One of the most important stages of opening own production is the choice and most importantly the selection of equipment for the workshop. It is worth clearly distinguishing between the concepts of choice and selection. In fact, these are different stages, because speaking of choice, we mean a specific manufacturer and model, and speaking of selection, we are talking about the necessary kit for the technological cycle itself.

Actually, this specificity is inherent in any business idea related to production. Today we will analyze a specific example in the form of selecting a minimum set of equipment. To implement a startup, you can use two options.

Option one is minimalism.

As in any other business idea, a seed business can be started with a relatively small start-up capital, or “deployed in full”, which implies an order of magnitude higher costs. In the first option, we mean that in order to open our own production, we use a minimum set of equipment, which will include only the most necessary units.

This kit includes:

• oven for roasting seeds,
• packaging machine
• cooler-cleaner.

Choosing a frying oven in the equipment version for small business on seeds.

Let's start with the oven for roasting seeds, I want to clarify right away that such a unit can be used not only for roasting sunflower seeds, but also other products, for example, nuts, coffee, spices, and so on.

As you can see, the price range is quite large, units with a capacity of 100 kg are quite suitable for starting with, the price is 112 thousand for electric and 165 thousand rubles. for gas. Both options refer to devices with periodic loading and unloading carried out by the operator, there are also automatic devices, but for a mini-shop at the initial stage it is too expensive, and not reasonable. Remember, you can always increase the work time of the workshop or transfer it to two shift work, ensuring production growth finished products and increasing staff costs. But buying a device with high power and not having the proper load level will not reduce costs.

Choosing a cooler-cleaner for a small workshop.

Second on the list of necessary equipment for small businesses that decide to open production roasted sunflower seeds there will be a cooler-purifier. It is noteworthy that for two technological stages:

• At the initial stage of cleaning, before frying the seeds, removing small debris and dust;
• At the stage of cooling and purification after frying.

This double cleaning allows, firstly, to reduce the time spent on frying; seeds enter the fryer without impurities, which saves energy resources; secondly, after frying, it cleans the finished product from “soot” (the so-called dirty hands effect). True, this pleasure is quite expensive and so:

When choosing a cooler-cleaner for small production, you should pay attention to the actual power. What's the point of buying a Cyclone with a capacity of up to 1 ton of seeds per hour and spending 135 thousand if the maximum capacity of the installed fryer is 100 kg. at one o'clock. In such cases, it is optimal to look for cheaper options with lower productivity, but also lower cost, reserve power is good, but in a small workshop it is optimal to buy 2 units of small power rather than one, but large one. In the case of two, we have both the necessary reserve and reserve for the period of repairs.

Choosing a packaging machine for a small workshop.

A packaging machine is the most expensive purchase in a set of equipment for a seed business; its average cost is about 300 thousand, including additional “chips.” This is what the spread actually looks like:

It is worth noting that when opening your own small production, you should pay attention to the following nuances:

• First, the maximum packaging in the device must be at least 500 grams. At the same time, a mini-workshop dealing with family nuts definitely does not need large volumes of more than 1 kg.
• Secondly, date stamping functions are a must;
• Third, the notch function for opening the pack is very desirable; it’s a small thing, but customers like it.
• Fourth, the line must be automatic. The use of semi-automatic or manual lines for packaging is not justified due to the additional costs of hired personnel. Practice shows that an automatic line pays for additional investments (compared to a semi-automatic machine) in six months of operation.

The price of 250 thousand is not final; as a rule, another 30-50 thousand will have to be spent on the purchase of additional units for automatic line. Speaking of necessary equipment for small business ideas, you can read and.

Actually, this is the entire minimum set of equipment for a small business for frying seeds; in general, its purchase will cost 507 thousand rubles, plus delivery and installation of the investment will grow to 550 thousand rubles.

Option two is maximalism in opening a small own production.

If you have free money and you decide to do business seriously, then in addition to the equipment listed above for a small workshop you will need to purchase:

• - vibrating table Performs cleaning and sorting by size;
• - sunflower hydrotreating equipment. In this case, at the primary cleaning stage, they do not use a conventional cleaner-cooler, but thoroughly wash the sunflowers and serve them for frying. In such cases, it is worth taking a larger roaster; wet seeds take longer to roast and are loaded in a smaller volume.
• - units for cleaning and peeling. As they themselves understand, in such cases, the mini-workshop will be able to produce and fry clean sunflower kernels.

An additional set will cost another 600-800 thousand rubles, and the entire set for a full-fledged workshop in VIP version will cost at least 1,300,000 rubles. Which, from my point of view, no longer quite fits into the concept of a small business, at least when we are talking about the purchase of equipment only.

In the next article we will talk about the business plan for a small production of roasting seeds, do not forget to subscribe to the resource.

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Almost everyone has eaten roasted sunflower seeds at least once in their lives. For some people, systematically eating such a product becomes a kind of leisure activity. Why not take advantage of this human weakness and organize own business for the production of roasted seeds?

Some entrepreneurs are confused by the extremely low selling price of the finished product. However, reality shows the opposite results. The production of roasted seeds will pleasantly surprise you with its simplicity, profitability and quick payback period.

Despite the variety of similar products on the store shelves, new bright packaging continues to appear steadily.

Several organizational points

At first, you should choose the organizational and legal form of the enterprise being created. The most preferred options are:

• IP (individual entrepreneur);
• LLC on a simplified taxation system. In both cases, a fixed payment will have to be transferred to the state treasury, but when choosing the second option, a certain amount is also required authorized capital, production of a seal, development of a charter, etc.

It is advisable to choose an LLC if you have two or more partners. Individual entrepreneurs are characterized by a simplified registration procedure, accounting and reporting forms.

When registering an enterprise, you must indicate the following OKVED code:

15.33 “Processing and canning of fruits and vegetables not included in other groups.”

First of all, it is necessary to issue a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion for production(contact the Rospotrebnadzor office at the place of registration of the enterprise). To date, the mandatory certification procedure has been cancelled.

If desired, you can issue a voluntary certificate of conformity. Documentary evidence of compliance with hygienic and sanitary-ecological standards of finished products will contribute to increased demand. To obtain such a document, you must provide samples of roasted seeds and the following documents:

• technical passport for seeds;
• characteristics of production equipment;
• certificates of state registration enterprises;
• charter;
• lease contract production premises.

Choosing the most preferable model of equipment for the production of fried seeds

The most popular option is the electric drum oven. It consists respectively of a drum, agitators, a thermostat, windows for removing moisture and a paddle for sampling.

Some models have additional equipment in the form of coolers. Drum furnaces that run on gas are also quite in demand. They perform all the necessary functions, while at the same time saving energy. As fuel of the furnace bottled gas is used.

The next popular model is equipment that works on the principle of frying in a stream of hot air.

A distinctive feature of such models is a special technology in which the seeds are placed in a hopper and fried “in a fluidized bed.” The frying itself is carried out in suspension due to the operation of a pressure fan. The main advantage of such equipment is the powerful blowing of raw materials, in which all carbon particles settle in the exhaust pipe and do not mix with the finished product.

There are also models that work on the principle infrared radiation. The seeds are fried or dried using such a flow, heating only the raw materials, and not the surrounding air. Often such furnaces are characterized by a continuous operating cycle and a correspondingly high level of productivity. The equipment allows you to obtain a completely ready-to-eat and evenly fried product, in which there are no burnt particles.

The main characteristic features of the operation of such furnaces are:

• energy savings;
• purity production process and the resulting product at the exit;
• absence of heating (carbon deposits) on the surface of the product and the walls of the oven;
• natural air temperature in an industrial room;
• absence of soot and burning, prompt and extremely precise adjustment of operating modes.

Such devices are ideal not only for roasting seeds, but also nuts, vegetables and even potatoes.

Another model, which is quite common in the market for the production of roasted seeds, are microwave roasting ovens. Compared to the last oven, it has many more advantages. Fryers in modern production lines often contain two of the above models. Their average cost is about 1.5 million rubles.

Without coolers, it is quite difficult to imagine the production process for the production of fried seeds.

The seeds cool down slowly, and maintaining a high temperature inside the product shell for a long time leads to a decrease in labor productivity and, accordingly, a low volume of output. Coolers will also prevent the seeds from overcooking, which in turn will facilitate the production quality product. There are currently two types of coolers: the conveyor type model and the open circular design with agitators. The choice of the most preferable model depends on the area of ​​the production workshop and the operating principle of the equipment.

Polishing seeds involves cleaning them from debris and soot.

For this purpose, specialized cleaning and polishing machines are used. If it is used, there is no need to pre-wash the seeds.

Filling and packing are the final stage of the production process. From attractiveness appearance seeds depends on the level of consumer demand.

The standard packaging option looks like a three-seam bag consisting of a “pillow” (two horizontal and one vertical “Euro seams”). This type of roasted seeds is provided by filling and packaging machines that have a volumetric or weight dispenser.

Let's consider some aspects of equipment operation

Roasted sunflower seeds are poured into the storage hopper of the filling machine, then they are fed into the dispenser, where the required doses are separated and the packaging is formed. The key factor when choosing equipment is the productivity of the installation, namely the number of packages produced per minute. It is also desirable to have a function for changing to a different package size in case of production need and a different dosage of the product. Thus, a universal device will allow you to achieve efficiency and high productivity. In conditions of limited financial capabilities, you can purchase a semi-automatic packaging machine without a dispenser (bag former and sealer).

To work with such equipment it is necessary to use two operators. One - using a measuring cup, pours in the required amount of the finished product, and the second - measures a certain section of the bag, seals it, cuts it off using a semi-automatic machine and puts packs of sunflower seeds in carton boxes(large packages).

Roasted sunflower seeds production technology

The following stages of production of roasted seeds are distinguished:

• calibration;
• salting, washing and cleaning;
• frying;
• cooling;
• package.

The calibration stage involves separating large seed grains from small ones. The raw materials are also cleaned from debris. For such purposes, special calibrating machines or vibrating sieves are used, which perform the function of dividing the original product into several fractions.

In the process of selecting technological equipment for washing seeds Special attention attention should be paid to its productivity, the desired level of which should reach 100-150 kg/hour.

The sinks have a tunnel type design, differing in functions:

• top watering;
• top and bottom watering (for thorough washing of seeds);
• with one or two heaters at the outlet.

Salting the product is necessary when making salted seeds. The coating drum is responsible for this function, which is sometimes also called an additive machine. Often, such equipment is used in high-performance environments and in companies of impressive size.

The direct frying process is carried out using a variety of ovens, which are intended for bulk products. A calibrated seed is poured into the oven, which will be roasted for one hour. At the same time, operators must visually control the quality, if necessary, turning off the rotation drive of the equipment drum. If the result is satisfactory, the worker turns off the burner, puts the container for the finished product under the drum, and pours the roasted seeds into it. After this, it’s the turn of a new batch of raw materials for immediate production.

Permanent establishment a certain amount time (for example, 1 hour) is possible if the following roasting conditions are met:

• identical burner fire (regulated by tap or reducer);
• the seed must have the same level of moisture;
• same ambient temperature.

Cooling of the finished sunflower seed occurs in a special apparatus, thanks to which labor productivity significantly increases. Then, using a packaging machine, the seeds are packaged.

Business plan for the production of roasted seeds

Choosing a production facility

The set of requirements for the premises for the production of fried seeds are similar to the requirements for buildings in which any food products are produced. It is necessary to comply with construction and sanitary standards and implement fire safety measures. On the area of ​​the production premises (at least 60 m²) there will be a workshop and warehouses for temporary storage of raw and finished products. Reliable protection from rodents is also necessary: ​​for this, the floor is concreted and iron doors are installed. The production workshop may be located outside the city. In this case rent will be much more affordable, amounting to about 6,000 rubles.

Raw material costs:

• the cost of 1 ton of raw seeds is 22,000 rubles (including transport costs);
• 1 kg. packaging film – 150 rubles.

We are recruiting staff

Two auxiliary workers can operate the roasted sunflower seeds production line. One will combine his immediate responsibilities with control over implementation technical specifications. The second operator can act as an agent for the supply of raw materials and marketing of finished products.

The monthly wage fund is 10,000 rubles.

Automation

The cheapest option for the production of fried packaged seeds is the organization of the production process on the following equipment:

• gas machine for frying seeds – 33,000 rubles;
• cooler (with cleaning function) – 32,000 rubles;
• packaging complex – 45,000 rubles.

Total – 110,000 rubles.

Let's calculate the cost of 1 package of seeds weighing 50 grams:

• cost 50 gr. sunflower seeds – 1.10 rubles (at the rate of 1 kg of raw sunflower seeds – 22 rubles);
• 1 package for packaging - 0.3 rubles (at the rate of 1 kg of film for 150 rubles for 500 packages);
• the work of operators for roasting, calibrating and packaging the product for 1 package of seeds - 0.36 rubles;
• costs for electricity, rent and gas - 0.69 rubles;
• costs for public utilities(electricity, gas, water) – 0.03 rubles (for 1 pack of seeds).

Thus, the cost of packing fried sunflower seeds will be: 1, 10 + 0.3 + 0.36 + 0.69 = 2.45 rubles.

The declared equipment has the ability to fry and pack 1800 bags of 50g per 1 shift (90 kg.).

Thus, in 22 working days the monthly output will be 39,600 packages of the finished product (1 ton 980 kg).

The retail price of one package is 16 rubles -20% (VAT) = 12.80 rubles.

Thus, the income from 1 bag will be equal to: 12.80 – 2.45 = 10.35 rubles. Revenue for the sale of roasted seeds per month will be: 10.35 rubles. x 39,600 pcs. = 409,860 rubles.

Total costs for monthly production are 97,020 rubles (2.45 rubles x 39,600 rubles). Gross annual profit (revenue - cost - equipment costs) = 409,860 rubles. –97,020 rub. – 110,000 rub. = 202,840 rub.

Profit after tax (15%) – 172,414 rubles (net profit).

The profitability ratio (net profit/revenue) will be 85%. Thus, subject to 100% sales of products and the absence of unplanned costs, the equipment will pay for itself in the first month, bringing profit 172,414 rubles.

Deciding on sales channels

Better stimulation of consumer demand– this is the application innovative idea, which will be distinctive feature from competitors. For example, you can put a folding bag for husks or some kind of flavor (with the taste of bacon, cheese, etc.) in the package. If desired, the consumer will be able to open the package and enjoy a familiar product with their favorite flavor.

The good tradition of adding extra product to the packaging has become incredibly popular. People bought dozens of packs in the hope of finding a gold pendant or a large bill. Even an ordinary lollipop inside the package will be a pleasant surprise for people of all ages. Advertising in the media, billboards around the city, etc. require a certain expense item, but they will soon justify themselves with product recognition and a significant expansion of the clientele.

Practice shows that there are no bad business ideas; there are unfavorable circumstances or an incorrect approach to implementation. De facto for successful start Great competition or lack of experience is not a hindrance, the main thing is to have a great desire and correctly calculate your strengths, plus, of course, think through a sales strategy. Taking such axioms as a basis, you can take a completely new look at how to organize your first business.

Looking at a small business without regard to competition and lack of experience, you can discern a whole cluster of successful ideas, primarily mini-productions of various formats. Alas, the practice of entrepreneurship in Russia has brought trade and business to the first place, but experience Western countries suggests the fallacy of this approach. Following the realities of the development of market relations, we can assume that in the near future, the retail market will not easy times and vice versa, mini-workshops will receive a tangible impetus for development. Of course, such bright prospects are strategic calculations, but “the sleigh needs to be prepared in the summer.” Although except strategic advantages, many small production ideas have very specific advantages and can provide high . Today we’ll talk about one such direction, also subscribe to the blog, a whole series of articles devoted to this direction is being prepared for publication. Let me remind you that the publication contains three articles with a description, with business plan calculations, it will be interesting.

Fried sunflower seeds without false modesty can be called the most popular product in Russia for "killing time", for example, in the USA this niche is occupied by popcorn. The real volumes of consumption of roasted sunflower seeds in the country are simply not known, of course, there are statistics from large producers, but according to experts, they occupy no more than 10-30% of the market, although these figures are frankly taken from the ceiling. Of course, we can note the trends of the last decade in the growth of the "civilization" of the market and the increasing demand for packaged "factory" roasted seeds. But as always. Their greed played a cruel joke on the producers. Quite quickly, big business abandoned working with “quality” and switched to working on the principle of “quantity”, thereby turning away some of the consumers. Although it is worth being objective, sometimes not only the manufacturer of fried seeds is to blame, but also intermediaries, not observing the storage conditions of the finished product during its delivery. Whatever it was, the result of such actions was a significant deterioration in the quality of finished seeds from "brand" companies. Small businesses began to use this factor, creating small mini-shops for the production of fried seeds on a regional scale, and very successfully.

Strengths of the idea of ​​a mini workshop for the production of fried seeds

• - low price of entering the business, more details about the list of equipment for the production of fried sunflower seeds here. (date of publication: 04/18/2014);
• - high profitability of seed processing;
• - ease of organization. You need a small room, minimum requirements from regulatory authorities, including the CEC, at least a few staff and the usual infrastructure, in fact, the same can be said about taxes, and enough;
• - technological simplicity of the production process;
• - high demand. It is worth noting that there is a demand for seeds all year round, What

Disadvantages of producing roasted seeds

• - organization of sales of mini-workshop products. The most painful issue and requiring special attention, plus non-traditional approaches at the stage of formation of the distribution network.
• - the need for additional investment of money in the advertising campaign.

As we see, there are few disadvantages in a small workshop, but they are quite significant, now we will consider the main stages of opening production.

The first stage of opening production is choosing a premises.

The room for a mini workshop for roasting seeds should be quite spacious, optimally up to 100 square meters, plus 30-40 square meters of storage space. The regulatory authorities do not put forward any special requirements for its equipment, as in fact, in any production, cladding, ventilation, electricity and running water are needed. It would be a good addition if gas was supplied to the room. Gas ovens are a little more economical compared to electric ovens, but practice shows that you should not specifically use natural gas at least at the initial stage of establishing a small production workshop, the costs are too high. Actually, all the requirements, and of course the workshop premises, need to be equipped with a fire alarm. The latter is mandatory for all types of production activities.

Stage two – selection of equipment for a small production workshop.

Actually, there are several options here; you can go with the most condensed option and buy a minimum set of equipment, which will include:

• oven for roasting seeds,
• packaging machine
• cooler-cleaner.

In this case, only ready-made culinary seeds (pre-calibrated, dried and peeled) will have to be used in production. Such raw materials will cost an order of magnitude more than ordinary farm seeds, which still need to be processed. It is worth noting that purchasing additional equipment for calibration and cleaning is quite expensive and justifies such equipment only for more or less significant volumes. We’ll talk about this separately in an article dedicated to equipment for a mini-workshop for the production of fried seeds here.

Stage three of opening – installation of equipment

All equipment used in the production of fried seeds is installed independently and does not require special conditions or knowledge, although if you buy new, then of course the best option Will be purchased with installation by the manufacturer. By the way, the ease of installation and dismantling of the equipment provides very high mobility of the business for the production of fried seeds, which is another big plus. For example, the same fish workshop is much more difficult to “move”, which often has a negative impact. Taking into account the small investments in opening production and mobility, this is an excellent option for those who want to try themselves in the production direction and dream of a mini-workshop.

Stage four in opening a small production - choosing suppliers of raw materials.

Of course, ideally, I would like to find one channel for the supply of high-quality calibrated culinary seeds, but business practice shows the unreality of this option. Typically, such a supplier has very inflated prices and is ready for discounts only for large volumes. A small workshop cannot afford this, therefore a constant search for a supplier and the availability of a constant supply of raw materials is the main condition for work. Frankly speaking, the most the best option is the purchase of sunflowers at the height of the harvest; it is during this period that sunflower seeds are sold at the lowest price. Especially if you buy from the “field” and “finish” them yourself, bringing them to marketable condition and selling part of the seeds after the new year. Equipping a small barn for storing sunflowers will be relatively inexpensive; the main problem is further work with the seeds, which requires the presence of certain equipment. And these are additional costs. Although, a couple of years ago, when we carried out calculations for one farm on the payback of building a mini elevator for processing and storing sunflower seeds, we came to the conclusion that such expenses pay off in 2 successful seasons. True, purchasing raw sunflowers also requires money, and this is an additional burden on business. In general, I recommend going one of these ways:

• - first, work with small farms with their own storage capacity. It is this category that sells sunflowers in small batches throughout the year to maintain business. The cost in this case will fluctuate greatly depending on the price of the seed on the market;
• - second, this is the creation of our own storage facilities and purchases at the height of the season, which implies additional investment of money in opening our own production. In this case, a small seed production workshop will have a more or less stable cost throughout the year, and of course a certain stability.

Stage five - fry the seeds.

Actually, the technology of a mini workshop is no different from the technology of frying sunflowers at home. The main difference may be the presence of an automatic conveyor-oven, but for small production it is better to use ovens with periodic loadings of seeds. This is cheaper to start a business and makes it possible to better control the roasting process, and this means control over the quality of the finished product. And quality is the key to the success of the idea.

The sixth stage is the sale of finished products.

As the implementations have already said, this is the biggest problem when opening a small production, and it doesn’t matter in what area. And with regard to roasted seeds, even more so. A proven way to sell the products of a small workshop is to work with convenience stores, while the vast majority of such stores belong to small businesses that are not picky in choosing suppliers. To be clear, large chains require not only deep discounts, but also a fee for placing the product on their shelves. As a result, it’s worth starting your own business with them, working with retail, you should do two main things at once:

• - dumping. We offer our goods below the wholesale price of branded manufacturers;
• - it is immediately necessary to provide seeds of different packaging, from the smallest packages to 500 grams.

Plus, don’t forget about the advertising campaign; in this case, billboards at traffic intersections with a bright and memorable slogan and, of course, a design work very well. You shouldn’t “invent” advertising yourself; it’s best to contact a professional advertising agency. The second technique, which has proven itself for a narrow regional business, are promotions using prizes and the circulation of “soft” toys at traffic intersections.

Discovery practice shows that to form a full-fledged sales network it will take six months of intensive work with retail stores. This factor must be taken into account when forming a “margin” of strength for a tear-off project.

program "Your business" project for the production of fried sunflower seeds

How to start your own business? Will the show talk about it? roasted sunflower seed project