The complexity of a single job is expenditure of working time of performers to perform the work in question in man-days (man-hours).

She may be:

Regulatory;

Planned;

Actual.

Regulatory the amount of labor intensity of any work is determined by multiplying the volume of work by standard costs labor unit of measurement of work according to the RSN, SNiP or other regulatory documents.

Planned the amount of labor intensity of any work can be determined:

1. Multiplying the volume of the corresponding work by the planned labor intensity of the unit of measurement of this work. Moreover, the planned labor intensity is calculated on the basis of normative or actual, taking into account the implementation of organizational and technological measures that ensure a reduction in working time costs.

2. Through the physical volume of work and planned labor productivity in physical terms for similar work.

3. Through the volume of work in value terms and the planned labor productivity in value terms for similar work.

Actual labor intensity of work is the total expenditure of working time of performers when performing this work. Calculation of actual labor intensity is carried out according to the actual work time sheets of performers.

The complexity of building a facility is the total cost of working time necessary to perform all the work provided for in the estimate and organizational technological documentation(for example, scaffolding, formwork, vibration, etc.) for the construction of the object in question.

Labor intensity is measured in man-days (man-hours) and, in general, represents the time in which one worker could complete this work (build an object).

For example, the standard labor intensity for the construction of a 60-apartment residential building is 4,250 man-days. This means that one worker could, having completed all the work, build this object in 4250 work shifts (days).

Labor intensity (as an indicator) can be:

Regulatory;

Planned;

Actual.

To determine the value normative labor intensity of construction of the facility it is necessary:

Know the entire range and scope of construction and installation work that needs to be performed;

Using the standards of the RSN (or other) regulatory documents, determine the labor intensity of each work;

Determine the difficulty of the work of the preparatory period, sanitary and electrical work, installation work technological equipment and other specialized works;

Sum up the labor intensity of all work.

Planned labor intensity calculated taking into account the implementation of organizational and technical measures when developing construction schedules.

Actual labor intensity construction of an object is the total actual labor costs of all participants in the creation of construction products who participated in the creation of these products.

The amount of actual labor intensity for the construction of a facility is, as a rule, determined based on data from the time sheets actually worked by each employee.

What resources are needed to build the facility? On the basis of what documents is the need for construction in the required quantity established? material resources and the time frame within which these resources must be put into action and delivered to construction site?

To the material and technical resources necessary for the construction of the facility and, accordingly, the implementation of solutions calendar plan construction of the facility include:

Expenses of working time of construction workers (labor intensity);

Computer time consumption;

Estimated cost (financial resources);

Materials, structures, products (material resources);

Energy resources (heat, water, electricity, oxygen, acitelen, propane, butane, fuels and lubricants, etc.).

The need for material and technical resources for each job and for the entire facility in general can be determined:

According to approved regulatory documents, and primarily according to collections of resource estimate standards (RSN) of the Republic of Belarus for relevant structures and work;

Based on factual, statistical data;

Taking into account the norms for writing off material resources;

Experienced way.

All calculations are summarized in the appropriate tables (statements, sets, applications, etc.).

Deadlines, when these resources are needed (laying in the case, supplying materials to the construction site), they are established (accepted) according to the calendar plan developed for the construction of the object in question.

Execution Duration individual works, duration of construction of objects: types, methods of calculation (definition), standard value of the reserve, standard distribution of the estimated cost

In construction practice, all work can be divided into::

Manual, when the duration of their execution will depend solely on the number of performers (for example, manually excavating trenches for foundations);

Mechanized, when the duration of their implementation will depend mainly on the productivity and number of machines (for example, digging a pit with an excavator).

Duration manual work can be determined through labor intensity, number of workers and shifts. The relationship between duration, labor intensity, number of workers and shifts is expressed by the formula:

where is labor intensity i-that work (person-hour, person-day),

Number of workers per shift performing i-that job

k- shift work.

When calculating the duration of work, where the leading element is a machine or mechanism, the cost of machine time is used. The relationship between the cost of machine time, shifts and the number of machines and mechanisms is expressed by the formula:

,(2)

where is the cost of machine time (machine-hours, machine-cm.),

Number of machines and mechanisms employed per shift in the work performed (pcs.),

k- shift work,

Execution Duration i-that mechanized work.

The duration of a set of works can be determined in the following ways:

1. Through the volume of work in physical terms, the normative, actual or planned labor productivity of a worker of this specialty in natural terms, the number of workers and work shifts.

t = V/N*n*B v (3)

where: V - volume of work in natural meters;

B v _ normative, actual or planned labor productivity (output) of a worker in this specialty in natural measures.

2. Through the volume of work in cost measures, the standard, actual or planned labor productivity (output) of a worker of this specialty in cost measures, the number of workers and work shifts.

The formula for determining the duration of work in this case is:

T = C/N*n*B c (4)

where: C - volume of work in cost meters;

N is the number of workers scheduled to perform the work in question per shift;

n is the accepted shift of work;

B с _ standard, actual or planned labor productivity (output) of a worker in this specialty in cost terms.

Indicator of duration of construction of a facility- one of the most important indicators used at the stage of competition for a construction contract, for planning activities, for analyzing results economic activity construction organization and for other calculations.

The duration of construction of the facility, depending on the time factor, can be:

Regulatory;

Planned;

Actual.

The main governing document regulating the organization of construction was SNiP 3.01.01-85* (currently TCP 1 “Organization construction production"), according to which, before the construction of facilities begins, a PIC, PPR, and POR must be developed.

Who, first of all, should have information about the standard duration of construction of the proposed facility?

This information is needed first of all to the customer, regardless of the form of ownership. Having such information, the customer, long before the start of construction, can first of all clearly imagine the total duration of construction of the facility and link the expected duration with its main activity, will be able to imagine the nature of the proposed development Money and, accordingly, manage financial resources wisely.

The basis of the definition the standard duration of construction of facilities lies normative document- “SNiP 1.04.03-85*. Standards for construction duration and backlog in the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures. - Enter. 1991-01-01.- M.: TsNIIOMTP, Submitted: Change No. 1, 2000-01-01. -Mn. NIAP "Stroyekonomika", 1991. Currently, republican standards for the duration of TCP 45-1.03-122-2008 are being developed.

The standard duration of construction of an object is more accurately determined, taking into account the features of space-planning and design solutions, binding conditions and other factors, when developing design estimates as part of the PIC (construction organization project).

“Duration standards………” allow all interested organizations to obtain (have) the following necessary information:

1. The total standard duration of construction of the facility, including the duration of the preparatory period, the construction of the above-ground part, the period of installation of technological equipment, etc.

2. Standard distribution (development) of the estimated cost of construction and installation works with a cumulative total from the beginning of construction to completion.

3. The standard value of the reserve depending on the deadline for delivery of the object.

Standard value the backlog for the construction of an object, the start of construction of which is expected in the planned year, is the amount of work expressed in cost terms that should be completed on the object in question before the end of the planned year.

For example, if it is known that the standard duration of construction of a facility is 12 months, and commissioning is scheduled for September of the next year after the planned year, then the start of construction of the groundwork facility should be no earlier than October of the planned year

To construct a schedule for the standard development of the cost of construction and installation work, it is necessary to use in the recommended “Duration Norms...” percentage data for the development of funds with an accrual total, given by month or quarter.

Information about the standard duration of construction of an object is also necessary for the general contractor, since when participating in tenders or developing a calendar plan for the construction of an object, he does not have the right to ignore the standard terms of construction of the object, especially since the customer, as a rule, indicates the recommended ones when announcing tenders regulatory deadlines for the construction of the facility.

Planned duration construction of any facility can be determined only on the basis of the developed construction calendar plan (schedule). The planned duration of construction of the facility should not be longer than the normative one, and should satisfy the wishes of the customers, unless this contradicts the normative requirements.

Actual duration construction of an object is the duration of construction of an object from the start of the preparatory period to the signing of the act of acceptance of the object into operation. The actual duration of the completed project is usually entered in State Register, should be accumulated in a data bank on objects in a construction organization and used in analyzing the results of the organization’s economic activities.

Unlike photographs of a working day, timekeeping is used to study the costs of operational time only. Depending on the purpose of timing, they study either the operation as a whole or individual work techniques, all elements of which are constantly repeated in a certain sequence.

Timing is carried out in order to obtain initial data:

To design time standards for manual and machine elements - self made,

To establish operating time standards for surgery,

To establish time standards, accompanied by improvement of the technological process of performing standardized work and organization of work in the workplace,

To study and implement advanced techniques and methods of work, etc.

To design technically sound standards, timing is carried out according to labor methods. For each technique, the starting and ending fixing points are established, which represent the moments of the beginning and end of their implementation, that is, the boundaries of the action.

The number of observations during timing is established depending on the required accuracy of the norms (the permissible relative value of the error of the arithmetic mean values ​​of the timing series) and the stability coefficient of the series.

Processing the results timing observations includes technological and mathematical analysis of time series.

Technological analysis is the study of data from each time series in order to establish the advisability of storing in them certain time measurements obtained during observations. Thus, measurements that are the result of errors by the performer, observer, or caused by a violation of technology, the procedure for servicing the workplace, etc. should be excluded from the time series.

In the mathematical analysis of timing series, the average duration of time spent for each row is calculated and the actual stability coefficient of the timing series and the work operation as a whole is determined.

Phototiming (photo accounting) is used to simultaneously determine the structure of time costs and the duration of individual elements of a production operation.

Photo timekeeping is a combination of workday photography and timekeeping. It differs from photography of a working day by a smaller division of the operation into elements, and from timekeeping in that not only the duration of operational time is recorded, but also other categories of working time expenditure.

Analytical - calculation methods of labor standardization provide for the calculation of standards based on standard materials. These methods provide the necessary degree of validity of norms at significantly lower costs for collecting initial information compared to research methods.

Standards are differentiated by types of production, types of work (metalwork, welding, machine tools, etc.) and are established for labor techniques, complexes labor practices, labor actions And labor movements. Availability of large normative material allows you to calculate a technically sound standard of time for an operation

T = T op + T about + T pt + T from + T from,

Where T op– technically justified standard of operational time, T about– standard time for servicing the workplace, T Fri– standard time for the non-overlapping part of technological breaks, That- time limit for rest and personal needs, T of– norm of preparatory-final time.

4. Labor productivity, its essence and measurement. Factors influencing labor productivity. The effectiveness of accelerating the growth rate of labor productivity.

Labor productivity is the most important indicator of labor efficiency and the level of production - economic activity enterprises. The higher the labor productivity, the lower the labor costs for producing a unit of product or work and the lower its cost.

Labor productivity reflects the costs of total labor: living and past, embodied in the means of production. The main component of total labor costs is the cost of living labor, which creates material wealth. Labor productivity is efficiency production activities people, expressed by the ratio of labor costs and the amount of material goods produced. Labor productivity is measured by the amount of production in physical, monetary or conventional terms for a certain period (hour, shift, year) or the time spent on producing a unit of product.

An increase in labor productivity occurs as a result of the fact that the share of living labor costs decreases, and the share of past labor increases so that the total costs of production decrease. Increasing labor productivity is an objective economic law.

Differentiate performance social labor in general national economy, local or group in an industry, sub-industry, individual in an enterprise, in a team, in a workplace.

The productivity of social labor is determined by dividing national income by the number of workers employed in all sectors of material production.

To determine local and individual labor productivity, the following indicators can be used: product output and product labor intensity.

Product output per unit of time is determined by the formula

B=Q/T,

Where Q– volume of products produced, T- labor time costs.

Labor intensity is calculated using the formula

t = T / Q.

When determining labor productivity, five methods are used: natural, conditionally natural, index, labor and cost.

The natural method is applied where it is produced homogeneous products and similar work is performed. Labor productivity in this case is determined by dividing the output in natural units (tons, pieces, square meters) by the number of workers.

With the conditional-natural method, labor productivity is determined by dividing the number of conventional units of production by the number of workers. All types of products are conditionally reduced to one through reduction coefficients determined by the ratio of the labor intensity of individual types of products.

The essence of the index method is to determine the labor productivity growth index by weighing labor productivity indicators for individual types of work as a percentage by the share of the contingent involved in their implementation.

Measuring labor productivity using the labor method involves using the labor intensity indicator as a product meter. The volume of production is determined in standard hours by multiplying the volume of production in physical terms by the standard time for producing a unit of product. The labor method requires the use of scientifically based time standards.

The cost method involves measuring production and labor productivity in monetary terms. It is used for enterprises producing heterogeneous products. The complexity of the cost method lies in choosing the most appropriate method for calculating production volume in monetary terms for specific conditions.

Labor productivity of network workers railways and departments is measured in conventionally natural units - the number of tonne-kilometers produced per one employee of the operational contingent engaged in transportation, and is calculated using the formulas

P t networks, roads = Σ (Pl) gr / H sp = (Σ R gr l + K Σ R p l) / H sp,

P t dept. roads = Σ (Pl) gr / Ch sp = (Σ (P l) p + K Σ P p l) / Ch sp,

Where Σ (Pl) gr– freight turnover, reduced tonnage – kilometers,

Σ R gr l– freight turnover, tariff tonnage – kilometers,

Σ R p l– passenger turnover, passenger – kilometers,

TO– reduction coefficient for passenger turnover,

Ch sp – average number of workers employed in transportation, people,

Σ (P l) p– freight turnover of the railway department, operational tonnage – kilometers.

The indicators used to measure the labor productivity of employees of individual railway enterprises are given in Table 1.1.

Definition and meaning of the labor intensity indicator.

Labor intensity represents the cost of working time to produce a unit of product. General formula for labor intensity:

where t is the labor intensity of a unit of production;

T – time spent on the production of all products;

P – quantity of products produced.

Labor intensity is determined per unit of production in physical terms across the entire range of products and services included in the gross (commodity) output of the enterprise. At large assortment labor intensity is determined by typical products to which all others are reduced.

The labor intensity indicator has a number of advantages over the output indicator. It establishes a direct relationship between production volume and labor costs, eliminates the impact on labor productivity of changes in the product range, volume of supplies through cooperation, organizational structure production, etc. This creates the possibility of mutually linking indicators at all stages of production. Labor intensity makes it possible to organically link the problem of measuring labor productivity with identifying reserves for its growth.

But at present this indicator is still less common than production. It is not always used in planning and accounting. It is not always used in planning and accounting. In a number of industries (ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, oil production, textiles) labor intensity is not determined at all. It should be noted, however, that in the future the value measured and accounting for labor costs directly by working time will increase.

The ratio of labor intensity and output. There is an inversely proportional relationship between labor intensity and output, i.e., when labor intensity decreases, output increases, and when it increases, it decreases.

If, for example, the labor intensity was 5 minutes, and then it decreased by 20%, or to 4 minutes, then output per shift will increase from 84 units. (), i.e. for 21 pcs. (105-84), or by 25% ().

The relationship between an increase in output and a decrease in labor intensity is calculated using the following formulas:

where a is the percentage of reduction in labor intensity;

c – percentage increase in output.

Types of labor intensity. The following types of labor intensity are distinguished depending on the composition of labor costs included in it:

technological complexity(T tech), which includes all labor costs of the main workers - both piece workers and time workers;

labor intensity of production maintenance(T ob), determined by the labor costs of auxiliary workers;

production labor intensity(T pr), representing the labor costs of all workers (main and auxiliary):

labor intensity of production management(T y), including labor costs of engineering and technical workers, office workers, junior service personnel and security;

total labor intensity(T p), representing the labor costs of all categories of industrial production personnel:

T p = T tech + T ob + T y

Each of these types of labor intensity can be normative, actual and planned.

Standard labor intensity is the cost of working time per unit of production, established according to current time standards, service standards, staffing, etc.

Actual labor intensity represents the actual labor time spent per unit of production in a given period.

Planned labor intensity is the planned cost of working time per unit of production in a given period.

Planned labor intensity is the planned cost of working time per unit of production.

The complexity of an individual operation, part, product, process can be determined, commercial products, gross output, etc.

Labor intensity is considered either in absolute units of working time (man-minutes, man-hours) or in relative ones (percentages, shares).

Determination of technological labor intensity. Standard technological labor intensity of piecework and time-based work. The initial data for determining standard labor intensity are: volume of products produced, technological process its production, standardization cards, time (production) standard sheets, maintenance standards, equipment productivity standards, headcount standards, staffing tables or placement of the main temporary workers in their workplaces.

The standard labor intensity of piece work is determined by the summation of piece-calculated time standards.

When working as a team, the standard labor intensity includes the sum of the normalized time spent by all team members.

For multi-machine (multi-unit) maintenance, standard labor intensity can be calculated using the formula:

where T n is the standard technological complexity of the operation;

F – duration of the work shift, hour;

m is the number of workers simultaneously servicing the equipment.

Download “LABOR INTENSITY. There are technological complexity (T), labor intensity" Error: Download Document

1 LABOR INTENSITY Labor intensity is the sum of the costs of living labor in man-hours of working time for the production of a unit of product in physical or value terms both for the entire range of output and for individual types of work and operations. The labor intensity indicator () reflects the direct relationship between production volume (Q) and labor costs in man-hours of working time () according to the formula: (hours). Q There are technological labor intensity (), service labor intensity (), production labor intensity (management () and total labor intensity (). Technological labor intensity (), labor intensity) is determined by the labor costs of the main workers.

Calculation of the “man-hour” value

Info

Labor costs and man-hours There is also such a thing as standard labor costs (man-hours), the formula of which is determined according to the same scheme as ordinary man-hours. The difference is that a certain work has a standard time and labor units involved (this also includes the standard cost of work for 1 hour of a certain activity). Labor costs are a component value in determining labor intensity, the formula of which is:

• Tr = Tz: About, where

Tr – labor intensity; Tz – labor costs (man-hour); Ob – volume of production (work performed).

/ pgs_1 / total manual / 8. calculation of labor costs. and so on. works

Labor productivity is measured by the amount of products (work performed, services provided) produced by an employee per unit of time. Labor productivity is the reciprocal of labor intensity, measured by the amount of time spent on a unit of output. Mainly three types of labor productivity are considered: Actual labor productivity; available labor productivity; potential labor productivity.
Actual labor productivity (output) is inversely proportional to labor intensity and is determined from directly observable data using the formula: (1.38) Where is the actual output in units of measurement of a given type of product (pieces, ton, m3, etc.); - actual costs of living labor in time units (man-hours, etc.).

How to calculate the labor intensity of a job

Computer (Kk.p.z = 1.0). Table 1. Types and scope of accounting work wages No. Types of work Unit of measurement Norm of time, person/hour Volume of work for the year Labor intensity, person/hour Calculation of wages to employees for work performed 1 item in the statement 0.15 350 x 12 = 4200 630.0 Income tax withholding 0.15 350 x 12 = 4200 420.0 Retention in Pension Fund 0.15 350 x 12 = 4200 630.0 Deductions to the social insurance fund in case of temporary disability 0.15 350 x 12 = 4200 630.0 Deductions to the social insurance fund in case of unemployment 0.15 350 x 12 = 4200 630, 0 Withholdings on writs of execution 0.15 53 x 12 = 636 94.5 Withholding of trade union dues 0.15 315 x 12 = 3780 567.0 Total 3601.5 Thus, the standard number of employees in the accounting department of the enterprise, determined on the basis of the planned volumes of work and time standards - 1.84 people.

Determination of the number of workers by labor intensity (according to the standard time).

Planned labor costs are the planned amount of work in the project. Sometimes there are problems when estimating planned labor costs. This is because the productivity of different employees can vary significantly.
Therefore, in the case where it is not known who will perform a specific task, it is very difficult to estimate labor costs in absolute units. But using the average indicator of employee productivity, you can avoid (partially or completely) the noted problems. Let's look at how labor costs are determined in man-hours and in rubles/hour. The formula for calculating labor costs in man-hours is: Chh = N * T, (1.31) where Chh – man-hours; N – number of employees; T is the actual time spent on performing the work.

Labor intensity formula

Important

What are they actually needed for? industrial enterprise? The main purpose of production preparation systems, PDM systems, as is known, is the storage of data about products, Read more PRODUCT QUALITY INDICATORS AND METHODS FOR THEIR EVALUATION AT AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE UDC 338.4 PRODUCT QUALITY INDICATORS AND METHODS FOR THEIR EVALUATION AT AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE Huang En GOU VPO "Tambov State Technical University", Tambov Reviewer Dr. Tech. Sciences, Doctor of Economics Sciences, More details METHODS OF CALCULATING COSTS AND FINANCIAL RESULTS OF AN ENTERPRISE METHODS OF CALCULATING COSTS AND FINANCIAL RESULTS OF AN ENTERPRISE Pikuren Vera, EC "Razdolye" Cost of production important indicator activities of the enterprise. The choice of method for calculating it directly affects More ORGANIZATION, LABOR RATIONS AND RATIONS AT INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES Tomsk Interuniversity Center for Distance Education E.V.

Labor intensity. distinguish technological labor intensity (t), labor intensity

The estimated cost is the basis for determining the size of capital investments, financing construction, forming contract prices for construction products, and paying for completed contract work. As part of the diploma project, a local estimate was made for the reconstruction of a section of the quarterly heating network. The local estimate was compiled on the basis of the estimate and regulatory framework put into effect on January 1, 1984.
To determine the estimated cost of construction and installation works in 2001 prices, the base-index method was used. Calculation indices by type of work to the 1984 base as of April 1, 2001 (Data from RegioStroyInform). According to the local estimate, all costs associated with construction and installation works are determined, which include direct costs, overhead costs and estimated profit.
When developing the local estimate, open and closed prices were taken into account according to the EPEP collections.

Abstracts / Construction and architecture / Improving the thermal and hydraulic conditions of the heat supply system in Pobeda village, Khabarovsk Labor intensity of work in man-days. is determined by the formula: (4.9) where Нвр. – standard time per unit of work, man-hour; V – volume of work in units of measurement (accepted in EniR); 8 – duration of the work shift, hours. The calculation results are given in Appendix D 4.4 Calculation of the main technical and economic indicators Duration of heating network installation – 16 days The entire labor intensity was 159.5.01 people/day.

The average construction productivity was 105%. Labor costs for installing the heating network were 145.01 people/day. The maximum number of employees is Nmax. – 15 people Average number of employees – Navg.
Then factors contributing to the occurrence of deviations are identified, their analysis and determination of the required conclusions. Among the factors that can cause deviations of actual indicators from the planned ones may be qualitative changes in semi-finished products or raw materials, worker qualifications, etc. Types of labor intensity In accordance with the nature of labor costs, labor intensity can be classified for the following types:

• factual,
• Regulatory,
• Planned.

In accordance with the composition of costs, labor intensity can be:

• The technological formula for labor intensity includes labor costs only for workers who directly manufacture products:

Ttech.=Trev.+Tdel. Here Tpov is the labor costs of employees working on time system, Tsdel.
- labor costs of employees working on a piecework system.

Calculation of labor intensity of work man hour translation normal

Textbook Novokuznetsk 2003 UDC 658(075) More details Job description person responsible for energy saving and energy efficiency Job description of the person responsible for energy saving and energy efficiency Name of the organization APPROVED Rector (Director) Last name I.O. 201 _ Job description of the person in charge Read more Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Federal state budget educational institution Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education vocational education ST. PETERSBURG STATE FORESTRY UNIVERSITY More details AGREEMENT ON THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE VII OF THE 1994 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE AGREEMENT ON THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE VII OF THE 1994 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE General introductory comment 1.