fleet, which indicates a noticeable increase in the pace of construction and good development production technologies. All ships were built and will be built at the Zelenodolsk plant named after A. M. Gorky (Tatarstan).

RTOs of project 22800 "Karakurt" began to be built later - the first two ships were laid down in December 2015, and, as we have already noted, they are still being completed. In total, a series of eighteen ships should be built by 2022, while contracts have already been signed for twelve of them, and eight are under construction. Several shipyards are building this type of RTOs at once - the Pella Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant (sites in Feodosia and Otradnoy), the Zelenodolsk Plant named after A. M. Gorky, in 2018 it is planned to sign a contract for the construction of six Karakurts at the Amur Shipbuilding Plant ". Thus, it is planned to build eighteen RTOs of this type in seven years, with an average rate of 2.5 ships per year. If such plans can be implemented (there are prerequisites for this, since there is experience in the construction of Buyanov-M), then it will be possible to say with confidence that RTOs will be the only type of surface ships carrying strategic cruise missiles that Russia can build quickly and in such a large number.

Unlike Buyan-M, RTOs of the Karakurt type have a noticeably higher seaworthiness, including due to a greater draft (4 meters). The main armament of ships of this type is the same as that of Project 21631 - eight Caliber cruise missiles or Oniks anti-ship missiles installed in UKKS 3S14. Starting from the third ship of the series, the Karakurts will begin to receive a fairly serious air defense system - the Pantsir-M anti-aircraft missile and gun system, which will further increase the ship's ability to operate far from its shores.

RTOs allow the deployment of strategic cruise missiles without violating the INF Treaty

The Russian military operation in Syria has repeatedly demonstrated the ability to hit targets with the help of 3M-14 Kalibr cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea, at ranges of about 1,500 km. According to available data, this nuclear-equipped cruise missile is capable of covering about 2,600 km, and in a conventional one, at least 2,000 km. In fact, this allows you to hit targets in most of Europe without deploying ground-based cruise missiles with a range of more than 500 km, in violation of the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF). This will allow you to meet the challenges associated with the deployment a large number NATO forces at the Russian borders, while not unilaterally withdrawing from the agreement with the United States.

Given the difficulties in building surface ships larger than RTOs and corvettes (according to Western classification, small missile ships also belong to them), building even more Karakurt and Buyanov-M may be the most optimal solution given the current capabilities of Russian military shipbuilding, while large series of more serious types of ships must be taken up with other funding and other industry opportunities.

Small rocket ships.

Ships of project 1234 ("Nanuchka-I class" according to NATO classification) are designed to protect sea lanes, guard convoys, and combat surface ships in coastal areas. The power plant of the ship consists of three diesel engines with a total capacity of 30,000 hp, which rotate three propellers. The maximum speed is 34 knots.

The first two small rocket ships of project 1234 were worn until April 25, 1970. only a digital tactical name: the lead "MRK-3", the first production building - "MRK-7". Subsequent ships were assigned "weather" names, traditional for Soviet patrol ships of the Great Patriotic War, for their "weather" names were called the "bad weather division". The lead ship of the Storm project.

Photos of the ships are taken from the site www.forums.airbase.ru

Small rocket ship Storm.

Small rocket ship MRK-3 - built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched October 18, 1968, April 25, 1970. renamed "The Tempest". It entered service on September 30, 1970, and already on February 09, 1971. became part of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF). July 5, 1971 the management of the 166th Novorossiysk Red Banner division of small rocket ships was formed, and on August 14, 1971. small missile ships RTOs "Storm" and "Breeze" are subordinate to the commander of the 166th DNMRK. March 11, 1980 The 295th Sulinsky Red Banner Division of torpedo boats was disbanded and on its basis the 295th Sulinsky Red Banner Division of small missile ships was created, consisting of:

RTO "Storm";

RTO "Thunderstorm";

MRK-5;

PD-26;

PD-19.

By order of the Civil Code of the Navy of December 24, 76. RTOs "Zarnitsa" and RTOs "Storm" were declared the best tactical group of RTOs based on the results of an inspection by the USSR Ministry of Defense.

15.04 to 16.06.1982 Together with RTO "Grom" and PRTB-33 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea.

Board numbers: 540, 354, 961, 964(1977), 604(1978), 601, 603, 602(1982), 609(1984), 605(1986), 608(1990), 624(1.05.1990). Decommissioned: 1991

Small rocket ship Breeze.

Small rocket ship MRK-7 - built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched October 10, 1969, April 25, 1970. renamed "Breeze". It entered service on December 31, 1970, and already on February 09, 1971. became part of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF). From December 1970 testing of the Malachite rocket launcher began - The first launch took place on December 29, 1970.

July 5, 1971 the management of the 166th Novorossiysk Red Banner division of small rocket ships was formed, and on August 14, 1971. small missile ships RTOs "Storm" and "Breeze" are subordinate to the commander of the 166th DNMRK.

October 30, 1973 Together with RTO "Groza", PRTB-13 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. During the service, in October, the exercise "Delivery of a missile strike by TG RTOs on the AUG from the position of tracking according to the data" was conducted. own funds» .

From November 01 to November 17, 1974 Together with RTOs "Whirlwind" and PRTB-33 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. When performing tasks, we carried out weapon tracking of the Little Rock URO KR and conducted an exercise to deliver a missile attack on the Forrestal AVU and the Long Beach URO KRA.

From 25.06 to 01.08.1977 Together with RTO "Zarnitsa" and PRTB-13 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. When performing tasks, weapons were tracked by the Long Beach CRA URO "Long Beach" for the US Navy integrated supply ship.

From 17.06 to 08.08.1978 Together with the RTO "Grom" and PRTB-33 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. They performed the task of tracking the Kitty Hawk AVU with weapons. On June 22-27, RTO "Breeze" as part of a group of ships of the RRC "Admiral Golovko", BOD "Ochakov" made an official visit to the port of Latakia, SAR.

From July 23 to September 3, 1979 Together with the RTO "Grom" and PRTB-33 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. In the course of military service, they carried out long-term tracking with weapons AUG AVU "Forrestal" KR URO "Yarnel", FR URO "Kelsh".

From September 19 to October 20, 1980 Together with RTO "Zyb" and PRTB - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. In the course of the exercise “Destruction of the AUG by the forces of 5 OPESK in cooperation with the MRA of the fleet”, weapons were tracked by the AUG AVU “America”, the KR URO “Little Rock”, the FR URO “Vodzh”, the US Navy complex supply ship, followed by a simulated missile strike .

From August 15 to September 2, 1981 went to the BS for reinforcement (the BS of the Zyb RTO, Zarnitsa RTO and PRTB-13 were already carried on the spot) due to the aggravated situation in Lebanon on August 15. The ships carried out weapon tracking of the AUG AVU "Interprise" of the KRA URO "Long Beach" in the subsequent TDK "Guadalcanal" south of the island of Cyprus.

In 1981 the tactical group consisting of RTOs "Breeze" and "Zarnitsa" was declared the best in missile training in firing at a sea target and received a challenge prize of the USSR Navy.

From 25.05 to 05.08.1983 Together with RTO "Komsomolets of Mordovia" RTO "Zarnitsa" and PRTB-33 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea.

from 20.11.1983 to 20.02.1984 Together with RTOs "Komsomolets Mordovia" and PRTB-33 carried BS in the Mediterranean Sea.

Since 10.05.1987 to 20.05.1988 joined the BS in Cam Ranh.

Board numbers: 356, 966, 962(1977), 963, 967, 611, 602(1980), 623, 617(1982), 606(1984), 612(1984), 618(1986), 403(05.1987), 430(05.1990). Decommissioned: 1992.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Whirlwind - built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched on July 22, 1970, and entered service on September 30, 1971, and already on November 1, 1971. became part of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF).

From November 01 to November 17, 1974 Together with RTO "Breeze" and PRTB-33 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. When performing tasks, we carried out weapon tracking of the Little Rock URO KR and conducted an exercise to deliver a missile attack on the Forrestal AVU and the Long Beach URO KRA.

08/01/1977 transferred to the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF).

07/26/1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.

Board numbers: 978 (1975), 351 (1976), 955, 966, 425 (1985), 438 (05.1990), 432 (1994).

Decommissioned: 1994

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Grad - built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched on April 30, 1972, and entered service on September 30, 1972, and already on October 31, 1972, it became part of the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet (DKBF). In 1983, 1985 and 1987 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG).

26.7.1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky

Board numbers: 941 (1973), 506, 567, 552 (1987), 582 (1990). Decommissioned: 1993

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Grom - built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched on October 29, 1972, and entered service on December 28, 1972, and already on January 31, 1973. joined the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet (DKBF). September 4, 1973 transferred to the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KCHF). In 1978 and 1992 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG).

From June 3 to September 8, 1975 Together with RTO "Zarnitsa" and PRTB-33 (KUG) BS in the Mediterranean Sea. On July 11, the KUG was tasked with carrying out reconnaissance, tracking and delivering a simulated missile attack on the Forrestal AVU with the passage of the meridian of 22 degrees. The task was successfully solved on July 12.

From 17.06 to 8.08.1978 Together with RTO "Breeze" and PRTB-33 (KUG) BS in the Mediterranean Sea. They performed the task of tracking weapons for the Kitty Hawk AVU.

From July 23 to September 3, 1979 Together with RTO "Breeze" and PRTB-33 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. In the course of military service, they carried out long-term tracking with weapons AUG AVU "Forrestal" KR URO "Yarnel", FR URO "Kelsh".

15.04 to 16.06.1982 Together with RTOs Burya and PRTB-33 (KUG) BS in the Mediterranean Sea.

26.7.1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.

Board numbers: 361(1976), 976(1977), 818(1979), 608, 604(1982), 605(1984), 607(1986), 622(1.05.1990). Decommissioned: 1995

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Groza - built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched on July 26, 1972, and entered service on December 28, 1972, and already on January 31, 1973. joined the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet (DKBF). September 4, 1973 transferred to the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF). On March 11, 1980, the 295th Sulinsky Red Banner Division of torpedo boats was disbanded and on its basis the 295th Sulinsky Red Banner Division of small missile ships was created, consisting of:

RTO "Storm";

RTO "Thunderstorm";

MRK-5;

PD-26;

PD-19.

October 30, 1973 Together with RTO "Breeze" and PRTB-13 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. During the service, in October, the exercise "Delivery of a missile strike by TG RTOs on the AUG from the tracking position according to own means" was conducted.

From June 2 to July 12, 1976 Together with RTO "Zarnitsa" and PRTB-13 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. Since June 19, they have been tracking the AVU "America" ​​with weapons. KR URO "Yarnel", FR "Voj". Participation in the exercises "Crimea-76".

Board numbers: 363, 358, 977(1973), 970, 611, 604(1980), 613(1982), 614(1984), 604(1986), 619(1.05.1990). Decommissioned: 1992

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Zarnitsa - built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched on April 28, 1973, and entered service on September 18, 1973, and already on October 26, 1973. became part of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF). In 1978, 1981, 1984, 1988, 1993, 1994 and 1998 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG).

From June 3 to September 8, 1975 Together with RTO "Grom" and PRTB-33 (KUG) BS in the Mediterranean Sea. On July 11, the KUG was tasked with carrying out reconnaissance, tracking and delivering a simulated missile attack on the Forrestal AVU with the passage of the meridian of 22 degrees. The task was successfully solved on July 12.

From June 2 to July 12, 1976 Together with RTO "Groza" and PRTB-13 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. Since June 19, they have been tracking the AVU "America" ​​with weapons. KR URO "Yarnel", FR "Voj". Participation in the exercises "Crimea-76".

By order of the Civil Code of the Navy dated December 24, 1976, RTOs "Zarnitsa" and RTOs "Storm" were declared the best tactical group of RTOs based on the results of an inspection by the USSR Ministry of Defense.

From 25.06 to 01.08.1977 Together with RTO "Breeze" and PRTB-13 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. When performing tasks, weapons were tracked by the Long Beach CRA URO "Long Beach" for the US Navy integrated supply ship.

From July 15 to September 2, 1981 Together with RTO "Zyb" and PRTB-13 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. The ships carried out weapon tracking of the AUG AVU "Interprise" of the KRA URO "Long Beach" in the subsequent TDK "Guadalcanal" south of the island of Cyprus.

In 1981 the tactical group consisting of RTOs "Breeze" and "Zarnitsa" was declared the best in missile training in firing at a sea target and received a challenge prize of the USSR Navy.

In 1984 a tactical group consisting of RTOs "Zarnitsa" and RTOs "Komsomolets of Mordovia" received the challenge prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile firing at the MC.

From May 15 to June 15, 1984 Together with "Komsomolets of Mordovia" - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. In the period from May 27 to May 29, the TG MRK as part of the KUG-2 took part in the operational-tactical exercise of the 5th OPESK "Destruction of the AMG of the enemy OS RUS in cooperation with the MRA of the fleet"

24.09.93 - a tactical group consisting of RTOs "Zarnitsa" and RTOs "Mirage" received a challenge prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile firing at the MC.

09/22/94 the tactical group consisting of RTOs "Zarnitsa" and RTOs "Shtil" received the challenge prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile firing at the MC.

06/12/1997 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.

Board numbers: 363 (1976), 973, 972, 607, 618, 606 (1990), 621 (1.05.1990). Decommissioned: 2005

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small missile ship Shkval - built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched on December 28, 1973, and entered service on June 14, 1974, and already on July 16, 1974. became part of the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet (DKBF) as part of the 106th division of the RTOs of the 76th BEM, based on the Winter Harbor of the Liepaja Naval Base. After 1992 the division was transferred to the 36th brigade of missile boats of the 12th division of surface ships.

Board numbers: 915 (1976), 551 (1985), 567, 565. Decommissioned: 1994.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Metel.

Small rocket ship Metel - built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched on August 10, 1974, and entered service on December 8, 1974, and already on January 23, 1975. became part of the Red Banner Northern Fleet (KSF). In 1982 won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

Board numbers: 923 (1977), 534 (1979), 542. Decommissioned: 1998.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Storm.

Small rocket ship Storm - built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched on March 3, 1975, and entered service on June 15, 1975, and already on July 21, 1975. joined the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet (DKBF). In 1983, 1985 and 1987 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG).

07/26/1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky

Board numbers: 953, 587 (1978), 567, 577 (1990). Decommissioned: 1998

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Cyclone - built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched on May 24, 1977, and entered service on December 31, 1977, and already on February 17, 1978. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF).

From May 1985 to May 1986 Together with RTO "Typhoon" - BS to Vietnam, South China Sea, Cam Ranh Bay.

07/26/1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.

Board numbers: 430, 438, 425 (1984), 435 (1985), 412 (05.1987), 444 (05.1990). Decommissioned: 1995

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Monsoon - built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched on July 1, 1981, and entered service on December 30, 1981, and already on February 9, 1982. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF - 165 BrRKA Pacific Fleet). April 16, 1987 died in the Sea of ​​Japan due to spontaneous retargeting of a missile while practicing combat training tasks.

Board numbers: 427 (1982), 414 (1984).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

The logical continuation of this series of small missile ships was project 1234.1 ("Nanuchka-III class" according to NATO classification). Main differences this project- this is an increase in the main caliber of artillery from 57 mm to 76 mm, the additional installation of one 30 mm AK-630 artillery system on the ship, as well as new radar and electronic equipment. Despite the relatively small displacement, the ship of this project has high seaworthiness and the ability to use weapons at a sea state of 5 points and a speed of 24 knots.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Burun - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code "Gadfly-1". Launched in July 1977, and entered service on December 30, 1977, and already on February 17, 1978. became part of the Red Banner Northern Fleet (KSF). April 21, 1978 listed in the DCBF.

In 1978, he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

07/26/1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.

Board numbers: 570, 559 (1986), 566 (1990). Decommissioned: 2002

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Veter.

Small Rocket Ship Wind - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code "Gadfly-1". Launched on April 21, 1978, and entered service on September 30, 1978, and already on November 23, 1978. became part of the Red Banner Northern Fleet (KSF). In 1980 won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

07/26/1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.

Board numbers: 572 (1978), 527, 523, 524 (1995). Decommissioned: 1995

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Zyb - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code "Gadfly-1". Launched on October 23, 1978, and entered service on December 31, 1978, and already on February 16, 1979. became part of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF). April 13, 1982 renamed to " Komsomolets of Mordovia”, and on February 15, 1992. in "Calm".

From September 19 to October 20, 1980 Together with RTO "Breeze" and PRTB -13 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. In the course of the exercise “Destruction of the AUG by the forces of 5 OPESK in cooperation with the MRA of the fleet”, weapons were tracked by the AUG AVU “America”, the KR URO “Little Rock”, the FR URO “Vodzh”, the US Navy complex supply ship, followed by a conditional missile strike .

From July 15 to September 2, 1981 Together with RTO "Zarnitsa" and PRTB-13 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. The ships carried out weapon tracking of the AUG AVU "Interprise" of the KRA URO "Long Beach" in the subsequent TDK "Guadalcanal" south of the island of Cyprus.

From May 25 to August 5, 1983 Together with RTO "Breeze", RTO "Zarnitsa" and PRTB-33 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea.

From November 20, 1983 to February 20, 1984 Together with RTO "Breeze" and PRTB-33 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea.

From May 15 to June 15, 1984 Together with RTO "Zarnitsa" and PRTB-33 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. In the period from May 27 to May 29, the TG MRK as part of the KUG-2 took part in the operational-tactical exercise of the 5th OPESK "Destruction of the AMG of the enemy OS RUS in cooperation with the MRA of the fleet"

In 1984, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993 and 1998 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG).

06/12/1997 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.

Currently, the Shtil small missile ship of project 1234.1 is part of the 166th Novorossiysk Red Banner Small Missile Ships of the 41st Missile Boat Brigade.

Board numbers: 608 (1982), 609 (1984), 605 (1986), 620 (1.05.1990).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Moroz - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code "Gadfly-1". Launched on September 23, 1989, and entered service on December 30, 1989, and already on February 28, 1990. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF). 07/26/1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. In 1999 won the prize of the State Committee of the Navy for missile training (as part of the KUG)

Board numbers: 434, 450, 402 (05.1990), 409 (2000).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code "Gadfly-1". Launched on August 24, 1991, and entered service on December 31, 1991, and already on February 11, 1992. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF). 07/26/1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. In 1999, he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

Board numbers: 450 (2000).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Downpour - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code "Gadfly-1". Launched on October 5, 1986, and April 14, 1987. renamed "XX Congress of the Komsomol". It entered service on December 25, 1987, and already on February 19, 1988. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF). February 15, 1992 renamed - "Hoarfrost".

07/26/1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.

In 1999, he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

Board numbers: 422 (05.1987), 415 (05.1990), 418 (2000).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Tucha - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code "Gadfly-1". Launched on April 29, 1980, and entered service on July 31, 1980, and already on October 24, 1980. became part of the Red Banner Northern Fleet (KSF).

07/26/1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.

In 1995 won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

Board numbers: 527 (1987), 524 (1988), 505 (1997). Decommissioned: 2005

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

Small rocket ship Smerch - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code "Gadfly-1". Launched on November 16, 1984, and entered service on December 30, 1984, and already on March 4, 1985. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF).

From April 1986 to July 1987 performs combat service tasks in Vietnam, the South China Sea, Cam Ranh Bay.

07/26/1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.

Board numbers: 415, 418, 450 (1987), 405 (1990), 423 (2000).

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............

According to the architecture, the smooth-deck hull of the ship pr. 1234 has boat lines, a slight sheer, a longitudinal framing system and is made of high-strength ship steel grade MK-35. For most of the length, the hull has a double bottom and is divided by nine bulkheads into 10 watertight compartments. Bulkheads are located on frames 11, 19, 25, 33, 41, 46, 57, 68 and 80 (sht.), on 87 sp. - transom. The lower part of the bulkheads is made of steel grade 10 KhSN 2D (SHL-45), and the upper part is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy grade AMg61. Only bulkheads on frames 11, 46 and the transom are made entirely of steel grades 10 KhSN D or 10 KhSN 2D (SHL-45).

Video of the ship of the project 1234 code "Gadfly"

Pressed profiles are made of AMg61 alloy, and parts of bulkheads made of AMg61 are attached to steel parts and to steel bottom, side and deck coamings by rivets made of AMg5P grade alloy on insulating spacers. The recruitment system is longitudinal. The ship must remain afloat when any two adjacent compartments are flooded. A three-tier island-type superstructure is located in the middle part of the hull and is made of AMg61 alloy (except for gas fenders). The internal bulkheads are also made of AMg61, and for corrosion protection, the light baffles are connected to the steel hull using bimetallic inserts. Service and living quarters are located in the superstructure, on the main deck and on two (upper and lower) platforms. The spar is represented by one four-legged truss-type foremast made of pipes light alloy and more developed on the ships of project 1234.1. On the mast there are antennas of radio engineering devices and communications, signal halyards and running lights, antennas of radar stations. The height of the guard rails does not exceed 900 mm (areas 1-32 sp. and 42-87 sp.).
To improve the habitability of the ship's personnel, 3 types of insulating structures were used in the hull design: the first is protection against penetrating impulse noise. Slabs of flexible PVC-E foam plastic reinforced with PVC-1 foam plastic plates were used (on deck - in the area of ​​25-44 sp.; on the sides - in the area of ​​32-46 sp.; on bulkheads - in the area of ​​32, 44, 46 sp.) ; on the 1st tier of the superstructure, outside 2 tiers of the superstructure and the wheelhouse, the second - soundproof structures to reduce airborne noise. VT-4 mats were used, followed by pouring with light alloy sheets (area of ​​bulkheads for 44 sp. and 46 sp.; on the ceiling of the NMO in the area of ​​the 46-51st sp.), the third - thermal insulation to protect the premises from cooling. PKhV-1, PKhV-E foam boards, PSB-S polystyrene foam boards and FS-7-2 polystyrene boards, as well as heat-insulating mats made of staple and nylon fiber VT-4, were used. The commander's cabin is located at the forward end of the first tier of the superstructure (the area of ​​the 25th-32nd sp.) and consists of an office, a bedroom and a bathroom. The room of the wardroom of the foremen, if necessary, can be used as an operating room.

Shipbuilding elements of RTOs of project 1234 code "Gadfly"

Displacement:
- standard 580t (according to other sources - 610t)
- full 670t (according to other sources - 700t)

Main dimensions:
- maximum length 59.3 m
- length no KBJ1 54.0m
- maximum width 11.8 m
- width on design waterline 8.86m
- average draft on DWL 3.02m

Power plant

The main power plant is located in two engine rooms (MO) - bow and stern. In the forward MO there are two M-507A main engines, working on the side shafts, and in the stern - one M-507A engine, working on the middle propeller. Each of the main engines consists of two seven-block (8 cylinders per block) star-shaped 56-cylinder diesel engines of the M-504B type, connected to each other through a gearbox and working on their own propeller. According to the GOST brands, the M-507A engine is designated as 112ChSPN 16/17, which stands for: 112-cylinder, four-stroke, marine with a reverse clutch, with a reduction gear, supercharged, with a cylinder diameter of 16 cm and a piston stroke of 17 cm. At a crankshaft rotation speed of 2000 rpm, the engine life exceeds 6000 hours. The mass of the M-507A engine is 17 tons, the power of each engine is 10,000 hp. The diesels are powered by three fixed pitch propellers (FPS), and propellers with a diameter of 2.5 m protrude below the main line by 1350 mm.

Full speed on RTOs pr. 1234 code "Gadfly"

Reached 35 knots, but some ships easily exceeded this figure. So RTO "Zarnitsa" more than once showed a full speed of 37-38 knots during exercises. The economic speed was 12 knots.

cruising range

Full speed in did not exceed 415 miles. At a cruising speed of 18 knots (combat economic speed), the cruising range was 1600 miles. When sailing at an economic pace, the cruising range increased to 4000 miles.

Autonomy of navigation - 10 days.

Sources of electricity

Two diesel generators of 300 kW each (one DG-300 is located in the aft MO) and one diesel generator DGR-75/1500 of 100 kW are installed as sources of electricity at RTOs. The engine rooms also house: a 650-liter fuel tank, a 1600-liter oil tank, a TS-70 cooling system thermostat, and DGR-300/1500 mufflers.

Anchor device on RTO project 1234 code "Gadfly"

It is represented by the anchor-mooring electro-hydraulic capstan SHEG-12 (the control station is located on the breakwater on the port side), the bow Hall anchor weighing 900 kg, the anchor chain with a length of 200 m (high-strength chain with spacers, caliber 28 mm), chain stoppers, deck and anchor fairleads, chain box (located under the forepeak platform). The SHEG-12 spire provides anchoring at depths up to 50 m with etching or hauling of the anchor and anchor chain at a speed of 23 m/min (when the anchor approaches the hawse, the speed decreases to 5 m/min). The spire control panel is also available in the wheelhouse, and the manual control column is located on the deck near the spire.

Mooring device

In the bow of the RTO, a SHEG-12 capstan is used with a cable pulling speed of about 20 n / min (steel cables with a diameter of 23.5 mm are used) and a pulling force of 3000 kg. In the stern of the ship there is a mooring capstan ShZ with a hauling speed of about
15 m/min and pulling force 2000 kg. On the deck of RTOs there are six bollards with pedestals (diameter 200mm), welded to the deck in the area of ​​the 14th, 39th and 81st sp. Six bale planks with bastings are located in the area of ​​the 11th, 57th and 85th sp. Three views are installed in the bow, stern and on the forepeak platform. The RTO is equipped with four mooring cables with a mine of 220 m each and two chain stoppers.

ship towing device

Represented by a towing bollard with bollards with a diameter of 300 mm (located in the diametral plane in the area of ​​the 13th sp), a bale bar with rollers in the DP (area of ​​the 1st sp), a towing hook in the DP (stern at the transom), a towing arch, a towing kapron rope 150 m long (circumference 100 mm) and a towing view in the forepeak.

Steering gear MRK

Designed to control the course of the ship by means of the R-32 electro-hydraulic steering machine (with a piston drive for two rudders) and the Piton-211 control system. The two-cylinder steering machine is equipped with two electric variable displacement oil pumps (the main one is in the afterpeak, the spare one is in the tiller compartment). Two hollow balancing rudders have a streamlined shape (the rudder blade is made of SHL-45 steel). The limiting angle of the greatest turn of the rudders from the middle position on board is 37.5 degrees. The time for shifting the rudders to an angle of 70 degrees does not exceed 15 seconds. For the first time on ships of this class, two rudders in the mode of roll dampers are provided.

Rescue Devices

On the roof of the 1st tier of the superstructure, behind the wheelhouse there are 5 life rafts PSN-10M (for 10 people each), there are 4 lifebuoys (in the region of 41 sp. on the wheelhouse and 1 tier of the superstructure-71 sp. on both sides). Each crew member has individual ISS life jackets. At the first RTOs (in overload), the Chirok crew boat with a capacity of 5 people, including the helmsman, was used as a rescue vehicle. On the deck, on the port side (behind the gas baffle), there were two davits of the ShbI / YAL-6 type. Due to the fact that the boat and davits were often damaged by a jet of flame during the launch of P-120 missiles, at the end of the 70s. they were dismantled and were no longer used on the ships of this project.

Fire-fighting equipment

RTOs had a ZhS-52 liquid fire extinguishing system to eliminate fuel and lubricants fires in engine rooms using freon 114V2. Freon is a highly toxic colorless liquid with a density of 2.18 g / cm3. Its boiling point does not exceed 46 ° C, and its freezing point is minus 112 ° C, the reaction is neutral, the chemical name is tetrafluoro-di-bromoethane. It was supplied by the Kirovochepetsk plant from the Kirov region The system had two manual control posts (in each MO), two tanks with a capacity of 45 liters of freon and two 10-liter tanks with high pressure air (HP). Freon was launched into the engine room by displacing it with compressed air at a pressure of 8 kgf / cm :. To extinguish small fires with air foam, there was an air-foam fire extinguishing system S0-500. In a special tank, 50 liters of foam concentrate PO-1 (foam) and 10 liters of compressed air in the tank were stored. The mixture was 4% foam and 96% water. these two fire extinguishing systems had a ship's compressed air system (with a pressure of 150 kgf / cm:).

Maneuverability and seaworthiness

Ships have good agility: tactical circulation diameter does not exceed 30 ship lengths, 360-degree turn time does not exceed 200 s (rudder angle - 25 degrees). Inertia: The travel distance to a complete stop from full speed does not exceed 75 ship lengths. Emergency stop - in 55 s. Handling on the wave at bow heading angles is satisfactory. At aft heading angles, the effect of “licking” occurs, the ship does not obey the helm, there is a large yaw along the course, “roll” appears. at speeds over 14 knots, spray reaches the roof of the wheelhouse. The reserve of buoyancy at standard displacement reaches 1835 m3. The initial transverse metacentric height is -2.37 m. The coefficient of transverse stability is 812 tm. Heeling moment -19.8 tm / deg. Seaworthiness - 5 points.

Crew and Habitability

The number of personnel on the small missile ships pr.1234 was 60 people, including 9 officers and 14 foremen. On the upper platform there were three double and two single officer cabins in the area of ​​the 33rd - 41st sp. On the lower platform there was a crew quarter for 10 people in the area of ​​​​the 11-19th sp.

Project 1234 strike missile weapon code "Gadfly"

The main weapons of the Gadfly were six P-120 Malachite anti-ship cruise missiles (index 4K-85), placed side by side on the upper deck in two built-in non-guided container launchers.
The development of the Malachite solid-propellant cruise missile was entrusted to OKB-52 by Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 250-89 of February 28, 1963. The rocket had a universal solid-fuel launcher and new system control API-5 (development of NII-101). The principle of automatic guidance was retained, noise immunity was increased (an additional thermal homing head was introduced) and selectivity of aiming at the target. The preliminary rocket project was completed in September 1963, and preliminary design by February next year. The first factory samples, manufactured at Lavochkin Plant No. 301, were received for testing at the beginning of 1968. The first stage of flight design tests of the Malakhit anti-ship missiles was carried out from September 25, 1968 to February 1969. The rocket was launched without radio equipment from a ground launcher. In July-September 1969, three missile launches were carried out from the PSA floating stand, converted according to the PSP-120 project. The stand with the rocket was towed from Balaklava to the test site near Cape Fiolent and there it was installed on four barrels, and then plunged to 50 m. All launches were successful. In July-October 1969, four rocket launches were carried out from a coastal installation, and from March to August 1970, six launches were made by the lead in the Gadfly series - the Burya MRK. Of the ten indicated launches, 5 direct hits were noted. From September 10, 1970 to 1972, fourteen test launches of the P-120 Malakhit anti-ship missiles were carried out from the Burya RTOs, and a passive over-the-horizon detection system for surface ships was installed on the Burya to provide target designation for missiles, which worked on the radiation of radio equipment (RTS ) of the opponent. The Malachite missile system was adopted by small missile ships, pr. 1234, by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of March 17, 1972.

Cruise anti-ship missile P-120 "Malachite" (4K-85)

Typically, the following characteristics of the Malachite cruise missile are given in the literature:
- launch weight of the rocket 3200 kg. actually - 5400 kg
- rocket length 9 m, in fact - 8800 mm - height 1250 mm
- width with folded wings 1210 mm
- wingspan in flight 2130 mm

The weight of the high-explosive-cumulative warhead - 500 kg, the weight of the special warhead (nuclear) - remains secret for now.
Type of homing head - combined homing with radar and thermal channels.
March flight altitude - 50 m, minimum flight range - 15 km, maximum - 120 km, flight speed - 1100 km / h.
Two KT-120-type launchers - built-in, non-guided, non-stabilized, non-armoured, non-damped, container-type, with a constant elevation angle (9 degrees to the main plane). Axes PU are parallel to the diametrical plane of the ship. The speed of the rockets from the guides is 39-56 m / s. The use of weapons is possible when the sea is not more than 5 points (in fact, shooting was also carried out at 6-point waves). The loading of missiles into containers is carried out by a coastal or floating crane using special loading devices stored in the base, but test loading of missiles into the sea from the Vilyui military transport was also carried out when RTOs were on combat service in the Mediterranean Sea. Loading device for RTOs pr. 1234 - type ZU-84 using standard beams with catchers and a frame. Characteristics of the ship's electrical network AC: 380 V, 400 Hz, 5.5 kW, DC network: 27 V, 0.55 kW. The temperature regime in the launcher is provided by the ship's air conditioning system and is in the range of +5 - -25 C. The disadvantages of the P-120 anti-ship missiles include the presence of a long black plume of smoke left by its solid fuel engine.

Anti-aircraft missile weapons MRK project 1234 code "Gadfly"

circuit diagram PU "ZiF-122" and its placement

The air defense of the ship with the task of destroying single air targets was assigned to the anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) of self-defense "Osa-M", located in the bow of the ship in position "A".
The air defense system includes a ZiF-122 double-beam launcher, a missile supply and reloading system, a 4R-33 control system and an ammunition load of 20 9M-33 anti-aircraft missiles. The ZiF-122 launcher was developed at TsKB-7 (now Arsenal) under the guidance of
V.A. Khramtsov and was located in a non-working position below the deck of the tank in the so-called "glass" - a special cellar where the ammunition was placed. The guide beam in the lowered state is located vertically and, when moving from traveling to combat position, rises along with two anti-aircraft missiles. The missiles in the cellar are placed in four rotating drums with five missiles each. After the launch of the first rocket, the drum automatically rotates to enter the loading line for the next rocket. After the launch of the second rocket, the launch beams automatically turn vertically, and the lifting part quickly descends into the cellar and “pierces” two next missiles in the drum onto the launch beam guides. The reload time of the launcher does not exceed 16-21 seconds. The rate of fire is 2 launches per minute when firing at air targets and 2.8 launches per minute when firing at surface targets. The time to transfer fire to another target does not exceed 12 seconds. The air defense system works on targets flying at a height of up to 50 meters, otherwise the rocket fuse would go off. The weight of the launcher without ammunition is 6850 kg.
Anti-aircraft missile 9M-33 - single-stage with a dual-mode solid-propellant engine. The rocket is arranged according to the aerodynamic configuration of the "duck" type (with rudders in the forward part of the rocket fuselage). Four wings are structurally combined into a single wing unit, which is movably mounted relative to the fuselage and rotates freely during flight, reducing the crepe moment from air flow. The main blocks of the rocket are represented by radio control equipment (command radio unit) and radio vision (literal transponder), autopilot, radio fuse, onboard power supply, warhead (warhead - weighing 15 kg) with a safety actuator - located in the nose of the rocket. In the tail section of the rocket there is an engine, antennas of the command radio unit and an onboard transponder, as well as tracers for tracking the rocket using a television-optical sight. The weight of the rocket is 126 kg, the fuselage length is 3158 mm, the diameter is 210 mm, and the wingspan is 650 mm. The average rocket flight speed is 500 m / s.

Launch of the 9M33 missile of the Osa-M shipborne anti-aircraft missile system

The Osa complex ensured the defeat of targets flying at a speed of 300 m / s. at altitudes of 200-5000 m and at a distance of up to 9000 m. For targets flying at low altitudes (50-100 m), the range of destruction was reduced to 4000-6000 m. For supersonic targets (speed up to 420 m / s) the far boundary of the zone damage decreased to 7100 m at a target flight altitude of 200-5000 m. After leaving the launcher and the automatic (uncontrolled by radio commands) initial flight segment, the missile is “captured” by the missile sighting station and displayed on the target. The control system uses the command method of flight control for any of the three methods: for air, for low-flying and for surface targets. When the rocket approaches the target, a command is given to cock the radio fuse and remove the last stage of the fuse. The radio fuse begins to emit radio-magnetic pulses and when the signal is reflected from the target at a certain level, the warhead is detonated at a distance no further than 15 m from the target. When a missile flies past its target, it self-destructs or collapses upon impact with water. For independent target detection, the control system also includes radar station(radar) 4R-33, providing detection of air targets at altitudes up to 4000 m and at a distance of 25-30 km. Combining the modes of detection and target acquisition for tracking in one system made it possible to reduce the reaction time of the complex by 6-8 s. The Osa-M air defense system was tested on OS-24 pr.ZZ (former KRL Voroshilov pr.26), and then on the head "albatross" - "MPK-147" until 1971 and was adopted by the Navy in 1973 In 1975, the modernization of the complex under the code "Osa-MA" began. Its tests were also carried out on the MPK-147 near Feodosia, and in 1979 a modified air defense system was adopted by the fleet. To improve reliability in the early 80s. the second modernization of the complex was carried out in order to increase the effectiveness of the destruction of low-flying anti-ship missiles. Now the Osa-MA-1 air defense system has become capable of hitting targets flying at an altitude of up to 5 m above sea level. Nevertheless, it should be noted that by the beginning of the 21st century, the Osa-M family of air defense systems can be considered obsolete and ineffective weapons, unable to repel a simultaneous attack by several high-speed air targets or cruise anti-ship missiles and protect the ship from destruction.
Some temporary way out of this situation was the use on the ships of the USSR Navy of portable air defense systems of the Strela-2, 2M, 3, ZM type and the Igla-1 type, developed under the guidance of chief designer S. P. Invincible.

Artillery armament of RTOs project 1234 code "Gadfly"

On small rocket ships of the base pr. 1234 "Gadfly" there is only one double-barreled turret artillery installation AU AK-725 (in the aft part of the hull). The technical design of the installation was completed on April 14, 1958 (according to the TTZ dated November 30, 1956) and by the spring of 1960 the head prototype ZiF-72 had been tested (ZiF - Frunze Plant, aka Plant No. 7, a.k.a. Arsenal. The first AU was tested on the IPC project 204 in the Kerch region by July 1964. By Decree SM No. 443-177 of May 23, 1964 and the order of the Minister of Defense (MO) of the USSR of July 24, 1964, the ZiF-72 installation was put into service under index AK-725. The AK-725 installation was equipped with two modernized 57-mm ZiF-74 assault rifles (the modernization consisted in the introduction of tape power and a system for continuous cooling of the barrels with outboard water). Both machine guns were placed in the same cradle, and each tape of ammunition included 550 links with cartridges and was placed in the bunker of the tower. The automation of the guns worked at the expense of the recoil energy. The installation tower is unarmored and made of 6 mm thick duralumin (its inner surface is covered with polyurethane foam to prevent sweating). Calculation - 2 people.

The length of the gun barrel is 75 calibers (16 grooves), the weight of the shutter is 15 kg. The rate of fire of each gun is 200 rounds per minute with a mine of a continuous burst of 100 rounds. Elevation angles - ranging from -10" to +85", horizontal guidance angles - within 200" on both sides. The pointing speed in two planes ranges from 30 to 35 degrees / s. The total weight of the installation without ammunition and on-board equipment is 3900 kg, the weight of one machine gun is 277 kg. Projectile weight - 2.8 kg, initial projectile velocity - 1020 m / s. In the ammunition load - only a unitary shot with a fragmentation tracer designed for firing at both air and surface targets. Shot weight - 6.35 kg, warhead projectile weight - 153 g, fuse - type MGZ-57 (head, contact, safety type, with burst delay). The firing range reached 8420 m (according to the self-liquidator - 6950 m). Guidance of the guns was carried out either from a remote control panel with a Kolonka ring sight, or remotely from a fire control radar of the MP-103 Bars type (development design bureau of the Topaz plant, under the leadership of Ermolov N.I.). The automata were aimed at the target using the ESP-72 electric servo drive. The maximum target detection range of the MP-103 station reaches 40 km. The antenna post (AP) of the radar is located on the aft superstructure of the ship. Despite a number of positive characteristics, practice has shown the low efficiency of a 57-mm projectile with a proximity fuse and the need to strengthen naval artillery.

Electronic warfare installations

For the purposes of electronic warfare, RTOs are equipped with two to four launchers for setting passive interference (chaff) PK-10 and two to four - PK-16. PU PK-16 (KL-101) is a package with 16 guide pipes with cantilever mounting on the trunnion and vertical wall. It has a remote (electric) and manual drives for opening the front cover and a manual drive for vertical guidance (ranging from 0 to 60 with a fixed position of the package every 10). Fire control is carried out using a special remote control that provides automatic firing with a rate of fire of 2 rounds per second (for any given sequence of projectiles) and semi-automatic firing of single projectiles. Installation calculation - one person. The weight of the launcher is 400 kg, and the weight of the remote equipment is 90 kg. Shooting is carried out with 82-mm turbojet anti-radar projectiles RUMM-82 (TSP-60), which consist of a rocket engine and a warhead in two versions (with metallized dipole reflectors and with false thermal targets). False radar targets can be set at ranges from the ship in the range from 0.5 to 3.5 km, and thermal targets - at ranges from 2 to 3.5 km at altitudes from 100 to 1600 m. from 2 to 12 cm within 5-10 minutes. Thermal interference projectiles create decoys that effectively operate in the 2-5 micron mine wave range for 50-80 s. The weight of the TSP-60 projectile, depending on the equipment, is 8.76-8.92 kg, the projectile mine is 670 mm. Flight range - 3500 m.
The PK-10 "Brave" complex is also designed for setting radio-electronic and opto-electronic false targets and was put into service in 1985. The complex consists of four launchers, a remote control remote control, remote control panel and 120-mm shells. Shooting is carried out in automatic (series) or manual (single) modes. Each projectile weighs up to 25 kg and has a body length of 1220 mm. The launcher (weighing 205 - 336 kg) consists of a package with 10 guide tubes. Installation dimensions: mine - 655 mm, width - 962 mm, height - 540 mm.

Radio engineering complex system "Titanit"

Provides active and passive target detection, receiving information from aviation systems air surveillance and direction finding - the MRSTs-1 system (marine radio-technical target designation system). Radar complex (RLK) "Titanit" also provides the development and issuance of target designation in the KSU, the management of joint combat operations and provides a solution to navigation problems. The complex can operate in five modes:
"A" - active target detection and target designation mode.
"P" - passive target detection and target designation mode.
"U" - the mode of receiving information from the MRSC-1 system. "B" - the mode of mutual exchange of information and the management of joint military operations (USBD).
"H" - navigation mode (in the range from 40 m to 38 kb.).
The time of bringing the complex into combat readiness does not exceed 5-20 minutes. (without or with a performance check) The time of continuous operation of the complex should not exceed 12 hours, and the over-the-horizon target detection range is 120-130 km (when working with aviation at an altitude of 2 km, the target detection range is 150-170 km). Above the roof of the wheelhouse there is a fiberglass fairing of the antenna device D-01, which ensures the implementation of the "P" and "U" modes. On both sides of the antenna post D-01 there are two fairings of antenna posts D-02, providing the mode "B" - USBD. Antenna post D-03 is installed in front of the AP D-01 on the roof of the cabin to perform modes "H" and "A". At the top of the mast there are antenna posts D-04 and D-05, which ensure the implementation of the modes "B" and "U" (respectively), and a little lower - the antenna post D-06 ("P" mode), the Titanit system is interfaced with device "Danube", which provides the preparation and launch of missiles "Malachite". The detection range of surface targets is at least 40 km, and the over-the-horizon detection range is more than 100 km.

State identification system

Represented by one radar - the combined interrogator-responder "Nichrom-RRM" with the 082M device (now replaced by the 6730-5 device). Radar "Nichrome" allows you to identify surface and air targets to determine their belonging to their armed forces. The interrogating antenna is built in AP D-03. An additional interrogator "Nickel-KM" with the device 082M is built into the antenna post 4R-33.

Navigation radar "Don"

Adopted in 1957, the AP radar is located on the top of the mast, operates in the range of 3 cm and is able to detect air targets at a distance of up to 50 km, and surface targets - up to 25 km. It was installed only on some ships. Initially, the project did not provide for the placement of special navigational radar facilities on the ship; for these purposes, it was supposed to use a special channel of the Titanit RAC. But in the course of the service of the first ships, the need for their presence was revealed (mainly to ensure navigational safety when performing combat missions) and they began to install any suitable ones available in the fleets on RTOs.

Radio intelligence radar MRP-11-12 ("Zaliv").

The antenna post is located in front of the wheelhouse. At the RTO "Zarnitsa", an experimental radar of electronic intelligence "Ograda" (1975) was tested, which was not widely used, but had an active jamming station, barrage noise, impulse and combined modes of operation.

Infrared equipment Khmel-2

All RTOs were equipped with it. This equipment made it possible to carry out joint navigation and covert communications at night, with the ships completely darkened, as well as to observe and take direction finding infrared lights. Continuous operation time - 20 hours, direction finding range -20 cab, distance determination - up to 4 cab. The system operates on 27 V DC.

Radio communication facilities

R-654-PR radio transmitter, R-6788 and Volna-K radio receivers, R-615M and R-619-2 radio stations (two pieces). There is ZAS equipment (4 types) and a P-400 "Chestnut" broadcasting system. It is interesting to note that the equipment would continue to function during the explosion of a medium-caliber atomic bomb at a distance of at least 4000 meters from the epicenter of the explosion.

For protection against weapons of mass destruction (ZOMP)

it is planned to create four sealed circuits, install FSM-2000 filters in the air intake shafts of diesel engines, the presence of dosimetric equipment KDU-5, KID-6V, chemical and radiation reconnaissance devices VPKhR and KRGB-1. The ships are equipped with filtering gas masks according to the number of crew members and 10 insulating gas masks, chemical kits.

Navigator weapons

Represented by the GKU-1 gyro-heading indicator, the KI-13 magnetic compass, the LI-80 induction log, the MGL-50 hydrodynamic log, the KPF-4 ship phase receiver-indicator (for combat service they were equipped with a KPI-4 pulse receiver-indicator), the AP-ZU autoplotter, echo sounder NEL-7.

There is a demagnetizer.

The lead ship in a series of small missile ships of project 1234. Laid down on slipway No. 1 of the Leningrad Primorsky shipyard(former Shipyard No. 5 - the shipyard of the NKVD) under the designation "MRK-Z" on January 13, 1967, but the main work began only in February. The plant did a lot of work on the construction of a new type of ship, at the beginning of 1968, the formation of the first MRK-Z crew began in the 41st brigade of the TKA Black Sea Fleet. On May 21, 1968, the personnel of the first crew under the command of the first commander of the ship, Captain 3rd Rank Dmitry Gavrilovich Prutskov, were settled on the ship. The ceremonial launch of the ship took place on October 28, 1968, and on June 22, 1969, the Naval flag of the USSR was hoisted on the new RTO. In the summer of the same year, the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Sergey Georgievich Gorshkov visited MRK-Z. The arrival of the Commander-in-Chief was not accidental, since the RTOs of this project were considered his brainchild. Eyewitnesses said that S.G. Gorshkov was very pleased with what he saw and examined the ship for a long time, admiring the missile containers ready for loading. He was impressed by the strength and power of such a small ship. Nearby stood the second building of the MRK-7 under construction, and the admiral rejoiced at the growing power of the Soviet fleet. Looking at a small rocket ship, S.G. Gorshkov uttered the phrase that became winged, which was included in the title of the book. On this day, the Commander-in-Chief decided to give RTOs their own names, remembering the dashing "bad weather divisions" of the Great Patriotic War. The lead RTO of the series was included in the KChF on March 20, 1970, and from April 25, 1970, MRK-Z received its own name - Burya (military unit-62872), and on September 30
1970 completed state tests in Baltiysk. After signing the acceptance certificate of the RTO "Storm" was accepted into the USSR Navy. The ship then moved on
internal waterways to the delivery base of the fleet in the naval base of Feodosia, and in April 1971 he moved to the main base of the fleet of Sevastopol and was temporarily based here on the berth b. Troitskaya.
On July 5, 1971, the management of the 166th division of small missile ships was formed, which was given the name of the Red Banner Novorossiysk (based on the 2nd brigade of the TKA Black Sea Fleet during the past war). The first commander of the new division was the commander of the "Storm" captain 3rd rank D.G. Prutskov, and Lieutenant Commander Albert Nikolaevich Parygin climbed onto the command bridge of the MRK. Since August 14, 1971, RTOs "Storm" and "Breeze" are subordinate to the commander of 166 DNMRK.
After leaving the plant, the MRK "Storm" has already traveled more than 7250 miles and in two years made so many missile launches that the veterans of the unit do not remember their exact number. In 1972, the ship continued to launch anti-ship missiles at the Feodosiya training ground, and in the same year in Feodosia, three main engines were replaced with new ones in two and a half months, since the first engines had only 500 hours of life. For the first time in the history of the ships of this project, all three main engines were replaced while moored. For 1972 RTO "Storm" passed 3823 miles.
1973 became a serious test for the Burya. In May, the commander of the MRK, Lieutenant Commander A.I. Parygin left to accept a new "order" (MRK "Zarnitsa") and was replaced by Lieutenant Commander Alexander Vasilyevich Sirotkin, who commanded the "Storm" for almost nine years. It was he who had the honor for the first time in national history to carry out a six-missile volley with the main strike complex. Shooting was carried out on August 31, 1973 and was carried out at three burning targets from a distance of 100 km. Legends still circulate about that episode, in particular: during the launch of six P-120 missiles, the MRK settled into the water along the upper deck (which seems unlikely, since experienced sailors deny this fact), the DG refused to shake the hull, the ship was de-energized, but everything The missiles fired hit the target exactly. In 1973, the ship covered 3555 miles. Shortly after the firing of the MRK "Storm" stood up for maintenance at Shipyard No. 13 (Kilen Bay of Sevastopol). The repair lasted from November 1973 to May 1974 and part of the radio equipment was replaced on it (including R-615 with R-654). In the same year, the ship was docked in the factory floating dock in Poti. The ship had to take part in the rescue operation on August 30, 1974, when the Otvazhny BOD was on fire in the outer roadstead of Sevastopol. RTOs "Storm" and "Zarnitsa" followed in the wake of "Brave", and two more RTOs ("Breeze" and "Whirlwind") were in 20 cab. from the BOD along the bearing 355 degrees. After the explosion of the missile cellar and a strong fire on the Courageous, RTOs picked up 26 sailors from the BOD from the water (including 9 people were taken aboard the Storm). In 1974, RTOs covered 3685 miles. In March 1975, the ship passed the planned docking and during the year left behind the stern another 3780 miles passed in the Black Sea. In March 1976 - again docking, 4385 miles were covered in a year. According to the results of 1976, the RTO "Storm" was awarded a diploma of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the USSR and declared the best ship in the Navy for fire and tactical training (acted in the tactical group of RTOs under the command of Captain 2nd Rank D.G. Prutskov).
In April 1977 and 1978 - docking, 3138 miles and 2917 miles covered per year (respectively). From October 15, 1978 to October 15, 1979 - RTO "Storm" is undergoing an average repair at Shipyard No. 13 (in particular, during the repair, FVU-200 was replaced by FPU-200). In November 1979, the ship was docked again and covered only 268 miles in a year. In 1980, RTOs covered 2,771 miles. From May to December, the ship was equipped with active jamming equipment (code "Kilektor"), docking of RTOs took place in June 1980. In 1981, the ship was again declared "Excellent".
1982 became a serious test for the ship and its crew. In February, the communication equipment ADK-3 "Sluice" was placed on the ship and the RTO "Storm" for the first time entered combat service (BS) in the Mediterranean Sea. From April to July 1982, RTOs "Storm" and "Thunder", with the provision of a floating missile technical base (PRTB-13), performed the tasks of tracking surface ships of the US 6th Fleet, including. behind the attack aircraft carrier "John F. Kennedy" (side number 67). During the days of Israeli aggression on the land of long-suffering Lebanon, the RTO "Storm" was in June 1982 on the watch line in the combat area. According to the results of carrying the RTO BS, the rating was “Excellent”, 4956 miles were covered during the year.
In 1983, the RTO "Storm" passed 3710 miles (the ship was docked in January), sailing in the Black and Azov Seas. Based on the results of combat and political training (BP and PP), the Burya was declared an excellent ship in 1983, 1984, 1985 and 1987. In 1984, the ship covered 2198 miles, in 1985 - 3755 miles (docking in October), in 1986 - 1440 miles. In August 1987, RTOs again underwent docking and the replacement of two DGAS-300 diesel generators. According to the results of 1987, the ship was awarded a diploma of the commander of the KChF.
In 1988, the ship covered 3110 miles. In the period from March 19 to April 10, 1988, the RTO was based in the Poti naval base to train foreign crews, and from 19 to 23 October
October "Storm" takes part in the command-staff exercises (KShU) "Autumn-88" under the general supervision of the Minister of Defense of the USSR. In 1989, RTOs passed 1853 miles in the Black Sea. In February 1990, the RTO "Storm" passed the last docking and managed to cover 620 miles in a year. In December 1990, the lead ship of the project was withdrawn from the active fleet and put into conservation. In total, during its history, the RTO Burya traveled 60,287 miles, performed more than 50 launches of the P-120 Malachite anti-ship missiles, repeatedly performed two- and three-missile launches with the main strike complex at various distances and for various training purposes.
Since February 11, 1991, due to significant wear and tear of the materiel and lack of funds for repairs, the ship was excluded from the fleet and transferred to the Fleet Stock Property Department (OFI) of the KChF for scrapping. In the summer of 1991, the disarmament of the RTO began, which stood in the depths of the Karantinnaya Bay at berth No. 106. In June 1992, the Buri hull was brought to Inkerman and was dismantled for metal within two months. Known tail numbers: 354,964,602,604,603,608, 624.

The ship was laid down on November 5, 1967 on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard (serial number S-52) and on June 15, 1968 was added to the lists of ships of the USSR Navy. The launch took place on October 10, 1969, and in the spring of the following year, RTOs passed through inland waterways to the Black Sea to pass acceptance tests; on December 31, 1970, an acceptance certificate was signed. Since January 27, 1970, MRK-7 has been included in the 41st ObrRKA of the KChF (D-15/001/00). On February 9, 1971, MRK-7 was included in the KChF (military unit 81240) and on March 20, 1970 was excluded from the KChF (D-15/085) as a "numbered" ship. The same number of RTOs included in the KChF, as received the name "Breeze" (D-15/0436). Since April 25, 1970, Breeze has been listed in the RO of the 2nd category (D-15/006/35). In January 1972, the ship moved to its permanent base in Sevastopol. And he began to work out the tasks of the BP as part of the 166DN MRK. In 1973 "Breeze", together with the RTO "Groza", laid the foundation for the performance of combat services by small missile ships, during which the combat capabilities of the "Gadflies" were checked and the readiness of the crews for combat operations was assessed. July-August 1977 RTOs "Breeze" and "Zarnitsa" carry BS in the Mediterranean Sea, the ship has traveled 6380 miles. 11/18/1977 RTO "Breeze" was declared the best surface ship of the Black Sea Fleet, and the crew was excellent. 06-081978 RTOs "Breeze" and "Thunder" performed the tasks of the BS. 22-28 06 TG RTO paid a friendly visit to the port of Latakia SAR. This combat service for RTOs ended in the unsuccessful execution of artillery firing (AS) and anti-aircraft missile firing (ZRS). The ship lost the title of an excellent ship. The crew was rehabilitated the following year, 1979, performing the tasks of the BS together with the RTOs Grom and Zarnitsa. The ship performed combat exercises (BU) excellently and received the highest final mark for the BS. During the BS, 8200 miles were covered, a call was made to the Syrian port of Tartus. The ship was returned the title of "excellent". In 1980, the RTO "Breeze" was transferred to the 295th Red Banner Sulinsky division of the RTOs of the 41st BrRKA. As part of a detachment of warships (OBK), the KChF took part in a joint exercise of the Navy of Bulgaria and the USSR. In 1981 he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training as part of the KUG. 1981-1982 The ship has undergone an average repair. 1983 for the ship was the most intense for the entire time of service in the KChF, this year it covered 8239 miles in 69 annual days. In the course of working out the tasks of combat training (BP), the ship completed 3 PCs with strike weapons and 2 air defense systems. "Breeze" performed the tasks of the BS together with the RTO "Komsomolets of Mordovia" from 21. 11. 1983 on 01/05/1984 propeller middle valline. This episode served as a pretext for the Commander-in-Chief to conduct an exercise to urgently restore the ship's combat capability, as it received combat damage during the BS. 01/05/1984 "Breeze" returned to Sevastopol, was repaired in 10 days and was ready to return to the Mediterranean Sea to continue carrying the BS. However, by directive of the Navy Commander-in-Chief, he was reassigned to the 165th BrRKA of the Pacific Fleet and began preparations for the transition to the Pacific Ocean and carrying the BS in the South China Sea.
13.03. 1984 RTO "Breeze" under tow began the transition to the Pacific Fleet through the Suez Canal, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean. On June 22, 1984, he arrived at the PMB Kamran SRV and became part of the 119th brigade of surface ships (BrNK) of the 17th OPESK. Cam Ranh port is located on the peninsula of the same name in Khanh Hoa province in the southern part of Vietnam and includes two deep-water bays (Binh Boa and Cam Ranh). The USSR Navy has been functioning as a logistic support point (PMTO) since April 1980, and since 1983 ships and vessels of the 17th OPESK (operational squadron) of the KTOF have been based here. BS "Breeze" in the South China Sea, based at the Kamran PMTO, continued until 05/06/1985, then the ship under tow made a 20-day transition to the main base of the KTOF - Vladivostok. In total, the crew performed the assigned tasks in the expanses of the seas and oceans for 1 year and 2 months. 05/10/1985 RTO "Breeze" was included in the 192 DN MRK 165 BrRKA based in Uliss Bay, Vladivostok. RTO "Breeze" for five years periodically came to Cam Ranh and performed the tasks of the BS. After the next trip, on 08/01/1986, RTO "Breeze" arrived in Vladivostok and until 4. 1987 was undergoing a medium repair at Dalzavod. And on May 10, 1987 RTO "Breeze" again went to the BS in the PMTO Kamran, which it carried until May 20, 1988. degree. PMTO Cam Ranh ceased to exist on May 4, 2002. Then the last 50 officers, led by the commander of the unit, captain 1st rank Yuri Eremin, left the base on the Sakhalin-9 ferry. Then the ship was reassigned to the Kamchatka flotilla of diverse forces of the KTOF. And since August 19, 1988. to October 29, 92. was part of the 66 division of RTOs. In total, over the years of service in the fleet, the RTO "Breeze" completed 28 strike weapons and 7 times went to the BS in the Mediterranean and South China Seas. On October 29, 1992, the RTO "Breeze" was expelled from the Navy and transferred to
OFI for disarmament, dismantling and sale. The ship was disbanded on December 31, 1992 and laid up. Finally cut into metal in 1998 at SRZ-49 in Seldevaya Bay (Vilyuchinsk).
Known tail numbers: 356,962,611,602,612,430.

The commanders of the ship MRK-7 "Breeze":

captain of the 3rd rank Boris Ivanovich Zavyalov 1969-1973 cap.-l-t Yuri Stanislavovich Grebennik 1985-1991 captain of the 3rd rank Tsara Bopuevich Gaytov 1973-1978 cap.-l-t Vladimir Ivanovich Khodanov 1991 cap.-l-t Vladimir Vladimirovich Kharlov 1978 -1980 cap.-l-t Yuri Vladimirovich Arshin 1991-1992 cap.-l-t Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Yavorin 1980-1985.

The hull of the third RTO in the series (serial number S-53) was laid down on August 21, 1967 on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, on April 25, 1970, it was included in the lists of the Navy ships. The launching took place on July 22, 1970. Sea trials and firing of all RTOs of the Leningrad construction took place in the Baltic, based on the Baltiysk naval base. The ship was commanded by its first commander, Captain 3rd Rank Felix Frantsevich Machulin. For this period, the ships were subordinate to the commander of the 12th missile ship division. After the completion of the tests, the Whirlwind crossed the inland waterways from Baltiysk to Feodosia. The acceptance certificate was signed on September 30, 1971 and on November 1 the ship was included in the KChF, since the ships of project 1234 were specially created to destroy aircraft carriers in the Mediterranean. MRK "Whirlwind" arrived in Sevastopol from Feodosia on February 16, 1972 and became part of the 41st brigade of the RCA KChF. The second commander of the MRK was Nikolai Kirillovich Poshivalov.
In 1974, the Whirlwind and Grom RTOs entered the Mediterranean Sea and, while performing the tasks of the BS, for the first time used a new tactical technique from the position of tracking the movement of ships of the 6th Fleet by drifting. TG RTOs lay down to drift south of the island of Crete, being ready to set in motion and begin tactical deployment 15 minutes after the command was given. The total duration of tracking is 20-25 days. The whole burden of maintaining such readiness fell on the shoulders of a small crew - in fact, a running watch was being carried. The ships approached the border of the territorial waters of Greece (Crete), turned off the engines and drifted in a southerly direction. To evade ships following international routes, the ships periodically set off under one of the diesel engines. A day or two later, they again approached Fr. Crete, the action was repeated This tactic was continued and further developed. During the BS, the ships made a business call at the Tar-Tue settlement of the SAR for the production of PPO and PPR. The beginning of this campaign was marked by a curiosity. At the passage from Sevastopol to the Mediterranean Sea, while forcing the strait zone, the ship, at the entrance to the Sea of ​​Marmara, was completely de-energized and stopped (engines turned off). The reason is the sloppiness of the sailing watch, which allowed the complete exhaustion of fuel from the service tank and did not control the flow of high-pressure air (VVD) (the cylinders also turned out to be empty, and the sailors admired the shores of the Bosphorus). Deprived of the opportunity to inform its flagship (RTO "Grom") about the emergency, "Whirlwind" could become a serious obstacle to heavy shipping and cause an international incident. Fortunately, on the "Thunder" they noticed the plight of a colleague. We approached him and, with the help of strong words and sailor's hands, handed over to the "Whirlwind" a cylinder of compressed air weighing 500 kg. Incredibly, this operation was done without mechanical devices, and quite quickly.
In April 1975, Vikhr and Groza took part in a joint exercise of the strike forces of the allied fleets of the USSR, Romania and Bulgaria under the leadership of the Minister of Defense of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. In addition to the "Gadflies", from our side, the RCA pr.206MR participated, from the side of the allies - the RCA pr.205 and 205U. According to the plan, the allied fleet was supposed to launch a missile attack and destroy the enemy ship strike group, which was forcing the straits and breaking into the Black Sea. The role of the "enemy" was assigned to our ships, returning, at the end of the BS, home from the Mediterranean Sea. The "enemy" - the "blues", in turn, had to repel the attack and destroy the shock forces of the "reds". In the “Success” mode of the Titanit radar, the Gadfly received a reflection of the surface situation from the Tu-95RTs aircraft. The combat crews of the ships carried out the identification of the KUG during its movement in the Sea of ​​Marmara and carried out the guidance of the TG missile boats of the allies, being in the roadstead of the village of Sazopol (NRB). During the exercise, at its initial stage, a “strike” was dealt to the “enemy” KUG by a TG consisting of ... passenger hydrofoil ships (PC) of the “Meteor” type of Bulgarian shipping companies! The ploy was completely successful. The "enemy" cheerfully reported on the reflection of the "strike" and the "rout" of the "Red" grouping. What was his surprise when he was subjected to three successive "strike" TG RKA Bulgaria, Romania, USSR! The point in this exercise was put by RTOs "Whirlwind" and "Thunder", completing the "defeat" of the "blue". The technique of creating false directions was fully justified, since it allowed the main forces to covertly deploy into firing positions.
In the summer of 1977, the Whirlwind RTO was transferred from Sevastopol through the Suez Canal to Vladivostok and on August 31, 1977. joined the KTOF. He commanded the ship at the passage cap. 3rd rank Dmitry Fedorovich Ivanteev. In April 1987, he took part in the rescue of the crew of the dying RTO "Musson". On July 4, 1987, the ship was reassigned to the Kamchatka FRS KTOF. Since October 10, 1987 to August 9, 1994 was part of the 66th division of small missile ships. On July 26, 1992, the Andreevsky flag was raised on the ship. Excluded from the Navy on July 5, 1994 and handed over to the department for the sale of military property - the former OFI - (ARVI) for disarmament, dismantling and sale. Disbanded September 1, 1994. Known tail numbers: 351,955,425,432.

The commanders of the ship MRK "Whirlwind":

Cap.Z rank Machulin Felix Frantsevich, cap.Z rank Poshivalov Nikolai Konstantinovich, cap. l-t Ivanteev Dmitry Fedorovich, cap. of the 3rd rank Yakovlev Viktor Leonidovich, cap.- l-t Ostrikov Alexei, cap. of the 3rd rank Roshinets Vasily Iosifovich, cap. Lieutenant Tishin Vladimir Nikolaevich, cap.Z rank Kopot Petr Mikhailovich.

RTO "Volna"

The fourth ship of the series (serial number S-54), which became the first project 1234 ship to join the KSF. Laid down on September 27, 1968 at the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, entered into the lists of ships of the Navy on April 25, 1970, launched on July 20, 1971 and December 31, 1971 entered service. The first commander of the MRK was Captain 3rd Rank Alekseev. In January 1972, the ship was in Baltiysk, eliminating deficiencies, and on February 4, 1972, the Volna RTO was included in the DCBF under the command of Lieutenant Commander Georgy Vsevolodovich Cherokov. Based since January 1974 on Liepaja. On April 24, 1974, it was reassigned to the KSF and in May 1974 passed through inland waterways to the White Sea. Here the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy conducted a large exercise and a demonstration of new ships and military equipment the highest military command of the Armed Forces of the USSR. RTO "Volna" was based on the village of Granite. Passed a medium repair at SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk since August 10
1988 to October 1, 1989. In the spring of 1990, it was decommissioned, mothballed and laid up in the Sayda Bay (Naval Base Gadzhiyevo). It was expelled from the Russian Navy on June 30, 1993 and handed over to SARS, and on January 25, 1994 it was disbanded and later dismantled for metal. The well-known tail number is 528.

The fifth ship of the series, laid down on November 29, 1967 on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard (serial number S-55) and entered on October 20, 1970 in the lists of ships of the Navy. Launched on April 30, 1972, entered service on September 30, and on October 31, 1972 included in the DCBF (the first Gadfly in the Baltic). The ship under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Gladyshev (former commander of the Tambov Komsomolets RCA) was equipped with a Baltic crew from the 36th brigade of the RCA. In 1983, 1985 and 1987 won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy of the USSR for missile training as part of the KUG. He underwent a medium repair at SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk from November 1, 1989 to February 7, 1990. From July 26, 1992, the Grad RTO under the Andreevsky flag. On June 30, 1993, it was expelled from the Navy and transferred to the ARVI fleet for sale; on February 1, 1994, the ship was disbanded. Known tail numbers: 506,582,552

The laying of the hull of RTOs with serial number S-56 took place on January 9, 1969 at the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard, and on October 20, 1970, the RTO, which received the name "Groza" (military unit 49352), was included in the lists of ships of the USSR Navy. The crew of the "Thunderstorm" was formed in the 41st BrRKA on May 15, 1972, and cap. Z rank Danilchenko was appointed the first commander of the ship. Launching took place on July 26, 1972, and on December 26, the ship entered service and on January 31, 1973 was included in the DKBF. In the summer of the same year, the RTO "Groza" crossed the inland waterways to the Black Sea and from September 4, 1973 was included in the 41st brigade of the RCA KChF (166DN). October 30, 1973 RTO "Groza" for the first time entered combat service in the Mediterranean Sea together with the RTO "Breeze" in providing "PRTB-13" and successfully monitored the aircraft carrier "John F. Kennedy *. In 1976, the ship again carries the BS in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, together with the Zarnitsa RTO, with the support of the PRTB-33 *. In the spring of 1975, the RTO "Groza" went to sea to test the limits of autonomy, cruising range and the possibility of modernization. A group of specialists was on board the ship, and the Thunderstorm made the transition from Sevastopol to Batumi without calling at ports. Only fresh water reserves were replenished and, based on the results of the campaign, the possibility of increasing autonomy for a period of more than 10 days was confirmed and directions for increasing the combat capabilities of the project were determined. Decommissioned on September 1, 1990 and mothballed with sludge in Karantinnaya Bay (Sevastopol). On January 1, 1993, the Thunderstorm RTO was expelled from the Navy, and in September 1993, the disarmament of the ship began. On the morning of October 15, 1993, the Groza hull was towed to the mouth of the Black River, where it was dismantled for metal in Inkerman (Sevastopol) by the Vtorchermet enterprise. Known tail numbers: 363, 358, 970, 611, 613, 614, 604, 619.

The ship was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard on October 1, 1969 (serial number C-57) and on October 20 of the following year received the name "Thunder" (military unit 40199). By May 25, 1972, a crew was formed in the 41st brigade of the RCA of the Black Sea Fleet to receive the ship in Leningrad (according to staff 61/603-A). The first commander of the ship was Capt.-l-t Bondarenko Alexander Ivanovich. The launching took place on October 29, 1972; Since January 31, 1973, the ship was reassigned to the 166th Red Banner Novorossiysk division of the RTOs of the 41st brigade of the RCA KChF. During civil war in Lebanon (1975-1976) "Thunder" together with RTOs "Whirlwind" carries BS in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea when provided with "PRTB-33". For a long time, the ships "grazed" the American strike aircraft carrier Forrestal and were ready, upon receipt of an order, to immediately attack it with all Malachite missiles. In July-August 1978, RTOs "Thunder" and RTOs "Breeze * in support of" PRTB-13 * again carry BS in the Mediterranean Sea. In July-September 1979, this group is reinforced by RTOs Zarnitsa, in April-July 1982, Thunder is on the BS along with RTOs Burya and PRTB-13. The ships guard the coast of the SAR and successfully monitor the AUG of the aircraft carrier John F. Kennedy for 10 days. September 1, 1988 RTO "Grom" was put into reserve, mothballed and left in the sludge in b. Quarantine (Sevastopol). The RTO was listed as part of the 349th division of the RTO (together with the Thunderstorm and four missile boats - the R-44, R-71, Krasnodar Komsomolets and Kuibyshevsky Komsomolets). RTOs were reactivated from June 1, 1991 and from January 1, 1993 they were transferred to the 166th division (in connection with the disbandment of the 349th division). The commander of the ship is captain 3rd rank A.A. Ghukasyan (in the spring of 1995, he transferred to the Zarnitsa RTO as commander). On May 24, 1995, due to significant wear and tear of the material part and the inability to finance repairs, the RTO "Thunder *" was excluded from the combat strength of the fleet and disarmed at the pier of the Kurina Wall in Sevastopol. At 12 o'clock on September 26, 1996, the MB-36 * sea tug took the Grom * hull to the future firing area of ​​the fleet for use as a target. During the exercises, the Grom * corps was fired on September 27 cruise missiles"Termite", fired by BRAV installations from Cape Khersones at 11-47, 12-10, 12-35, from RTOs and from the Admiral Golovko missile cruiser. After a direct missile hit the superstructure from the port side, the Thunder did not sink, but continued to drift into the sea. At the end of the exercises, two R-334 and R-109 missile boats approached the ship, which tried to flood the Grom RTO by firing all their artillery ammunition at close range. Only "R-334" fired 1500 shells from AK-630M artillery tanks, but "Thunder" stubbornly did not want to sink, although its superstructure was on fire. There were no shells left on the boats, and a fire boat arrived to help them, which managed to flood the hull of the burning RTO on the evening of October 1, 1996 with water from fire monitors. Known tail numbers: 361, 976, 608, 604, 607, 622.

The ship was laid down on the stock of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard on July 27, 1970 (stock number C-58). October 20, 1970 he was given the name "Zarnitsa". It was launched on April 28, 1973 and on July 1, 1973 the Naval ensign was raised. After completing state tests in Baltiysk, he was enlisted in the Navy by order of the Civil Code of the Navy No. 0063 dated October 26, 1973. At the same time, by order of the commander of the KChF No. 0055, he was included in the composition of the ships of the KChF - in the 166th Red Banner Novorossiysk division of the RTOs of the 41st brigade of the RCA (military unit 63872). The first commander of the ship was captain-lieutenant Parygin Albert Nikolaevich. RTOs were based in Sevastopol on the berths of the Kurina Wall in the Northern Bay. For the period from 1973 to 1997, the Zarnitsa RTO performed 24 missile firing and 7 combat services. The first combat service of Zarnitsa took place from June 10 to August 8, 1975, together with the Grom and PRTB-33 RTOs. The detachment made a business call to the port of Tartus of the Syrian Arab Republic from July 19 to 24, 1975. The second BS of the ship took place from June 2 to July 12, 1976, together with the RTO "Groza" and "PRTB-33" in the Mediterranean Sea. The ships monitored the USS America and her escort 100 miles southeast of the island of Cyprus. By order of the Civil Code of the Navy dated December 24, 1976, the best tactical KUG in the USSR Navy was announced as part of the RTOs "Storm" and "Zarnitsa" (group commander Captain 2nd Rank D.G. Prutskov). The third BS took place in July-August 1977, together with RTOs "Breeze" and "PRTB-13". In July-September 1979, Zarnitsa carries the fourth BS together with Thunder and Breeze in support of PRTB-13. The fifth BS of the ship proceeded in April-May 1981 together with Breeze and Zyb in support of PRTB-13, the sixth - in May-August 1983 together with Komsomolets Mordovia and PRTB-33. In May-July 1984, the same composition of the KUG carries the last BS in the Mediterranean Sea, practicing interaction with long-range naval aviation. In 1981, the tactical KUG as part of the Breeze and Zarnitsa RTOs was declared the best in missile training for a sea target and was awarded the challenge prize of the GKVMF (commander of the tactical group - commander of the 166th DMRK Captain 3rd rank M.D. Grechukhin). In 1984, a tactical group consisting of RTOs "Komsomolets of Mordovia" and "Zarnitsa" (group commander - commander of the 166th DMRC Captain 2nd Rank V.V. Sedenko) and a tactical group of the RKA consisting of two missile boats of project 206MR - "R-260 ” and “R-262” (group commander - commander of the 349th DRKA captain 2nd rank V.A. Tsekhanovsky) were declared the best in the Navy in missile firing at a sea target and were awarded challenge prizes of the Navy Civil Code. According to the results of 1988, the tactical group of RTOs (Zarnitsa and Mirage) was declared the best in missile firing in the Navy (group commander - Captain 2nd Rank V.M. Saprykin). Commander of Zarnitsa Captain 3rd Rank Yu.I. Parkhomchuk received gratitude and was awarded a diploma, and the commander of the BC-5, Senior Lieutenant Yu.M. Klyuchenko was thanked. The sailors of Zarnitsa retained their high skill even after the collapse of the USSR. The tactical group of the 166th division as part of the Mirage and Zarnitsa RTOs (group commander - division commander captain 2nd rank A.B. Surov) was declared the best in the Navy in missile firing at a sea target and was awarded on September 24, 1993 with the challenge prize of the Civil Code of the Navy RF. On September 22, 1994, the tactical group "captain 2nd rank A.B. Surov as part of the Shtil and Zarnitsa RTOs again repeated the achieved high result. Until March 2002, the commander of the ships captain 3 (2) rank Artush was on the Zarnitsa bridge Arminakovich Ghukasyan. The ship almost every year participates in the celebration of the Day of the Russian Navy. Thus, on July 28, 1996, the Zarnitsa RTO performed demonstrative firing from passive jamming installations in front of the stands. On April 16-17, 1998, the RTO tactical group as part of the Bora RKVP, RTO " Calm" and "Zarnitsa" took part in the gathering of ships and formations of the Black Sea Fleet. Rocket firing was carried out at a difficult target position for the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy of the Russian Federation. KUG (commander - captain 2nd rank Kovalevsky A.G.) was declared the best in the Navy in terms of rocket firing at a sea target and was awarded the challenge prize of the Navy Civil Code.The Zarnitsa RTO successfully participates in the spring training campaign in 1999 and 2000. In November 2003, the Zarnitsa crew found chiefs in the person of the Krasnodar Territory.The commander of the RTO is Captain 3rd Rank O. A. Semenov signed an agreement on military patronage cooperation with the administration of the Krylovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Then the RTOs are put into reserve due to the wear and tear of the hull and lack of funds for repairs. The ship settles at the pier of the Kurina Wall and in 2004 is transferred under tugboats to settle in Karantinnaya Bay. Here it is slowly dismantled, and in the spring of 2005, officially expelled from the Navy. Weapons and equipment are being dismantled from RTOs, in September 2005 the Zarnitsa hull is transferred to the Kurina Wall berth for final dismantling, and in early November 2005 it is taken to Streletskaya Bay for subsequent disassembly for scrap metal. Known tail numbers: 363, 973, 972, 606, 607, 621.

RTO "Lightning"

The ship with the serial number S-59 was laid down at the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard on September 30, 1971 and on March 28, 1972 was included in the lists of the Navy ships under the name "Lightning". , and on February 7, 1974, the ship was included in the DCBF under the command of Lieutenant Commander A.V. Bobrakov. By the end of 1974, MRK Molniya became the first excellent ship in its class (since the fall of 1974, the ship has been commanded by Captain 3rd Rank Viktor Polischanov). Since January 1974, the RTOs "Lightning", "Volna" and "Grad" arrived at a new place of their permanent base - in the Winter Harbor of the port of Liepaja. In 1983 and 1985, the Molniya RTO won the prize of the USSR Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). Passed an average repair from October 21, 1987 to March 4, 1988 at SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk near Riga. On July 26, 1992, he raised the Andreevsky flag. The ship was part of the 106th division of the RTOs (military unit 72127) of the 76th brigade of the DBK (military unit 31062) and was based on Liepaja along with the RTOs "Grad", "Storm", "Passat", "Rainbow" and " Swell". After the withdrawal of the Baltic Fleet from the Baltic States, the ships of the division moved to Baltiysk and were transferred to the 36th Red Banner Order of Nakhimov, 1st degree, RCA Brigade (military unit 20963) of the 12th Missile Ship Division (military unit 81348). RTO "Lightning" (tail number 595) was excluded from the Navy and dismantled for scrap. Known tail numbers: 558, 595.

Enrolled in the lists of ships of the USSR Navy on March 28, 1972 and laid down on May 17 (factory No. S-60) on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard. The hull of the RTO Shkval was launched on December 28, 1973, and on June 14, 1974, the ship entered service (commander Lieutenant Commander Nikolai Vasilyevich Butochnikov). On July 16, Shkval was included in the 106th division of the RTOs of the DKBF / Directive of the General Staff of the USSR Navy dated March 12, 1974, the 106th division of small missile ships was formed (RTOs "Volna", "Lightning", "Grad" and "Shkval ". The division became part of the 76th brigade of destroyers of the 12th division of the RKB. The first commander of the 106th division was captain 3rd rank G.V. Cherokov, and the NS division - captain 3rd rank A.V. Bobrakov). delivery and preparation for the transition to other fleets of another 12 RTOs. In November 1975, RTOs intercepted the rebellious Storozhevoy TFR, and in November 1981 participated in the operation to free a Soviet diesel submarine that had run aground at the entrance to the Swedish naval base Karlskrona. In 1978, the Shkval RTO won the prize of the USSR Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). Passed a medium repair at SRZ-177 in Ust-Dvinsk from September 26, 1978 to February 22, 1980 and from December 12, 1984 to July 18, 1985. Decommissioned from the fleet on October 1, 1988 and mothballed in Liepaja. After the collapse of the USSR, it was withdrawn to Baltiysk, but was not commissioned, although it managed to change the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky on July 26, 1992. In April 1994, the RTO was still in conservation along with the same type "Grad" and "Rainbow". Later it was dismantled for metal. Known tail numbers: 551, 567, 565.

The hull of the eleventh RTO of the first series, which received the name Zarya (serial number S-61), was laid down at the Leningrad Primorsky Plant on October 18, 1972 and on June 4, 1973 was added to the lists of ships of the USSR Navy. The ship was launched on May 18, 1974, entered service on September 28, 1974, and transferred through the White Sea-Baltic Canal to the North, where it was included in the KSF. In 1982, he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG). Withdrawn from the fleet on September 11, 1986, mothballed and laid up in Dolgaya Zapadnaya Bay (Granitny village). On August 10, 1988, he was transferred to the Saida Bay (Gadzhiyevo Naval Base), where on July 26, 1992 he changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky. Excluded from the Russian Navy 5 The lead ship of project 1234 "Gadfly", was laid down on September 22, 1973 at the slipway of the Vladivostok Shipyard. Enrolled in the lists of ships of the USSR Navy on June 4, 1973. The Cyclone (serial number S-1001) was launched on May 24, 1977 on 5.12.77. the Naval flag was raised on the ship. This day became the birthday of the ship and was celebrated annually as a holiday. On December 31, 1977, the ship entered service, and on February 17, 1978, it was included in the KTOF under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Grigory Alekseevich Yuryev. From 1.10.78 the ship was part of 192 DN RTOs of the 165th Red Banner Missile Boat Brigade of the Primorsky Flotilla, stationed in Ulysses Bay, Vladivostok. The crew of the ship in 1979, for the first time in the Pacific Fleet, fired the main missile system to the maximum range. Between June 27, 1985 to 15.07.86 as part of the 119th brigade of the 7th OPESK, he served in the Cam Ranh naval base. From July 4, 1987, the RTO was part of the Kamchatka flotilla of diverse forces (created on December 1, 1945) in the 66th division of the RTO. On July 26, 1992, the Andreevsky flag was raised on the ship. It was expelled from the Navy on January 17, 1995 and transferred to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale. It was disbanded on June 1, 1995 and laid up in the bay of Bogorodskoye Lake (Petro-Pavlovsk-Kamchatsky). Here the ship was plundered by hunters for non-ferrous metal, who removed the bottom-outboard fittings and sank at the pier. Raised in 1998 by the forces of the Pacific Fleet UPASR and towed to the water area of ​​SRZ-49 (Seldevaya Bay, Vilyuchinsk), where it was prepared for towing to India for dismantling for metal. Known tail numbers: 430.412, 438.925

The commanders of the RTO "Zarya":

captain 3rd rank Grigory Alekseevich Yuryev 1976-1982 senior lieutenant Yuri Ivanovich Korobko 1990-1993 lieutenant commander Alexei Alekseevich Rybalochka 1982-1983 senior lieutenant Igor Anatolyevich Sabadakha 1993-199 lieutenant commander Sergei Anatolyevich Chernov 1983-1990

RTO "Typhoon"

The hull of the second RTO built in the Far East was laid down in Vladivostok on May 10, 1977, and on June 5 it was added to the lists of ships of the USSR Navy. The Typhoon (serial number S-1002) was launched on August 14, 1979, and on December 30, the ship entered service, and on January 12, 1980, it was included in the KTOF. Since December 1979 to April 1984 the ship was part of the 165th Brka of the KTOF Primorsky Flotilla and was located in Bolshoi Uliss Bay, Vladivostok. On April 9, 1984, it was reassigned to the KamFlRS KTOF. "Typhoon" was the first small missile ship in the 66th (separate since 1990) battalion of the RTO, which was included from 29.07. 84 to 1.12.1995 RTO "Typhoon" was the only ship
project 1234 from the 66DN RTOs, performing the tasks of the BS (06/10/85 - 05/27/86) in the South China Sea and part of the 10 OPESK. On July 26, 1992, the Andreevsky flag was raised on the ship. Due to bad technical condition and the impossibility of further use for its intended purpose, the ship was expelled on August 4, 1995 from the Russian Navy and handed over for disarmament in the ARVI of the fleet. It was disbanded on September 1, 1995 and in 1998 was dismantled for metal in the water area of ​​SRZ-49 (Seldevaya Bay, Vilyuchinsk). Known tail numbers: 994,427,400.

The commanders of the RTO "Typhoon":

Cap.-lt. Alexander Stanislavovich Sobolevsky 1979-1982 cap.-lt. Igor Vyacheslavovich Berezovsky 1986-1988 Cap.-lt. 3rd rank Pavel Maksimovich Chuchulin 1984-1985 cap.-l-t Sergei Ivanovich Kuznetsov 1994-1995 cap. 3rd rank Alexander Pavlovich Kuzmin 1985-1986

The third ship of project 1234, built by the Vladivostok Shipyard and part of the KTOF. RTO "Musson" was part of 192 DN 165 BrRKA of the Primorsky flotilla of the PC. Since 1982, it has been the leading ship of the formation, the right-flank of the socialist competition. RTOs traveled more than one thousand miles, performed five missile firings "excellently". In 1985, the commander of the Monsoon, Lieutenant Commander S. Kashuba, organized a competition among the ship's officers for the right to be called the best specialist of the unit, and this title was won by the navigator of the RTO, Senior Lieutenant V. Chichin, and the BCh-1 was recognized as the best in the division. The ship in 1984 had tail number 401, in 1987 - 414 and was supposed to take part in the fleet's spring exercises.

The death of RTO "Monsoon"

On April 16, 1987, the Monsoon, while at a naval exercise, was hit by an RM-15M training target missile launched from an R-42 missile boat from a distance of 21 km (the target missile could not be repelled by the ship’s self-defense means). The rocket pierced the left side of the Monsoon superstructure in the area of ​​​​the radio room; fuel and oxidizer, having mixed during the destruction of the rocket, ignited.
The fire quickly engulfed the ship (which was facilitated by the use of an aluminum-magnesium alloy in the design of the ship); fire extinguishing systems failed, the ship was de-energized, intra-ship communication was lost. The struggle for the survivability of the ship continued from 18:43 until midnight, when, having completely burned out, she lost her buoyancy and sank at a depth of 2900 m, 33 nautical miles south of about. Askold.
As a result of the disaster, 39 crew members died, another 37 people were saved.

The ship was laid down on February 19, 1973 in Leningrad (serial number S-62) and entered into the lists of the Navy ships on June 4, 1973. The launching took place on August 10, 1974, and the Metel RTO was transferred via inland waterways to the White Sea to undergo state acceptance tests. It entered service on December 8, 1974 and since January 23, 1975 it has been included in the KSF. In 1982, he won the prize of the State Committee of the Navy of the SSSP for missile training (as part of the KUG). Passed an average repair from September 28, 1990 to August 27, 1992 at SRZ-82 in the village of Roslyakovo.
On March 16, 1998, it was expelled from the Navy, handed over to the ARVI Northern Fleet for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and on May 1, 1998 it was disbanded. Known tail number - 923 (1977), 534 (1979), 542

RTO "Storm"

Enlisted in the lists of ships of the USSR Navy on June 4, 1973, and on October 20, it was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard. Launched on March 3, 1975, commissioned on June 15, 1975. Manned by the Black Sea crew and originally intended for service at the KChF, but on July 21 it was included in the DCBF. He won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG) in 1983,1985 and 1987. Raising the Andreevsky flag - July 26, 1992. On March 3, 1993, she got up to carry out a major overhaul at the SRZ-ZZ berth in Baltiysk, but did not complete it due to lack of funding. Excluded on March 16, 1998 from the Russian Navy and transferred to the ARVI BF for disarmament, dismantling and sale, and on May 1, 1998 - disbanded. Purchased by ZAO Litan for scrap metal. Known tail numbers: 902,577.

In the lists of the ships of the Navy of the USSR, the RTO, which received the name "Rainbow" (serial number S-64), was enrolled on June 4, 1973 and on January 16, 1974 was laid down on the slipway of the Leningrad Primorsky Shipyard. Launched on June 20, 1975, commissioned on December 1, and on December 26, 1975 included in the DCBF under the command of Captain 3rd Rank Vyacheslav Georgievich Kharybin. In November 1981, the Raduga RTO took part in securing the passage of a Soviet submarine refloated off the Swedish naval base Karlskrona. Three times he won the prize of the Civil Code of the Navy of the USSR for missile training (as part of the KUG) - in 1983,1985 and 1987. Passed a medium repair at SRZ-ZZ in Baltiysk from October 11, 1991 to October 1, 1993. Raising the Andreevsky flag - July 26, 1992. Excluded from the Navy on July 5, 1994 and transferred to SARS for disarmament, dismantling and sale. Disbanded on December 1, 1994. Known tail numbers: 565, 597, 564,582

Built within the framework of project 1234, code "Gadfly". Launched on May 24, 1977, and entered service on December 31, 1977, and already on February 17, 1978. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF).
From May 1985 to May 1986 Together with the RTO "Typhoon" - BS to Vietnam, South China Sea, Cam Ranh Bay. 07/26/1992 changed the Naval flag of the USSR to Andreevsky.
Board numbers: 430, 438, 425 (1984), 435 (1985), 412 (05.1987), 444 (05.1990). Decommissioned: 1995