Not always the best profitable companies pay the most taxes. In Russia, however, this unspoken principle is observed. But in less profitable industries, the level of the tax burden sometimes turns out to be even higher than the amount of money that the company can afford to distribute among owners or retain as retained earnings. Therefore, before starting a business in a particular area, it is useful to find out what part of your earnings will inevitably have to be given to the fiscal authorities. The data collected by Expert magazine will help clarify the situation.

Oil refining and banks

First of all, the prevailing role in Russian economy companies in the oil and gas industry. Total annual profit is over 2.5 trillion. rubles, taxes - more than 600 billion rubles. Against this background, the performance of firms engaged in other activities looks barely noticeable. And if, looking at the general graph, it is still possible to understand which industries, besides the oil industry, are in the top 5, then it turns out to be impossible to draw more detailed conclusions - the shares of industries in both received income and transferred taxes turn out to be too microscopic .

Second place - both in terms of earnings and in terms of contributions to the budget - is firmly occupied by banks. Their total annual earnings in Russia are comparable to tax payments from the oil and gas industry. As for the fees of credit institutions, the Russian treasury is annually replenished with approximately 200 billion rubles. Despite the fact that the country will in the near future continue its policy of consolidating the industry and purging it of weak players, it cannot be unequivocally concluded that in past years banks suffered from excess competition. High incomes are further evidence of this.

Transport, chemistry, metals

In addition to the oil industry and banks, the top 5 profitable industries also include: transport, chemical and petrochemical industries, as well as mechanical engineering. Between the three of them, they bring business owners about 800 billion rubles, and tax payments for the same period amount to approximately 250 billion rubles.

If we exclude the oil and gas industry from the illustration, it becomes possible to consider several more industries that are outside the first five lines. Thus, sixth, seventh and eighth places are occupied by telecommunications, respectively. retail and non-ferrous metallurgy. The profits of telecom operators and Internet providers exceed 160 billion rubles, retailers and non-ferrous metals businessmen - 100 billion rubles a year.

Diversified holdings

True, ranking by the amount of fees paid pushes the non-ferrous metallurgy down a few more lines - as it turns out, companies in several industries bear a greater tax burden. For example, ferrous metallurgy, the profit of which turns out to be approximately equal to the taxes paid. And diversified holdings and the electric power industry are forced to pay significantly more money to the treasury than they keep for themselves in the form of dividends and retained earnings.

Once upon a time, the younger generation was taught: “All works are good - choose according to your taste.” Many people have not yet gotten rid of the idea of ​​equality of occupations. The best professions are often determined based on a direct survey of the population, although the labor market has long been the subject of special research. For example, the American magazine U.S. News & World Report’s regularly compiles lists the best professions, focusing on an integral indicator, including the prospects of the profession (predicted demand for it), the feeling of satisfaction it brings, the ease/difficulty of mastering it, prestige and, of course, the income received. Many people would like to become a movie star or an astronaut, but these are hardly professions that the average person can realistically master. The choice comes from mass, publicly available occupations, the owners of which have reason to be satisfied with their chosen career.

To start a conversation about the professions of the near future, let's take U.S. News & World Report's 2009 list as a basis. Of course, it differs from the one that could be compiled for Russia. But most positions no longer look exotic; economically the world is becoming more and more united. We think the prospects for this labor market will be of interest to our readers.

ENGINEER

In a high-tech society, engineers are increasingly in demand. With an average income of $80,300 per year for an American engineer, the job prospects look good. The only people to be wary of are India and China, where thousands of qualified engineers are willing to work for a fraction of what their colleagues in the world earn. developed countries. But while Asian talent will increase competition in the private sector, the public sector remains stable. (But in Russia, as a result of the collapse of the system of special and higher technical education The shortage of engineers has to be replenished by inviting specialists from other countries).

A promising direction is energy efficiency. The main areas are building materials, heating systems, transport. In the US, the transition from gasoline to hydrogen is expected to create 675,000 jobs over the next 25 years. Hyundai has already announced the release of a hydrogen-powered car in 2012.

GENETIC CONSULTANT

Typically, genetic counseling is ordered by expectant parents to ensure that the birth of a child does not involve unforeseen risks. However, genetic counselors deal with the full range of problems related to the likelihood of developing a hereditary disease. Both doctors and holders of biology degrees come into this profession. Their work is free from the responsibility that the attending physician has to take on. The final decision on family planning is made by future parents; the consultant’s task is to convey to clients medical information that is not always clear to them and help them choose the right strategy. 90 percent of genetic counselors in the United States are satisfied with their work. In America, the right to it is given by a master's degree in one of the accredited programs and passing an exam in the American Society of Genetic Counseling (American Board of Genetic Counseling). The average salary is $67,000 per year.

PRIEST

In the USA, representatives of this profession always find work and do not complain about the lack of respect for their work. In Russia, the path of a priest seems even more promising, because the state supports a course towards the revival of spirituality.

There will always be critical moments in our lives - the birth of a child, marriage, personal crises, and finally death... Millions of people in such situations need the support of a priest. Strictly speaking, this is not work - this is life. People may need the help of a clergyman at any time of the day or night, and his duty is to give them this time without reserve. It is believed that a successful priest is an inspired speaker, but in reality it is much more important to be an inspired person who encourages people to discover best sides their nature. The “earthly” side of church service, living conditions vary depending on the confession, place of service, etc. If you are seriously thinking about such a vocation, it is better to ask for advice from a priest who inspires your trust. It seems that it is priests who are least likely to change their once chosen path.

MEDICAL EQUIPMENT SPECIALIST

Demand for Service Technicians electronic devices for hospitals in the United States will not soon be satisfied. The technician not only repairs these devices: he installs them, configures them, and teaches doctors how to use the new equipment. He is in charge of a variety of equipment: from defibrillators and laser scalpels to tomographs. You need to understand both the hardware and software product.

The advantages of the profession are quick learning (training usually takes two years) and a labor market that does not know recessions. People will always be treated, and it is unlikely that such a specialist will ever hear the word “reduction.” Disadvantages - it is a stressful job. You can be called to the hospital at any time. And you can leave only when the threat to the patient’s life has passed. And if the “artificial lungs” fail during surgery, you will have to fix the problem. And fast. The average technician with 8 years of experience in an American hospital makes $49,000 per year. Specialists hired by an equipment manufacturer earn significantly more - up to $90,000. If we transfer this work to Russian realities, the difference can be significant - approximately the same as between district hospital and the interiors in which Dr. House and his retinue make their diagnoses. And yet nothing will stop progress; the need for such specialists will be increasingly felt in our country.

TEACHER-METHODIST

This specialty will always be in demand in America. No politician running for office would dare demand cuts to schools. In absolute terms and as a percentage of GDP, the United States now spends more on its school system than any other G8 country. Yet American students show very average results compared to their peers from other countries, so the issue of the effectiveness of school education is acute.

The responsibilities of the methodologist include reviewing textbooks, developing programs, and conducting classes with teachers. He does not experience the stress and strain familiar to school teachers. The annual income is not so high (on average $55,000), but it is considered very stable. In Russia, methodologists and instructors in information technology are especially in demand.

FUNDRAISING SPECIALIST

One of the professions that is far from Russian realities is a specialist in fundraising, collecting money for charitable purposes. In our country, activities of this kind are still very limited by a wary attitude towards any “acceptance of money from the population.” But the situation is changing quickly; quite a few fundraisers are already successfully operating via the Internet. Even in a weak economy (or because of it?), employment experts in the United States agree that more and more fundraisers will be hired.

LITERATOR/SPEECHWRITER

The demand for people who can competently, beautifully and logically formulate other people's thoughts - ranging from a speech at a birthday party to a book - is growing. Certainly, moral satisfaction this activity is not profitable, especially for people with talent and ambition. But it gives a wealth of experience based on meetings with the most different people. And also brings money. In the USA, an experienced “ghostwriter” earns $55,000 a year. The amount may turn out to be more - depending on your luck with the customer...

AUDIOLOGIST

Deals with hearing disorders - diagnosis, treatment and correction (selection of hearing aids and their adjustment). One of the medical specialties driven by increased life expectancy. In the United States, growing demand for it is driven by the aging baby boomer generation. By the way, the most famous American with a hearing aid is Bill Clinton.

Russian companies They are looking for people with higher education (“preferably medical, psychological or pedagogical”) for the position of audiologists. At the same time, part of the salary is a percentage of sales of hearing aids. In the USA they emphasize that the best prospects open up for holders of an Au.D degree. (Doctor of Audiology), the path to which takes 8 long years. It seems that in our country this is a profession at the intersection of medicine and sales, while in the Americans an audiologist is a real doctor. And while the average American audiologist earns $62,000 a year, a PhD holder can expect to earn $85,000 or more.

FIREFIGHTER

In the United States, the popularity of firefighters grew after September 11, 2001. In terms of prestige, their work is now second only to that of a scientist and doctor, but does not require higher education: firefighters are trained in just two years. And in Russia, this profession is of some interest - firefighters have high salaries by Russian standards, plus benefits. However, the conditions lung labor and cannot be called safe. It is not for nothing that doctors point out that the percentage of cardiovascular diseases among representatives of this profession is above average. However, firefighters have a very high level of job satisfaction - only priests are higher (data from surveys by the National Opinion Research Center).

STATE EMPLOYEE

Private company may go bankrupt and go out of business, but the state never will. At worst, it will raise taxes or print more money. The path is for those who value reliability, consistency and bonuses such as paid ballots, holidays “under the Labor Code”, etc. And although at present there are fewer and fewer people willing to devote government career all my life, this work is a good school and a launching pad for a career in business. A typical American official (career experience of 8 years) earns $58,000 a year. How much does ours have? Any number will cause controversy, so we won’t even try to calculate it.

STYLIST/COSMETOLOGIST

Research has repeatedly placed the profession of a stylist/cosmetologist in first place in terms of the sense of satisfaction that the work brings. A stylist/cosmetologist feels like a creator several times a day. And he constantly feels “advanced” in matters of fashion. Another advantage is the widest circle of acquaintances. Alas, the stylist spends almost the entire day on his feet (an occupational disease is varicose veins), and one can count on a decent income only after the circle has formed regular customers. According to official data, the annual salary of a stylist in the United States is less than the national average - $33,000 (excluding tips and the fact that, after gaining experience and gaining a clientele, a stylist often begins to work for himself). For this reason, it is difficult to estimate the income of many homeworkers in Russia. Only one thing is known for sure: a doctor, undertaker and hairdresser will never be left without work.

HEALTH EXPERT

The high demand for this profession is associated with healthcare reform in the United States. So far, society and the government have more questions than answers. Should all insured people receive the same coverage, or can those who pay more choose more expensive treatments? If 47 million Americans get health insurance for the first time in their lives, will that create months-long waiting lists at doctor's offices? Health experts are looking for answers to such questions. Their services are needed by the state, non-profit organizations, the medical industry, and insurance companies. The work of experts is paid very highly: from $59,000 to $125,000. In Russia promising directions Occupational safety and protection of reproductive health of citizens are considered. The demand for child health specialists will increase.

UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATOR

All over the world, teaching salaries at universities are being reduced, they are made part-time or temporary, and “teachers” are deprived of their former benefits. But administrative positions in universities remain untouchable, and the average salary of an administrator in an American college remains firmly at $61,000 per year.

It is believed that competition in this field is less fierce than in the academic environment. Administrators have high expectations. The need to survive forces educational institutions look for more efficient control schemes. Russia has yet to build new system university management. And it is not always possible to predict what challenges you will face. In particular, in Russia they began to open programs for teachers and administrators of higher education on conflict management in a multi-ethnic student environment.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

He not only creates flower beds and designs alpine slides on the estates of the rich, as is commonly believed. In fact, a landscape architect can participate in transforming a former industrial area into a harmonious urban environment. You cannot do without it when improving streets and roads, restoring historical landscapes and protected areas. It is also in demand in ecological construction, for example, when creating the now fashionable “green roofs”, which are planted with plants.

As we wrote quite recently (see “LB”, September 2009, “Key to the Start”), there is no economic crisis unable to change the deep attitudes of modern consciousness. One of the basic values ​​of our civilization is ecology, so landscape architecture will be in demand. In the US, an experienced specialist earns an average of $62,000 per year. In Russia, the demand for conventional landscape design is still growing rapidly.

LIBRARIAN

A modern librarian is a specialist in “query language” armed with computer knowledge, a navigator in the ocean of information and a skilled cataloguer. Moreover, in the USA, a variety of organizations are now acquiring their own libraries (often special) and need librarians (no less special): colleges, law firms, hospitals, legislative bodies, large companies, non-profit organizations etc. New jobs arise there, while in public and school libraries familiar to this specialty, new vacancies rarely open. The average annual salary of a librarian in the United States reaches $47,000. In Russia, work with catalogs and databases has not yet developed into a separate service.

SECURITY SYSTEMS SPECIALIST

Unfortunately, the demand for this profession suggests that the world is not becoming calmer. Installation and maintenance of security systems are becoming more complicated. A professional must understand video surveillance and access control systems, alarms, modern locks and communication devices. There are no educational institutions in this field; specialists are trained on the job over several months. It is clear that success awaits a person with “clever hands.” In the United States, the average salary for specialists in this profile is $43,600.

BUSINESS CONSULTANT

He appears when no one is looking for him, begins to answer a question that was not asked to him, and expects payment for an answer that is already known without him. There is some truth in this joke: like it or not, business consulting is in demand. And it depends on the professionalism of the consultant whether they will tell jokes about him or, on the contrary, will remember him with gratitude. One of the features of a career is its rapid rise. A recent university graduate advises corporate bosses, and they listen to him. This seems almost like a miracle if you don’t know that consulting companies select employees based on almost the only criterion - the ability to be persuasive. And the young talent will be provided with all the necessary information by well-informed employees, whom customers do not see. Salaries in business consulting are very high: they start in the six figures and reach maximum values ​​by the age of 40... More precisely, the average salary of a specialist with 8 years of experience is $138,000.

MEDIATOR

This is a mediator, a dispute resolution specialist who knows how to manage conflict while respecting the interests of both parties. Mediation is an interdisciplinary business science that requires knowledge of economics, law, psychology and information theory. The mediator does not decide who is right and who is wrong - he negotiates, stops the aggression of the participants, identifies on the basis of which a compromise can be formed, and upon reaching an agreement, controls the acceptance of obligations by the parties. In times of economic downturn, mediators are hired as a low-cost alternative to lawyers. In the United States, he is often invited by couples starting divorce proceedings. Average annual income is $59,700.

PROFESSIONS RELATED TO MEDICINE

Their demand is growing due to the aging of society against the backdrop of increased living standards. Of course, there will always be a doctor at the center of the health industry, but in the US, getting an MD is very difficult and very expensive. There are diplomas that can be obtained at a lower cost. A steady demand is predicted for highly qualified nurses (average annual salary - $60,200), occupational therapists ($63,800), physiotherapists ($70,200), and paramedics ($86,200).

Let's also call optometrists (diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases, selection of glasses and contact lenses) and pharmacists. The average annual income in these two professions is the same - $103,000.

ELECTED OFFICERS

It is believed that for American officials their work brings considerable moral satisfaction. What about material things? Its size varies significantly - from $0 (member of the city council) to $400,000 (US President). Due to the well-known Russian specifics, we won’t even talk about how much richer opportunities such a career provides in our country.

URBAN PLANNER

The development of urban areas requires specialists working at the intersection of architecture, construction, economics, sociology and regional policy. The planner sees the future of an area or city. The scale of work is no less than a microdistrict. Promising varieties of this work are traffic planning and planning for corporations. In the US, the average salary for a planner is $62,500.

SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGIST

The position of educational psychologist appeared in Russian schools about 10 years ago, and has now become common. Some schools employ several specialists. Their responsibilities include psychological diagnostics, correctional classes, and counseling parents and teachers. The problems faced by child psychologists are common to schools all over the world: from autism and aggression to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The need for psychologists will grow. In the USA, their work is well paid: $60,700 per year.

And don't forget about the holidays!

SYSTEMS ANALYST

Optimization and automation of the company’s business processes by improving the architecture computer networks remains an attractive and well-paid occupation. The plus is the rapid growth of qualifications, the minus is frequent travel, because the company needs such a specialist only for the duration of the planned modernization. Educational establishments Russia is already training specialists in this field. In the US, the average annual salary for an experienced analyst is $83,900.

USABILITY SPECIALIST

Preoccupied with the ergonomics of the devices used. Most often it finds application in the development of electronics, communications, and user interfaces. Responsibilities include interviewing potential users, identifying their needs and making recommendations to developers. From the outside looking in, it's an enviable job. Who else gets paid to play with new gadgets all day long or to figure out what the perfect sneakers are? They come to this profession from different fields - from psychology and design to computer science. In the US, an experienced usability specialist earns $96,200 per year.

VET

Veterinarians' incomes are rising. Let's clarify: the income of veterinarians treating small animals. In difficult times, people need peace of mind - and for many, the loyal gaze of a pet provides it. Getting your degree and license takes years of hard work, but there is no shortage of people interested in becoming veterinarians. Is it because they experience less stress than “human” doctors? An interesting detail: in the USA, 80% of future veterinarians are girls (the average salary in the industry is $79,800 per year).

INSTEAD OF CONCLUSION

Even a quick glance at this list shows that more than half of it consists of professions associated with ideas about a decent standard of living. No matter how the economic situation changes, a modern person strives to look good, wants his children to be taught by competent specialists, and to receive professional care in his old age. The second large group of top jobs are those driven by technological innovation, from security systems to business schemes. It is obvious that every year technological growth will increase the division of labor and will cause the emergence of new engineering and management specialties.

10 MOST PROMISING AREAS OF ACTIVITY, or Who is good to be in Rus'?

Western experts' forecasts give an idea of ​​what professions will soon be in demand in the world. What awaits the domestic labor market? What types of activities, according to our HR specialists, should we focus on in Russia?

1. MEDICINE

Medical specialists will always be in demand. Anna Krylova, head of the personnel selection group at the UNIT HR Center, calls pharmaceuticals and medicine one of the fastest growing and most promising industries in Russia.

2. PSYCHOLOGY

According to the forecasts of Svetlana Getmanova, a specialist at the Heidelberg CIS company, in the next 5-10 years, the profession of a psychologist will become one of the most popular in our country: “Sooner or later we will begin to feel more relaxed about going to a specialist for advice regarding our problems. And finally, let’s stop confusing a psychologist with a psychiatrist.”

3. TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS

Our life is getting faster and faster, it is unlikely that anyone will dispute this. Naturally, in an accelerating world, specialists in the field of transport will be in demand. To get everything done, you need to move quickly.

4. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

The same reasoning is true in relation to computer, Internet technologies and telecommunications, that is, to areas where we are talking about the speed of transmission and reception of information. Today, the work of virtually any company is impossible without IT specialists. And computer scientists will continue to be held in high esteem among us - at least in the next decade. Although in developed countries their functions are transferred to “cheaper” China and India. In Europe and the USA, for example, hardly anyone would consider a career as a programmer promising. “But in Russia they still have room to expand: we have a large country, we need to get to every village,” says Svetlana Getmanova.

5. MANAGEMENT

Specialist in the field of social management and mass communications, business coach Oksana Silantyeva believes that in the next decade in Russia there will be an increased demand for high-level professional managers. Such a specialist must not only be a manager, but also have a good understanding of the area in which his work is related.

6. NANOTECHNOLOGY

All interviewed personnel officers are confident in the future of professions related to nanotechnology. After all, the application is inexhaustible: mechanical engineering, Computer techologies, food industry, medicine. Nanotechnology is used in the production of computer hard drives, dressing materials, components of internal combustion engines, long-life tennis balls, tools for cutting metals, antistatic coatings for sensitive electronic equipment... The list goes on. And the country that has made a breakthrough in this area is predicted to become a world leader. It is clear that attempts will be made, and no matter how much money you allocate from the budget for this, no matter how effective super managers you entrust this matter with, you cannot do it without specialists. As, indeed, at all times.

7. BIOTECHNOLOGY

Anna Krylova advises paying serious attention to biotechnology. Such specialists are already used in a variety of fields - from medicine and pharmacology to mining industry And Agriculture.

8. AGRICULTURE, FOOD PRODUCTION

“Russian agriculture is now in a state of desolation,” regrets Svetlana Getmanova. “But it’s impossible to imagine that this will go on forever.” In the near future, we can predict the demand for qualified specialists in agriculture and food production.” And the Russian government puts this sector of the economy as a priority.

9. ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES

“The idea of ​​responsible consumption and production, ecology is just beginning its journey in Russia,” says Vladimir Vainer, director of the Gran Prix Advertising Research Center. “We will have to move from declarations to real programs.” If not Social responsibility business, then the growing attention of the state to the protection environment will make environmental specialists in demand in Russia.

10. WORKING PROFESSIONS

Stanislav Kulikov, CEO recruiting company PetroStimul is convinced that blue-collar professions will soon be among the most in demand in Russia. At some enterprises, management is already ready to pay skilled workers a salary comparable to the salary of a middle manager. And the prestige of blue-collar professions began to slowly rise.

FINALLY

And about professions that are in demand at all times. Business consultant Pavel Ponomarev reminds: these can safely include hairdressers, civil servants, builders, entertainment industry workers, Catering and (not by night be remembered) funeral homes.

Mikhail Solomatin, Irina Sinyatkina

In March 2013, the Ministry economic development Forecast of long-term socio-economic development was presented to Russia Russian Federation for the period up to 2030

The Forecast, which is a system of scientifically based ideas about the directions and results of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the forecast period, identifies the leading sectors and branches of the economy that are priorities for the development of the Russian Federation in the coming decades.

The leading sectors of the economy are: the innovation sector, the oil and gas sector, the raw materials sector, transport, wholesale and retail trade.

Structural changes in the economy and modernization of leading sectors will need to be ensured by a full range of measures economic policy, using extensive government support measures.

The package was also allocated key projects, the implementation of which will have a significant positive effect on one or another sector of the economy. They will be implemented both with the help of budget funds and by attracting private investment. Mention should be made of the development of transport infrastructure (modernization of the Moscow transport hub, construction of airports as part of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, construction of the Moscow-Kazan-Ekaterinburg high-speed highway), the development of science and high-tech industries (space technologies, restoration of the production of rare earth elements, development of structural and functional composite materials new generation, power electrical engineering and power engineering, aviation, shipbuilding, pharmaceuticals), regional projects for the development of the Far East, the North Caucasus District. The largest amount of funds is expected to be spent on projects in the field of transport infrastructure development (2.5 trillion rubles or 39% of expenditures on priority projects). Expenditures on projects in the field of development of high-tech industries for 2013–2020 will amount to 145 billion rubles (2.3% of expenses on priority projects). Projects in the field of science for 2013—2020. are estimated at 789 billion rubles or 12.4% of expenditures on priority projects.

In the field of transport, accessibility and quality will be ensured transport services for all segments of the population in accordance with social standards that guarantee the possibility of movement throughout the country; a dedicated network of high-speed railway lines and high-speed railways will be formed; constant year-round communication of the highway network of all rural settlements with development prospects will be ensured, an effective flexible state tariff policy will ensure the affordability of transport services for all segments of the population in accordance with social standards. In terms of air transport development, it is planned to develop regional and local aviation, modernize the Moscow aviation hub, and update the aircraft fleet.

Stimulation scientific research and development will be carried out, among other things, through “compulsion to innovation” large companies with government participation and their development of innovative development programs. As a result, technological platforms will be formed, i.e. unification of representatives of the state, business, science and education around a common vision of scientific and technological development and common approaches to the development of appropriate technologies. Their activities will contribute to the effective commercialization of the accumulated scientific and technical resources, which will improve the technological level Russian business and, accordingly, its competitiveness, including in foreign markets. In a number of areas, as a result of the activities of technology platforms, it is planned to increase by 2-3 times the share of domestic products in world markets by 2020. On regional level projects of innovation centers will be implemented, as well as innovation territorial clusters, including Skolkovo and science cities near Moscow.

Priority directions developments in the field of information technology will include the formation of a modern information and telecommunications infrastructure; ensuring a high level of its accessibility, providing quality services based on it; development of the economy of the Russian Federation based on the use of information technologies; improving the quality of education, medical care, science, social protection population, promoting the development of culture and means mass media based on information and communication technologies; ensuring competitiveness and technological development of information and communication technologies; increasing efficiency government controlled and local self-government, interaction of civil society and business with authorities state power, including countering the use of information and telecommunication technologies to threaten the national interests of Russia. The growth of the information technology market will be facilitated by the creation of high-tech technology parks in the Russian Federation, the introduction of supercomputers and grid technologies; development of cloud computing, provision of public services electronic.

The introduction of modern electronic technologies in education, facilitating access to quality training programs in the field of information technology, as well as the development of programs to attract qualified specialists from abroad will increase the number of qualified personnel working in the IT industry. Implementation the above decisions and others necessary measures may allow IT professions to enter the top five most popular professions in Russia by 2018. It is planned to double the number of employees in the information technology sector.

Increasing the competitiveness of key industries is also one of the key objectives. The priority directions for the development of the oil and gas complex are stimulating the introduction of promising production technologies, the formation and development of new major centers oil production and related infrastructure.

In 2016-2018 It is planned to commission new large fields, such as Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoye, Russkoye, Vostochno-Messoyakhskoye, Kuyumbinskoye, Zapadno-Messoyakhskoye, Tagulskoye.

It is planned to implement the second stage of construction of the ESPO oil pipeline and complete the construction of the BTS-2 oil pipeline. This will optimize oil export supplies by unloading less efficient destinations and reduce transit risks.

The commissioning of new fields will make it possible to increase the total volume of gas production in the coming years. In the geography of gas production, the role of Western Siberia will remain (due to the development of deeper productive horizons and, first of all, the Nadym-Purtaz region, where the main fields being developed and commissioned in the near future are concentrated). Expansion of gas production is planned due to the regions of Eastern Siberia and the Far East, fields of the Yamal Peninsula, Ob and Taz bays and other fields of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk shelf. The increase in gas production by 2030 will be 73–254 billion cubic meters. m to the level of 2011, depending on the development option.

The mechanical engineering complex is one of the key sectors of the economy, the level of development of which largely determines the state of the economic potential of the Russian Federation. It is assumed that production machine-building complex in 2030, relative to the 2011 level, will increase by more than 3.2 times.

For example, in the field of aircraft manufacturing it is planned to carry out the following major activities:

Improve the SSJ-100 aircraft and expand its sales in the domestic and global markets, implement military transport aviation projects (including An-70, An-124, Il-76), develop and launch the MS-21 mainline aircraft, new and modernized models of military aircraft;

Increase sales volumes of mass-produced civil and military helicopters, as well as launch production of helicopters that are in the final stages of creation or modernization (Mi-38, Ka-62, Mi-26T2, Ka-226T and others);

Increase the competitiveness of manufactured products;

Improve the production and technical potential of aviation industry enterprises by implementing projects for the technical re-equipment of existing and creation of new facilities (it is expected that by 2025 the profitability of sales of aircraft will reach about 11%, helicopters - 8%).

It is expected that in the period until 2020, the average annual growth rate of production of radio-electronic complex products will be about 107%; by 2030, relative to the level of 2011, the volume of production will increase more than 5 times. It is expected that the share of domestic radio-electronic products in the domestic market will increase to 40%, including in connection with the development of new market areas of radio-electronic products in the field of radio frequency identification, coordinate-time support, digital television, telecommunications and technological equipment, industrial electronics and other areas.

In the long term, it is assumed that the development of ferrous metallurgy will be characterized by the involvement in the development of deposits, primarily in Siberia and the Far East; elimination of inefficient open-hearth steel production by 2020; increasing the volume of production of highly processed products, creating new types of them; increasing production volumes of scarce types of products; coated metal, stainless steel, advanced types of rolled and cast steel, including rolled rails and components for railway rolling stock; improving the quality and competitiveness of metal products.

In the non-ferrous metallurgy, the implementation of large investment projects is planned for the period until 2030:

Construction of Boguchansky and Taishet aluminum smelters with a capacity of 600 and 750 thousand tons of aluminum, respectively;

Modernization of existing facilities with repurposing of plants located in the European part;

The development of new, small Ural deposits and copper deposits in Kazakhstan will improve the supply of raw materials, which will allow maintaining annual production volumes of refined copper with a slight increase on average of 3% over the period before the commissioning of the Udokan facilities;

Construction of new zinc plants.

Implementation of promising innovative projects in the chemical and petrochemical industries will allow us to enter the production of new types of products, which will create conditions for effective import substitution and reducing the dependence of the domestic market on the influence of foreign companies for a number of goods (plastics, chemical fibers and threads, paints and varnishes, industrial and household products from plastics, containers and packaging made of polymer materials).

Long term scenario lung development industry provides for a qualitative change in the structure of textile production based on the introduction of new production facilities for synthetic fibers and threads (primarily in Ivanovo region), flax fibers (as a result of the implementation of pilot and other projects), reorientation towards the production of technical textiles (including nonwovens), creation of new types of woolen fabrics based on the introduction of innovative developments. Domestic cotton industry will survive as an industry to a greater extent, since it is fundamental in textile industry and is of great importance for the security of the country.

Based on the economic development prospects outlined in the Forecast of Long-Term Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation, it can be assumed that in the domestic labor market in the coming decades there will be a great demand for specialists in the field of mechanical engineering, information technology, construction, transport, oil and gas refining. Everyone will be needed - both engineers and highly qualified workers. The development of the innovation sector will entail the revival of domestic science, making the profession of a scientist highly paid and prestigious.

Every aspiring businessman thinks about how best to optimize his income.

After all, no one will ever agree to spend their time and money on a project that is obviously unpromising.

What areas of entrepreneurship are most relevant and profitable today always remain on the agenda.

What you need to know before opening

Factors you should know before starting your own business:

1. Compose detailed plan expenses that will have to cover the initial cash investment.
2. Take into account the possibility of competition. For example, the smaller the settlement, the less competition, but at the same time, the smaller the possible sales volume.
3. Choose the type of business in which the entrepreneur is most knowledgeable.

Before choosing an area of ​​future activity, it is worth highlighting the key factors that determine its profitability:

• Time interval for returning initially invested Money.
• The chosen area of ​​business must necessarily be characterized by great demand from consumers.
• Acceptable level of profitability. Profitability should increase in parallel with the volume of goods or services sold.
• Low price threshold at which the purchase of materials and raw materials contribute to increasing profitability.
• Positive return on assets.

To implement a small business, the minimum required labor resources and cash. For example, you can gather your friends and start cleaning apartments and making repairs. You can also open an inexpensive fast food restaurant, kiosk or bar.

Not long ago, network marketing was in demand, operating on the principle of selling a product or service directly to the consumer, bypassing intermediaries, which significantly reduced costs and increased profits.

A striking example network marketing is the space company Oriflame.

Most profitable small business 2016

The overwhelming number of professional analysts agree that the most profitable and cost-effective way business is construction, consumption and catering.

The most promising features have repair, installation and construction works. Profitability within such a business can reach 100 percent of the cost.

1. Beauty and health. Beauty services have always been an equally profitable area of ​​business. Every person wants to be not just healthy, but also beautiful. Today, the business of providing beauty services is in demand and highly paid. People of all financial abilities and ages will always spend money to maintain their health and beauty. This is why massage parlors and hairdressers are so popular.
2. Construction sector. As mentioned above, one of the most profitable types of business in Russia is construction and installation work. This is explained primarily by the growth of the real estate market and the coverage of a wide range of activities. One of the advantages of this type entrepreneurial activity is the minimum monetary threshold. For example, if funds to open construction company is not enough, then you can form a team of professionals and gradually expand the list of services it provides. If you have significant funds, you can safely build real estate.
3. Trade in food products. No less popular and profitable is the satisfaction of primary human needs - nutrition. It is best to start trading in a residential area where there are no retail outlets capable of having any significant competitive impact. If there are no large investment opportunities, you can open a small stall, gradually expanding the assortment and, as a result, sales volume. Once you have collected enough money, you can safely open grocery store or a small restaurant. The most important thing in this business area is the correct selection of suppliers.

Women are trying more and more to realize themselves in entrepreneurial activity and they are doing well at it. become successful. Where to start and which areas to choose?

Read about how to open your own cafe. How to choose a location and what documents you need to have.

If you have experience working with children and you like it, you can open a private kindergarten. Iui l detailed information about the nuances of business and how much you can earn.

Top 20 most promising areas

In the overwhelming majority of cases, medium and small businesses form the basis of the entire state economy.

The reason for this is low costs and considerable profits.

True, the success of an entrepreneur largely depends on his preparedness and the area of ​​​​business in which he decided to act.

Let's highlight the top most profitable businesses:

1. Private audit companies. The average rate of return is 16.5 percent.
2. Chiropractors. Profitability at 15.3 percent.
3. Clinics (specialized). Profitability within 15 percent.
4. Services of professional accountants. The average yield is 14.9 percent.
5. Private dental clinics. The yield is within 14.7 percent.
6. Tax calculations. Profitability up to 14.7 percent.
7. Dentist-orthodontist. The services of these specialists provide a profitability of 14.4 percent.
8. The layer's services. The average yield hovers at 13.4 percent.
9. Lending individuals. The average profitability is 13.3 percent.
10. Financial management (private services). Yield up to 12.2 percent.
11. Drilling gas and oil wells. The profitability rate is 12 percent.
12. Glass selection specialists. The yield level is within 11.5 percent.
13. Renting housing and unnecessary premises. The average profit margin is 11.3 percent.
14. Real estate valuation. The yield is around 11.3 percent.
15. Renting storage rooms or small warehouses. Profit up to 11 percent.
16. Insurance agencies. The yield level is within 11 percent.
17. Credit intermediaries. Profit up to 10.7 percent.
18. Consultants for investment projects. The yield is around 10.7 percent.
19. Audiologists and speech therapists. The profitability rate is within 10.6 percent.
20. Private therapist services. Profit up to 10.4 percent.

No less profitable is the creation of small child care institutions. As a result of the current shortage of places in many state kindergartens, small development groups, children's clubs and private kindergartens are in great demand.

What type of business is the most profitable?

In the realities of today market economy– advertising is what is most relevant.

An example of a small business - your own bakery

To begin with, you can limit yourself to the services of posting advertisements, creating various booklets and business cards, etc. Everything directly depends on the initial financial capabilities of the entrepreneur.

There are other most profitable types business. An equally relevant type of business, and at all times, is the sale of services and consumer goods. People will always need food, clothing and various services entertainment. True, it is worth remembering that the higher the popularity of the chosen area of ​​​​business, the higher the competition will be and, as a result, the greater the difficulties in increasing turnover.

Conclusion

If you don’t want to come up with something new and creative, you can always pay attention to the simplest areas of small business. In particular:

• Growing products with their subsequent sale in markets or large retail chains;
• Creation of exclusive dishes and drinks that can be sold through your own online store. Similar products can also be supplied to various offices and restaurants as business lunches.

True, it is worth remembering that the simpler the chosen business, the less profit they bring. In order to determine for yourself the most acceptable type of business (in terms of profitability and profitability), and in the future open your own successful business project, which is guaranteed to generate profit for short term time, everything needs to be carefully thought out and calculated.

Not all entrepreneurs consider it necessary to draw up a business plan. But in vain. Planning helps you anticipate and prevent mistakes when starting a business. Read on our website.

Read about what naming is and how to name your company.

Video on the topic

Managers are traditionally considered to be the leaders in terms of salary in Russia. According to the recruiting portal Superjob, offers for top managers - directors of organizations and heads of main business areas - start from 220-250 thousand rubles.

The upper limit is usually hidden behind the wording “by agreement.” This means that the salary depends on the qualifications of the applicant and will be supplemented by a bonus system for achieving certain results.

In some positions, managers' earnings are close to a million rubles.

In second place are highly qualified specialists in the IT field. Recruiters claim that this direction is more promising. Development Specialist mobile applications, who has proven experience, can already after 3-4 years of work in the industry qualify for a salary that a manager will reach in 10-12 years.

Also among the highest paid specialists are airline employees. Managers (for example, technical director) are offered from 300 thousand rubles, to the pilot-in-command - from 350 to 470 thousand rubles and more, to the head of the flight attendant service - from 150 thousand rubles. In addition, airlines typically pay employees annual bonuses based on performance.

Aeroflot recently introduced one-time payments for the employment of flight personnel: the aircraft commander receives 650 thousand rubles, the second pilot - 350 thousand rubles.

The highest paying vacancies of July in Moscow

1. Marketing Director/Head of Marketing Department pharmaceutical company- up to 300,000 rubles.
2. Financial director of a group of companies - from 260,000 to 300,000 rubles.
3. Director of Accounting, Reporting and Tax Planning - up to 230,000 rubles.
4. Head of the procurement department - from 200,000 to 350,000 rubles.
5. Director of External Logistics - from 200,000 to 300,000 rubles.
6. Lead Python / TeamLead developer - from 140,000 rubles.

Top 10 industries with the highest average earnings according to Rosstat

1. Financial and insurance - 68,593 rubles (the average salary of the highest paid workers in the industry is 253,668 rubles).
2. Mining - 66,973 rubles (197,326 rubles).
3. Fishing and fish farming - 64,425 rubles (266,058 rubles).
4. Activities in the field of information and communications - 57,601 rubles (207,307 rubles).
5. Scientific research and development - 57,516 rubles (176,438 rubles).
6. Professional scientific and technical activities - 56,250 rubles (199,302 rubles).
7. Production of coke and petroleum products; chemicals and chemical products; medicines and materials used for medical purposes - 53,341 rubles (183,803 rubles).
8. Repair and installation of machinery and equipment - 47,354 rubles (132,395 rubles).
9. Construction - 45,941 rubles (139,270 rubles).
10. Metallurgical production, finished metal products, except for machinery and equipment - 44,162 rubles (116,307 rubles).

Who has the best prospects?

Good salaries can be earned by specialists who are not specialized (like pilots, for example) or who are not the most experienced (like managers with extensive experience).

Superjob analyzed employer proposals for employees with at least average qualifications and one to three years of work experience.

Here's what the top 10 professions with the fastest growing salaries look like.

1. Oracle Developer.
   Annual salary increase: 21%.
   Average earnings: 100,000–120,000 rubles.
2. Foreign exchange specialist.
   Annual salary increase: 20%.
   Average earnings: 55,000–70,000 rubles.
3. Chief designer.
   Annual salary increase: 19%.
   
4. Head of Software Testing Department.
   
   Average earnings: 120,000–165,000 rubles.
5. Lawyer in international law.
   Annual salary increase: 18%.
   Average earnings: 80,000–120,000 rubles.
6. Head of Internet projects.
   Annual salary increase: 17%.
   Average earnings: 100,000–150,000 rubles.
7. Java programmer.
   Annual salary increase: 14%.
   Average earnings: 100,000–130,000 rubles.
8. Tax lawyer.
   Annual salary increase: 13%.
   Average earnings: 70,000–110,000 rubles.
9. PHP programmer.
   Annual salary increase: 12%.
   Average earnings: 90,000–120,000 rubles.
10. Systems Analyst.
    Annual salary increase: 11%.
    Average earnings: 90,000–140,000 rubles.

As for the prospects, the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation found that the most in-demand employees today are qualified workers in metalworking and engineering production, high-level specialists from the fields of science, culture, construction, transport (in particular, pilots) and lawyers.