Who caught Soviet Union remembers what a “scarce product” is. At that time, almost everything was in short supply: furniture, Appliances, good books, products. When they bought something in short supply, they even said: “I didn’t buy it, but I got it.” Currently, there is another problem - the problem of choice.

Which smartphone to buy: Apple, Samsung or Sony; car: Toyota, Wolkswaggen or maybe Chevrolet. And, of course, which camera is better – Nikon or Canon. 🙂 And how many product modifications there are in the line of a particular brand. Try to choose.

Someone turns to sales assistants in the store for help. And someone surfs the Internet, studying reviews of products of interest. I belong to the second category. Firstly, I am fascinated by the selection process itself, and secondly, sales consultants are often incompetent, especially in large shopping centers.

A little over a year ago we published an article. We wrote that the Nikon D5000 suits us quite well and that we are not going to buy a new camera. But, unexpectedly, it failed. IN service center They said that there was a high probability of the central board breaking. And in this case, repairs become impractical due to the very high cost. And the question arose - what model of camera should I buy?

A few years ago, the answer would have been clear - a cropped Nikon SLR camera of the five thousandth (D5xxx) or seven thousandth (D7xxx) series. Today, the choice is not so simple. Firstly, on the secondary market you can find full-frame D600 and D610 models in good condition at a reasonable price. I came across advertisements for saleNikonD600 for $800 andNikon D610 - for $1000, and the mileage of these devices did not exceed 10,000 frames, and outwardly they looked like new. And this is comparable in price to cropped modelsD7100, D7200 in stores in our city. Secondly, mirrorless cameras have caught up with SLR cameras in their capabilities, characteristics and ergonomics, and in some ways they have surpassed them.

The reasoning presented below is solely my personal opinion, based on reading a number of reviews and using some camera models.

Choosing a SLR Camera

1. Brand

Everything is simple with the brand. I have been a Nikon fan for over five years now. I am satisfied with everything: ergonomics, intuitive menu and, of course, the quality of the pictures. When using high-aperture optics and certain camera settings, you can obtain JPEG files of excellent quality that require virtually no processing. You can find out more about this. Plus, I acquired, albeit a small, fleet of lenses, which will have to be changed when switching to another system (Canon, Pentax or Sony).

1. Model

Choosing a specific model is a more difficult task. I considered the following options for purchase: D5200, D5300, D5500, D7100, D7200 - with an APS-C format matrix (crop factor 1.5 - the matrix area is 1.5 times smaller than that of full-frame cameras) and D600, D610 - cameras with a full-frame matrix. I didn’t want to buy Nikon D3200 and D3300 because of their limited functionality (only 11 focusing points with one cross-shaped one, no exposure bracketing, no time-lapse shooting function, etc.) Cameras that are higher in the model range than Nikon D610 were not considered due to high cost. I also didn’t want to buy a camera older than 2012. Technological progress does not stand still. New cameras are equipped with more advanced matrices, processors, autofocus modules, and become lighter and more convenient to operate.

Of course, Nikon D610 is a favorite among the cameras listed. A full-frame 24-megapixel sensor, which, according to the DxOmark website, allows you to shoot with virtually no noise up to ISO values ​​of 3000 units. While for other cameras under review this figure is approximately 1300 units, with the exception of Nikon D600. "Six hundred" in its characteristics is not much different from the D610. But many photographers who bought this camera complained about droplets of oil and small particles from the shutter that appeared on the sensor over time. Nikon recognized the problem, and a year later released a replacement - Nikon D610, practically the same camera, but with a new shutter mechanism, which also increased the continuous shooting speed from 5 to 6 frames per second.

Users of full-frame cameras claim that their cameras produce images with smoother tonal transitions, different geometry, and a greater degree of blur (bokeh). My eye does not see differences in tonal transitions and geometry in photographs taken on full-frame cameras and cameras with an APS-C matrix. And I’m quite happy with the degree of blur on matrices with a 1.5 crop. Therefore, the only important difference remains - the ability to shoot at high ISO values ​​with little noise.

But at the same time, the Nikon D610 has a number of disadvantages that are significant for me. The heavy weight of the camera itself (850 grams versus, for example, 470 for the Nikon D5500), the greater weight and price of lenses designed for devices with a full-frame matrix. IN bus tour“Royal Lights of Benelux”, I carried it around my neck for 11 days from early morning until late eveningNikonD5000 (560 grams) with lensNikkor 18-105mm (450 grams). And at the end of the trip my neck said: “Enough! I'm tired! Don’t even think about buying heavy cameras in the future!” 🙂

Another disadvantage is that the focus points in the Nikon D610 cover a much smaller part of the frame than in the D5200, D5300, D5500, D7100 and D7200. This is not critical, but it is not convenient. When manually selecting focus points, you will often have to recompose the frame (you focus on one of the points, most often the central one, press the shutter button halfway, recompose the frame, press the shutter and take a photo). Lastly, the D610 doesn't have a rotating screen. Some will say, “That’s not a negative,” but I’m used to the convenience that a rotating screen provides—the ability to shoot from a low point without lying on the ground, and with your arms outstretched, seeing what you’re shooting (controlling the frame). The D750, one of the latest full-frame cameras released by Nikon, does not have these disadvantages (except weight). But the price of $2000 for a new model and $1500 on the secondary market is daunting.

Despite all of the above, the Nikon D610 is an excellent camera that allows you to take beautiful photos in almost any shooting conditions. For those who are buying their first DSLR with a full-frame sensor, this is an excellent choice.

The D5200, D5300, D5500, D7100 and D7200 models, in my opinion, produce images of the same quality. Of course, the seven thousandth series is more advanced compared to the five thousandth. This includes a larger number of control elements (buttons and wheels) on the camera body, an additional monochrome screen for controlling shooting parameters, dust and moisture protection of the body, more advanced autofocus with 51 focusing points (15 of them cross-shaped) versus 39 points (9 cross-shaped), the best viewfinder, two slots for memory cards, a built-in motor (“screwdriver”) that allows you to fully use lenses without a focusing motor, advanced work with external flashes. But the weight is greater - 765 grams, and the price. The new Nikon D7100 Body costs $900, Nikon D7200 Body – $1100. On the secondary market, for an “unkilled” D7100 they ask for $600-650, for a D7200 – $800-850, at least in our area. If you are going to carry a heavy camera, then a full-frame one, especially since its cost is not much more expensive. I would choose a used D610 over a D7100 or D7200.

But, since one of the determining factors is weight, I am still inclined to the five thousandth series. Moreover, I can do without an additional display and a slot for memory cards, I rarely use external flashes, and all my lenses have a built-in focusing motor. Dust and moisture protection is a useful option, especially for travel enthusiasts. But we must not forget that the lenses used must be dust- and moisture-proof. And this, as I understand it, only applies to top-end lenses with a high cost.

In the Nikon D5000, I lacked a separate button for switching focus areas (automatic selection of focus points or focusing on a selected point) and an additional wheel for quickly changing ISO. But in the D5200, D5300 and D5500 the situation has changed. Firstly, the Auto-ISO function appeared. Now there is no need to constantly monitor the sensitivity value, just set the upper threshold or range - the minimum and maximum ISO values ​​and the camera itself will select the required shutter speed or aperture values ​​(depending on what mode you are shooting in). I use aperture priority mode more often than others, and one control wheel will be enough for me to change the aperture value. Secondly, switching focus areas can be set to a separate button; the Nikon D5000 did not have this option. That is, in the new models of the five thousandth series, I can control all the shooting parameters I need without taking my eyes off the viewfinder and without delving into the menu.

Among the D5200, D5300 and D5500, I would choose the golden mean - the D5300. On the one hand, it is superior to the D5200 in a number of parameters - a new processor, the presence of built-in GPS and Wi-Fi modules, a display with a larger diagonal and less weight. On the other hand, the D5500 differs from the D5300 only in the presence of a touch screen, slightly lighter weight and a slightly improved battery. The new Nikon D5200 Body costs $500, the D5300 costs $550, and the D5500 costs $750. On the secondary market you can buy a D5200 for about $300, a D5300 for $400, and a D5500 for $600-650. For this money you can find a camera with a low mileage, 4000-6000 frames, and often even with a Nikkor 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 kit lens included.

To summarize, from SLR cameras I'm leaning towards buying a Nikon D5300. But I find myself thinking that I would like a full-frame Nikon D750. Maybe there is still some kind of magic in cameras with a full-frame matrix.

Choosing a mirrorless (system) camera

1. Brand

There are about ten manufacturers represented on the mirrorless, or as they are also called, system cameras market. But I think it makes sense to only consider Panasonic, Olympus, Sony and FujiFilm. It is the listed companies that set the tone in this market segment, constantly releasing new, more advanced models of cameras, optics and various accessories for them.

From the title of the article it should be clear that I chose FujiFilm cameras and here's why. Olympus and Lumix cameras (manufactured by Panasonic) are equipped with Micro 4/3 format matrices; they are also called double-crop, since the matrix area is half that of full-frame models. Small sensor means more noise at high ISO values. Indeed, DxOmark publishes data that the working ISO of these cameras is within 900 units. IN Lately For me, the main subject of photography is my growing daughter. And since a child is a perpetual motion machine and a jumper, in order to get a sharp shot, you have to shoot at shutter speeds no longer than 1/200 of a second. We often walk in the evening. And to get such a shutter speed, even with open apertures, you have to raise the ISO to 1600 units and higher. At these values, Olympus and Lumix cameras begin to develop color noise, which is difficult to combat at the post-processing stage.

Sony is developing two directions in the system camera segment: a line with an APS-C matrix - A3xxx, A5xxx, A6xxx and a line of full-frame cameras - A7. A3xxx are ultra-budget cameras, the size and weight of which are comparable to entry-level SLR cameras. Essentially a mirrorless camera in a DSLR body. A pointless purchase for those who want to switch to mirrorless cameras due to their size and weight advantages.

A5xxx and A6xxx – good models, which replaced the rather successful NEX series. But for me personally they are not easy to use. And we are not talking about a small number of control elements on the body. This is exactly all right. The overall ergonomics of these cameras is such that they feel like a foreign element in my hands. And if the device is inconvenient to use, you don’t want to buy it.

Full-frame Sony A7s, on the contrary, fit like a glove in your hand, they have excellent weight for full-frame cameras (up to 500 g) and excellent image quality. But very expensive optics. For example, the Sony 24-70mm f/4 standard zoom lens, which is not the fastest, costs $1,000, the Sony 70-300mm f/4.5-5.6 telephoto lens costs $1,500, and these are far from the most expensive options. I don’t want to buy a camera for $1,500 and pay three times more for the necessary lenses.

That leaves Fujifilm.

1. Model

This manufacturer has two models that interested me - X-T10 and X-T1, the prices of which with a Fujinon 18-55mm f/2.8-4 lens are $1000 and $1500, respectively. I also like the new flagship X-T2, but I don’t like its price - about $2000 for the camera without lens. What attracted me to it? Fujifilm cameras? Ergonomics (fit perfectly in the hand, a lot of control elements on the body), a large viewfinder that is really convenient to use, the presence of a folding screen, a very good in-camera JPEG with built-in film profiles.

There is no data on the matrix characteristics of these cameras on DxOmark. This is probably due to the fact that Fuji, when producing X-series cameras, used not standard Bayer sensors, but proprietary matrices made using X-Trans CMOS technology (crop factor 1.5). But, on the dpreview website for most modern cameras it is possible to evaluate the noise level at various ISO values. In my opinion, when compared with Nikon cameras, the working ISO of the Fujifilm X-T10 and X-T1 is in the range between models with cropped matrices D5xxx, D7xxx and full-frame D610, and closer to the latter.

The optics of the X series cameras are also fine. To date, more than two dozen lenses have been released for the Fujifilm X-Mount mount (there are only three standard zoom lenses: Fujinon 16-50mm f/3.5-5.6, 18-55mm f/2.8-4 and 16-55mm f/2.8) . Among them there are both budget options, for example, the Fujinon XC 50-230mm f/4.5-6.7 telephoto lens for $300, and fast dust-proof and splash-proof lenses – Fujinon XF WR 50-140mm f/2.8 – $1500. Moreover, according to reviews, even inexpensive lenses allow you to take pictures of excellent quality.

Of the relatively new cameras equipped with a viewfinder, at a reasonable price, there is also the X-E2 and its modification, the X-E2s ($1000 with a Fujinon 18-55mm f/2.8-4 lens and $800 with a Fujinon 16-50mm f/3.5-5.6 ). The quality of photos obtained from these cameras will be the same as that of the X-T1 and X-T10. All four models have the same matrix and processor. But, the X-E2 and X-E2s remind me of the Sony A5xxx and A6xxx cameras. In addition, compared to the X-T1 and X-T10, they have a small viewfinder, lack a rotating screen, and do not fit as comfortably in the hand.

If you choose between T1 and T10, “one” is better for a man’s hand. The T10 is a bit small for me personally and it’s not that comfortable to drive. The differences are as follows: the X-T10 does not have dust and moisture protection, is equipped with a smaller viewfinder (although with the same 2.36 megapixel resolution), and does not support high-speed SD UHS II memory cards. Another disadvantage is the smaller buffer capacity, which imposes limitations when shooting continuously. But, again, the image quality of these cameras is the same.

So, most likely, my choice is the Fujifilm X-T10. And the difference of $500 is better spent on optics. As an option, you can consider buying a used X-T1. But, on our peninsula, a used “unit” is a rare visitor, and it’s scary to buy through shipping, you don’t know in what condition they will be sent.

Just the other day the companyFujifilm released a new cameraX— T20 with the same matrix and processor as the flagshipX— T2, but slightly reduced in functionality. Its cost with lensFujinon 18-55 mm f/2.8-4 is about $1300. A good option - practically a flagship, only in a smaller case, without dust and moisture protection and a number of other points. But allowing you to get quality photosX— T2.

DSLR or mirrorless – Nikon vs. FujiFilm

By and large, the only thing that doesn’t suit me about DSLR cameras is the weight. As mentioned above, even the weight of younger models in conjunction with some lenses is more than a kilogram. And if you take a full-frame camera and several lenses, then such a system can weigh up to several kilograms. The greater weight of the camera and lens means you need a strong, stable tripod - that's a couple more kilograms.

This could be the end of the comparison section, but I decided to make a list of the positive qualities of each of the systems – mirrored and mirrorless.

1. Pros of a DSLR camera

Dimensions. Personally, I find it much more convenient to use a DSLR camera. It is more grippy and balanced even when using large lenses. And some mirrorless cameras paired with a telephoto lens resemble a smartphone with telescope. It looks strange and is extremely inconvenient to use.

A large number of optics and accessories. Due to the fact that DSLRs have been on the market much longer than mirrorless ones, there are more different accessories and optics for them. This is due not only to companies that directly produce DSLRs - Nikon, Canon, Pentax, Sony, but also to third-party manufacturers - Tamron, Tokina, Samyang and a number of others.

Lower system cost. This primarily concerns the amateur segment, because professional Nikon cameras and Canon cost like an inexpensive foreign car. But, if you compare, for example, lenses for cropped cameras, it turns out that SLR systems are cheaper. The new Nikon 35mm f/1.8G AF-S DX costs $200, and the Fujinon XF 35mm f/2 WR costs $400; Nikon 50mm f/1.8G AF-S DX again $200, faster Nikon 50mm f/1.4G AF-S – $400, Fuji – Fujinon XF 50mm f/2 WR – $500 and Fujinon XF 56mm f/1.2 for $1100. It should be noted here that Fujinon lenses with the WR mark are dust and waterproof, and 56mm is super-fast. But such moments are of interest primarily to professionals. In the secondary market there is generally freedom for owners of mirror systems. You can buy a “fifty kopeck” for $100, a fast zoom like Tamron 17-50mm f/2.8 for $150, and, for example, a good kit - Nikon D7000 with a Nikon 18-105mm f/3.5-5.6 lens for only $400 (or something similar from Canon).

Optical viewfinder. The main advantage of the optical viewfinder (OVF) is that when using it, the human eye does not have to readjust, it is always comfortable. The electronic viewfinder (EVF) of mirrorless cameras is essentially a small TV. The brightness of its picture may differ from what it actually is. In this case, the eye will need to adapt to new conditions each time in order to begin to confidently see what may cause discomfort. In addition, some photographers claim that if you use the electronic viewfinder for a long time, the second eye (which is closed) begins to see poorly and cannot focus for some time. Also, EVI is not very convenient for continuous shooting. If in JVI, the photographer always sees what is happening in the frame and can constantly keep the subject in the right point, then the electronic viewfinder, after the picture is taken, shows a black screen for a couple of moments. During this time, the subject may move and the next shot will not work.

Separate phase focus sensors. Thanks to this, today's SLR cameras are still better at focusing in tracking mode. Children and animals playing, sporting events, wedding coverage - all these scenes are best shot in tracking mode.

1. Pros of a mirrorless (system) camera

Compactness of the system (weight and dimensions). One of the main advantages of mirrorless cameras, at least for me personally, is their weight. For example, a Nikon D7100 with a Sigma 17-70 f/2.8-4 lens weighs 1 kilogram 300 grams, and a Fujifilm X-T10 with a Fujinon 18-55mm f/2.8-4 weighs 700 grams. And these, in my opinion, are cameras of the same level. And, of course, compactness. I often want to take a small camera with me. They don't pay much attention to it, i.e. you can take photographs where, with a big black SLR, you will most likely be kicked out. You can take more lenses, etc.

Modern optics. Mirrorless cameras have recently appeared on the market. And since they are structurally different from SLR lenses, engineers had to develop new lenses for them. The optics were created specifically for matrices with a large number of megapixels. While a number of lenses used on SLR cameras were released quite a long time ago, for matrices with a resolution of 6-12 megapixels, and not 24 and higher, like many modern cameras. Because of this, as a rule, only the central part of the photo turns out sharp. Modern optics of mirrorless cameras allow you to take photographs with uniform sharpness across the entire field of the frame.

Lack of back focus, front focus. Again, due to design features, mirrorless cameras do not have back- and front-focus problems, i.e. when the lens focuses not on the subject, but behind or in front of it. This is a fairly common problem with SLR cameras, especially when third-party optics are used.

Electronic viewfinder. The undoubted advantage of EVI is that the photographer sees the end result in it. Those. if the frame is overexposed (too light) or underexposed (too dark), this is immediately visible, and you can quickly make the necessary exposure compensation. In addition, EVI allows you to enlarge the picture so that you can accurately determine the degree of sharpness of the future photograph.

Mirrorless cameras are better. Or, at a minimum, they have a number of functions that their mirror counterparts lack. This is also the ability to focus across the entire field of the frame, and not just in the central zone. And various assistant functions for working with non-autofocus optics - focus picking, focusing wedges. Silent shooting, shutter speed up to 1/32000 second inclusive and a number of other advantages.

The Nikon 1 series is a unique example of how photo manufacturers must find a way out of difficult situations against the backdrop of a changing market. While maintaining a strong position in the DSLR segment, Nikon has been able to find its own special niche in the emerging mirrorless class by creating a number of models with a unique set of characteristics.

Nikon 1 V3

Nikon 1 V3

18.3 MP 10-30 mm PDF3.5-6.6 3” 36,000 rubles.

The Nikon 1 series is a unique example of how photo manufacturers must navigate difficult situations in a changing market. While maintaining a strong position in the DSLR segment, Nikon has been able to find its own special niche in the emerging mirrorless class by creating a number of models with a unique set of characteristics. One of these, of course, winning discoveries is the V3 camera, the analogs of which cannot be found among its competitors.

As the main trump card in the struggle for the attention of photographers, the developers took advantage of the main advantage of the Nikon 1 system - the rate of fire provided by a small inch format matrix. Featuring an updated 18-megapixel back-illuminated CMOS sensor and 105 pairs of phase detection autofocus sensors spread across virtually the entire frame, the camera delivers absolutely incredible performance. A shooting speed of 60 fps with a series duration of 40 images in RAW format with locked focus and 20 fps with active focusing cannot now be provided by any “system” compact. Moreover, there was nothing like this even in the professional mirror segment.

Nikon 1 V3 also demonstrates excellent results in high-speed video shooting. 120fps recording mode is now available when selecting a resolution of 1280x720 pixels. The video graphics functionality provides full control of exposure parameters, control of the audio recording level, and the ability to use an external microphone, including a condenser one, since the audio jack provides power if necessary.

To emphasize the main advantage of the Nikon 1 system - compactness - the body design has been significantly redesigned. The device has become significantly smaller than its predecessors. The substantial protrusion of the handle has shrunk to a slight bulge, but those who value comfort and ergonomics over compactness can take advantage of an additional accessory - a removable handle equipped with a second release button and a wheel with customizable functions. The built-in electronic viewfinder became a victim of minimizing the dimensions of the body. However, the manufacturer offers those who like to compose their frame while looking through the eyepiece to use the optional external viewfinder. It has excellent characteristics, in particular it demonstrates 2.3 million dots.

Nikon 1 V2

Nikon 1 V2

14.3 MP 10-30 mm F3.5-5.6 3” 26,000 rubles.

If Nikon 1 V3 can be recommended as a second camera for professional photographers, then the V2, which has faded into the background and has fallen in price, has every chance of becoming attractive among amateurs. It doesn't have the same performance as its successor and doesn't offer the same sophisticated ergonomics, but it's still a small, fast camera with plenty of settings and manual control options. And if you consider that it is offered at a price lower than a number of much less capable amateur “systems,” then it is certainly worth considering for keen photographers.

Compared to most mid-range mirrorless cameras, the V2 looks like a baby. The magnesium alloy body and large, quite comfortable handle make the device easy to use and well balanced. Two parameter selection wheels allow you to work relatively quickly with setting shooting settings.

The rate of fire inherent to all Nikon 1 cameras is supported by the fast response of the electronics to user requests and fast and sensitive hybrid autofocus. Compactness is achieved not least due to the small inch sensor. When shooting, two processors are used at once, each of which is responsible for its own area of ​​work, which allows the camera to achieve impressive (albeit not as record-breaking as the V3) performance. The device can record pictures at up to 15 fps and keep the subject in focus. Predictive shooting mode, or “Slow View” as it’s called here, allows you to record a series of photos even before you press the shutter release, making it much easier to capture the right moment in the frame.

Specifications:

Nikon 1 J4

Nikon 1 J4

14.3 MP 10-30 mm F3.5-5.6 3” 19,900 rubles.

The fourth generation of “system” cameras of the Nikon J series, to a greater extent than its predecessors, corresponds to generally accepted ideas about what a modern amateur camera should be. The new product turned out to be well balanced in terms of functionality, dimensions and control structure. A simplified interface and a set of automated shooting controls should help beginners master the technique and ultimately get good results. At the same time, the camera offers a range of both creative and entertainment functions.

Thanks to the touch screen that appeared in this camera, the user has the opportunity to change it as needed by simply pointing his finger at the screen, and not remember in which menu or what combination of keys or wheels it is installed. By tapping on the screen, it is more convenient to control the palette of artistic software filters, applying the desired effect in the required quantity in a certain area of ​​the image. If the traditional control method is closer or you are too lazy to take off your gloves in the cold (the resistive screen is activated only by contact with the skin), then touch input can be used only for some operations - for example, to select the focusing area - and all other actions can be performed using keys on the body.

From the flagship V3, the latest amateur model borrows more powerful electronics and a sensor latest generation with phase detection autofocus sensors. Thus, despite a noticeable increase in resolution, and therefore the amount of graphic information to process, the J4 can now also shoot 20 fps with continuous autofocus. True, the buffer memory here is smaller, so the series will be shorter. The video mode has increased in frame rate when using the Full HD format.

Transferring material shot on the J4 through a card reader will not be very convenient, since microSD cards are used as storage media - extremely miniature, quite fragile, and most importantly, created precisely to get lost. An alternative would be a module for transmitting photos and videos via Wi-Fi: not very fast, but much more reliable. With its help, you can eliminate saving finished material on your computer as an intermediate step and immediately send pictures and videos to online galleries or social networks.

Nikon 1 AW1

Nikon 1 AW1

14.3 MP 11-27.5 mm F3.5-5.6 AW 3” 26,000 rubles.

Speaking about the Nikon 1 paradigm as a deposit of unique “system” cameras, we cannot fail to mention the AW1 camera. It can be submerged in water and film at depths of up to 15 meters without expensive housings or specialized lens ports. Previously, only compacts with built-in optics could boast of this ability. The AW1 has two waterproof lenses to choose from. Naturally, all other Nikkor optics are available on land, including models produced for DSLRs. And although the inch format imposes some restrictions on the quality of the resulting images, the photographs taken from the AW1 will certainly be much better than those from amphibious compacts.

The designers tried to give the durable sealed structure a completely “secular” appearance, and unlike many “waterfowl” cameras, the Nikon 1 AW1 does not in any way betray its specialization. It will look appropriate and discreet in any situation, not just in a dive center or ski resort.

With external neutrality, the camera is quite suitable for extreme travel. Thanks to the additional reinforcement of the design, the camera is not afraid of falling from a height of 2 meters on land. The device remains fully operational even when left in the cold for a long time. A built-in GPS module with an electronic compass and altimeter is additional useful functionality for a travel photographer. This camera, like the rest of the Nikon 1 system, stands out for its fast response to user actions, powerful autofocus and fast burst processing. So photographing extreme sports, which also involves unfavorable environmental conditions, is the most suitable work format for her.

Specifications:

Nikon 1 S2

Nikon 1 S2

14.3 MP 10-30 mm F3.5-5.6 3” 15,600 rubles.

In terms of affordability in the entry-level segment, only Samsung cameras can compete with the S2 (if, of course, we consider current and not outdated models). This camera is worth paying attention to those who are looking for greater versatility and higher quality shooting in a camera than compacts in this price range can offer, but at the same time value “pocketability”. Here the only competitor to the S2 will again be the Samsung NX Mini, but the competitor is significantly inferior in terms of the number of available lenses.

With a low resolution of 14 megapixels, the sensor attracts other advantages. First of all, it is equipped with sensors for determining sharpness by the difference in the phases of light waves. Thanks to this, autofocus is not only accurate, but also fast. Don't underestimate the focusing efficiency of an entry-level camera, as it the target audience is unlikely to be puzzled by manual focusing. There is no low-pass filter on the sensor; moire suppression is performed by software. This results in greater real-world image detail than most cameras with higher nominal resolutions. The Expeed 4A processor enables continuous shooting at 20fps at full image size and with active autofocus. The model differs from the J4 in its smaller dimensions, a regular display with medium resolution and the absence of Wi-Fi. If necessary, a wireless interface will be available as an option: the WU-1a miniature transmitter will add missing but popular functionality.

It’s done: another photo giant has announced its own full-frame mirrorless system. This family is currently represented by two cameras, Nikon Z7 and Nikon Z6 (mentioned in the order of their availability), and three lenses: one zoom Nikkor S 24-70mm f/4 and two fixed focal lengths, Nikkor S 50mm f/1.8 and Nikkor S 35mm f/1.8.

In this material, as part of our first acquaintance, we will talk about general principles designs and work new system, which are characteristic of both Nikon mirrorless cameras, as well as about the optics for the new mount, and we will present the test data we received in the laboratory for the Nikkor S 24-70mm f/4 and Nikkor S 35mm f/1.8 lenses.

Full reviews of the Nikon Z7 and Nikon Z6 cameras, including lab testing and hands-on photography tests, will be published separately.

Nikon Z mirrorless system

Let's immediately highlight the most important ones general signs new system.

Main

• New Nikon Z mount
• The camera bodies are metal, made of magnesium alloy
• The internal volume of the devices is protected from the penetration of dust and moisture into it
• New Expeed 6 processor
• Hybrid phase and contrast focusing with phase detectors covering 90% of the frame area
• Focus peaking (highlighting the contours of objects in the sharpness zone)
• Secondary information display
• 3.69 MP electronic viewfinder, 0.8× magnification, 60 fps refresh rate
• 3.2-inch flip-out touchscreen with 2.1 MP resolution
• Fully silent shooting mode (electronic shutter only)
• Possibility of shooting with electronic front curtain
• In-camera 5-axis image stabilization, providing up to 5 stops of exposure gain (according to CIPA)
• Electronic image stabilization when shooting video
• UHD 4K 30fps video recording
• Video recording in Full HD 1920×1080 up to 120 fps with rapid effect (slow motion) up to 4 times
• Saves N-Log settings with 10-bit color encoding (4:2:2) when recording video from the HDMI port
• New EN-EL 15b lithium-ion batteries
• Fully functional hot shoe (ISO 518)
• USB 3 and HDMI interfaces (with support for shooting control by input channel)
• Ability to charge batteries via USB port
• Availability of audio input for external microphone and audio output for headphones
• Wi-Fi with SnapBridge + Bluetooth

What's missing from Nikon Z:

• No built-in flash
• There is no function for creating auto panoramas inside cameras
• No global positioning (GPS) support
• No NFC (Near Field Communication) adapter
• No backup of footage on media (only one memory card slot)

By announcing its own full-frame mirrorless system, Nikon repeated the historical step taken by its competitor on October 16, 2013, when the Sony α7 (ILCE-7) and α7R (ILCE-7R) devices were released. The unreadable abbreviation in the model names means Interchangeable Lens Camera with Sony E mount (camera with interchangeable lenses and Sony E mount). It has not caught on in everyday life, and we, like most others, will continue to call them α7, α7R, etc.

The Sony α7 in terms of “megapixel count” exactly matched the current Nikon Z6 (24 MP, 6000×4000), and the Sony α7R was closer to the Nikon Z7 (since there were no higher resolution sensors). By the way, the Sony α7R sensor (36.4 MP, 7360×4912) was installed in the Nikon D810 DSLR, which was released in June 2014, and some hotheads immediately began to prophesy about the imminent end of full-frame “mirrorless” cameras: they say, who needs these unfinished toys when you have a full-fledged DSLR Nikon D810! The prediction did not come true. Today, Sony already has three generations of cameras α7 and α7R, two generations α7S and a “new approach” with α9, and five years later Nikon itself followed the “bad example” of its competitor.

The Nikon Z “sisters” are positioned in the same way as the Sony “sisters”: the Z6, like the Sony α7, is for amateurs and photography enthusiasts, and the Z7, like the α7R, is for professionals. Of course, a lot has changed since the announcement of the Sony α7, and one can only regret the delay, because much was missed and useful experience was not gained, but, firstly, better late and something than nothing and never, and secondly, experience can be adopted, because everyone learns from mistakes, but smart people prefer other people’s mistakes rather than their own.

Nikon Z mount

The main surprise that the manufacturer presented in its full-length mirrorless system is the new Nikon Z mount. Now its ring is attached not with five, as was the case with Nikon F, but with four screws, the electronic interface block has increased from 8 to 11 contacts, but this is not yet The most interesting. The internal diameter (clearance) of the Nikon Z has become noticeably larger, and this may seem unnatural at first.

The Nikon Z mount for mirrorless cameras has a clearance that is 5 mm larger than the diameter of the Nikon F mount for DSLR cameras

Due to the larger internal diameter of the mount, as Nikon officials explained to the public, it is easier for them to create higher-aperture optics for the new system. And the public’s reaction to this statement turned out to be, as always, peculiar, and some overly active representatives of the photo community began to speculate on the company’s possible transition to using medium format sensors in future cameras.

Let us provide an explanation on this topic. In our opinion, the Nikon Z mount will not be able to work for the needs of modern digital medium format, even theoretically, not to mention the practical implementation of this idea. The fact is that the sensors installed in modern mirrorless medium format cameras, for example, in Fujifilm G and Hasselblad XD, have physical dimensions of 44x33 mm, and their diagonal exceeds 55 mm. And the internal diameter of the Nikon Z mount is limited to 52 mm. You can, of course, cut out corners in a metal flange to accommodate such a sensor, but it is difficult for lenses to cover such a large diagonal with their light spot.

The intrigue lies elsewhere. Here's how Nikon Z stacks up against competing systems.

The Nikon Z mount turns out to be not only the largest, but also the shortest: it has the shortest working distance of all.

Among all mounts of full-frame mirrorless systems
Nikon Z has the shortest flange distance

What are the practical benefits of the new mount? Firstly, the larger space around the full-format 36x24 mm sensor expands the capabilities of the in-camera stabilization system, based precisely on its shifts. Having this margin, you can implement not only more significant movements along the five usual axes, but also pixel shift to increase the resolution of the resulting image (this is used, for example, in Micro 4:3 system cameras), as well as rotation compensation celestial sphere, which eliminates the appearance of stripes from the movement of stars during ultra-long exposures (a similar technique is implemented in the Pentax K1 and K1 Mark II cameras).

The bayonet clearance, which determines the scope of the light spot formed by the lens, in combination with the size of the working distance, limits the maximum capture of the angle of incidence of the beam and, accordingly, the maximum possible angle of its refraction (the second, as is known, is a function of the first, multiplied by the coefficient of the same name).

Angles of incidence (incidence, α i), reflection (reflection, α r) and refraction (refraction, β) of light in air and in the optical medium of the lens

For the Nikon Z mount, the maximum angle of coverage of the incident beam is 44°, which is significantly greater than that of the Nikon F DSLR (12.1°) and the Canon EF (18.8°). However, even for the mirrorless Sony E it is only 31.6°.

In general, the larger the angle of coverage of the incident beam, the easier it is to design and manufacture high-quality optics, especially wide-angle ones. It becomes possible to forget about the traditional retrofocus scheme for constructing such lenses, which showed itself relatively well in practice in film-paper times, but turned out to be not very suitable for digital mirrorless cameras without special tricks.

To be fair, it should be mentioned that due to the increase in lens diameter, the size and weight of the lenses also increase, since larger optical elements are required (and mass). Here you should adhere to the “golden mean” between the desire to increase the size of the mount and the inevitable heavier optics. There is another “but”: as the working distance decreases and the refraction angle increases, vignetting increases and the so-called “color shift” may appear - coloring the periphery of the frame in blue or purple tones. However, Nikon seems to have managed to do both.

The undoubted advantage of the new mount is the ease of adapting the optics of other systems, not only DSLRs, but also rangefinders (Leica M, Contax G), mirrorless (Sony E) and in general all with a flange distance greater than 16 mm. It is easier for third-party manufacturers to create lenses for Nikon Z, and we can expect the imminent appearance of optics under the brands Samyang (Rokinon), Sigma, Tamron, Tokina, and possibly others, which have not only mechanical, but also electronic compatibility with the new full-frame mirrorless system and Moreover, they support autofocus. At the same time, none of the competitors or third-party adapter manufacturers will be able to adapt Nikon Z optics to work with devices of other brands.

Cameras

The general principles of the layout of Nikon Z devices correspond to conventional standards, established in the industry for mirrorless cameras: viewfinder unit, replacing the pentaprism of SLR cameras, hot shoe, main shooting mode selector and control wheels on top, main display on the back, compartments for wired interfaces on the left, memory card slot on the right, battery compartment and a tripod thread on the bottom. However, there are some peculiarities.

Frame

The chambers are enclosed in a metal shell made of magnesium alloy, which provides the necessary rigidity and reliably protects the vulnerable internal contents.

Nikon Z cameras are enclosed in metal cases (manufacturer's drawing)

The manufacturer ensures sufficient sealing of Nikon Z devices, which prevents splashes of liquid and dust particles from penetrating into their bodies. For this purpose, all seams in contact with environment, equipped with special sealing tabs.

Sensor

Nikon Z system cameras are equipped with full-frame sensors, which are CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) chips, that is, CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor structures) with so-called back-illumination of light-receiving cells.

Full frame sensor of Nikon Z cameras

The matrix resolution depends on the camera model. The specifics of the sensors will be discussed in more detail in our reviews on Nikon Z6 and Nikon Z7.

CPU

Another addition to Nikon's mirrorless system is the new Expeed 6 processor.

Expeed 6 processor (manufacturer photo)

It provides adequate performance when reading information from the sensor, makes it possible to increase the rate of fire of cameras and shoot video in the 4K standard.

Gate

Nikon Z have a mechanical curtain-slit type shutter with electronic control, installed in the focal plane.

Mechanical jam of Nikon Z cameras (manufacturer's photo)

According to the manufacturer, the shutter has a guaranteed service life of 200 thousand cycles. It is capable of working with shutter speeds ranging from 1/8000 s to 30 s in automatic mode, and also allows you to control the exposure duration manually (bulb mode). Flash operation is supported at X-sync speeds of 1/200 sec or slower.

Image stabilization

In-camera image stabilization is an indispensable attribute of high-end mirrorless cameras, and the Nikon Z system is no exception in this regard. The devices in this line have a mechanical stabilization system based on jitter-compensating response movements of the sensor along five axes with compensation for vertical and horizontal shifts and angular deviations, as well as rotations along the optical axis of the lens clockwise and counterclockwise.

Five-axis in-camera image stabilization system in Nikon Z cameras (manufacturer’s figure)

Nikon Z image stabilization system (manufacturer's figure)

The design of the image stabilizer, or, as the manufacturer calls it, the anti-vibration system (VR, vibration reduction), is also organized according to the tasks performed.

Viewfinder

A viewfinder is not a luxury, but a photography tool. It’s never a bad idea to think about the photographer’s comfort, and here Nikon (as always, however) came out on top.

Viewfinder eyepiece of Nikon Z cameras with a light sensor above it and an eyecup around it (manufacturer's photo)

The image in the viewfinder is formed by a half-inch microscreen (1.2 cm diagonally) on organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) with a resolution of almost 3.7 megapixels (Quad VGA), which covers approximately 100% of the system's field of view. The image on the screen is updated at a frequency of 60 frames/s - this is quite enough under standard shooting conditions. The diagonal viewing angle using eyepiece optics is 37° (magnification factor 0.8×).

Viewfinder optical design (manufacturer's design)

The user can synchronize the viewfinder settings with the LiveView settings on the display screen and thus achieve the same image display in terms of color, brightness and contrast.

Monitor display

The display for a mirrorless camera is almost as important as the viewfinder, since (unlike DSLR cameras) it is often used to visualize the scene when shooting. To do this, it must also have mobility, which DSLR displays again lack.

Nikon Z display. Rear view

The display is an LCD monitor measuring just over 8.1 cm (3.2 inches) diagonally, with a resolution of 2.1 megapixels. The viewing angle is 170°.

Nikon Z display. Side view

The manufacturer does not indicate how much the display can deflect upward or downward, but it appears that both are sufficient for viewing overhead and at the surface of the earth or water.

The display supports touch input (manufacturer's figure)

Thanks to touch sensitivity, you can select the focus point by touching the display with your finger. Scrolling forward and backward when viewing footage is also supported.

Information display

Similar to how it is arranged in SLR cameras, on the top panel of Nikon Z cameras there is an additional information display on organic light-emitting diodes. Perhaps this is more of a tribute to the former commitment to SLR technology than a real necessity - mirrorless cameras of some other famous brands get by quite well without it. But, as they say, it is better to have something than to have nothing.

The information display displays the most necessary data: exposure triad indicators (shutter speed, aperture value, equivalent light sensitivity), flash mode, exposure compensation, battery charge status, shooting mode and available memory card capacity in frames (if this value is more than a thousand, then the exponent is written as a decimal number with the suffix k (i.e. “kilo”).

The display has no backlight, and it doesn’t need it: everything is easy to read both in daylight and in the dark.

Interfaces

The wired interface connectors are located on the left side surface. They are assembled into two groups, each of which is closed with a tight-fitting lid when not in use.

Left view. Connectors for connecting external devices

Audio input and output (3.5mm stereo jacks) make up the first group. The second (pictured from left to right) has a connector for connecting a “branded” remote control and HDMI and USB 3.0 (Type-C) connectors.

Storage system

For some reason Nikon has a soft spot for the new XQD memory card standard. Let us remember that this Sony development was intended mainly for use in professional video cameras shooting in 8K resolution, and in its own cameras Sony continues to focus on the old SD standard to this day. Let him not provide the same high speed recording to media, like XQD, but much more widespread. This means wider availability and lower cost of these cards. Finding a card reader that doesn't support SD but supports XQD today will be a difficult task. However, the user of the Nikon Z system will have to deal with the last mentioned standard, and nothing can be done about it.

Right view. Memory card compartment (cover folded down)

XQD is a new thing, quite expensive and also significantly larger than SD in size and weight. If 3-4 SDXC cards in plastic containers will not interfere, located in the front pocket of jeans, then 3-4 XQD cards can already cause a certain inconvenience in such a situation.

XQD media is used in Nikon D850 DSLR cameras, but there is an alternative - a second slot into which SD cards are installed. But Nikon Z cameras only have one slot.

Nutrition

The standard power source for Nikon Z cameras is the new EN-EL 15b battery. It is placed in a compartment, access to which is closed by a hinged plastic cover equipped with a slider lock.

Battery compartment

This original power source can be charged not only using the included charger, but also directly in the camera using a USB cable. This is very convenient, as it makes it possible to use an external battery (power bank) and an electrical network for recharging.

According to the instructions in the Nikon Z camera manual, the life of a fully charged battery is:

• When shooting using the viewfinder only - 330 shots on the Nikon Z7 or 310 shots on the Nikon Z6
• when shooting using the display only - 400 shots on the Nikon Z7 or 380 shots on the Nikon Z6

Alternatively, EN-EL 15 and EN-EL 15a batteries can be used, but they will have a lower frame life and do not work with in-camera USB charging.

Flash

Nikon Z cameras do not have built-in flashes, and this, by the way, is not at all as bad as some claim. In any case, this rarely used technological unit does not make the device heavier. Indeed, why carry around a built-in flash that is always ready for use, which is used very rarely, and only out of desperation? Not only professionals, but also experienced photography enthusiasts avoid this, especially since it is simply impossible to obtain any satisfactory lighting using such a source.

But working with external pulses lighting fixtures fully supported by Nikon Z cameras.

They can be controlled either directly or via radio triggers when one or the other is installed on a full-featured hot shoe (ISO-518). Pulse ignition can be triggered directly or via radio via the front or rear shutter curtains, as well as in slow sync mode.

Fill flash mode uses matrix or center-weighted exposure metering, as well as brightness zone metering. In this case, the pulse and background lighting will be balanced in intensity. In i-TTL mode, spot metering is supported for flashes and radio triggers, and priority is given to flash light over ambient light.

Controls

Compared to DSLR prototypes, Nikon Z cameras look more modest not only because of their size, but also because of the loss of some mechanical controls. However, this phenomenon does not have the character of a reductio ad absurdum, since the most important things are still preserved.

Externally, Nikon Z7 and Z6 differ only in the inscription in the lower right corner of the front panel. If you hide this inscription, then even a specialist will not be able to guess which camera you are dealing with. Therefore, we provide below a description of the design for both cameras in the Nikon Z line.

Front view

Arrangement of structural elements on the front and left (manufacturer’s drawing)

1 - sensor; 2 — switching the picture display mode between the display and the viewfinder; 3 — autofocus illuminator and red-eye reduction spotlight and self-timer operation indicator; 4, 5 — covers of compartments of wired interfaces; 6 — lens position marker for installing it in the bayonet mount.

Bottom view

Arrangement of structural elements at the front and bottom (manufacturer’s drawing)

1 — front control wheel; 2 — function button Fn1; 3 — function button Fn2; 4 — battery compartment cover lock; 5 — battery compartment cover; 6 — bayonet mount for the lens; 7 — bayonet lock button; 8 — contacts for the lens; 9 — thread for a tripod; 10—recess plug for the power cable.

Back view

Arrangement of structural elements at the rear (manufacturer's drawing)

1 — light sensor (to automatically switch the image output to the viewfinder); 2 — eyepiece; 3 — viewfinder eyecup; 4 — button for viewing footage; 5 — erase button; 6 — display; 7 — viewfinder diopter adjustment regulator; 8 — LiveView activation button; 9 — shooting mode switch between photo and video; 10 — forced autofocus button; 11 — joystick; 12 — button to call the parameters panel; 13 — compartment cover with a slot for a memory card; 14 — LED indicator for writing to the card; 15 — confirmation button; 16 — multi selector; 17 — menu button; 18 — button for activating burst shooting and self-timer; 19 — button to reduce image scale; 20 — button to zoom in on the image.

View from above

Arrangement of structural elements from above (manufacturer's drawing)

1 — shooting mode selector; 2 — fastening for a neck strap; 3 — mode selector lock; 4 — holes for the built-in condenser stereo microphone; 5 — video recording button; 6 — power switch; 7 — shutter release; 8 — exposure compensation input button; 9 — ISO setting button; 10 — sensor focal plane marker; 11 — rear steering wheel; 12 — speaker holes; 13 — additional information display; 14 - “hot shoe”.

By the standards of mirrorless systems, cameras have everything necessary and sufficient for shooting and are at least not inferior to their “class brothers”.

Comparison of Nikon Z6 and Z7

Camera
Sensor dimensions, mm	35.9×24	35.9×23.9
Maximum resolution, MP	24,5	45,7
Low pass filter	There is	No
Frame size in pixels	6048×4024	8256×5504
Maximum rate of fire, frames/s	12	9
Buffer volume, frames	47 JPEG, 35 RAW	26 JPEG, 23 RAW
Working ISOs	100 — 51 200	64  — 25 600
ISO expansion	50 — 204 800	32  — 102 400
Autofocus operating range	from −2 up to +19 EV	−1 to +19 EV
Number of AF phase detectors	273	493
Exposure metering range	from −4 up to +17EV	−3 to +17 EV
Battery capacity, frames (according to CIPA)	310	330
Price in Russia

The difference between cameras is determined, by and large, by the difference in their sensors. The most important remains, of course, the “megapixel counter”, and the rest follows from this and some other features.

Let us remember that the fewer light-receiving cells are located per unit area of ​​the sensor, the larger the area of ​​each cell, and the larger the cell area, the more light it can receive. The pixel pitch of the Nikon Z7 is 4.35 microns, and the Nikon Z6 is 5.94 microns, and this is quite significant. With the same construction principle (in both cases it is back illumination of the photocathode layer), a sensor with a lower resolution will have a wider dynamic range (DD) and will be more tolerant of high ISO values. Therefore, the Nikon Z6 has a full stop more maximum equivalent sensitivity, both working and extended.

Let us present the measurement data of the DD sensors of both cameras, taken by William J. Cluff.

The picture is quite expected: at minimum ISO values ​​(including extended ones) Nikon Z7 demonstrates a wider OP; at ISO 100-400 Nikon Z6 comes out ahead, is inferior to Nikon Z7 at ISO 400-600 and again leads with a further increase in equivalent photosensitivity up to maximum possible values.

Something else is also important. It is more difficult for a processor to read a frame with 45.7 megapixels than a frame with 24.5 megapixels, and it takes more time, even if the processor is new and powerful. Therefore, the specifications show differences in the capacity of the buffer of captured photos and in the rate of fire (again in favor of the Nikon Z6).

Phase-phase autofocus sensors in mirrorless cameras are located directly on the sensor. And although the Nikon Z7 has many more of them, working with them is more difficult and takes more time. This results in a difference in the operating ranges of illumination for autofocus and exposure metering. And again it is in favor of Nikon Z6.

And finally, the price. A sensor with 45.7 million light-receiving cells simply cannot cost comparable to a 24.5-megapixel one - that would be nonsense. By the way, it should be noted that 45.7 megapixels on a full-format sensor is today’s absolute record for mirrorless cameras.

Optics

At the very beginning of the material, we already noted that along with the Nikon Z7 and Z6 cameras, the manufacturer announced three lenses. Of course, this is very little, but Nikon is not going to stop there. Below is the manufacturer's plan for producing optics for the new system.

So, in 2019 there will be six new lenses for Nikon Z, including three zooms, and in 2020 there will be three more. Among those planned for the coming year is an interesting optical instrument that Nikon is using as a teaser today. This is the successor to the famous Noct-Nikkor 58mm f/1.2, first announced more than 40 years ago and characterized by high sharpness and excellent contrast even at wide aperture. Now Nikon offers a redesigned version with an aperture ratio of 1:0.95.

The release plans include the ultra-fast Nikon Z Nikkor S 58mm f/0.95 Noct

Of the three lenses available today for the Nikon Z, we got to try two. They are discussed below.

Nikon Nikkor Z 24-70mm f/4 S

This is the first and so far only “native” zoom lens for the Nikon Z system.

Specifications ():

Optical design

Optical design of Nikon Nikkor Z 24-70mm f/4 S (manufacturer's drawing)

The lens design consists of 14 elements, combined into 11 groups. One element is made of ultra-low dispersion glass (ED, highlighted in yellow in the diagram), one is aspherical with ultra-low dispersion (orange) and three aspherical lenses (blue). In addition, some elements have the manufacturer’s “proprietary” coating, known as Nano Crystal Coat, and fluoride coating is also applied to the front lens.

Focus mode switch Nikon Nikkor Z 24-70mm f/4 S

A wider and noticeably bulging corrugated ring controls zoom, a narrower one controls manual focusing. The latter can also be used to smoothly change the aperture value (useful when shooting video) or to correct exposure. At the bayonet ring there is a focus mode switch: A (auto) - M (manual).

Nikon Nikkor Z 24-70mm f/4 S extension when zooming

When you zoom, the lens lengthens, and this further affects the already imperfect balance with a relatively light camera. On the body there is only a focus mode switch (automatic/manual).

In conjunction with the camera, the lens is sealed and protected from the penetration of dust and moisture.

Sealing diagram for Nikon Nikkor Z 24-70mm f/4 S components (manufacturer’s drawing)

MTF Nikon lens Nikkor Z 24-70mm f/4 S at 24mm focal length

MTF of the Nikon Nikkor Z 24-70mm f/4 S lens at a focal length of 70 mm

Let us recall that in an ideal case, the lines should be located as high as possible along the x-axis, have a strictly horizontal course without peaks and “blockages” - almost the way the red dotted line looks for meridional structures located with an alternation frequency of 10 lines/mm.

Laboratory tested, 24 mm

Resolution at the wide-angle position (for a zoom lens) remains at a high level throughout almost the entire aperture range. It is about 80% in the center of the frame in the F4.5-F9 range, and then towards F13 it drops to 70%, but at the same time it is leveled off compared to the edges. At the periphery, the resolution cannot be called high, especially at open apertures: it is only 60%-70%. However, for zoom optics this is quite good.

Chromatic aberration is barely noticeable in the test images, and is present only at the edges. There is a slight barrel distortion.

Resolution, frame center	Resolution, frame edge

Laboratory tested, 50 mm

In the middle position, the resolution is, in general, slightly less, but more stable - up to 75% throughout the entire aperture range, and the difference between the edges and the center is evened out.

Chromatic aberrations are practically absent. A slight barrel distortion is noticeable.

Resolution, frame center	Resolution, frame edge
Distortion and chromatic aberration, center of frame	Distortion and chromatic aberration, frame edge

Laboratory tested, 70 mm

In the telephoto position, the resolution at the edges and in the center of the frame is completely equalized. You can notice a noticeable drop in detail at F16 (up to 65%), but this is obviously a consequence of the detrimental effect of diffraction. At other aperture openings, the resolution remains stable at about 75% - these are good resolution values ​​for both a zoom in general and a telephoto lens in particular.

Chromatic aberrations and distortion are not visually detected.

Resolution, frame center	Resolution, frame edge
Distortion and chromatic aberration, center of frame	Distortion and chromatic aberration, frame edge
Design	11 elements in 9 groups, including 2 ultra-low dispersion (ED) glass elements, three aspherical lenses and Nano Crystal Coat elements
Viewing angles	63°
Focus system	automatic, internal
Autofocus drive	stepper motor
Minimum focusing distance	30 cm in all zoom positions
Thread diameter for filters	∅62 mm
Dust and splash protection	There is
Dimensions	∅73×86 mm
Weight	370 g
Price in the company online store

Optical design

Optical design of Nikon Nikkor Z 35mm f/1.8 S (manufacturer's drawing)

The lens design features 11 elements in 9 groups, including 2 ultra-low dispersion (ED) glass elements, highlighted in yellow in the diagram, three aspherical lenses (blue) and elements coated with Nano Crystal Coat.

There are two controls on the body: a wide knurled ring for manual focusing and a focus mode switch (automatic/manual). The latter can also be used to smoothly change the aperture value (useful when shooting video) or to correct exposure.

On the imaging.nikon.com website, the manufacturer has MTF (Modular Transfer Function) curves, or frequency-contrast characteristics of the lens. Graphs for 10 lines/mm are highlighted in red, graphs for 30 lines/mm are highlighted in blue; solid lines are for sagittal structures, dotted lines are for meridional ones.

MTF lens Nikon Nikkor Z 35mm f/1.8 S

Laboratory tests

The lens is very good in terms of stability of resolution. Of course, as always, the resolution could be higher, but 80% over almost the entire field of the frame and in the entire range is also a lot. Only at open and closed apertures does detail drop to 70% in the center and at the edges.

Chromatic aberrations are subtle and only noticeable at the edges of the frame. A weak barrel-shaped distortion is detected.

Resolution, frame center	Resolution, frame edge
Distortion and chromatic aberration, center of frame	Distortion and chromatic aberration, frame edge

FTZ adapter

Along with Nikon Z cameras and Nikkor S series lenses for them, the manufacturer also announced the FTZ adapter. It allows you to use more than 90 lenses in automatic mode with Nikon Z cameras, including autofocus Nikkor AF-S and AI-S, as well as more than 300 AF-D and AI lenses in manual focus mode.

AF-S Fisheye Nikkor 8-15mm f/1.8 lens, FTZ adapter and Nikon Z7 camera

FTZ adapter

FTZ adapter installed on Nikon Z7 camera

Conclusion

In our opinion, the birth of the Nikon Z mirrorless system should be considered the event of the year in the photo industry. Nikon, although not in the forefront, has nevertheless established itself in the realization that the future of serious digital photographic equipment belongs not to SLRs, but to mirrorless cameras, and it is these that should be dealt with. One can imagine how many objections this cornerstone decision caused among the manufacturer's own employees and how much controversy and misunderstanding it will still cause among outside adherents.

We, professional observers and journalists, strongly welcome this truly dramatic step. Despite our love for the famous trademark, one of the most renowned and oldest in the photography world, it must be admitted that its resources are noticeably limited compared to today's giants of the technology industry, and the cost of error for Nikon is extremely high. We are convinced that the company is unlikely to be able to afford to continue to develop both DSLR and mirrorless camera lines. This means that the die has been cast, the bridges have been burned, there is no turning back: in the 102nd year of its development, Nikon chose “mirrorless”. Good luck Nikon!

Bottom line

The release of Nikon's new mirrorless system, presented today with two cameras, three lenses and an adapter that supports autofocus optics for SLR cameras, is perhaps the most important event of the past year. Thanks to the shortest flange distance among all full-frame photo systems, the new mount makes it possible to adapt almost any “non-native” optics, and its largest internal diameter creates room for maneuver in optical engineering. The cameras are equipped with a five-axis image stabilization system, giving the photographer a five-stop gain in exposure time when shooting handheld, and have a promising autofocus system. The controls are rationally organized and located in familiar places. The new Nikkor S lenses, announced at the same time as the cameras, are carefully designed and built to last. Like the cameras, they are enclosed in metal cases and are also protected from dust and splashes. They demonstrate high image quality in our laboratory tests.

We thank Nikon for the cameras and lenses provided for testing

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The internal organs of the compact camera are: a 24.2 megapixel APS-C size image sensor, a Dual Pixel CMOS AF system and a DIGIC 7 processor. They are responsible for the speed and functionality of a DSLR camera. This model can be taken with you anywhere. Turning on the LCD screen allows...

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Reviews

• from 31285

  Anonymous - August 22, 2019

  This is a mirrorless camera equipped with a conventional APS-C sensor, which is installed in amateur DSLRs, but when fully assembled, it weighs less than 700 grams. The device is also much more compact in size, but the image quality is high and is in no way inferior to mid-level amateur DSLRs. The kit includes a pretty decent zoom lens with a wide range of focal lengths and 8.3x optical zoom. It is important to note that when using a special adapter E...

• Camera with interchangeable lenses Panasonic Lumix DMC-G80 Body (black) DMC-G80EE-K

  from 49990

  Goryaev Alexey - December 9, 2017

  Advantages:

  A full range of useful and not very useful functions
  - stabilizer with any optics + the ability to average several shots
  - stabilized video. You can quickly film a spontaneous video without external stabilizing units
  - moisture protection
  - focus bracketing
  - quiet shutter

  Flaws:

  I would like to sync with the flash at faster shutter speeds. As before, for photographs with the sun in the frame or a portrait among snowy mountains, cameras with a central shutter are needed. (Fuji X100, Sigma)
  - one gets the impression that the matrices have reached the limit in sensitivity-noise-size...

  Period of use:

  less than a month

• Camera with interchangeable lenses Fujifilm X-T20 Kit 18-55mm (black)

  from 69990

  Anonymous - July 14, 2017

  I read the reviews here and was perplexed. I didn't like the camera. This is not clear to me, since I am 100% satisfied. The X-T20 produces excellent images in both JPEG and RAW. The camera takes excellent video. Focus is fast and accurate, and on video too. Series up to 14 frames per second. Lots of settings...

  Advantages:

  Photo quality, video quality, fast focus,

  Flaws:

  Period of use:

  a few months

• from 52799

  Anonymous - November 24, 2017

  I took the camera specifically for crazy trips, so as not to worry about the safety of expensive electronics. On the first trip everything was great, I took out insurance for it and gave it a good test drive. The camera has survived diving, falling into water from a waterfall and other extreme entertainment. You can say that I raped him as best I could. After that, he worked for a year in a calm mode, without extreme sports at all. We didn't dive, didn't fall, didn't fight. A year later I needed it again for diving and it leaked successfully. They refused to fix it under warranty. Repair costs more than new. I will not recommend this model to anyone...

  Advantages:

  Good sports camera. Good auto modes. Everything for taking photographs with minimal distraction from what is happening. The photographs come out good, incl. under the water. The camera is fast and responds very quickly to pressure, including focusing.

  Flaws:

  No wifi
  . The wi-fi module, purchased separately, is a buggy thing.
  . Leaked
  . Everything about noise is true. It is no longer possible to shoot at ISO above 800.

  Period of use:

  more than a year

• Camera with interchangeable lenses Olympus OM-D E-M5 Mark II Kit 14-150 (silver)

  from 66990

  Hillman Gusen - July 25, 2018

  I've had this miracle of technology for two weeks now. I'm happy as a boa constrictor, I enjoy its mobility and versatility. I've had a Canon 5D for almost a year loved one, since he didn’t use it, and I can say that the OM-D E-M5 is much more practical and the photo quality is not inferior. I don’t need to take photographs for huge advertising stands, etc., but for other shootings the quality and resolution are enough. And I’m generally silent about macro photography and portraits. And what noises are they writing about here in the comments...