In this material:

If cargo transportation is chosen as an activity, where to start the business? Such an occupation was considered unpromising 2 years ago. Today, even a beginner has the opportunity to transport goods quite profitably and create profitable business. This is a costly and troublesome task. Up to $10,000 is the amount of starting capital without purchasing trucks.

Trucking business concept

The market for in-demand freight forwarding services is continuously growing in Russia. The services of qualified logisticians are always in demand. The activities of industrial, commercial and manufacturing enterprises. How to start a business related to the transportation of various types of cargo? You should navigate the market by studying competitors' offers.

Intercity and international flights are the most income type cargo transportation business. In this market segment, the company is subject to more stringent requirements for documentation technical means And technical specifications, however, significantly higher than the average prices for such cargo transportation. Possible various options organization of this business. Without having your own car, you can implement a business idea for cargo transportation.

Cargo transportation as a business allows customers to purchase the necessary equipment and various types of equipment from suppliers, bring raw materials for production, and send goods to their customers. Cargo transportation is used by various modes of transport. Delivery by water transport, plane, railway or road transport is a popular service. Heavy and large cargo can be transported profitably and conveniently using rail or air transportation. Small consignments of cargo are transported using curtained vehicles. Clients value high-quality, reliable, prompt delivery during office or apartment moves.

Specifics of the cargo transportation business

The mature market for forwarding services has a very high level of market competition However, entrepreneurs who have managed to occupy a niche and organize a profitable cargo transportation business have a stable high income. Small private firms account for about 60% of the cargo transportation market, the remaining 40% belong to large companies. An enterprising, enterprising entrepreneur can open a business from scratch in the forwarding services market, provided the right approach to organization is taken. When entering this business, significant amounts of start-up capital are required.

How to open a business related to freight transportation?

Within current legislation You can register as an individual entrepreneur, owner of a small company. An individual entrepreneur manages his business independently. How to open an individual entrepreneur? Within standard procedure registration of an individual entrepreneur takes place, which costs several thousand rubles.

The legal right to transport goods is given by a transport license. For smooth crossing state border freight vehicles must obtain an additional license, which is valid for 15 days. The responsible person is given a power of attorney for the transportation of goods, a list of items being transported, a package of accompanying papers, and a waybill. These forwarding documents are required to fulfill various types cargo transportation.

To transport oversized or bulky cargo, the carrier must obtain a special permit. To officially open an individual entrepreneur for cargo transportation, you must obtain insurance for the cargo vehicle. Plastic bag constituent documents required to register as an object of taxation with the tax authorities. An entrepreneur must obtain a TIN.

Individual entrepreneurs involved in cargo transportation are exempt from accounting. Any enterprise is quite a risky business, so the various nuances of a cargo transportation business being opened should be taken into account by the main document drawn up by professionals who will help and advise on how to organize a business. A business plan is the main document of a future entrepreneur, which helps to assess their commercial opportunities. The success of a business related to cargo transportation primarily depends on this competent document.

The business plan should reveal the main problems of the activity:

• strategy and goal of the company's development;
• organizational issues;
• sources of start-up capital;
• order search options.

Part of the business plan is the financial side.

Smart startup

To carry out full-fledged cargo transportation, it is necessary to purchase cars. It is worth starting a business from scratch by purchasing reliable imported cars. A startup will be easier if the aspiring entrepreneur has his own freight transport. The location of the office is not critical. If you want to start cargo transportation, it is better to start the freight forwarding business by using one car. Where to start a business to get good income? It is important for carriers to avoid unprofitable idle runs.

A future entrepreneur should take care of hiring qualified workers for a cargo transportation business in a timely manner. Logistics forwarders help minimize transport costs. In accordance with the contract, these professionals perform insurance, storage, transhipment, and freight forwarding from the initial loading point to the final destination. These business specialists in cargo transportation choose the optimal route, solve problems with customs clearance, monitor the completion of documents.

To develop your business you will need:

• use of reliable cars;
• website with prices and descriptions of services;
• electronic digital signature;
• experienced drivers, several logistics forwarders.

In the first months of the company’s operation, when the client base has not been created, the work has not yet been established, and no one knows about the transport company yet, it is especially difficult for entrepreneurs.

If you organize your cargo transportation business correctly, you can soon make a good profit.

Order a business plan

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Here you will learn about the cargo transportation business, and you can also download an example of a business plan for organizing this business.

Having your own business and working for your own profit is an idea that can appeal to anyone. But just what kind of business should I start? If you have the right to drive a car of category “C” and “B”, then the answer suggests itself. You can organize a service specializing in cargo transportation. In order to open cargo transportation, you need to draw up detailed business plan opening your future enterprise, an example of which is presented below.

Where to start and how to open your own business

For many, the expression “I want to do cargo transportation” is the key point in starting a business, but it’s not enough to just wish, because you also need to know how to start cargo transportation from scratch and open your own business the right way.

Your Jedi path should look like this:

1. Drawing up a business plan.
2. Drawing up all necessary contracts and agreements.
3. Purchase of transport and, if necessary, special equipment: gazelles, trucks, Kamaz trucks, etc.
4. Registration of a cargo transportation business - opening an individual entrepreneur.
5. Renting an office (if needed).
6. Hiring work force(if needed).
7. Advertising your business.

How to open an individual entrepreneur

Of course, if you have any large organization, then you will have to open an LLC. But if you decide to engage in small cargo transportation, i.e. have a small number of trucks, gazelles and personnel (or even do everything yourself), then you need to register as an individual entrepreneur. It's very simple.

How to open an individual entrepreneur for cargo transportation:

1. It is necessary to prepare a standard package of documents:
2. Pay the state fee.
3. Submit an application to the tax office, in which you need to indicate passport data, contact phone number, activity code according to OKVED - for cargo transportation code 60.24. Depending on the number of activities, there may be several codes. They are all located nearby.

You can do all this either yourself, or provide a power of attorney to your representative, which he has done for you.

Business plan

Project overview section

IN this section the goal of the project is indicated, which means the creation of the enterprise itself, which will provide cargo transportation services on medium-sized commercial transport.

The organization’s work scheme includes the dispatcher receiving an order for cargo transportation, then transferring the order to the driver and, accordingly, its execution by the latter. The enterprise must be focused on consumer demand, i.e. of people.

Description of the enterprise

Cargo transportation will be carried out by a separate entrepreneur. In this case it is the most best option, which allows you to reduce the tax burden on the organization and minimize accounting. In the event that an entrepreneur carries out cargo transportation with less than 20 vehicles, then the single tax for temporary income.

Freight market analysis

Before starting your own business, it is worth conducting an analysis of the market segment. Freight transportation is no exception here. Opening the local press, you will see that there are not many advertisements offering this type of service. Therefore, it is worth first finding out:

• who is your future competitor;
• what vehicles he uses to transport cargo;
• who are its clients, what kind of cargo does it transport;
• what is the cost of the services he provides?

After analyzing all this data, you can find out how to proceed next.

If, after analyzing the cargo transportation market, you have not given up on the idea of ​​opening own business, then next you need to develop an action plan for marketing and attracting customers. It must necessarily include the development, placement and distribution of advertising for the enterprise and freight transportation services in the media. It would also be useful to distribute advertising leaflets and hand out business cards in those stores that sell building materials, household appliances, furniture. You can consider a system of discounts for regular customers.

Enterprise production plan

Before the full operation of the enterprise begins, it is worth purchasing several vehicles on which cargo transportation will be carried out. You can take, for example, 1-2 GAZelles. You will also need to rent boxes for storing and parking your cars.

When you are just starting your business, you can refuel your car at the retail price at a gas station. If things go well and you want to expand your fleet for cargo transportation, you can enter into an agreement with a gas station, according to which fuel will be purchased at a more favorable price.

As for personnel, you will need 1 driver, 1 dispatcher. The entrepreneur himself can act as a second driver. Accounting Cargo transportation can be handled by a company specializing in this. You will also need two or three loaders. It is better to agree with them on a piece rate.

Enterprise expenses

Below is a list of estimated expenses (in rubles):

• purchase of cars - 1,000,000;
• rent of office space (per month) - 10,000;
• rental of boxes - 10,000;
• fuels and lubricants - 40,000;
• wage fund - 30,000;
• advertising - 10,000;
• other expenses - 20,000;
• total - 1,120,000.

From the data it is clear that to organize a cargo transportation service you will need a starting capital of 1120 thousand rubles.

Income

On average, a freight transportation service earns about 150 thousand rubles per month using two cars. Net revenue will be about 50 thousand. It turns out that you can achieve self-sufficiency within 2 years. If cars are leased, the payback period is reduced to 3-4 months.

What does an ordinary man with a license do if he doesn't have enough money? That's right - it works! There is a demand for taxi services almost always and everywhere. Entrepreneurs who start a cargo transportation business think about the same thing.

However, as experience shows, 10-15% of small transportation companies go out of business every year. Bankrupt cargo carriers cite fierce competition (including dirty competition), unstable demand, and high operating costs as the reasons for their failure. Meanwhile, a competent business plan for your own cargo transportation can neutralize any risks.

Cargo transportation: overview of the cargo transportation services market

The all-Russian cargo transportation market reached 773 billion rubles in 2017, which is 14.6% more than a year earlier. Real volumes, calculated not in rubles, but in ton-kilometers, more accurately characterize the state of this sector of the economy. But here the business has not such impressive dynamics - the increase was 6.4% - or 130.9 billion ton-km. If we compare with 2014, the situation looks in a completely different light. Then the cost volume was equal to 982 billion rubles, and the physical volume was 117.6 billion ton-km.

Experts say that the positive trend is likely to continue in 2019. But even under these conditions, running a small business and transporting heavy loads will feel like an icy shower. Of course, you will have to forget about foreign-made trucks and focus on competition with your “colleagues in the shop.”

“Don’t dream of big profits and a short payback period for cargo transportation,” says Igor Malyugin, an expert on business plans. - At the same time, there will be income. The owner of a company with 2 Gazelles can count on earnings in the range of 2-2.5 average salaries in the region. Of course, if it spins like a squirrel in a wheel.”

How to open your own cargo transportation company: step-by-step instructions

Here's a short plan of action on how to open your own small business from scratch. transport company:

• develop a business plan for freight transportation;
• company registration;
• search for funds for start-up investments;
• rental of office and space for vehicles;
• personnel selection;
• selection and purchase of vehicles or, as an option, car rental;
• advertising campaign and marketing;
• let's start the business.

What does it take to open a cargo transportation business?

Before starting a business, you need to decide what transportation to carry out. If you are counting on small volumes, then choose a form for this entrepreneurial activity- IP. This is easy to do - go to your local tax office and follow a series of easy written procedures.

Until 01/01/17, the status of individual entrepreneur was confirmed by a certificate. Today, the main document for a businessman is an extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs in form P6000. It will be issued 3 days after submitting the application. There, at the tax office, they will talk about preferential taxation and even give links to sites where you can find a sample of any contract for individual entrepreneurs for “domestic” cargo transportation.

Of course, you can register a Limited Liability Company, but the total amount of taxes will be prohibitive for a novice businessman. This form is necessary for working with large customers, as it takes into account VAT (this tax individual entrepreneurs don't cry). Large businesses simply will not agree to conclude contracts with “individuals”.

Conducting a cargo transportation business “under the table” - that is, without registration - is simply dangerous. With today's level of control, leftist cargo carriers quickly come to the attention of law enforcement agencies.

Staff

The next step of the business plan is recruiting personnel for cargo transportation. You need to look for personnel for cargo transportation in parallel with vehicles.

“The technology is not only expensive, but also unsafe. Transportation is associated with property liability and the price of the cargo. So you should approach hiring drivers responsibly,” advises businessman Ilya Komolov.

Ilya’s cargo transportation business plan assumes that a couple of drivers will be enough to start with. It is necessary to conclude an agreement on material property with each of them. Loaders will probably be needed. It is not necessary to hire them - it is enough to have contact numbers of people who are ready to come to work on the first call. It is also better for the owner of the company to take over the functions of the dispatcher. Or outsource.

Here are the monthly salaries for personnel according to the business plan:

The monthly wage fund for a company with a staff of 2 drivers will be 115 thousand rubles per month. Here we will add a tax of 6% of turnover and contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund in the amount of 22,261.38 rubles + 1% of turnover. With a total income of, for example, 500 thousand rubles in the first month, personnel costs will be:

115,000 (salary) + 22,261 (stable rate) + 5,000 (1% of 500,000) = 142,261 rubles.

Marketing

As we have already noted, the freight transportation market is characterized by high and fierce competition. Figuratively speaking, you need to not whisper about yourself, hoping for word of mouth, but declare it as loudly as possible so that potential customers can hear.

“It is best to advertise in local media,” Komolov believes. “It’s worth going around as many houses and yards as possible, sticking information about yourself - like, we’ll deliver the cargo quickly, cheaply and reliably.”

You can also be on duty at building materials supermarkets. It’s easiest to find clients there, although you can run into aggressive “colleagues”. Examples of those whose business “got on its feet” show that advertising needs to be done constantly.

Equipment

Due to the expensive currency, you will have to rely on Russian cars. Experienced entrepreneurs advise buying for cargo transportation vehicles with an extended body (the so-called Europlatform) GAZ-3302 Gazelle with a Cummins diesel engine.

How much money do you need to open transportation?

So we decided to open small company with a fleet of 2 GAZ-3302 trucks, as most do. In this case, the costs, according to the business plan, will be as follows:

• 2 GAZ-3302 Gazelle cars with a Cummins diesel engine - 2,108,000 rubles;
• laptop, alarm system, video recorders, anti-theft mechanisms and insurance - 60,000 rubles;
• fuel and fuels and lubricants - 100,000 rubles;
• rental of parking spaces - 12,000 rubles
• unforeseen expenses for repairs and other needs - 160,000 rubles;
• advertising - 50,000 rubles
• salary fund - 142,261 rubles.

In total, according to the cargo transportation business plan, you will have to pay 2,632,261 rubles.

Please note that our business plan for cargo transportation takes into account minimal costs. For example, if the hired driver has a parking space in the yard of the house, and fuel is purchased from advance payments.

Payback period

If the investment is made from personal money, then the normal payback period does not exceed 10-12 months - based on this, an individual entrepreneur business plan is drawn up. If a bank loan was taken out, the company will pass the break-even point in 3 years at best. In any case, the registration and taxes of the company determine the organization of work and the speed of return on initial investments.

Rent a car or use your own?

If there is no money to start or banks refuse, cars are rented. But the rates are high, plus you will have to pay additional insurance.

“I tried renting. It feels like I’ve turned into a galley slave,” writes forum member #hfaur. And most users agree with him.

Profitability of business in cargo transportation

Profitability to cost level depends on the type of work. If you choose an intracity format, it is unlikely that you will be able to exceed it by more than 10-15%. If cargo transportation is intercity, profitability reaches 25-35%. True, the more profitable segment of the market is controlled by large businesses, which defend their niche with extreme rigidity.

Pros and cons of the cargo delivery business

The disadvantages include the high risk of the driver's profession, accidents on the roads, and the high cost of new equipment. In addition, unscrupulous clients can also go bankrupt if they place orders incorrectly. Unfortunately, there are many such cases.

The start may also be difficult. Real calculations by many experts show that a business is successful when new light-duty trucks have a price tag no more than 600-700 thousand rubles. Alas, for that kind of money you can only buy 3- and even 5-year-old Gazelles, but restoring them will require not only nerves, but also money.

The advantages include large earnings - of course, if you are lucky with international orders. At the same time, a survey of businessmen shows that after 3 years of work in this market, the majority manage to find regular customers.

Conclusion

Any business plan for cargo transportation remains just a project - which, for a number of reasons, may not be implemented. The cost of new cars, of course, puts pressure on entrepreneurs, who have a particularly difficult time in the first three years of activity, when contracts with large clients operating on international routes have not yet been “developed.” The amount of initial investment is of great importance. If you start a business with your own money, then it will pay off in a year; if a loan was taken out, it will take three times longer. It is not recommended to rent trucks, although for many entrepreneurs this is the only chance.

IN Lately Many people strive to become owners of their own business. Of course, hired work has its positive sides: the employer has established business processes, its staff is familiar with their own responsibilities, it has permanent business partners and experience in market activities. However, “working for an uncle” greatly reduces the possibilities of one’s own realization. The employee is within strictly limited limits and must follow only the instructions of management. It is the lack of conditions for self-improvement in hired work that pushes many people to start their own business. In addition, having your own business implies not only responsibility for its management, but also a certain profit.

What kind of business guarantees monetary benefits? There are many types of own businesses: a person can open a store, a car wash, a travel company, a real estate office... Those who have driving experience and category B and C licenses can open a company that will engage in light-duty cargo transportation.

The first step in opening any type of your own business should be thinking through a business plan for light-duty cargo transportation. Of course, the desire to engage in a specific type of activity is a good incentive to start a business. However, you need to know a certain sequence of actions that you will have to perform when starting your own business.

• First, it is necessary to carefully study the general market situation of light-duty cargo transportation. This is necessary in order to make sure whether the services that are going to be offered to him will be in demand among the consumer.

• If the answer to the previous question is positive, then you can start thinking through and drawing up a detailed business plan.

• The next stage involves drawing up a complete package of all necessary contracts and agreements.

• Purchase of light commercial vehicles.

• Registration individual entrepreneurship for cargo transportation.

• If necessary, renting office space.

• Hiring employees.

• Carrying out promotions for faster promotion of the cargo transportation business.

Business plan - cargo transportation. First section

When drawing up a business plan, you must take into account that your business will be related specifically to light-duty transportation. Its first section can be called an overview. It contains the goals pursued by an entrepreneur opening a light-duty freight transportation business. It is understood that the provision of this service will be associated with the use of light commercial vehicles.

The organization of future activities will have to take place according to the following scheme:

• The cargo transportation dispatcher accepts an order for the provision of cargo transportation services;
• Submits requests to the driver;
• The driver fulfills the received order.

A freight transportation company must focus on the demand for its services among consumers.

Business plan - cargo transportation. Second section

The second section of the business plan is called “Description of the enterprise.” A specific entrepreneur will handle cargo transportation. This option is considered the most profitable, as it helps reduce tax charges from the company and reduce the burden on accounting. If the company's fleet contains less than twenty cars, then the entrepreneur will have to pay taxes on UTII.

Opening a cargo transportation business involves registering your own business. Because, future business will be associated with light-tonnage cargo transportation, the vehicle fleet will consist of a small number trucks, such as “Gazelle”, and the staff consists of a small number of employees, then it is advisable to register as an individual entrepreneur or, in extreme cases, as an LLC.

To register an individual business, you need to pay a state fee and collect a certain list of documents, the list of which can be found at the tax office. Then an application in the established format is submitted to this organization. The application must contain passport data, contact phone number and activity code according to the OKVED classification (code for the transportation of goods - 60.24). The future entrepreneur can perform all these steps himself or register through an authorized representative.

Opening a small-tonnage cargo transportation business is associated with a preliminary analysis of the market situation in this segment. Such a study should include a review of both the general market situation and individual cases. The analysis can be carried out using local newspapers and magazines, on the pages of which advertisements for the provision of cargo transportation services are printed. Most often, there are not too many such advertisements.

Reviewing the press will help answer several questions:

• Which companies will become competitors in future activities;

• What light commercial vehicles do they use when transporting products?

• What kind of products do they deliver?

• Who is in their customer base;

• What is the cost of the services they provide?

Analysis of the information received can facilitate acceptance the right decision. If after this the idea of ​​starting your own business has not lost its attractiveness, then you can draw up a production plan and calculate the profitability of future activities. In addition, it is necessary to create marketing plan, aimed at attracting customers and promoting the business of transporting products. One of its points should include an advertising campaign to promote the company itself and its services.

Advertising can be placed in media mass media and in advertising leaflets. You can display your business cards in stores that sell furniture, tools, building materials or household appliances. A developed system of certain discounts will help attract more customers.

Production plan for light-duty transportation

It is quite clear that one of the conditions for the functioning of a transport company is the availability of trucks, in our case light-duty trucks, on which products will be transported.

The company must have a good fleet of vehicles. You can start cargo transportation activities with one or two Gazelles. The company must have its own or rented parking lot and storage boxes. Initially refueling Vehicle will happen at a regular gas station. In the future, if conditions permit, the company can enter into a special agreement with the gas station for the purchase of gasoline and diesel fuel at a more favorable price.

At the initial stage of the business, the staff may consist of one freight dispatcher (Freight Dispatcher Business) and one driver. If necessary, the entrepreneur will have to act as a second driver himself.

It would be useful to include one or two loaders on the staff, whose labor will be paid upon completion of the work. Accounting can be handled by a separately hired person.

Of course, compilation full list expenses accompanying any enterprise are hardly possible. Nevertheless, it is possible to determine at least an approximate part of them.

So one of possible options The consumable part looks something like this:

• Purchase of vehicles – 1,200,000 rubles;

• The monthly rent for the premises that the office will occupy is 20,000 rubles;

• HMS – 40 thousand rubles;

• Rent for boxes – 10 thousand rubles;

• Actions advertising nature– 10,000 rubles;

• The salary of the company’s employees is 40 thousand rubles;

• Other expenses – 20,000 rubles.

The above information directly indicates that opening a company for transporting products will cost no less than 1,340,000 rubles. Also, you need to remember that these numbers convey only an approximate picture.. Accurate calculations depend on many factors, the leading place among which is the territorial location of the entrepreneur. For example, renting offices in provincial cities is cheaper than in big cities.

A company whose fleet consists of two cars can earn up to 150,000 rubles per month. Net income, in this case, will be equal to 50,000 rubles.

With a little calculation, you can estimate that the company will turn into profitable enterprise no earlier than 2 years later. If you use rented cars, this period will be reduced to 1 year. Thus, a logical conclusion arises that organizing a company for small-scale transportation of products is a profitable option for owning your own business.

Another profitable business: Freight logistics