With the help of which it is possible to establish whether the information contained in an electronic document has been distorted since the moment the signature was formed, and also allows you to confirm that a particular document belongs to the owner.

Deciphering the basic concepts

Each electronic signature must be confirmed by a special certificate that certifies the identity of the owner. You can get a certificate in a special center or from a trusted representative.

The owner of the certificate is individual, for which the certification authority has issued an electronic signature certificate. Each owner has two signature keys: public and private. The private key of the ES allows you to sign electronic documents, which can be used to generate an electronic signature. It is kept secret, like a pin code from bank card.

The function of the public key is to verify the authenticity of the signature on documents. It is associated with a closed "colleague" in a one-to-one order.

In law

The Federal Law "On Electronic Digital Signature" subdivides ES into several types: simple ES, enhanced unqualified and qualified ES. Using a simple electronic signature, you can confirm the fact of creating an ES for a specific person. This is done through the use of passwords, codes, and other means.

An enhanced unqualified digital signature is the result of a cryptographic transformation of information, which is performed using the private key of the electronic signature. With the help of such a signature, it is possible to establish the identity of the signer of the document, as well as to detect, if any, changes that have occurred since the signing of the papers.

Qualified signature

The enhanced qualified ES has the same features, however, to create it, the DS is verified using cryptoprotection tools certified by the Federal Security Service. Certificates of such a signature can only be issued in an accredited certification center, and nowhere else.

According to the same law, signatures of the first two types are equivalent to a handwritten signature on a paper document. Between people performing any operation using ES, it is necessary to conclude an appropriate agreement.

The third type (qualified digital signature) is an analogue of not only a handwritten signature, but also a seal. Thus, documents certified by such a signature have legal force and are recognized by regulatory authorities (FTS, FSS and others).

Application for legal entities

Currently, EDS is most often used for a legal entity. The technology of digital signatures in electronic document management is widely used. The purpose of the latter can be different: external and internal exchange, documents can be of a personnel or legislative nature, organizational, administrative or commercial and industrial, in a word, everything that can get by with only a signature and a seal. EDS registration must be produced in an accredited center.

For internal workflow digital signature useful in that it allows you to quickly initiate the fact of approval of papers that organize internal processes. EDS allows the director not only to sign documents while out of the office, but also not to store piles of papers.

In inter-corporate document management, an electronic digital signature is one of the most important conditions, because without it, digital papers have no legal force and cannot be used as evidence in the event of a lawsuit. An electronic document signed with an enhanced electronic signature retains its legitimacy even when stored in an archive for a long time.

Electronic reporting

EDS is indispensable for reporting to regulatory authorities. Many documents can be submitted to in electronic format instead of carrying a whole stack of forms. The client can not only choose the time and not stand in line, but also submit reports in a way convenient for him: through 1C programs, portals public institutions or separate software specially designed for this. EDS will be a fundamental element in such a process. For a legal entity that has received an electronic signature certificate, the main criterion should be the reliability of the certification center, but the method of its delivery is unimportant.

public services

Most citizens have come across the term "electronic signature" on various sites. One of the ways to verify an account, for example, on a portal that provides access to a set of public services, is confirmation by electronic signature. Moreover, digital signature for individuals allows you to sign any digital documents sent to a particular department, or receive signed letters, contracts and notifications. If the body executive power accepts electronic documents, then any citizen can send a digitally signed application and not waste their time submitting papers on a first-come, first-served basis.

UEC

An analogue of an EDS for individuals is a universal electronic card into which an enhanced qualified electronic signature is embedded. The UEC has the form of a plastic card and is an identification tool for a citizen. It is unique, like a passport. Through this card, you can carry out many actions - from paying and receiving public services, to replacing documents such as a medical policy and a SNILS card.

A universal electronic card can be combined with an electronic wallet, bank account and even a travel ticket, in a word, with any of the documents that can be accepted digitally. Is it convenient to carry only one document? Or is it easier to keep everything in paper form? This issue will have to be resolved by every citizen in the near future, because technology is becoming more and more firmly rooted in our lives.

Other applications

Also, documents signed by ES are used to conduct electronic trading. The presence of a digital signature in this case guarantees buyers that the offers at the auction are real. In addition, contracts not signed with the help of the EOC have no legal force.

Electronic documents can be used as evidence when considering cases in an arbitration court. Any certificates or receipts, as well as other papers certified by a digital signature or other analogue of a signature, are written evidence.

Document flow between individuals occurs mainly in paper form, however, it is possible to transfer papers or conclude contracts using ES. Remote workers can use a digital signature to electronically submit acceptance certificates.

How to choose a certificate

Since there are three types of electronic signature, citizens often have a question about which certificate is better. It should be remembered that any ES is an analogue of a handwritten signature, and at the moment the legislation of the Russian Federation establishes that a person has the right to use them at his own discretion.

The choice of a digital signature directly depends on the tasks that will be solved through it. If reports are being prepared for submission to regulatory authorities, a qualified signature will be required. For inter-corporate document management, a qualified electronic signature is also most often required, because only it not only gives documents legal force, but also allows you to establish authorship, control changes and the integrity of papers.

Internal document flow can be carried out with all types of digital signatures.

How to sign an EDS document?

The main question for those who need to use an electronic digital signature for the first time is how the document is signed. Everything is simple with papers - I signed and gave it away, but how to do it on a computer? Such a process is impossible without the use of special software. The program for EDS is called cryptographic provider. It is installed on a computer, and various activities with forms are already carried out in its environment.

There are a fairly large number of crypto providers, both commercial and free. All of them are certified government bodies, however, if interaction with 1C:Enterprise is required, then the choice should be made on one of two products: VipNet CSP or CryptoPro CSP. The first program is free, and the second will need to be bought. You should also be aware that when installing two crypto providers at the same time, conflicts are inevitable, therefore, for correct operation, one of them will have to be removed.

Convenient, according to user reviews, an application for generating digital signatures is called CyberSafe. It not only allows you to sign documents, but also works as a certification center, that is, this program checks the digital signature. Also, the user can upload documents to the server, so the signed agreement or certificate will be available to all enterprise specialists who have access to the program, and there will be no need to send it to everyone by e-mail. On the other hand, you can also make it so that only a certain group of people get access.

EDO - mandatory or not?

Many enterprises have already appreciated that EDS is a convenience, and electronic document management (EDF) saves time, but whether or not to use it is an exclusively personal choice. For the implementation of EDI, it is not necessary to connect the operator; by agreement, you can use the usual email or by any other means of electronic transmission of information, it all depends on the agreement between the participants in the exchange.

Organization of any electronic document management associated with certain costs, in addition, you will have to install and configure a program for signing documents - a cryptographic provider. This can be done like on their own, and use the services of specialists who install software remotely, even without a visit to the client's office.

EPC in internal EDI

In the case of intercorporate turnover, the pros and cons are immediately clear, and positive sides in the clear majority. Among the shortcomings, one can note only the costs of the EDS key, the organization of software (even if this is a one-time waste), as well as minimizing personal meetings of company representatives and managers, but if necessary, a meeting can be organized.

But what will be useful electronic document management within the enterprise? How will the costs of supplying all employees with EDS keys be paid off?

Using digital documents saves time: instead of first printing out the necessary paper and then looking for it among a pile of printouts or even going to another office if a network printer is used, an employee can sign and send everything without getting up from the table. In addition, when switching to EDI, the cost of paper, toner and Maintenance printers.

Digital documents can also be a tool for maintaining confidentiality. An electronic signature cannot be forged, which means that even if an employee or manager has ill-wishers inside the company, they will not be able to perform any substitution of documents.

Often, innovations move slowly, so that it may be difficult for employees to get used to the new format of filing documents at first, but once they appreciate the convenience of the EDS, they will no longer want to return to running around with pieces of paper.

Psychological barrier

Electronic digital signatures have appeared relatively recently, so it is difficult for many to perceive them as a real analogue of familiar paper documents. At many enterprises, a similar problem arises: employees simply do not consider the contract signed until the paper has a real seal and signature. They use scans from paper documents and easily lose their EDS key. To overcome this psychological barrier will help ... one more piece of paper. Officially certified by a "wet" signature, the regulation on electronic document management will let employees understand that this is a serious thing and treat digital documents should be the same as for analog.

Another problem may arise in the educational part. Many companies employ older workers. They are valuable personnel, experienced in their field, have a lot of experience, but it can be quite difficult for them to explain how to use an electronic digital signature, because they have just recently been mastering e-mail, and here everything is much more complicated, and even there are many nuances.

The task of training can be transferred to the IT department or to resort to the help of third-party specialists. Many companies provide computer training and courses for their employees, where they are explained the basics of working with e-mail and various programs. Why not include an application for generating digital signatures in this list?

Hello! In this article we will talk about electronic digital signature.

Today you will learn:

1. What is an EDS and in what areas can it be applied;
2. On the legal force of a signature of this format;
3. About the benefits that its presence provides.

EDS has been a tool for some time, thanks to which the movement of documentation is simplified. And this happens not only within the company, but also outside it. How to become its owner, consider today.

EDS - what is it in simple words

Everyone knows that any document is signed by a person who has such authority. This is done in order to give the document legal force. Thanks to modern technologies, the entire document flow goes into electronic form. And it turned out to be extremely convenient!

What is EDS in simple terms?

EDS – this is an analogy to a conventional signature, which is used to give legal effect to documentation located on an electronic medium.

It is usually stored on a flash drive.

Advantages:

1. Simplifies and speeds up the process of data exchange (when there is cooperation with foreign companies);
2. Reducing the costs associated with document management;
3. Increasing the level of security for information of a commercial nature.

Terms related to EDS

Two other concepts are closely related to this concept: key And electronic signature certificate.The certificate confirms that the ES belongs to a specific person. It is strong and ordinary. An enhanced certificate is issued either by a certification authority or by the FSB.

The key is the characters in the sequence. They are usually used in pairs. The first is the signature itself, the other confirms that it is genuine. To sign each newly created document, a new key is generated.

The information that is received at the CA is not a digital signature, it is a means to create it.

A bit of history

The first EPs began to be used in Russia in 1994. And the law to regulate their use was adopted in 2002. It was extremely vague and ambiguous in its terminology. The issue of obtaining a signature was also practically not covered in it.

Since 2011, state structures have switched to electronic document management. And all officials received an EDS.

In 2012, this process took on a global scale, and thanks to this, we can now become the owners of universal modern signatures.

How to get an electronic digital signature

Consider a situation in which a person has evaluated all the advantages of this tool and a decision has been made to obtain an EDS. So, the question arose: what needs to be done for this? Let's talk about this in more detail.

To obtain an electronic digital signature, you need to go through several important steps:

• Decide on the type of signature;
• Select a certification authority;
• Fill out an application;
• Pay the invoice;
• Collect required package documentation;
• Get an EDS.

Now we will discuss each step in detail.

Step 1. Choose the type of signature that best suits you.

Over the past period of time, the number of those who want to receive an enhanced electronic signature has increased. This is due to the fact that it can confirm not only the identity of the sender of the document, but is also protected to the maximum. According to a number of experts, simple EDS will soon cease to exist completely.

Let's present in the form of a table in which areas they are used different kinds signatures.

Step 2 Select a certification authority.

If you need to get an EDS in order to submit reports, choose a qualified one, but if you just keep a document flow, then a simple one.

Let us clarify that the CA is a legal entity, the purpose of which is the formation and issuance of an EDS.

In addition, the UC carries out the following activities:

• Verifies that the signature is valid;
• If necessary, blocks the EDS;
• Acts as a mediator if a conflict situation suddenly arises;
• Provides technical support;
• Provides required software to clients.

There are about 100 UTs in the Russian Federation. It is better to choose the one that suits your location and capabilities. You can first check if there are any in your city. It's easy to do: just look at the information on the official website.

Step 3. Making an application.

To do this, either visit the office of the center, or fill it out online. The remote method allows you to avoid a personal visit to the CA, that is, save a certain amount of time.

As soon as the submission of the application is completed, the CA specialist contacts the client to clarify the data specified in it. You can ask questions and get advice.

Step 4. We pay.

You will have to pay for the service in advance. As soon as the application is accepted, all the details are agreed, the client is billed. The cost may vary, as it depends on the region where the client lives, on the company itself and on what kind of EDS you want to receive.

Moreover, the price range is quite large - from 1500 to 8000 rubles.

Documents for EDS

When collecting documents important nuance is the following: an EDS is needed for an individual, an EDS for a legal entity or for an individual entrepreneur. Therefore, we will characterize the documentation separately.

To obtain a signature, individuals must collect the following set of documentation:

• Completed application form;
• Passport with photocopy;
• SNILS;
• Receipt confirming the payment of the invoice.

If the recipient has a trustee, they can handle the submission of documents. The only thing you need is a power of attorney to perform such actions.

Legal entities need to prepare:

• Completed application;
• Certificate of OGRN;
• Certificate of TIN;
• (not overdue);
• Passport with a copy of the person who will use the EDS;
• Payment receipt;
• SNILS of the person who will use the EDS;
• If the signature will be used by the director, an order must be provided on the basis of which he holds this position;
• For other employees, powers of attorney are required so that they can use the EDS.

IP provide:

• Completed application;
• Certificate of OGRNIP;
• Certificate of TIN;
• An extract from the register of entrepreneurs, which is not more than 6 months old (a copy is possible);
• Receipt confirming payment.

If the application was submitted remotely, required documents sent to the CA by mail, if personally, then along with the application.

Electronic signature for individuals

For individuals, there are 2 types of signatures: qualified and unqualified. The procedure for obtaining, when compared with legal entities, is much simpler.

Individuals usually use ES to sign certain papers.

Currently, such systems have been developed for its application, such as:

• Unified portal of public services;
• ESIA network, for various information.

For the ESIA, a simple type of ES is sufficient, but for the public services portal, a qualified one is used.

To obtain an EDS, a citizen also applies to the CA, with all the documents and an application. You also need to have a flash drive with you, on which the private part of the key, known only to the owner, will be written.

The procedure looks like this:

• Apply to the CA for a certificate and to obtain an EDS key;
• Choose a password;
• Filling out forms for obtaining keys;
• Submission of all documents;
• Obtaining a certificate for keys.

Electronic signature for legal entities

The receipt algorithm is practically the same as obtaining a signature by an individual. In the same way, a CA is selected, all the necessary documents are collected, and the invoice is paid. The only thing to remember is that the extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities must be received on time, since the process of its preparation takes about 5 days.

Hash function: why you need it

hash function is a unique number that is obtained from the document by converting it using an algorithm.

It has an increased sensitivity to various kinds of distortions of the document, if at least one character in the original document changes, most of the characters of the hash value will be distorted.

The hash function is designed in such a way that it is impossible to restore the original document by its value, and it is also impossible to find 2 different electronic documents that have the same hash value.

To form an EDS, the sender calculates the hash function of the document and encrypts it using a secret key.

talking in simple words, it is designed to facilitate the exchange of data between users. It is a key data protection tool.

The file being signed goes through the hashing procedure. And the recipient will be able to verify the authenticity of the document.

Legal force of EDS

An EDS has the same legal force as an ordinary signature in a paper version of a document, if it was applied without violations. If deviations were found, the document is not valid. The state regulates the process of using EDS by Federal law.

EDS validity period

The EDS is valid for 12 months from the day it was received. As soon as this period ends, it is extended or another one is received.

Summing up. The use of EDS brings the greatest benefit to large companies and enterprises. Thanks to it, the document flow becomes cheaper, wide horizons for business open up.

It is also beneficial for ordinary citizens to have it. No need to stand in lines, order the state. services without leaving home. EDS is a modern, convenient and profitable tool.

(EDS) is an attribute of an electronic document designed to protect this electronic document from forgery, obtained as a result of cryptographic transformation of information using the private key of an electronic digital signature and allowing to identify the owner of the EDS key certificate, as well as to establish the absence of information distortion in the electronic document.

Regulatory documents related to EDS

The use of EDS when concluding transactions is regulated by the Federal Law of January 10, 2002 N1-FZ "ON ELECTRONIC DIGITAL SIGNATURE". The law proclaims general provisions"rules" in electronic markets regarding the recognition of an EDS in an electronic document as equivalent to a handwritten signature in a document on paper.

• Attached electronic digital signature

• Timestamp Service

  The validity period of any EDS certificate is limited to a certain period of time. After the expiration of its validity period, all documents created using this EDS lose their legal force, because. it is impossible to determine whether the certificate was up-to-date at the time of signing this document or not? This automatically means the invalidity of the document in accordance with the Federal Law "On Electronic Digital Signature".

  The time stamp service allows you to prove the fact of the existence of a document at a certain point in time.

  The Time Stamping Service can be a Certification Authority that has an accurate and reliable time source and provides time stamping services.

  The time stamp is analogous to the date on the signed document. It also confirms that the certificate was valid at the time the document was signed. This means that it is still possible to use the revoked certificate to verify digital signatures created before the revocation. This problem is relevant for all electronic document management systems. The timestamp can also be used to confirm the receipt or dispatch of a document when needed.

  What else allows you to use a digital signature?

  An electronic digital signature is one of the most important elements for organizing a full-fledged electronic document management, because serves as an analogue of a person's handwritten signature. In addition, the use of a digital signature allows you to:

  * Integrity control of the transferred document: in case of any accidental or intentional change of the document, the signature will become invalid, because it is calculated based on the initial state of the document and corresponds only to it.
  * Protection against changes (forgery) of the document: the guarantee of forgery detection during integrity control makes forgery impractical in most cases.
  * Impossibility of refusal of authorship. Since it is possible to create a correct signature only if the private key is known, and it should be known only to the owner, the owner cannot refuse his signature on the document.
  * Evidence of document authorship: Since it is possible to create a correct signature only if the private key is known, and it should be known only to the owner, the owner of the key pair can prove his authorship of the signature under the document. Depending on the details of the document definition, fields such as “author”, “changes made”, “timestamp”, etc. can be signed.

  What needs to be done to work with EDS?

  To work with EDS you need:

  • ensure the availability of a PC in accordance with the requirements;
  • ensure the availability of specialized software for working with EDS;
  • determine the person to whom the EDS certificate is issued;
  • choose the method of obtaining an EDS;
  • conclude a CA agreement and pay for services for issuing a signature key certificate.

  Leave your comment!

Electronic signature - how to make this analogue of a handwritten signature yourself, encrypted using cryptographic transformation of information, we will consider in the article.

How to create your signature and stamp electronically on a computer for free

per century information technologies Paper documents are being replaced by electronic media. To give them legal significance, they must also be certified with a signature and a seal. In this connection, many users have a question about how to make an electronic seal and signature yourself. To answer it, you need to find out what is an electronic digital signature (EDS)?

EDS - information about the signer attached to other information (document being signed).

There are 2 types of EDS: simple and enhanced. Enhanced, in turn, is divided into qualified and unskilled.

A simple digital signature (PES) is a signature consisting of a set of characters and passwords. A striking example of PEP is the use of a bank card. When registering it, a login and password are registered, and when making payment actions, the subscriber is registered on banking system phone number comes a code that should be entered to confirm the payment.

Unqualified ES - subscriber information encrypted using a cryptographic information converter that allows you to track the signer, as well as all changes made to the document after it is signed.

A qualified ES has the same properties as an unqualified signature, but its mandatory attribute is the DS verification key certificate.

A simple and unqualified ES correspond to a visa on a paper document, a qualified one is electronic seal and signature.

There are several ways to make a signature on a computer and certify a document with it. Which ones, we will consider further.

Creating an EDS in Word

Electronic signature for free created in MS Office documents. Consider an example with a Word file. To certify a document created using Word software, you must perform the following steps:

1. We put the cursor in the place where you want to add a signature.
2. Go to the "Insert" tab and click the "Microsoft Office Signature Line" button.

1. In the window that opens, fill in the required fields.

1. The signature is ready and looks like this:

You can also add a signature from the File menu. To do this, open the document, click the "File", "Details", "Document Protection" button and select the "Add Digital Signature" function.

Next, fill out the form in the same way as shown in Fig. 2. However, the signature generated by the above method is difficult to verify for authenticity. Therefore, many users choose the relatively inexpensive Karma software.

Karma program for creating EDS without MS Office

The Karma software is a cryptographic software product developed by Russian programmers that can be used in various systems of any level:

• for legally significant electronic document management (EDM);
• to work in the 1C system;
• for messages sent by email;
• for administrative document flow;
• to sign files opened by Windows Explorer, etc.

A feature of the system is the ability to add a graphic image of a signature and seal (facsimile) to a document. When using this function, the paper copy practically does not differ from the original.

In addition, the sender can attach a sticker to the document being signed, writing in it messages, comments or instructions intended for the recipient of the document. At the same time, the software has an intuitive interface that does not require special knowledge from the average user.

However, the signature generated by the Karma program is not suitable for sending reports to the Federal Tax Service or for working on the public services portal.

How to create an EDS and register a certificate online

To make an electronic signature online for EDO with IFTS, an individual needs to register in personal account taxpayer (LCN). To obtain a certificate in the LKN, go to the "Profile" section and click on the "Obtain a certificate of the electronic signature verification key certificate" button. This key is valid for 1 year, after which the certificate is requested again. In LKN is generated electronic signature online for free.

This function is available only to individuals, which do not include individual entrepreneurs, private notaries and other self-employed people. In addition, the EDS received by an individual in the LKN for sending reports to the Federal Tax Service is not suitable for working on the public services portal. To conduct electronic document management through the public services website, a citizen must use a universal electronic card received before 2017, or an electronic passport (if any), and also purchase a special reader (card reader).

To organize EDI with fiscal authorities and funds, as well as to work on sites intended for participation in tenders under the law of July 18, 2011 No. 223-FZ, subscribers can obtain an EDS verification key certificate only at an accredited certification center (CA).

ATTENTION! To work on the public procurement website, according to the law of 04/05/2013 No. 44-FZ, EDI participants should receive an EDS verification key certificate at the territorial department of the Federal Treasury (letter of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation of 10/26/2016 No. D28i-2792).

Registration of the EDS certificate

To generate a key, the subscriber needs to contact the nearest CA, having a full package of documents with him:

1. Individuals:

• application for a certificate;
• copies of the passport, TIN, SNILS of the individual - the owner of the certificate.

1. Legal entity:

• documents named in clause 1;
• extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (EGRIP);
• an order to appoint a manager or other document allowing a person to act on behalf of the subject;
• other documents at the request of the CA.

The certificate is usually recorded on removable media or issued on paper.

ATTENTION! Different certificates are issued for different operations. So, for work on the public procurement website under 44-FZ or at sites under 223-FZ, a certificate received to send reports to the Federal Tax Service will not work, and vice versa.

The process of signing a document electronically

The process of signing a document with a simple EDS does not require special knowledge. To do this, enter a password and confirm it.

Signing with a qualified signature has its own characteristics. Before signing the document, it is necessary to install the CryptoPro software or another cryptographic information converter and the EDS key verification certificate itself.

The installation algorithm is described step by step in the material "How to install an EDS certificate on a computer?" .

Next, you need to endorse the required document. Sighting algorithms vary depending on the type of file, type of editor or software. For example, to send reports to the Federal Tax Service or funds, the file is loaded into a special program, then the appropriate certificate is selected and the "Sign file" button is pressed.

Results

To give a document legal significance, an electronic digital signature is required - you now know how to make it yourself for free. The method of obtaining an EDS depends on the type of signature, the subscriber and the needs for which it is issued.

Good afternoon, dear readers! This article is dedicated to business owners, regardless of its size and organizational form and ordinary citizens of our country. It will be equally useful and interesting, both for simple individual entrepreneurs and for the owners of large enterprises. commercial enterprises. What do they have in common? The answer is simple - document flow and the need to interact with various government agencies! Therefore, let's talk about a tool that will greatly simplify the movement of documentation, both within the enterprise and beyond! Today we will consider in detail how to obtain an electronic signature (EDS)!

Let's start with the essence of the electronic signature and the mechanism of its functioning, then we will consider the scope and unconditional usefulness, after which we will discuss how to obtain it for individual entrepreneurs, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities, and also talk about the necessary documents. We have collected the most complete information on how to get an EDS! By the way, if necessary, with its help you can close the IP. The article describes how to do it!

What is an electronic digital signature: the simple essence of a complex concept!

Each document at the enterprise must be signed by an authorized person. The signature gives it legal force. Modern technologies converted documents to electronic format. Which turned out to be extremely convenient! Firstly, electronic documents have simplified and accelerated the exchange of data in the enterprise (especially with international cooperation). Secondly, the expense associated with their turnover has been reduced. Thirdly, there has been a significant increase in security commercial information. Despite the electronic format, each document must be signed, so the EDS was developed.

What is an electronic digital signature? This is an analogue of traditional painting in digital format, which is used to give legal effect to documents on electronic media. The word "analogue" should be understood as a sequence of cryptographic symbols generated randomly using special software. It is stored electronically. Usually flash drives are used.

There are two important concepts associated with ES: a certificate and a key. A certificate is a document that certifies that an electronic signature belongs to a specific person. It comes in normal and enhanced. The latter is issued only by some accredited certification centers or directly by the FSB.

The electronic signature key is the same sequence of characters. The keys are used in pairs. The first is the signature, and the second is the verification key that certifies its authenticity. For each new signed document, a new unique key is generated. It is important to understand that the information received on a flash drive in a certification center is not an ES, it is just a means for creating it.

An electronic signature has the same legal weight and effect as a paper document. Of course, if there were no violations during the application of this parameter. If a discrepancy or any deviation from the norm is detected, the document will not become valid. The use of EDS is regulated by the state with the help of two laws FZ-No. 1 and FZ-No. 63. They affect all areas of application of the signature: in civil law relations, in interaction with municipal and state bodies.

How did the idea of ​​using the EPC come about: let's remember the past!

In 1976, two American cryptographers Diffie and Hellman suggested that electronic digital signatures could be created. It was just a theory, but it resonated with the public. As a result, already in 1977, the RSA cryptographic algorithm was released, which made it possible to create the first electronic signatures. Compared to the present, they were very primitive, but it was at this moment that the foundation was laid for the future rapid development of the industry and the ubiquity of electronic document management.

The millennium brought significant changes. In the United States, a law was passed according to which a signature on paper was equal in legal force to an electronic one. Thus, a new rapidly growing segment of the market appeared, the volume of which, according to the forecasts of American analysts, by 2020 will amount to $30 billion.

In Russia, the first EPs began to be used only in 1994. The first law that regulated their application was adopted in 2002. However, it was distinguished by extreme vagueness of wording and ambiguity in the interpretation of terms. The law did not give an unambiguous answer to the question of how to obtain an electronic signature and use it.

In 2010, a large-scale project was developed to create a virtual environment for the provision of public services in electronic format, which in August of the same year was submitted for consideration to the President of the Russian Federation. One of key areas project is the possibility of using EDS. The regions were obliged to create conditions for free access of individuals and legal entities to the possibilities of electronic document management, so that everyone can get an ES. Since then, the “electronic state” has been actively developing in Russia.

In 2011, the President ordered the executive authorities to switch to electronic document management within the structures. By June of the same year, all officials were provided with EDS. The program was financed from the federal budget. In 2012, electronic document management began to work in all executive authorities of the Russian Federation without exception.

After these transformations, two questions were acute. First, EP was not universal. For each goal it was necessary to obtain new signature. Secondly, some crypto providers were not compatible with others, which put their clients in a difficult position. Therefore, since 2012, a global process of unification in the field of electronic document management has begun. Thanks to this, we have modern universal signatures and software.

EDS Signature: 5 Benefits and 6 Uses!

Many entrepreneurs do not yet apply in their economic activity EPC. In many ways, the reason for this is elementary ignorance of all its capabilities and advantages. Using an electronic format to sign documents, subjects entrepreneurial activity(IP, LE) receive the following benefits:

1. Documents are maximally protected from falsification.

Since the computer is very difficult to deceive. In this case, the human factor is completely excluded. After all, you can simply not notice that the signature under the document is different from the original. An electronic signature cannot be forged. This requires very large computing power, which is almost impossible to implement on modern level device development, and very time consuming.

1. Optimization, acceleration and simplification of workflow.

Complete exclusion of the possibility of data leakage or loss of important papers. Any copy certified with an electronic identifier is guaranteed to be received by the addressee in the sent form: no extraordinary circumstances can cause damage to it.

1. Reduction of costs due to refusal of paper carriers.

For small firms maintaining paper records was not burdensome, which is not the case for large enterprises. Many of them had to rent separate premises, warehouses for storing documents for 5 years. In addition to the cost of paper, printers, ink, stationery, another rent! In addition, depending on the field of activity, some companies could reduce costs by reducing the number of employees who were involved in documents: receiving, processing, etc. The need to recycle paper has also disappeared: for certain types organizations whose activities are related to confidential information, even this line of expenses turned out to be significant. The process of destroying documents under the EDS is a few clicks with a computer mouse.

1. The format of papers signed by ES fully complies with international requirements.
2. There is no need to obtain a separate signature to participate in bidding or submit reports to regulatory authorities.

You can get an ES, which will allow you to use it at all necessary sites.

Before proceeding to the consideration of the question of how to obtain an electronic signature, we list all possible options its use:

1. Internal document flow. It implies the transfer of commercial information, orders, instructions, etc. inside the company.
2. External document flow. We are talking about the exchange of documents between two organizations partners in the B2B system or between an enterprise and a B2C client.
3. Submission of reports to regulatory authorities:

• Federal Tax Service,
• Pension Fund,
• social insurance fund,
• customs service,
• Rosalkogolregulirovanie,
• Rosfinmonitoring and others.

1. To gain access to the "Client-Bank" system.
2. To participate in auctions and bidding.
3. For public services:

• Website of the State Service,
• RosPatent,
• Rosreestr.

How to get an electronic signature: step by step instructions!

Having appreciated all the advantages of using an electronic signature, you have decided to get it. And, of course, faced with a natural question: how to do it? We will answer this question with a detailed step-by-step guide that will help you quickly and easily get EDS signature!

There are 6 steps in total.

Step 1. Selecting the type of ES.

Step 2. Choosing a certification authority.

Step 3. Filling out the application.

Step 4. Payment of the invoice.

Step 5. Collecting a package of documents.

Step 6. Obtaining an EDS.

Now let's talk about each step in more detail!

Step 1. Choice of view: to each his own!

The first step to obtaining an electronic signature is choosing its type. According to federal laws distinguish the following types of EDS:

1. Simple. It encodes data about the owner of the signature, so that the recipient of the paper is convinced who the sender is. It does not protect against forgery.
2. Reinforced:

• unqualified - confirms not only the identity of the sender, but also the fact that no changes were made to the document after signing.
• qualified - the most secure signature, the legal force of which is 100% equivalent to that of an ordinary signature! It is issued only in those centers that are accredited by the FSB.

IN Lately more and more customers want to get an enhanced qualified signature, which is quite reasonable. Like any other “keys” that provide access to private information or financial transactions, fraudsters of various categories hunt for EDS. Analysts believe that over the next 10 years, the first two species will simply become obsolete. The choice depends on the use of the EDS. To make it easier to make a decision, we have compiled the data in a table, it will help you make a choice and stop at a specific necessary and sufficient form.

If you are going to get an EDS signature for the convenience of reporting, you will have to apply for a qualified one. If the goal is document flow at the enterprise, then it is enough to get a simple or unqualified signature.

Step 2. Certification Authority: TOP-7 largest and most reliable companies!

A certification authority is an organization whose purpose of functioning is to generate and issue electronic digital signatures. A CA is a legal entity whose charter specifies the relevant type of activity. Their functions include:

• issuance of EDS;
• providing a public key to everyone;
• blocking the electronic signature, in the event that there is a suspicion of its unreliability;
• confirmation of the authenticity of the signature;
• mediation in case of conflict situations;
• provision of all necessary software for clients;
• technical support.

Currently in the territory Russian Federation there are about a hundred such centers. But only seven are industry leaders:

1. EETP is the market leader in electronic trading in the Russian Federation. The company's activities are highly diversified, which does not prevent it from occupying leading positions in each segment. In addition to organizing and conducting auctions, he is engaged in the sale of property that is not selling well, teaches the features of participation in auctions, forms and sells EDS.
2. Electronic Express is the official operator of the electronic document management of the Federal Tax Service. It has a full set of licenses (including the FSB license).
3. Taxnet - develops software for electronic document management. Including is engaged in the creation and implementation of EDS.
4. Sertum-Pro Kontur - the company deals with certificates of electronic signatures. In addition, it offers many convenient additional services for their customers, which will significantly expand the possibilities of ES.
5. Taxcom - the company specializes in external and internal document management of companies and reporting to various regulatory authorities. For this, appropriate software is being developed and electronic signatures are being created. It is on the list of official data operators from cash registers.
6. Tenzor is a giant in the world of document management in telecommunications networks. It provides a full range of services: from the development of complexes for automating the workflow at enterprises to the creation and implementation of electronic signatures.
7. National certification center - develops and sells various EDS certificates, offers customers software for generating and submitting reports to all government agencies.

Choose a CA depending on your capabilities and location. It is important to check whether there is a point of issue of ready-made electronic signatures in your city. This is fairly easy to find out by visiting the official websites of the companies.

If for some reason you are not satisfied with the centers from our TOP-7 list, then you can use the services of other companies. Full list accredited CAs can be found on the website www.minsvyaz.ru in the "Important" section.

Step 3. How to get an electronic signature: fill out an application!

The choice is made, now you know exactly what you want, so it's time to apply to the certification center. This can be done in two ways: by visiting the company's office or by filling out an application on its website.

Sending an application remotely will save you from a personal visit. The application contains a minimum of information: full name, contact phone number and e-mail. Within an hour after sending, an employee of the CA will call you back and clarify the necessary data. In addition, he will answer all the questions that interest you and advise which type of EDS to choose for your case.

Step 4. Paying the bill: money in advance!

You will have to pay for the service before you receive it. That is, immediately after the application is accepted and the details are agreed with the client, an invoice will be issued in his name. The cost of an EDS varies depending on the company you applied to, the region of residence and the type of signature. It includes:

• generating a signature key certificate,
• software necessary for creating, signing and sending documents,
• customer technical support.

The minimum price is about 1500 rubles. The average is 5,000 - 7,000 rubles. The cost of one ES may be lower than 1,500 rubles, only if signatures are ordered for a large number employees of one company.

Step 5. Documents for obtaining an EDS: we form a package!

When forming a package of documents, it is essential which subject of civil law acts as a customer: an individual, a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur. Therefore, we will consider documents for obtaining an EDS separately for each category.

Individuals must provide:

• statement,
• passport plus copies
• individual taxpayer number,
• SNILS.
• Receipt of payment.

An authorized representative of the recipient of the electronic signature can submit documents to the CA. To do this, you need to issue a power of attorney.

To obtain an EDS, a legal entity will have to prepare:

1. Statement.
2. Two certificates of state registration: with OGRN and TIN.
3. Extract from the register of legal entities. Important! The extract must be "fresh". Each certification authority has its own requirements for this.
4. Passport plus a copy of the person who will use the ES.
5. SNILS of the employee who will use the EDS.
6. If the signature is issued for the director, then you need to attach an order of appointment.
7. For employees who are lower in the hierarchical ladder of the company, you will have to issue a power of attorney for the right to use the EPC.
8. Receipt of payment.

Documents for obtaining an EDS by individual entrepreneurs:

1. Statement.
2. Registration certificate with OGRNIP number.
3. Certificate with TIN.
4. Extract from the register of entrepreneurs, issued no earlier than 6 months ago, or a copy certified by a notary.
5. Passport.
6. SNILS.
7. Receipt of payment.

Confidant individual entrepreneur can pick up an electronic digital signature in the presence of a power of attorney and a passport. When applying to electronic version, documents are sent to the CA by mail, and in case of a personal visit, they are submitted simultaneously with the application.

Step 6. Getting a digital signature: the finish line!

Documents can be obtained at numerous points of issue, which are located throughout the country. Information about them can be found on the official website of the UC. Usually, the term for obtaining a signature does not exceed two to three days.

Delay is possible only on the part of the customer who did not pay for the services of the certification center in time or did not collect all Required documents. Please note that you need to get an extract from the unified state register Individual entrepreneur or legal entity, as this process takes 5 working days! Some CAs provide the service of urgent issuance of EDS. Then the whole procedure takes about one hour. Now you know how to get an electronic signature.

Important! The EP is valid for one year from the date of its receipt. After this period, it will need to be renewed or a new one obtained.

Do-it-yourself digital signature: the impossible is possible!

In fact, creating an electronic signature on your own is quite realistic. If you have the appropriate education, you can thoroughly understand what an electronic digital signature is and stock up with invincible enthusiasm. True, we should not forget that we will not only have to generate a cryptographic sequence, we also need to develop and write the appropriate software. A natural question arises: why do this? Moreover, the market is replete with ready-made solutions! For large companies it is also not profitable to “mess around” with the independent development of an electronic signature, since you will have to hire a staff of new employees in the IT department. And in the article