Social adaptation the process and result of adaptation of an individual, layer, group to a changed social environment. Social adaptation has two forms: active, when an individual strives to influence the social environment in order to change it, and passive, when he does not strive to influence it.

Administration – the activities of executive authorities, officials, management personnel of any enterprise, institution in the implementation of management functions, management, as well as formal management only through orders.

Aggressiveness – a person’s behavioral reaction to significant contradictions and irritating factors, expressed in a tendency towards hostile behavior that is aimed at causing harm (physical, moral, mental) to other individuals. Various researchers see the sources of the tendency to aggressiveness in both instincts and social factors.

Social activity – a general integrative characteristic of the subject’s internal capabilities in carrying out activities aimed at maintaining and developing social integrity. It can be industrial, socio-political, cultural-cognitive, family, everyday, leisure. Each of them can be divided into narrower types. Highest form social activity - social creativity, including entrepreneurship, innovation, efficiency, initiative.

Alimony – maintenance provided to minors and disabled persons in need, citizens obligated to do so by law. If you refuse to pay voluntarily, alimony may be collected through the court.

Altruism – dedication, conscious and voluntary service to people, the desire to help others, to contribute to their happiness based on the motive of love, devotion, fidelity, mutual assistance. The ability to altruism is a necessary quality for a social work specialist.

Poverty - a condition that prevents a person or socio-demographic group from meeting their basic needs. As a rule, it is the result of a discrepancy between necessary expenses and income that provides a living wage. Poor or low-income people are people whose monthly income per family member is less than the minimum consumer basket (minimum consumer budget) or equal to the minimum wage.

Refugee – a person who left his place of permanent residence as a result of hostilities, persecution or other emergency circumstances.

Unemployed – an able-bodied citizen who does not have a job or income, registered with the employment service in order to find a suitable job and is ready to start it.

Charity - free material assistance to the poor, based on charity and the desire to do good to others. Can be provided by individuals, organizations and the state.

Vagrancy- a social phenomenon characterized by the wandering of persons without a fixed place of residence for a long time throughout the country or within a populated area or city.

Social interaction – a process of communication, as a result of which a common understanding of the social situation is developed between its subjects and a certain degree of solidarity is achieved.

Volunteering- voluntary fulfillment of duties to provide free social assistance, services, voluntary patronage of the disabled, sick and elderly, as well as persons and social groups who find themselves in difficult situations life situation.

Age structure of the population- the ratio of the numbers of different age groups of the population, which creates the basis for a variety of calculations of both a demographic, social and economic nature. Depends on the level of birth and death rates, life expectancy of people.

Social guarantees – material and spiritual means, legal acts that ensure the implementation of human rights in modern society and a separate country. Social guarantees apply primarily to a person’s right to life, personal safety, to property and its protection by law, to free thought, freedom of conscience, etc.

Social gerontology – a field of knowledge that studies the characteristics of older people as a certain socio-demographic stratum, namely: lifestyle, methods of social adaptation of older people to new conditions, especially during retirement, changes in social status, financial and marital status, intergenerational relations.

Humanism – a historically changing system of views based on the recognition of the value of man as an individual, his right to freedom, happiness, development and manifestation of his abilities. The good of man is considered a criterion for evaluating social institutions, and the principles of equality, justice, and humanity are the norm of relations between people.

Social risk group- a group uniting that are subject to dangerous negative influences and pose a threat to the life of society. Traditional risk groups are alcoholics, drug addicts, prostitutes, homeless people, whose lifestyle can be characterized as a manifestation of a disease in society.

Deviance- certain ways of behavior, thinking, and action of a person that do not correspond to the norms and values ​​established in a given society (for example, crime, prostitution, suicide, drug addiction, etc.). However, deviance can also be expressed in milder inconsistencies with social norms, namely in the form of extremely individual thinking and behavior. It is assumed that deviation is positive if it manifests itself in various forms of individual and collective creativity.

Social deprivation – a feeling or awareness by an individual or group of a reduction or deprivation of opportunities to satisfy basic life needs.

Children-- a socio-demographic group of the population under the age of 18 with specific needs and interests, social and psychological characteristics.

Discrimination- restriction of rights, deprivation of equality of individuals or certain categories of the country's population on the basis of nationality, social origin, political and religious views, gender, age and other characteristics.

Employment- the degree of participation of the able-bodied population in social labor, the activities of citizens related to the satisfaction of personal and social needs, which do not contradict the legislation of the Republic of Belarus and, as a rule, bring them income.

Healthy lifestyle- a way of life that involves observing a work and rest schedule, a balanced diet, giving up bad habits, observing hygienic requirements, implementing preventive measures, modern access to doctors in case of illness, etc.

Health - This is complete physical, spiritual and social well-being, and not just the absence of any diseases or physical disabilities.

Knowledge - the result of knowledge of reality, tested by practice and satisfied with logic, its reflection in the human mind in the form of ideas, concepts, judgments, theories; a set of human ideas in which the theoretical mastery of a particular subject of reality is expressed.

Immigration- entry into the country for temporary or permanent residence of citizens of another state (for political, religious and other reasons).

Disabled person - a person who has partially or completely lost the ability to work due to health problems, illness, injury or congenital developmental defect.

Disability- a state of a person when he cannot independently provide (in whole or in part) the needs of a normal personal or social life due to a deficiency (congenital or acquired) of his physical or mental abilities.

Social counseling a special form of providing social assistance through psychological influence on a person or a small group in order to socialize them, restore and optimize them social functions, guidelines, development of social norms of communication. The following areas of social counseling are distinguished: medical-social, psychological, socio-pedagogical, socio-legal, social-managerial, etc.

Confidentiality- trust, inadmissibility of disclosing secret information; ethical principle according to which a social worker has no right to disclose information about a client without the latter’s consent.

Communicative professional profile of a social worker - a number of characteristics that make up the professional portrait of a specialist from the point of view of his mastery of communication techniques, which is one of the main indicators of professional suitability.

Communication technique of a social worker - a method of interpersonal communication used to achieve social community while maintaining the individual qualities of each of its elements.

Social control a system of ways that society and social groups influence an individual in order to regulate his behavior and bring it into conformity with generally accepted norms in a given community. There is a distinction between external and internal social conflict (self-control).

Personality-1) a stable system of socially significant traits that characterize an individual as a member of society, community, group; 2) the individual bearer of these traits as a free and responsible subject of conscious volitional activity. A sociological analysis of a personality involves identifying in it the socially typical characterological and moral qualities, knowledge and skills, value orientations and social attitudes, and the predominant motives of activity necessary for the performance of social functions. In personality, as in a person, it is necessary to see (especially in the process of social work) three components: social, psychological and physiological (biological).

Benefit- providing any benefits, partial exemption from fulfilling established general rules, responsibilities, etc.

Marginal- a person who is in an intermediate, borderline position between any social groups (or cultures), who has lost his previous social connections and has not adapted to new living conditions.

Marginality- characterization of social phenomena that arise as a result of considering normative value systems under the influence of intercultural contacts, social or technological changes and other factors.

Patronage– voluntary donations from wealthy people and organizations for the development and support of art and its prominent representatives (actors, poets, artists, etc.).

Migrants- persons who left their places of permanent residence for permanent or temporary resettlement to other regions of the country or beyond its borders. The reasons for the spread of such a phenomenon as refugees in the country are wars, interethnic conflicts, environmental and man-made disasters, and natural disasters.

Mercy– a moral characteristic that presupposes the presence in a person’s character of such qualities as responsiveness, compassion and the need to provide free help to those in need.

Alms- alms in the form of money or food.

Addiction- a disease characterized by an irresistible craving for drugs that in small doses causes euphoria, in large doses - stunning, drug-induced sleep and leading to severe impairment of physical and mental functions.

Disability- a certain health condition caused by a disease or injury in which the employee is unable to perform his work functions or is not capable of work.

Violence – the use of brute physical force of one subject over another or moral pressure on him. The following types of violence are distinguished: physical, emotional (mental, psychological), sexual and neglectful attitude.

Social norms -- means of social regulation of the behavior of an individual and groups, based on socially accepted ideas about what is proper or what is not.

Public charity– an organized system of assistance in the 19th century. from government institutions or society to the needy population. The system of public charity is represented by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, zemstvo and city institutions, institutions of the Empress Maria, the Imperial Humane Society, trustees for the poor of various departments, and private charitable societies.

Loneliness- a socio-psychological condition characterized by a lack or absence of social contacts.

Guardianship- 1) a form of protection of personal and property rights and interests of incompetent (mentally ill, minor) citizens who have lost the care of relatives and friends. Guardianship is established by court. 2) – care, care, care.

Patronage-view social services, mainly at home, for individual clients and risk groups, which consists of constant social supervision, regular visits to their homes by social (and other) workers, providing them with the necessary economic, material, household, medical and preventive assistance.

Pauperism - poverty as a result of increasing exploitation, mass unemployment and inflation; mass impoverishment.

Penitentiary institutions- correctional labor institutions where people who have committed an offense or crime serve their sentences.

Social policy- activities of the state and its institutions, local governments, institutions of all forms of ownership, public and religious organizations, citizens for the development and management of the social sphere of society. The purpose of social policy is to create conditions for meeting the social needs and interests of people, support, protection, correction and rehabilitation of individual citizens and social groups.

Guardianship- one of the social and legal forms of protection of personal and property rights and interests of citizens. It is established over minors aged 14 to 18 years in the absence of parents, over adult citizens who, for health reasons, cannot protect their interests and rights themselves, over persons limited by the court in their legal capacity due to the abuse of alcoholic beverages or narcotic substances.

Consumer basket- a minimum set of food products, non-food products and services necessary to maintain human health and ensure his life.

Need--- a state of lack of something necessary to maintain the life of an organism, a human person, a social group, or society as a whole; stimulator of activity.

Rights- the possibility of free choice of action and behavior within the framework of the law. Rights are divided into human rights (they belong to him by birth and are natural and inalienable) and citizen rights (related to the fact of citizenship, a person’s belonging to a particular state, political community), and are inextricably linked with responsibility.

Charity – a concept that appears in the seventeenth century. and has the following semantic meanings: vision; favorable attention; attitude, patronage; supervision, care, care; convenience. In active professional vocabulary of the 19th century it is used in the form of the phrase “public charity”.

Primacy – the oldest civil custom among the eastern and southern Slavs (existed until the 19th century). It was expressed in the admission into the family circle of persons who do not have the opportunity to independently resolve issues of their life support. These included children who were left without parental care for various reasons, old people who had no relatives, working people who did not have land.

Shelter - a social institution that provides education and upbringing to orphans and street children, providing accommodation and care for the elderly and disabled.

Profession- the type of work activity (or occupation) of a person who has the necessary special theoretical knowledge and practical skills for this.

Rehabilitation- 1) restoration of a good name, former reputation; restoration of previous rights, including administrative and judicial procedure; 2) application to defendants (primarily minors) of educational measures or penalties not related to imprisonment in order to correct them; 3) a set of medical, legal and other measures aimed at restoring or compensating for impaired body functions and the ability to work of sick and disabled people. Rehabilitation is one of the most important areas in social work.

Social rehabilitation restoration of the basic social functions of an individual, a public institution, a social group, their social role as subjects of the main spheres of society. Social rehabilitation in terms of content essentially includes all aspects of rehabilitation in a concentrated form.

Redistribution – transfer of part of the surplus product produced by the community members to the disposal of the leaders for various public needs.

Reciprocation - mutual assistance, mutual exchange of gifts and services.

Suicide (suicide) – deliberate taking of one's life, one of the forms of deviant behavior. There are completed (true) suicides, suicide attempts and suicidal intentions.

Family -social institution, characterized by certain social norms, sanctions, patterns of behavior, rights and responsibilities that regulate relations between spouses, parents and children and develops on the basis of marriage.

Orphanhood – a social phenomenon caused by the presence in society of children whose parents have died, as well as children left without parental care due to deprivation

Their parental rights, recognition in in the prescribed manner parents are incompetent, missing, etc. This also includes children whose parents are not deprived of parental rights, but do not actually provide any care for their children.

Socialization- the process of including a person in social practice, acquiring social qualities, assimilation of social experience and realization of one’s own essence through the fulfillment of certain roles in practical activities.

Social protection of the population- a purposeful, regulated system at all levels of society of practically implemented social, political, economic, legal, psychological, pedagogical, medical, environmental and spiritual measures that ensure normal conditions and resources for the physical, mental, spiritual and moral functioning of the population, preventing infringement of their rights and freedoms. In a narrow sense, it is activities aimed at protecting certain categories of the population who find themselves in a particularly difficult life situation.

Social support– a system of measures to provide assistance to certain categories of citizens who temporarily find themselves in a difficult economic situation (partially or completely unemployed, students, etc.), by providing them necessary information, financial resources, loans, training, human rights protection and the introduction of other benefits.

Social help- a system of social measures in the form of assistance, support and services provided to individuals or groups of the population by social services to overcome or mitigate life difficulties and maintain them social status and full life activity, adaptation in society.

Social work as a type of activity-view professional activity, aimed at satisfying socially guaranteed and personal interests and needs of various groups of the population, at creating conditions that contribute to the restoration or improvement of people’s ability to function socially.

Social work as a science--- a type of activity whose function is to develop and theoretically systematize knowledge about the social sphere.

Social sphere- the area of ​​life of human society in which the social policy of the state is implemented through the distribution of material and spiritual benefits, ensuring the progress of all aspects of social life, and improving the situation of working people. The social sphere covers a system of social, socio-economic, national relations, connections between society and the individual. It also includes the totality of social factors in the life of public, social and other groups and individuals, and the conditions for their development.

Social Security - state system of assistance, support and services for elderly and disabled citizens, as well as families with children.

Social services- 1) a set of measures to provide social assistance to citizens in need, which contributes to the preservation of social health and maintenance of life, overcoming crisis situations, developing self-sufficiency and mutual assistance. 2) activities of legal and individuals for the provision of social support, provision of household, medical, psychological and pedagogical, legal services and providing material assistance, creating conditions for social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens and families in difficult life situations.

Social services- a set of state and non-state government bodies, structures and specialized institutions that carry out social work to serve the population, providing social assistance and services to the population in order to overcome or mitigate a difficult situation.

Social teacher- specialist in the field of socio-pedagogical activities and social education.

Social worker - a person who, due to his official and professional responsibilities, provides all types of social assistance in overcoming problems encountered by an individual, family or group.

Social work specialist- social service worker with high general cultural, intellectual and moral potential, vocational training and the necessary personal qualities to effectively perform professional roles.

Supervision – management and consulting method aimed at ensuring efficiency and quality professional work. It occurs primarily where specialists come into professional contact with various groups and categories of people. Social services- assistance in meeting vital needs and creating necessary conditions for a person’s life if he is unable to do this on his own. The following types of social services are distinguished: material and in-kind assistance, consulting and information services, social and domestic services, socio-psychological services, socio-pedagogical services, socio-medical, social rehabilitation, intermediary services.

Social supervision – form of control by government agencies and public associations respect for law and order in the country, as well as suppression of violations of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests citizens.

Skill - mastering ways (techniques, actions) of applying acquired knowledge in practice.

Social service institutions- organizations, enterprises, services, centers of various forms of ownership that provide social services. They are organizational form social work, have a complex structure, a multifunctional system that reflects the specifics and directions of activities to provide and promote the necessary social assistance, support and protection of the livelihoods of the population, certain groups of people who are facing and having complex life problems.

Hospice - Help service for hopelessly, terminally ill, dying people. It is created to solve the patient’s problems: medical, psychological, social.

Professional ethics - a system of specific moral requirements and norms of behavior outlined in the code of a given specialist.

ABSOLUTE POVERTY - a person’s lack of means that society considers necessary to maintain the minimum acceptable standard of living.

ANOMY - distortions in the value-normative system.

BASIC KNOWLEDGE - in social work - knowledge extracted from research, theoretical judgments, systematically studied relevant phenomena, and the experience of practicing social workers.

VALID CONSTRUCTION - in social research - a set of methods that evaluate reality using relevant tools.

VERBAL COMMUNICATION - communicating information through human speech.

MUTUAL AID - mutual assistance, in a narrower economic sense - a form of exchange that originated in the primitive community with the advent of distribution of labor and personal property.

IMPACT ON THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT - a set of measures aimed at improving the social microenvironment.

HYPOTHESIS is an assumption expressed in the form of scientific concepts, which should fill the gaps of empirical knowledge or connect various empirical knowledge into a single whole, as well as provide a preliminary explanation of a fact or group of facts.

CASH BENEFITS - funds paid to the client by social services or other organizations.

DIAGNOSIS - in social work - the process of understanding a specific problem, its roots and possible ways to help.

DISCOURSE - logical reasoning as opposed to intuitive conclusion.

HEALTHY LIFESTYLE - a lifestyle that combines everything that helps an individual perform certain social and everyday functions in the most optimal conditions for the body; includes rationally organized, physiologically optimal work, moral and hygienic education, compliance with the rules and requirements of rational nutrition, mental hygiene and personal hygiene, active motor mode and systematic physical education, thoughtful organization of leisure, giving up bad habits, etc.

KNOWLEDGE is a practice-tested result of knowledge of reality, its correct reflection in human thinking.

DISABLED - a person who has a health impairment with a persistent disorder of body functions, caused by a disease, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a limitation of life activity and necessitating the need for social protection.

INDIVIDUALIZED SOCIAL SERVICE is a type of social service and a system of corresponding structures of local authorities, the activities of which are aimed at a specific person by providing targeted material, psychological and social support.

RESEARCH - standardized procedures aimed at the search for knowledge.

CLIENT (in social work literature the term “service user” is often used) is a person who, either in his own eyes or from the point of view of other people, finds himself in a problematic situation and cannot cope with it.

COGNITIVE THERAPY - helping the client to change their cognitive processes, thereby making it possible to cope with emotional and behavioral problems.

COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTION is the process of exchange of communicative actions between subjects.

COMMUNICATION is the act of communication between two or more individuals based on their interaction.

CONGRUENCE - The degree of correspondence between message (what you express), experience (what happens in your field) and awareness (what you notice).

CONSTRUCTION is a complex of abstract concepts and empirical references.

CONTRACT - A working agreement between parties regarding a joint effort to bring about change.

CONCEPT - an abstraction, a general idea, a symbol that represents a class of certain events and phenomena, for example: ego, stress, social type, social functioning.

LIBIDO - originally meant the specific sexual energy underlying all sexual manifestations, which theoretically can be measured, but at the moment it is immeasurable.

A PERSON WITHOUT A DEFINITE PLACE OF RESIDENCE is a person who does not have a permanent home and does not lead a sedentary lifestyle.

BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION - helping individuals to obtain patterns of behavior that enable them to function successfully in the environment.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH - specific procedures that include a number of necessary subsequent actions, such as formulating a hypothesis, experimenting, and verifying the data obtained.

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION - transmission of information through signs of optical-kinesthetic, paralinguistic and extralinguistic systems, organization of space and time of the communicative process through visual contact.

NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION - an agency whose activities are exclusively charitable in nature and are not aimed at making a profit.

INCONGRUENCE - the degree of discrepancy between message, experience, awareness.

DIRECT ASSISTANCE is the activity of a social worker in the interests of the client, when the goals of the work are determined as a result of direct contact with the client.

PENSION - cash provision received by citizens from public consumption funds. Old age, loss of ability to work, length of service, loss of a breadwinner - all these factors are the basis for calculating a pension.

COMMUNITY HELP - a system of social services to provide support to clients in a specific area.

PRACTICAL THEORIES - in social work - eclectic constructs, including system theories and explanatory models, principles used in helping practice and serving to understand individuals, their problems, and life situations.

PRINCIPLE - fundamental theoretical knowledge that is neither provable nor requiring proof.

ACCEPTANCE - a relationship established by a social worker, expressed in sympathy for the client, in maintaining constant care and sympathy.

PROBLEM - a situation in which an individual is unable to independently realize his needs, which complicates his social functioning.

PROBLEM-ORIENTED APPROACH IN SOCIAL WORK - assisting the client in understanding their problems and implementing actions to solve them.

PROFESSIONALIZATION - formation of a professional position, integration of personal and professional important qualities and skills in relatively stable professionally significant education, qualified performance of professional activities.

PROFESSIONALISM - a high, stable level of knowledge, skills and abilities, allowing to achieve the greatest efficiency in professional activities.

PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION - entry into a profession, mastering a new social role, professional self-determination, formation of personal and professional qualities, experience in independently performing professional activities in the field of social work.

PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATION - negative changes in the personality of a social worker as consequences of temporary mental states of fatigue and tension, leading to crises and errors in professional activity.

PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE is a characteristic of a social work specialist, the degree of his compliance with the requirements of the profession.

PROFESSIONAL TRAINING - formation professional orientation and systems professional knowledge, abilities and skills, gaining experience in theoretical and practical solutions to professional situations and problems in social work.

PROFESSIONAL ROLE - a social role determined by the individual’s place in the system of objective social relations, as well as the totality of the functions he performs.

PROCESS - organized, consistent activity of a social worker aimed at developing the client’s abilities to independently solve his problems.

WORK IN SMALL SOCIAL GROUPS a range of methods used to improve the quality of life of the population in a given territory.

WORKING WITH AN INDIVIDUAL CASE is one of the main methods of social work, aimed at solving the problems of a specific person.

WORK WITH A GROUP is a method of social work when people with common interests or problems, with the participation of a social worker, regularly meet to carry out activities aimed at achieving common goals.

REDISTRIBUTION - the transfer of part of the surplus product produced by the community members to the disposal of the leaders for various public needs.

RECIPROATION - mutual assistance, mutual exchange of gifts and services.

SELF-ACTUALIZATION (according to A. Maslow) is the most complete disclosure of abilities and realization of a person’s potential.

SELF-DETERMINATION - the client’s right to make decisions independently.

SEXISM - institutional and individual orientations and attitudes based on gender, leading to discrimination of the subject.

FAMILY THERAPY is a set of approaches and methods of helping a family resolve problems that arise in relationships between its members.

“EMOTIONAL BURNING” SYNDROME: maladjustment to the workplace due to excessive professional workload and inadequate interpersonal relationships when providing professional help.

SOCIAL ADAPTATION - adaptation of citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation to their living environment.

SOCIAL PROTECTION - a system of principles, rules, methods legally established by the state social guarantees, activities and institutions that ensure their implementation to provide optimal living conditions, meet needs, maintain life support and active existence of the individual, various social categories and groups; a set of measures, actions, means of the state and society aimed against situations of risk in the normal life of citizens (illness, unemployment, old age, death of the breadwinner, disability, etc.); complex government measures socio-economic and legal nature to ensure a state-guaranteed minimum level of material support for socially vulnerable segments of the population during the period of economic transformation and the associated decline in living standards.

SOCIAL PEDAGOGY - the science and practice of creating a system of measures to optimize the education of the individual, taking into account the specific conditions of the social environment.

SOCIAL SUPPORT - provision of cash benefits, loans, information, training (retraining) opportunities and other benefits to certain groups of the working population who temporarily find themselves in a difficult life situation.

SOCIAL ASSISTANCE - temporary measures of targeted individual support in a crisis situation (services, benefits), which are carried out within the framework of the general policy of income control (needs allowance, etc.), as well as in special situations (forced migrants, liquidation of the consequences of natural and man-made disasters) disasters, etc.).

SOCIAL WORK - professions in the field of social work that ensure social change, help resolve problems in relationships between people, increase the social well-being of people, giving them certain powers and freedom. By putting into practice theories of behavior and social systems, social work carried out in the area where people interact with the factors around them. In social work, the fundamental principles are the principles of human rights and social justice (defined by the International Federation of Social Workers in July 2000 in Montreal, Canada).

SOCIAL REHABILITATION - a set of measures aimed at restoring destroyed or lost social connections and relationships by an individual due to health problems with persistent impairment of body functions (disability), changes in social status (senior citizens, refugees and internally displaced persons, unemployed, etc.), deviant personality behavior.

SOCIAL SERVICE - a system of state and non-state structures that carry out social work and include special institutions for the provision of social services and governing bodies.

SOCIAL SPHERE is a special area of ​​public life, existing along with the economic, political, spiritual and interacting with them. Relationships in society between social groups, classes, professional and socio-demographic strata of the population, as well as national communities regarding the social conditions of their life.

SOCIAL THERAPY - interaction between a social worker and a client with the goal of providing the latter with specific services to organize support from others, help in solving social conflicts and problems.

SOCIAL SECURITY - a system of socio-economic measures for the material support of the disabled, for comprehensive provision of childhood and parenthood, includes social pensions (for disability, for long service, in case of loss of a breadwinner, etc.), benefits (for pregnancy and childbirth, for citizens with children, etc.), compensation payments (for non-working able-bodied persons caring for disabled citizens, etc.), scholarships, etc.

SOCIAL SERVICE - the activities of social services and individual specialists in social support, provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services, implementation of social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations

SOCIAL INSURANCE - a system of material support for workers in the event of disability, illness, age, etc., provides guarantees for social and professional risks of various types. Essential Source social insurance - mandatory withholding of insurance contributions from wages, supplemented by employer contributions.

SOCIO-CULTURAL ACTIVITY a system of measures to create opportunities and conditions for the comprehensive, comprehensive cultural development of the entire population and its low-income strata, in which the activities of social individuals are aimed at mastering nature and developing the social life process through conscious, coordinated actions in order to reveal human life opportunities .

SOCIAL-EDUCATIONAL MODULE AT SCHOOL - a direction of school social work aimed at providing assistance to children and adolescents who have learning difficulties due to deficiencies in the development of intelligence, emotional-volitional sphere, incorrect behavior, inability to establish communication, inability to communicate.

SOCIAL SERVICES - organizations whose activities are aimed at supporting human development and ensuring his well-being.

SOCIAL SERVICES - actions to provide assistance to a social service client in accordance with the types of social services.

SOCIAL DIAGNOSIS - an expert assessment that involves collecting data about the client and his living conditions, as well as analyzing information to develop a plan of assistance.

SOCIAL SHELTER - a social assistance institution where a person in a difficult life situation can stay around the clock, is provided with food and the necessary assistance.

SOCIAL WORKER - a social service worker who provides advisory, rehabilitation, pedagogical and social services to clients.

SOCIAL WORKER IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION - a specialist who helps a child cope with social and psychological problems in the process of socialization.

INPATIENT CARE - a special system of assistance and care for people placed in special institutions.

THEORY is a system of basic ideas in a particular branch of knowledge.

TERRITORIAL SOCIAL SERVICE - a set of governing bodies and specialized institutions providing direct social services to various groups and categories of the population on the territory of various administrative units Russian Federation.

TYPOLOGY - in social work - a system designed to classify, systematize, organize phenomena and practice experience into holistic relevant structures, for example: typology individual work, typology of interventions, typology of diagnostics, etc.

DIFFICULT LIFE SITUATION - a situation that is subjectively perceived by a person as difficult for him personally or is objectively disruptive to his normal life (disability, orphanhood, unemployment, etc.).

A FACT is an event made, accomplished, the reality in front of us, something that is recognized as really existing.

FUNDRAISING is the activity of raising funds or finding a sponsor to finance a specific project.

SOCIAL SERVICE CENTER is an institution for social protection of the population that carries out organizational and practical activities to provide various types of social assistance to elderly citizens, disabled people and other groups of the population in need of social support.

POVERTY LINE - means that society considers necessary to ensure the minimum acceptable standard of living of the population at a given moment.

SCHOOL SOCIAL SERVICE is a school division designed to organize active cooperation of school administration, teachers, students and parents, external social structures to provide real qualified, timely and comprehensive assistance to children and teachers in order to protect their personal rights and prevent their violations.

EMPATHY is a special way of understanding the feelings of another person, which consists in empathizing with his emotional state, in penetrating into his experiences.

ETHNOCENTRISM is a system of views according to which the values, culture, lifestyle, traditions of one ethnic group are the main criterion for the perception and evaluation of other ethnic communities.

EFFECTIVE LISTENING is a way to optimize interpersonal communication, a process of active interaction with a partner.

SOCIAL ADAPTATION is the process and result of the active adaptation of an individual, layer, group to the conditions of a new social environment, to changing or already changed social conditions of life. You. There are two forms: a) active, when the subject seeks to influence the environment in order to change it (for example, changing the form, values, forms of interaction and activity that he must master); b) passive, when the subject does not strive for such influence and change. Indicators of successful A.s. are the high social status of an individual (stratum, group) in a given environment, his psychological satisfaction with this environment as a whole and its most important elements (in particular, satisfaction with work and its conditions, its content, remuneration, organization). Indicators of low A.s. are: movement of the subject to another social environment (staff turnover, migration, divorce), anomie and deviant behavior. Success of A.s. depends on the characteristics of the environment and the subject.

ADMINISTRATION - management bodies that, on the basis of the rights granted to them, carry out executive and administrative functions to maintain a certain order, organize activities at enterprises and institutions, within certain regions, territorial entities and other communities. The governing bodies also have social services at all levels. They are called upon to manage social work within their competence.

SOCIAL ACTIVITY - conscious, purposeful activity of a person, a social group, a community, focused on transforming objective social conditions, forming the social qualities of an individual (group). A.s. - a characteristic of activity that reflects the degree of realization and development of people’s social capabilities (abilities, knowledge, skills, aspirations, goals, objectives). Main areas of A.S. - social, political and labor activities. Mechanisms of stimulation of A.s. in modern conditions are the use of various forms of direct democracy, openness, expansion of the rights of labor collectives, and entrepreneurship. A.s. finds, in particular, its expression in the emergence of new social movements and organizations, in charitable activities, etc.

ALIMONY - funds that, in cases established by law, some family members are obliged to pay for the maintenance of others. Family law establishes the circle of persons entitled to A., who are obliged to pay them, the amount and timing of payment of A. If a voluntary payment is refused, A. can be recovered through the court.

ALCOHOLISM is a pathological attraction to alcohol, accompanied by social and moral degradation of the individual. Alcohol addiction develops gradually and is determined by complex changes occurring in the body of the drinker. The attraction to alcohol manifests itself in human behavior in the form of increased fussiness in preparation for drinking, rubbing of hands, and emotional elation.

The main reasons influencing the formation of A. are hereditary factors, character, individual properties of a person and the characteristics of the environment in which he lives and works. Alcoholism is also promoted by a low level of financial status and education, the custom of treating each other, early introduction to alcohol (in adolescence), the desire to overcome shyness, etc.

There are three stages of the alcoholization process. At the first stage, dependence on alcohol is already clearly evident: the patient will not miss an opportunity to drink. At the second stage, the attraction to alcohol acquires the features of physiological dependence, when the body requires more and more alcohol. The third stage is characterized by extreme depletion of the body’s compensatory capabilities, which is expressed in a sharp decrease in tolerance: patients become tipsy even from small doses of alcohol.

Treatment of A. requires a radical restructuring of the personality, the formation of a firm sober attitude. Psychologists, doctors, and social workers can help the patient with this; psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, autogenic training, sensitization, occupational therapy, alcohol propaganda, etc. are used. However, the success of treatment depends on the patient himself.

ALTRUISM - dedication, conscious and voluntary service to people, the desire to help others, to contribute to their happiness based on the motive of love, devotion, fidelity, mutual assistance, sympathy, compassion. The term was introduced by O. Comte as the opposite in meaning to egoism. It is one of the principles in social work. Testing for aptitude for A. is an important requirement for admission to educational establishments and hiring.

AMORALISM:

1) a socio-historical phenomenon, expressed in the denial of generally accepted norms of morality in people’s behavior;

2) the principle of practical or ideological orientation, which substantiates the legitimacy of a nihilistic attitude towards universal moral norms in human behavior, as well as in policies pursued by certain groups of people or political parties;

3) characterization of the totality of negative qualities of a person, his actions and lifestyle (meanness, dishonor, unprincipledness, betrayal, dishonesty, lies, deception, etc.).

ANOMY is a term meaning various types of violations in the value-normative system of society; This is a state of society in which a significant part of it, knowing about the existence of norms that bind them, treats them negatively or indifferently. The concept of A. was introduced by the French sociologist E. Durkheim. Then it was developed by the American sociologist R. Merton, who considers A. as the basis of deviant behavior, a state of consciousness that is caused by the impossibility of achieving individual goals “by legal means.” Currently used in the study of crisis phenomena, transitional social conditions, in the sociology of law and morality, in the field of social work - in the study and solution of problems of deviant behavior.

APARTHEID is the most extreme form of racial discrimination. It means the deprivation and significant limitation of the political, socio-economic and civil rights of any group of the population, up to its territorial isolation into so-called reservations (reserves). A. includes some acts of genocide. Modern international law considers A. a crime against humanity. In 1973, the UN adopted the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of A.

ASCETISM is an extreme form of abstinence from sensual pleasures, conscious suppression of natural desires and needs, complete disregard for material goods and the joys of earthly life. How moral principle opposes hedonism, which elevates pleasure to the highest good and purpose of life. There are two main types of antipathy—religious and moral—which take specific forms and motivations in different historical eras. Religious A. manifests itself most often in the form of hermitage, solitude, various kinds of self-torture, fasting, celibacy, etc. Moral, so-called worldly A. acquired, in particular, the form of protest against property inequality, luxury and idleness of the ruling classes. The scientific solution to the problem lies in overcoming the extremes of both A. and hedonism, in realizing the entire richness of human essence, achieving the joy of being and the fullness of the feeling of life.

ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS - associations of specialists in the field of social work. There are several in Russia

A.s.r.: Interregional Association of Social Service Workers (established in 1991); Association of Social Workers (established in 1992); Association of Social Educators and Social Workers (established in 1990); Association of University Teams and Schools of Social Work (established in 1993). They take part in the activities of the International Federation of Social Workers and other international organizations, and cooperate with national associations of various countries.

POVERTY is an indicator of the income of a family (or individual living separately) in accordance with the number of its members, the age of its head and the number of children under 18 years of age and corresponds to the minimum level of consumption.

B. is defined as the presence of shortcomings in something, as the scarcity of funds and income designed to satisfy the material and other needs of people.

Poor or low-income people are people whose monthly income per family member is less than the minimum consumer basket (minimum consumer budget) or equal to the minimum wage.

In the 1990s. In Russia, the systemic crisis predetermined the need to use the indicators of the minimum wage, rather than the subsistence level, in solving problems of social protection of the population.

The level of B. in society is used to establish the size of the minimum wage, pensions, benefits, scholarships, estimates of costs for maintaining citizens in homes for the elderly, disabled people, children in orphanages and children's homes, patients in hospitals, convicted in correctional institutions labor institutions. Since the cost of living in our country is now one of the lowest in the world, the indicated expenses for the needs of urgently needy groups and segments of the population are extremely low compared to similar expenses in developed countries.

A REFUGEE is a person who is not a citizen of the Russian Federation and who, due to a well-founded fear of being persecuted on the grounds of race, religion, citizenship, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his citizenship and cannot enjoy protection of that country or is unwilling to avail itself of such protection owing to such fears; or, being of no nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or unwilling to return to it owing to such fear.

NEGLECTED - a minor whose behavior is not controlled due to non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of duties for his upbringing, training and (or) maintenance on the part of his parents or legal representatives or officials.

UNEMPLOYED are considered able-bodied citizens who do not have a job or income, are registered with the employment service in order to find suitable work, are looking for work and are ready to start it.

Homeless - homeless, without a place of residence and (or) place of stay.

WELFARE - provision of the population with necessary material, social and spiritual benefits, i.e., items, services and conditions that satisfy certain human needs. Depends on the level of development of the productive forces, the nature of production relations, and the degree of development of society as a whole. B. is expressed by a system of indicators characterizing the standard of living.

CHARITY:

1) in a narrow sense - the provision by individuals or organizations of free assistance to people in need or social groups (strata) of the population;

2) in a broad sense - gratuitous activities for the creation and transfer of financial, material and spiritual values ​​(benefits) to meet the urgent needs of a person, social group, layer, society who find themselves in a difficult life situation.

Voluntary activities of citizens and legal entities for disinterested (free of charge or on preferential terms) transfer to citizens or legal entities property, including Money, selfless performance of work, provision of services, provision of other support.

MARRIAGE is a historically conditioned, sanctioned and regulated by society form of relationship between a man and a woman, establishing their rights and responsibilities in relation to each other, children and society. According to the procedure of the marriage ceremony, marriage is distinguished between civil and church, as well as actual (marital relations are not formalized in the manner prescribed by law). According to the structure, B. are divided into monogamous (countries of Europe and America) and polygamous (some countries of Asia and Africa).

STATE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE - provision of social benefits, social supplements to pensions, subsidies, social services and vital goods to low-income families, low-income citizens living alone.

STATE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL SERVICES -

system consisting of both state enterprises and social service institutions that are the property of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and are under the jurisdiction of bodies state power subjects of the Russian Federation.

CITIZENS WHO WISH TO ADOPT CHILDREN INTO THEIR FAMILIES - citizens of the Russian Federation permanently residing in the territory of the Russian Federation and wishing to adopt children left without parental care, to accept them into guardianship (trusteeship) or into foster families, as well as citizens of the Russian Federation, permanently residing outside the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons wishing to adopt children left without parental care, if there are grounds established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

RISK GROUPS - persons (contingent) who have an increased risk of AIDS: prostitutes, homosexuals, drug addicts, sexually transmitted diseases, etc.

Any social community that contributes to the emergence, development and implementation of antisocial behavior of minors.

HUMANISM:

1) in a broad sense - a historically changing system of views, based on the recognition of the value of a person as an individual, his right to freedom, happiness, development and manifestation of his abilities. The good of man is considered a criterion for evaluating social institutions, and the principles of equality, justice, and humanity are the norm of relations between people;

2) in a narrow sense - the cultural movement of the Renaissance. One of the most important principles of social work.

HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE - material, financial, economic charitable support for people provided by international government, public organizations and private individuals in the event of natural disasters and socio-economic upheavals, wars and other misfortunes that befall the country and its citizens.

HUMANITY - humanity, a benevolent attitude towards people, their dignity (as opposed to cruel, unkind).

DEVIANT BEHAVIOR - behavior that contradicts legal and (or) moral norms accepted in society.

SOCIAL ACTION - a conscious action of a person, usually caused by his needs, which is associated with the actions of another person or other people, is focused on their behavior, affects them and, in turn, is influenced by the behavior of others. In the doctrine of D.s. M. Weber made a particularly great contribution. It received further development in modern sociology (phenomenology, functionalism and other directions). D.s. includes: subject, environment or “situation”; the subject’s orientation to environmental conditions, to the “situation”; the subject's orientation towards another (or others).

CHILDREN IN DIFFICULT LIFE SITUATION - children left without parental care; disabled children; children with disabilities, i.e. having physical and (or) disabilities mental development; children are victims of armed and interethnic conflicts, environmental and man-made disasters, and natural disasters; children from families of refugees and internally displaced persons; children in extreme conditions; children are victims of violence; children serving sentences of imprisonment in educational colonies; children in special educational institutions; children living in low-income families; children with behavioral problems; children whose life activity is objectively disrupted as a result of current circumstances and who cannot overcome these circumstances on their own or with the help of their family.

CHILDREN WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE - persons under the age of 18 who were left without the care of one or both parents due to the absence of parents or deprivation of their parental rights, restriction of their parental rights, recognition of parents as missing, incompetent (partially incapacitated) being in medical institutions, declaring them dead, serving their sentences in institutions executing sentences of imprisonment, being in places of detention of suspects and accused of committing crimes; evasion of parents from raising children or from protecting their rights and interests, refusal of parents to take their children from educational, medical institutions, social protection institutions and other similar institutions, and in other cases of recognizing a child as left without parental care in the manner prescribed by law.

ORPHANS - persons under the age of 18 whose both or only parent have died.

EMPLOYMENT is the activity of citizens related to the satisfaction of personal and social needs, which does not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation and, as a rule, brings them earnings, labor income.

DEPENDENCE - providing a non-working person (sick, elderly, minor, etc.) with the means necessary for existence.

IMMIGRATION - entry into the country for temporary or permanent residence of citizens of another state (for political, religious and other reasons).

DISABLED - a person who has a health impairment with a persistent disorder of body functions, caused by diseases, consequences of injuries or defects, leading to limitation of life activity and necessitating his social protection.

SOCIAL SERVICE CLIENT - a citizen who is in a difficult life situation, who is provided with social services in connection with this.

SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CLIMATE - the socio-psychological state of the team, the nature of value orientations, interpersonal relationships and mutual expectations in it. There are K.s.-p. favorable and unfavorable, healthy and unhealthy.

Has exclusively important in the implementation of forms, methods and principles of social work.

CODE OF ETHICS - a set of rules and norms (formal and informal) governing social behavior, role, intragroup and intergroup interaction prescribed for execution. K.e. can be general social (observed throughout the community), professional (peculiar to a particular profession: doctor, teacher, military man, scientist, social worker, etc.), national (reflecting mental traits), religious (observed by people of the same religion), and also characteristic of one or another social group: age (youth, elderly), status (intelligentsia, elite), etc. K.e. reflects the foundations and norms of behavior of various social groups connected by a common culture (subculture). K.e. performs the following functions: creating the foundations of interpersonal and intercultural interaction, forming role interactions, justifying social expectations and social understanding. In the professional sphere, it is an indispensable condition for increasing the efficiency of activities.

CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS (EUROPEAN) is a 1950 international treaty for the protection of human rights, based on the principles of ensuring objective standards and providing protection to individuals against abuse of government power.

The legal regime of the convention is based on the acceptance by the participating states of the obligation to provide every citizen with the standards adopted by the convention in the field of human rights protection.

Based on the convention, the following were formed:

European Commission of Human Rights;

European Court of Human Rights.

FAMILY COUNSELING is a targeted psychological impact on the family and its members with the aim of restoring, optimizing its functioning and improving relationships between its members, creating favorable intra-family conditions for the development of the family and its members.

SOCIAL COUNSELING is a special form of providing social assistance through targeted psychological influence on a person or a small group with the aim of socializing them, restoring and optimizing their social functions, guidelines, and developing social norms of communication. The following areas of C.S. are distinguished: medical-social, psychological, socio-pedagogical, social-legal, social-managerial, social-innovative, etc. Organization of C.S. includes regional social counseling centers and specialized services (family counseling services, marital counseling, psychological assistance and counseling, helpline, C.S. services in medical institutions and public organizations).

CONFIDENTIALITY - confidentiality that is not subject to publicity; an ethical principle according to which a social worker (or other worker) has no right to disclose information about a client without the latter’s consent. This may include information about the client’s personality, professional judgments about the client, and materials from the “case history.” In special cases, social workers may be legally obligated to provide certain authorities with certain information (e.g., threat of force, commission of a crime, suspicion of child abuse, etc.) that would lead to prosecution.

SOCIAL CONFLICT - a clash of parties, opinions, forces; the highest stage of development of contradictions in the system of relations between people and social institutions. There are international conflicts - between nations, states; conflicts of classes, social groups and layers within society; conflicts between small groups, families, individuals.

Removing or weakening conflict (especially between small groups, in families, between individuals) is one of the most important tasks of social work specialists.

LABOR CONFLICT is a type of social conflict. Manifests itself in the following main forms:

1) boycott by workers of certain types production activities(without stopping the main job);

2) increased staff turnover (mass change of main job);

3) strikes and walkouts;

4) sabotage (collective failure to comply with management orders);

5) forced reduction by the employer of workers’ working hours;

6) delay in payment of wages;

7) lockouts (mass layoffs). Occurrence, course and resolution of K.t. are largely determined by the essence and content of the state’s social policy and the degree of social protection of the population.

PERSONALITY:

1) a stable system of socially significant traits that characterize an individual as a member of society, community, group;

2) the individual bearer of these traits as a free and responsible subject of conscious volitional activity. Sociological analysis of JI. involves highlighting in it the socially typical characterological and moral qualities, knowledge and skills, value orientations and social attitudes, the prevailing motives of activity, necessary for the performance of social functions.

In L., as in a person in general, it is necessary to see (especially in the process of social work) three components: social, psychological and physiological (biological).

ANTI-SOCIAL PERSONALITY - an irresponsible person who causes harm to others through his activities, is unable to feel his guilt, often conflicts with others and public institutions, tends to blame others and does not learn from mistakes, shows intolerance, etc. This pattern of behavior indicates insufficient socialization and is one of the most common personality disorders.

MARGINAL - a person who is in an intermediate, borderline position between any social groups (or cultures), who has lost his previous social connections and has not adapted to new living conditions. Most often, these are representatives of migrants, ethnic minorities, rural residents, displaced to cities, who do not have the conditions to perceive and assimilate the urban way of life, its norms, values, attitudes, etc.

The marginal is a special and difficult object in the activities of social services and social workers.

MARGINALITY - the state of groups of people or individuals placed by social development on the edge of two (or several) cultures, participating in the interaction of these cultures, but not completely adjacent to any of them; state of being marginalized; being in a marginal, intermediate position between any social groups.

MOTHERHOOD is the biological and social relationship of a mother to her child (children). The biological relationship is determined by the child's descent from the mother (blood relationship). It is associated with a woman’s performance of the reproductive function and is the basis for the legal establishment of M. Biological and legal M may not coincide (for example, during adoption or in the case of “multiple motherhood” in traditional tribal societies or underdeveloped agro-industrial societies).

M. is integral part social institution of parenthood and influences the functioning of families as a small socio-psychological group. The main functions of M. are reproductive and educational. The first function is sometimes designated by the terms “pro-creative”, “generative”, and its content includes the meaning of the second function (child care, education and training). M. (together with paternity) most fully satisfies the sensory, cognitive, emotional and social needs of the child, ensures his gradual inclusion in the system of social relations, and facilitates the assimilation of social roles.

The importance of education as an educational institution varies depending on the socio-economic and other conditions of the development of society (from exclusively public education to home education).

M as a social institution occupies a fairly large place in the activities of social workers and various social services of modern society.

MANAGEMENT IN SOCIAL WORK - management carried out in a special area of ​​social activity - social work aimed at providing assistance, support, protection to all people, especially the so-called weaker sections and groups.

Management objects in M.s.r. are social workers, employees, the entire system of relationships that develops between people in the process of social protection of the population. The subjects of management are the heads of social services and the management bodies formed by them, endowed with management functions.

The process of social work management presupposes a certain organizational management structure. It is understood as a set of elements of control bodies and stable connections between them, ensuring its integrity and maintaining its basic properties under various internal and external changes. Basic requirements for organizational structure management (OSU) in general and in social work in particular consist of the presence of a minimum number of links and levels of management, a clear distribution of functions, stability, continuity, efficiency and flexibility of management.

CHARACTERITY - social activity aimed at supporting the development of culture, art, science, providing various types of assistance and support creative workers and organizations from individuals and organizations that have material, financial and other capabilities to provide assistance. Originated in Ancient Rome, was widespread in Russia in late XIX- early 20th century

POPULATION MIGRATION is a socio-economic and demographic process, which is a set of movements made by people between countries, regions, and settlements. There are episodic, pendulum, seasonal and irrevocable migration. This is the most important mechanism of urbanization.

The study of migration processes and the condition of migrants is one of the most important areas of social work at the present stage of development of our country.

M.Sc. can be natural and artificial, forced. The immediate causes of the latter:

1) deformation of social well-being (for example, Russian speakers in the CIS countries);

2) politics;

3) interethnic conflicts, military actions;

4) environmental disasters.

SOCIAL MICROENVIRONMENT - a set of small groups, contact groups and organizations in which an individual is included in the process of social communication and activity. Knowledge of M.s. The client is the most important factor in successful social activities.

MERCY - readiness to help someone or forgive someone out of compassion and philanthropy.

ALMS - money or goods distributed for charitable purposes to the poor and needy.

SOCIAL MODELING is a scientific method of cognition of social objects by displaying their main characteristics and features on models specially created for this purpose. M.s. is considered both in a broad (modeling of social processes) and in a narrow sense (the study of social processes themselves by the method of constructing appropriate models).

YOUTH is a socio-demographic group that has specific social and psychological traits determined by the age characteristics of young people, the process of formation of their spiritual world, the specifics of their situation in social structure society. Typically, youth refers to people aged 16 to 30 years.

DRUG ADDITION - a morbid attraction, addiction to the systematic use of drugs, leading to severe impairment of physical and mental functions. A detailed definition of drug addiction is given by a WHO commission of experts. N. is “a mental and sometimes also physical state that arises as a result of the interaction between a living organism and a drug, characterized by behavioral characteristics and other reactions that always include the need for constant or periodically renewed use of this drug in order to experience its mental effects or to avoid the discomfort associated with its absence.”

DRUGS - a group of natural and synthetic substances that have an analgesic and hypnotic effect (for example, morphine, opium), the abuse of which leads to drug addiction.

A MINOR IN A SOCIALLY DANGEROUS SITUATION is a person under the age of 18 who, due to neglect or homelessness, is in an environment that poses a danger to his life or health or does not meet the requirements for his upbringing or maintenance, or commits an offense or antisocial actions.

DISABLED CITIZENS - disabled people, including those disabled since childhood, disabled children, children under 18 years of age who have lost one or both parents, citizens from among the indigenous peoples of the North who have reached the age of 55 and 50 years (men and women, respectively), citizens who have reached the ages of 65 and 60 years (men and women, respectively) and are not entitled to the pension provided Federal law“On labor pensions in the Russian Federation.”

SOCIAL STANDARDS - a scientifically based characteristic of the optimal state of the social process (or one of its parties), obtained on the basis of taking into account objective laws social development. They are differentiated depending on specific national, natural, socio-demographic characteristics, as well as by spheres of human life (work, socio-political life, culture, everyday life, interpersonal relationships). In contrast to the sphere of work, culture, and everyday life, determining standards in other spheres is difficult. Therefore, in planning practice the concept of a social reference point is used.

SOCIAL NORMS - means of social regulation of the behavior of individuals and groups. They are developed in all spheres of social practice and in all types of social relations. They develop as norms-rules and norms-expectations that determine the form, motivation, direction, assessment of the behavior of group members and determine the forms and permissible deviations in their (group members) interactions and manifestations.

GUARDIANESS AND CUSTODY - a form of placement of orphans and children left without parental care, for the purpose of their maintenance, upbringing and education, as well as to protect their rights and interests; guardianship is established over children under the age of 14; Guardianship is established over children aged 14 to 18 years.

LONELINESS:

1) emotional as a result of the lack of attachment to a specific person (love, friendship);

2) social as a result of the lack of an accessible social circle, that is, significant friendships or a sense of community;

O. is the state of a lonely person.

SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP is a concept most often used to designate labor relations, characterized by common positions and coordinated actions of employees, employers and the state. They are usually represented in negotiations when concluding collective agreements by trade unions, entrepreneurs' organizations, and representatives of the administration of state enterprises, institutions or organizations. Basic principles of P.s. - taking into account mutual requirements and responsibilities, respecting each other’s interests, resolving disputes and conflict situations at the negotiating table, the parties’ willingness to compromise, consistent implementation of the agreements reached and signed agreements. P.S. ( labor agreements) is an important factor in the social protection of workers and employees, members of their families.

PATRONAGE - education and provision of necessary assistance to children in need of state protection, carried out in the forms of foster care or social patronage.

PENITENTIAL INSTITUTIONS are correctional labor institutions in which people who have committed an offense or crime serve their sentences.

PENSIONERS - people who receive pensions from public funds for old age, disability or breadwinner, for long service. The assignment of pensions and determination of their size, as well as control over the correctness of their payment are carried out by the social protection authorities. The sources of pension payments are Pension Fund and the state budget. Social work should be structured taking into account the specifics of various population groups, social interests, and include measures for the social, everyday and psychological adaptation of P. to various life situations, medical and social rehabilitation, social services and welfare.

SOCIAL SUPPORT - a system of measures to provide assistance to certain categories of citizens who temporarily find themselves in a difficult economic situation (partially or completely unemployed, students, etc.) by providing them with the necessary information, financial resources, loans, training, human rights protection and the introduction of other benefits.

TEENAGERS - boys and girls in the transitional age from childhood to adolescence (usually from 12 to 16 years). The main specific features of this category are determined by the physical, psychological and social development of personality that occurs during this period. Social work should be carried out taking into account the characteristics of P.

ELDERLY PEOPLE - people who live a relatively long life, as a result of which they experience certain psychophysical limitations. According to the World Health Organization, ages from 60 to 74 years are considered elderly, from 75 to 89 years - senile, from 90 years and older - the age of centenarians. The term P.l. often used as a synonym for “elderly people”. P.L., especially the sick and lonely, need comprehensive help and support. Their needs are met in social service centers, including departments of social assistance at home, departments of emergency social assistance, medical and social departments, day care departments, in stationary boarding houses for the elderly, etc.

SOCIAL POSITION:

1) the place that a person occupies in the system of social class relations, in the social structure of society, in other words, social position;

2) conscious choice, ideological and moral orientation of the individual.

The success of social work and social activity in general is largely determined by the extent to which P.s. is taken into account. people, including clients of social services.

SOCIAL POLITICS - the activities of the state and other political institutions to manage the development of the social sphere of society. Sociology contributes to the development of Ps, alternative solutions in this area, and the justification of social priorities.

TRUSTEES - adult capable persons performing guardianship duties in relation to minor children and citizens limited by the court in legal capacity or incompetent, or performing guardianship duties in terms of patronage over single adult capable citizens who, for health reasons, cannot exercise their rights and fulfill their duties .

POVERTY THRESHOLD - recognized by the state limit level personal well-being, below which a person is unable to maintain normal physical condition; poverty line.

BENEFIT is one of the forms of material support for citizens, guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and assigned for temporary disability (illness, injury, quarantine, etc.).

UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS - cash assistance paid to persons recognized as unemployed in the manner prescribed by law.

CONSUMER BASKET - consumer budget; the total amount of costs and their specific distribution to ensure the average consumption of a person (family) in a certain period of time.

PC. - a set of goods and services that satisfy the most basic human needs. It includes non-food products, food and services. Cost of P.k. is the main factor in determining the cost of living, the poverty line, etc.

SOCIAL RIGHT:

1) branch of law regulating the norms of social protection of people;

2) discipline of the specialty “Social work”, designed to give students (listeners) knowledge about the norms of family, labor, housing legislation regulating the protection of motherhood and childhood, the rights of minors, pensioners, disabled people and ensuring their social protection; on the procedure and organization of guardianship, trusteeship, adoption, deprivation of parental rights, referral to special educational institutions, and other problems of protecting people.

PRACTICE OF SOCIAL WORK - the use of knowledge and skills of social work to provide social services to a person, layer, group. P.s.r. includes social assistance, social therapy, social rehabilitation, insurance, guardianship, mediation, etc.

SOCIAL PRIVILEGE - the exclusive right and advantage of individuals, groups, classes, institutions, inaccessible to most people. In slave and feudal societies P.s. legally and politically secured as a class privilege. However, the liquidation of the latter did not lead to the destruction of P.s. It was preserved under the influence of differences in property, differences in position in government, party and other structures. The preservation of Ps, in particular, is associated with the difference in the “starting capabilities” (property, cultural, educational) of people, groups, and strata. P.S. often sanctioned legally, but mainly implemented de facto.

FOSTER FAMILY - a form of placement of orphans and children left without parental care, on the basis of an agreement on the transfer of a child (children) to be raised in a family between the guardianship and trusteeship authorities and adoptive parents (spouses or individual citizens wishing to take children into a family for upbringing ).

CHARITY - attention, participation, sympathy, mercy; providing someone with shelter and food. P. as a social institution is associated with the beginning of Christianity and the construction of church buildings and monasteries in Russia, and it developed in the subsequent period. Closely related to charity.

SOCIAL PRIORITIES - social tasks that at this stage are recognized by society as the most pressing, urgent, requiring a priority solution.

From an adequate understanding of P.s. Managers at all levels (especially the center) depend on the effectiveness of solving social problems.

PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL WORK - rules that guide the objects and subjects of social activity. Along with general philosophical and general scientific ones, some specific principles can be identified in social work, confirmed by scientific research and practice. These are the principles of humanism, morality, justice, self-sufficiency, trust between clients and workers in the service sector, a differentiated approach to the provision of services, respect for human and civil rights in the field of social services and provision of state guarantees, voluntary consent of citizens to receive services, accessibility of social services, targeting services provided, priority in the provision of services to citizens, taking into account their social situation, a reasonable combination of paid and free services, territorial organization of social and other services, state support for voluntary, public and other organizations to provide a variety of services to the population.

SOCIAL SHELTER - a stationary social institution for temporary stay, in which those in need are provided with all the necessary assistance (shelter and overnight accommodation, food, social and medical services, social and psychological counseling, as well as social work on rehabilitation, adaptation and correction). P.S. provided mainly to children: homeless and neglected

PREVENTION OF NEGLIGENCE AND OFFENSES BY MINORS - a system of social, legal, pedagogical and other measures aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions that contribute to neglect, homelessness, delinquency and antisocial actions of minors, carried out in conjunction with individual preventive work with minors and families in socially dangerous situation.

REHABILITATION:

1) restoration of a good name, former reputation; restoration of previous rights, including in administrative and judicial proceedings (for example, R. repressed);

2) application to defendants (primarily minors) of educational measures or penalties not related to imprisonment in order to correct them;

3) a set of medical, legal and other measures aimed at restoring or compensating for impaired body functions and the ability to work of sick and disabled people. R. is one of the most important areas in social work.

SOCIAL REHABILITATION - restoration of the basic social functions of an individual, a public institution, a social group, their social role as subjects of the main spheres of society. R.s. in terms of content, it essentially includes all aspects of rehabilitation in a concentrated form.

REHABILITATION OF DISABLED PERSONS - a system and process of full or partial restoration of the abilities of disabled people for everyday, social and professional activities. Rehabilitation of disabled people is aimed at eliminating or, as fully as possible, compensating for life limitations caused by health problems with persistent impairment of body functions, for the purpose of social adaptation of disabled people, their achievement of financial independence and their integration into society.

FAMILY - persons related by kinship and (or) property, living together and leading a joint household.

SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF A CHILD is the process of active adaptation of a child in a difficult life situation to the rules and norms of behavior accepted in society, as well as the process of overcoming the consequences of psychological or moral trauma.

SOCIAL PROTECTION OF DISABLED PERSONS - a system of state-guaranteed economic, legal and social support measures that provide disabled people with conditions for overcoming, replacing (compensating) disabilities and aimed at creating equal opportunities for them to participate in society with other citizens.

SOCIAL REHABILITATION OF A CHILD - measures to restore the social connections and functions lost by the child, replenish the life support environment, and strengthen care for him.

SOCIAL BENEFITS - the gratuitous provision of a certain amount of money to citizens at the expense of the corresponding budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation.

SOCIAL SERVICES - enterprises and institutions, regardless of their form of ownership, providing social services, as well as citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activities in social services to the population without forming a legal entity.

SOCIAL WORK SPECIALIST - a specialist in the field of social work who has high general cultural, intellectual and moral potential, professional training and the necessary personal qualities that allow him to effectively carry out professional features to study the socio-economic and socio-psychological living conditions of social groups, strata, families and individuals in order to apply adequate methods of social protection, support, rehabilitation and other types of social work, and the use of various social technologies.

SPONSORSHIP - financial support for organizations (institutions, enterprises) or individuals. S. is an important factor in solving social problems in society and social protection of the “weak” sections of the population. Compared to other countries in modern Russia, S. is still poorly developed.

SOCIAL STATUS is an integrative indicator of the position of social and other groups and their representatives in society, in the system of social connections and relationships. It is determined by a number of characteristics of both a natural (gender, age, nationality) and social nature (profession, occupation, income, official position, etc.).

The task of social workers is to, if possible, contribute to the preservation and strengthening of S.s. their clients.

PUBLIC SERVICE SECTOR (service sector) - a set of industries National economy, the product of which (consumables) appears in the form of a certain purposeful activity (services). Feature social labor employed in S.o.n. is the direct impact on a person as an object of labor. The results of such activities usually take the form of services (see Services). In S.o.n. include trade and public catering, housing and communal services and consumer services, passenger transport and communications, education, cultural institutions, healthcare, physical culture and sports, social welfare (as a type of activity to serve people). Dream. is extremely important in social work with the population.

TRUST PHONE - emergency psychological assistance and emotional support from specialists (psychologist, social worker, etc.) over the phone. Teenagers, victims of sexual violence, drug addicts, etc. can anonymously seek help. There are two directions in the development of services, etc.:

1) professional psychological assistance services;

2) emotional support and engagement services provided by lay volunteers.

THERAPY:

2) a branch of medicine that studies diagnostic methods, causes and methods of treating internal diseases.

TOLERANCE - tolerance for someone else's lifestyle, behavior, customs, feelings, opinions, ideas, beliefs.

It is necessary for everyone, including social workers in their work with their clients.

DIFFICULT LIFE SITUATION - a situation that objectively disrupts the life of a citizen (disability, inability to self-care due to old age, illness, orphanhood, neglect, poverty, unemployment, lack of a specific place of residence, conflicts and abuse in the family, loneliness, etc.), which he cannot overcome on his own.

ADOPTION - adoption of minor children who have lost parental care, with the establishment of legal (personal and property) relations existing between parents and children between the adopted child and the adoptive parent. Strangers and relatives can adopt if for some reason the latter have replaced their parents. After U., the legal connection of the minor with his former parents is completely terminated.

There are certain requirements for adoptive parents. Minor citizens deprived of parental rights, recognized by the court as incompetent or partially capable, mentally ill people, drug addicts, alcoholics, etc. cannot be adoptive parents.

For U., the consent of the parents of the child (one of them), the minor (who has reached the age of ten), and the spouse of the adoptive parent is required. U.'s secret is protected by law. It can only be canceled by a court that is guided by the interests of the child.

INSTITUTIONS FOR ORPHANS AND CHILDREN WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE - educational institutions where orphans and children without parental care are kept (educated and (or) raised); social service institutions (orphanages for disabled children with mental retardation and physical disabilities, social rehabilitation centers for children without parental care, social shelters); health care institutions (orphanages) and other institutions created in accordance with the procedure established by law.

FEMINISM is a movement in defense of women's rights and liberation that arose during the era of bourgeois revolutions in France, England and the USA. F. are divided into old and new. Old feminism (which arose in the 18th century and reached its peak at the end of the 19th century) is characterized by a narrow interpretation of the social equality of women (only as legal equality). It was called the suffragette movement. The increase in women's employment and their receipt of voting rights (in Europe and the USA) led to a decline in the feminist movement. It took shape again only in the late 60s - early 70s. XX century called neofeminism. It distinguishes three main directions: liberal-reformist, socialist and radical. The existing (along with those named) conservative movement is actually anti-feminist (idealizes the family and maternal function of women, denies the existence of discrimination against them by the state).

F. as a movement is a significant factor in the social protection of women, the qualitative improvement of their living conditions, and the qualitative change in women’s lifestyle.

FRUSTRATION - a psychological state that arises in a state of disappointment, failure to achieve any goal or need that is significant for a person; oppressive anxiety, feeling of tension, hopelessness. Removing F. is one of the important tasks in the activities of social workers during their contacts with clients.

FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORK - diagnostic, prognostic, preventive, human rights, socio-pedagogical, psychological, socio-medical, social, communicative, advertising and propaganda, moral and humanistic and organizational. The implementation of these functions in the activities of a social worker is possible only if he masters a wide range of knowledge and skills set out in the State educational standard for higher professional education in the field of social work.

HOSPICE:

2) a multiprofessional program that provides assistance to terminally ill people during the last months of their lives. This assistance is usually provided in non-hospital settings, in the home environment by family members, friends and acquaintances.

EXAMINATION - consideration, study of any issues, problems, solutions that require special knowledge to present a motivated, reasoned conclusion on them, scientific justification. For example, when resolving issues of remuneration for working pensioners, a certain disability group, determining adoptive parents, etc.

EMOTIONS - emotional experience; reactions of humans and animals to the influence of internal and external stimuli, which have a pronounced subjective coloring and cover all types of sensitivity and experiences. Associated with the satisfaction (positive E.) and dissatisfaction (negative E.) of various needs of the body. Differentiated and stable emotions that arise on the basis of a person’s external social needs are usually called feelings.

EMPATHY is the ability of an individual to respond emotionally to the experiences of other people. E. is a quality necessary for socionomists in working with clients.

ETHICS:

2) moral theory, scientific justification for one or another moral system, one or another understanding of good and evil, justice, duty, conscience, happiness, the meaning of life. It is important in the training and activities of social service workers, whose responsibilities include knowledge of ethical (and legal) norms governing a person’s relationship to man, society, and the environment, and the ability to take them into account when developing environmental and social projects.

Annex 1

Designing the professional and personal life path of a social worker ( guidelines for independent work)

When considering the topic “Personality of a social worker in the profession,” how often do we ask ourselves the following questions:

What do you want to achieve in your profession?

What can (and should) do to realize your own capabilities, personal qualities and interests?

What should you do to succeed? etc.

The questions posed evoke a desire to understand oneself, one’s actions, and develop adequate self-esteem and attitude towards oneself:

Do we know ourselves?

My strengths and weaknesses.

Awareness of the physical, mental and social “I”.

Maturity and blossoming (“acme”) of personality - what does this mean?

Personality, its needs, interests, abilities, temperament, character, etc.

Additional “search questions” create a more objective picture of the “I-image”: how do they evaluate me? What do I know about these assessments? my reaction to them? and etc.

Development of self-reflection, self-correction personal qualities, character traits often come up in discussions: Do other people always understand me? Why don't I always understand myself? An additional technique for developing this topic is homework of the following type: “Write a portrait: I am real, I am ideal” or “My ways of helping and supporting another person,” etc.

Abilification - (from lat. abilitatio; lat. habilis - convenient, adaptive) - in international practice - a set of services aimed at creating new and strengthening existing resources for the client’s social, mental and physical development. These are therapeutic and (or) social measures in relation to disabled people or other morally damaged people (convicts, etc.), aimed at adapting them to life.

Volunteering is the voluntary acceptance of responsibilities to provide free social assistance, services, patronage to the disabled, sick and elderly, as well as individuals and social groups in difficult living conditions.

Life support is a component of a way of life, an activity associated with the involvement of people in the processes of economic life, primarily in the system of social division of labor, aimed at satisfying basic needs and wants |4].

Innovations in the social sphere are innovations that influence large groups of people, usually have a non-profit nature and are aimed at improving the quality of life of the population.

Social innovation is an organized innovation in social practice in response to changing social conditions, the needs of society, new problems that cannot be solved by traditional methods.

Social infrastructure - material and material elements that provide conditions for human life in society (in the production, political and spiritual spheres, in the family and everyday life); a set of industries such as science, education, healthcare, trade, catering, consumer services, housing and communal services, transport, communications, etc. The degree of development of social infrastructure - important indicator how a person lives, to what extent he is socially protected.

Quality of life is the content side of an individual’s lifestyle and living conditions, the degree of comfort of his living environment. An integral characteristic of the patient’s physical, psychological, emotional and social functioning, based on his subjective perception. eleven].

The quality of the population is the totality of the properties of the population: its educational level, professional and qualification structure, health status, etc. .

Social work client (social service user) (Sendee user) is a widely accepted definition of those people who use the services of social protection organizations. This term refers to people who independently request social services or who have life situations in which they have no choice in whether they want to accept such help or not. In many sources, this term is simply shortened to the word client. The term refers to how difficult it is to find one word or phrase to describe everyone who uses social services.

Client-centered therapy (client-oriented therapy) is a direction of psychological help developed by K. Rogers and his followers, which is based on the belief that the person seeking psychotherapeutic help (client) usually has sufficient resources to find a solution to his problem himself. problems and deal with them. The psychotherapist does not impose his own method of solution on him and does not resort to directive methods (suggestion, etc.). The main therapeutic technique is to create a situation of understanding and unconditional acceptance of a person and his problems by the therapist, which facilitates the client’s experience of internal conflicts.

Sociocultural competence is a measure of freedom to possess the knowledge and skills necessary for effective participation in the processes of interaction and communication and acquired as a result of socialization and inculturation.

Complex-oriented models of social work theory -

these include cognitive, socio-pedagogical, vital-oriented and other models. The cognitive (cognitive) model is based on the principle of social work organization, which states that services should be available to everyone who needs them. Cognitive theory became especially popular in social work practice in the early 1980s. .

A person with disabilities is a disabled person who suffers from temporary or permanent, congenital or acquired defects that do not allow him to independently realize his potential.

Macrosocial work - streamlining the activities of the population of individual territories, the formation of territorial communities and social groups based on the interests and capabilities of the population.

Social marginalization - here, pushing people with disabilities to the periphery of sociocultural life, i.e. reducing the set of possible social roles and cultural identities, simplifying the sociocultural functions available to them, narrowing the range of cultural information received, reducing the degree of participation in social interaction and communication in comparison with accepted standards in society.

Marginality is a characteristic of social phenomena that arise as a result of the weakening of normative value systems under the influence of intercultural contacts, social or technological changes and other factors |4|.

Marginalized population groups - persons released from prison and who do not have a specific place of residence; citizens demanding public oversight social factors(alcoholism, homelessness, etc.); youth not included in labor activity; persons with behavioral deviations. Marginal groups of the population can include any groups of the population that in the labor market have the least chance of finding employment on their own (for example, single mothers and women with children, orphans, children from disadvantaged families, unskilled workers, old people, etc.).

The Marxist model is an understanding of the activities of a social worker as a force contributing to the implementation of joint collective actions aimed at raising self-awareness and bringing about changes in society.

Material assistance is provided to citizens in difficult life situations in the form of cash, food, sanitation and hygiene products, child care products, clothing, shoes and other essential items, fuel, as well as special vehicles, technical means rehabilitation of disabled people and people in need of constant care. The grounds and procedure for providing financial assistance are established by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Medical and social examination is the determination, in the prescribed manner, of the needs of the examined person for social protection measures, including rehabilitation, based on an assessment of the limitations in life activity caused by a persistent disorder of body functions.

Social mobility is the movement of individuals or social groups from one social strata to another (from the peasantry to the working class, etc.), their movement to higher or lower hierarchical positions. The term “social mobility” was introduced into Western sociology by the Russian sociologist P. A. Sorokin. Distinguish social mobility“vertical” (ascent - descent in the system of social positions) and “horizontal” (movement at the same social level); intergenerational (change of social status from father to son, from mother to daughter) and intragenerational (individual career according to the principle of ascension - descent “in the social hierarchy.” The level of social movements is often considered as one of the main factors in classifying a society as open, closed, modernized, democratic, post-industrial, etc. In social work, it is important to predict and take into account social movements such as staff turnover, migration, unemployment, hidden unemployment, etc.

Models (systems) of social activity. 1st stage - from 1551 to 1725 G. - the stage of formation and implementation of the idea of ​​state charity; 2nd stage - from 1725 to 1796 - the stage of formation of a system (model) of public charity; 3rd stage - from 1796 to 1917 - the stage of improving the system (model) of public charity and private charity; 4th stage - from 1917 to 1918 - the stage of return to the model of state charity; 5th stage - from 1918 to 1991. - the stage of formation and implementation of the Soviet model of social activity; Stage 6 - from 1991 to the present - the stage of formation of the modern Russian model of social activity.

Morality is a system of norms, principles, requirements, values; one of the earliest forms of social consciousness and regulators human behavior.

A moral norm is a general substantive requirement for the behavior and activities of a social worker, fair in all situations and circumstances. We can talk about general norms of professional morality (for example, the requirement to be humane, kind, objective, etc.) and specific norms that specify the general ones (for example, honesty in relations with a client, etc.).

Moral rules are specific requirements for the behavior and activities of a specialist in the process of his work. Moral rules are the most flexible and mobile, constantly enriched in content.

Loneliness is a socio-psychological condition characterized by insufficiency or absence of social contacts, behavioral alienation and emotional dissatisfaction of the individual with the character and circle of his communication. According to modern ideas, physical isolation is not always felt by a person as loneliness |1|.

Occupational therapy is a profession aimed at the rehabilitation of persons who, for health reasons, are unable to take care of themselves, spend leisure time and perform work activities. Self-care, leisure, and productive activities are collectively termed “occupation,” and human participation in them is defined as occupational activity.

Guardianship (trusteeship) is a form of placement of orphans and children left without parental care, for the purpose of their maintenance, upbringing and education, as well as to protect their rights and interests; guardianship is established over children under the age of 14; Guardianship is established over children aged 14 to 18 years.

Development of the living environment - acquisition and efficient use knowledge and skills necessary for adequate interaction with environmental elements and control over them.

Social pathology is a term formed by analogy with the corresponding medical concept - the study of diseases; manifestation of various kinds of diseases that accompany the development of the social organism and weaken its functioning.

Patronage is a form of legal protection of personal and property interests of citizens. Patronage is established over an adult capable citizen who, for health reasons, cannot independently exercise and protect his rights and fulfill his duties. Patronage is a type of guardianship |4].

Pension (from lat. pernio - payment, payment) - 1) monthly cash payments intended to compensate citizens for earnings (income) lost due to reaching the legal age, disability, loss of a breadwinner, as well as for other reasons, the right to receive which is determined by the conditions and norms , established by law Russian Federation;

2) monthly state cash payment, the right to receive which is determined in accordance with the conditions and standards established by Federal Law No. 166-FZ of December 15, 2001 “On State Pension Provision in the Russian Federation”, and which is provided to citizens in order to compensate them earnings (income) lost due to termination civil service upon reaching the length of service established by law upon retirement due to old age (disability), or in order to compensate for damage caused to the health of citizens during military service, as a result of radiation or man-made disasters, in the event of disability or loss of a breadwinner, upon reaching the legal age , or disabled citizens in order to provide them with a means of subsistence.

Primary prevention is a system of social, medical, hygienic and educational measures aimed at preventing diseases by eliminating the causes and conditions of their occurrence and development, as well as increasing the body’s resistance to the effects of adverse factors in the natural, industrial and domestic environment.

Sociocultural policy is a system of measures aimed at improving the conditions and quality of life of members of society, carried out by institutional means [11.

Social work practice is the use of social work knowledge and skills to provide social services to an individual, social class, or group. Social work practice includes social assistance, social therapy, social rehabilitation, insurance, guardianship, mediation, etc. .

Professional ethics - a spider about professional morality as a set of ideals and values, ideas about what should be, ethical principles and norms of behavior that correspond to the essence of the profession and ensure the proper nature of relationships between people in the process of professional activity. Professional ethics, at the same time, is the moral self-awareness of a professional group, its psychology and ideology.

Psychodynamic approach (psychodynamic approach) - an approach to social work based on the basic tenets of psychoanalysis.

Psychosocial work is a direction in social work that pays special attention to the psychological aspects of the client's difficult life situation. In psychosocial work in Russia, special attention is paid to the psychological aspects of adaptation of a social service client to changed conditions and difficult life situations.

Psychosocial work is carried out in two forms: individual (with a child, with a disabled person, with an unemployed person, with persons with deviant behavior, with convicts, with a victim of violence) and group (with a family, in a group of anonymous alcoholics, etc.). Individual psychosocial work has become widespread with the development of telephone counseling.

Resident social work is carried out in those institutions where people live on a permanent basis.

A residential setting has many purposes: providing an alternative to home, therapy, temporary shelter, diagnosis and evaluation, or a combination of these purposes. From workhouses to orphanages, from asylums to prisons, resident social work in different variations has been around for a long time. In general terms, some types of housing provision for many social work clients have been institutionalized in recent decades, and some have undergone changes, but all types have been widely studied over the past decade. Lately }