Annotation. This study aims to develop improvements transport logistics for the delivery of raw materials to an aluminum industry enterprise. The article examines the role, goals and objectives of transport logistics in ensuring the operation of enterprise logistics systems. Proposed new technology transportation of raw materials using our own train formations.

Keywords: railway transportation, optimization, transportation technology, transport logistics, transportation.

IN modern conditions there are no companies left that could conduct economic and production activities without using transport. Transport service industrial production is one of the primary tasks of the enterprise’s logistics system, which meets the needs for raw materials and goods in right time, to the right place and in the required quantity.

The transport system is the most important component economic activity among the elements of the enterprise logistics system. Logistics costs for transportation can reach up to 30-50% of total logistics costs.

The purpose of the study optimization stands for existing system transport logistics for the transportation of raw materials between UC RUSAL enterprises: the Severouralsk bauxite mine and the Bogoslovsky aluminum smelter.

Transport logistics is a field of logistics that includes transport enterprises that act as members of the processes of movement of goods, the goal of which is to achieve universal economic effect in the logistics chain. Transport is the main characteristic that influences the innovative and progressive development of the economy of enterprises and the country as a whole. The importance of transport increases with the creation and development of market economic relations, since in this case the emergence of local (regional) commodity markets occurs.

Reducing time and cost costs is main task transport in the logistics system.

To increase the efficiency of an enterprise's logistics system, it is necessary to use new transport and technological systems. A transport-technological system is a set of commercial, economic, technical and organizational solutions that maximize economic benefits with minimal costs when transporting material flows in the process of delivering goods to customers.

The main quality of transport logistics is ensuring the interconnection of the four elements of the logistics system: supply, production, transport and sales.

The objectives of transport logistics are:

• coordination and analysis of the economic interests of participants in the transportation process;
• application common systems to ensure the planning process and information support;
• control and provision of technical and technological interaction between transportation participants.

Transport logistics for the most efficient work selects the optimal mode of transport for a specific transportation. The cost, speed of delivery and safety of goods to the end consumer directly depend on the correct choice of mode of transport.

Carrying out an analysis of the functioning of transport is used to improve routes for the delivery of raw materials and goods, create transport schedules, identify the optimal combination of mode of transport and packaging, coordinate the distance and period of delivery of goods. Such research can help reduce transport costs by 10-15%.

To improve the quality and efficiency of transport logistics, extremely high-quality planning of the route network and best choice Vehicle. It does possible reduction transport logistics costs and time spent on delivery. Application of this approach in practice helps to increase the total revenue of the organization.

Basic production capacity UC RUSAL is located in Siberia, which gives the company two important advantages: access to renewable and environmentally friendly hydroelectric power and proximity to the most promising global market - China. In the context of the ongoing imbalance of supply and demand in the global primary aluminum market, RUSAL is actively optimizing own production with a focus on the Russian ore base (Severouralskoye and Timanskoye bauxite deposits). The volumes of bauxite ore production are given in table. 1.

Table 1

Growth in bauxite ore production by deposit

In general, the increase in bauxite ore production by 2021 will be 1,194 thousand tons or 21.6%.

In the Sverdlovsk gravitational range railway There are two large enterprises of the United Company "RUSAL" (hereinafter - RUSAL): the North-Ural bauxite mine (Boksity station) and the Bogoslovsky aluminum smelter (Klimki station).

The North Ural bauxite mine (hereinafter referred to as SUBR) and the Bogoslovsky aluminum smelter (hereinafter referred to as BAZ) were built as a single technological complex processing bauxite into alumina and further into aluminum. Transportation between SUBR and BAZ is part of the technological process. The production cycles of these enterprises are closely interconnected; delays in the delivery of bauxite have a negative impact on the cost of production.

RUSAL is working on import substitution for the supply of raw materials (bauxite) from abroad; the company’s production program until 2022 provides for an increase in the production of semi-finished products (alumina) and finished products(aluminum) from domestic raw materials. This will cause an increase in the volume of bauxite ore shipments from the Boksity station to the Klimki station to 30% compared to the 2018 level. The capacity of the Klimki station will be exhausted by the end of 2019 with an increase in the volume of bauxite ore transportation by 100 - 110 thousand tons.

Insufficient track development of the Klimki station (4 station tracks, the length of which is 44 - 46 conventional cars), the complex profile of the connection of the access track with the station tracks and the current technology for transferring cars from the access track to public tracks and back do not allow the delivery of bauxite ore by rail. with increasing volumes of its production.

As a solution to the issue, it is proposed to carry out the transportation of bauxite ore (which is essentially technological) with its own train formations, with the formation of loaded and empty trains on the access roads of RUSAL enterprises and passing through the Boksity and Klimki junction stations without stopping. Due to these measures, tracks at junction stations are freed up and it becomes possible to increase the volume of traffic without additional investments in station development.

The grounds for the new transportation organization system are:

• a sufficient level of track development of industrial stations of enterprises for the formation and disbandment of trains;
• transportation of bauxite ore using a permanent fleet of our own dump cars, formed into three turntables and undergoing regular routine repairs at the carriage depot of JSC Russian Railways;
• the ability to organize transportation according to strict schedule lines;
• location of serviced enterprises at neighboring stations, the distance between which is 39 km

Proposed new system The organization of bauxite transportation provides for the concentration of all acceptance and delivery operations directly on the access tracks of SUBR and BAZ, as well as the entry of its own train formations onto the public main tracks in communication between the Klimki and Bauxites stations using a diesel locomotive leased from Russian Railways.

This article briefly outlined the role, goals and objectives of transport logistics of the enterprise. Improving the transport logistics of an enterprise is one of the priorities for increasing profits. With an increase in the volume of transportation of raw materials to the BAZ with SUBR, problems will arise in the near future with the impossibility of ensuring the full volume declared for transportation due to the inefficiency of the old transportation scheme. As a result of the study, an improved scheme for transporting raw materials is proposed. Economic benefits new scheme are:

• in the possibility of developing additional volumes of cargo transportation by RUSAL without the need to invest in the development of Russian Railways stations Klimki and Boksity;
• in reducing the cost of transporting bauxite ore for Russian Railways and the cost of its delivery for RUSAL;
• in increasing labor productivity when transporting bauxite ore as a result of reducing the volume of technological operations and switching to electronic document management.

Bibliography:

1. Aluminum Association: [ Electronic resource]. M., 2019. URL: http://www.aluminas.ru/ (access date 02/22/2019)
2. Aminova M.T. Concept and structure of transport logistics management // Alley of Science. -2018. -No. 7(23). – P.478-483
3. Dovzhenko M.V. International aspects of transport logistics // Symbol of Science. – 2017. -№3. –C.66-71
4. Lashko S.I., Lashko T.A. International transport logistics // Scientific Bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management. – 2016. -№4. – P.21-27
5. Lisitsa E.O. Problems of development of transport logistics // Education and science without borders: social and humanitarian sciences. – 2018. - No. 9. – P.39-42
6. Nikolaeva M.Yu., Polyanskaya Y.S., Semenycheva E.S. The role of transport in the logistics chain // Bulletin of young scientists of the Samara State University University of Economics. – 2015. – No. 2(32). – pp. 215-219
7. Smirnova O.M. Development strategy of UC RUSAL for the company's alumina enterprises until 2030. M., "RUSAL", 2019
8. Talanova O.A. Development of the automobile cargo transportation market in Russia / D.M. Matveev, O.A. Talanova, D.V. Menyaikin // Trends in the development of the economy of Russia and the CIS countries: materials of the international correspondence course. scientific pract. conf. – Novosibirsk: Media Center, 2015. – P.100-103.

Logistics is the science of planning, managing, monitoring and regulating the movement of material and information flows in space and time from their primary source to the final consumer.

Logistics, although it has deep historical roots, is nevertheless a relatively young science. It received especially rapid development during the Second World War, when it was used to solve strategic problems and ensure clear interaction between the defense industry, standard and supply bases and transport for the purpose of timely provision of the army with weapons and food. Gradually, the concepts and methods of logistics began to be transferred from the military to the civilian sphere, first as a new scientific direction on the rational management of the movement of material flows in the sphere of circulation, and then in production.

Transport is a branch of material production that transports people and goods. In structure social production Transport belongs to the sphere of production of material services. Transport how component larger system, i.e. logistics chain has led to the need to consider it from different aspects. From the point of view of specialization and cooperation of production, the study of transport cannot be limited to the sphere of individual material and technical connections. It must be considered throughout the entire logistics supply system - from the primary supplier to the final consumer, including intermediate stages.

The relevance of the problem of transport in the logistics system of enterprises in last years is constantly increasing, which is largely explained by the development of the infrastructure of the domestic commodity market, an increase in trade turnover, tightening competition in economic markets and the increasing need to optimize costs in all parts of the logistics chain.

The management system of transport support for logistics of a modern enterprise is based on the concept of integrating transport, supply, production and sales, on the search for optimal solutions as a whole for the entire process of movement of material flow in the sphere of circulation and production using the criterion of minimum costs for transportation, supply, sales, production.

The tasks of transport logistics primarily include those whose solution enhances the coordination of actions of direct participants in the transport process. Relevance in solving such problems arises in the case when the volumes of transport work are allocated into a large independent array.

The role of transport is changing significantly with the development of logistics systems. Within the framework of logistics technology, the discipline of transport services is determined today not by the interests of the individual sender (recipient), but by the optimal ratio of costs and profits in the specified cycle of production and consumption.

The purpose of this work is to develop measures to improve transport logistics at the above-mentioned enterprise.

In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were solved:

• - characterize transport logistics;
• - reveal types of transportation;
• - characterize the enterprise OJSC “Red October”;
• - give an analysis of transport and transportation of products of JSC “Red October”;
• - propose measures to improve transport logistics at JSC “Red October”.

The object of the study is OJSC "Red October". The company specializes in the production of dairy products.

The subject of this course work is the organization of transport logistics support at JSC "Red October".

In the process of work, the works of the following authors were used: Bowersox D., Gordon M.P., Inyutina K.B., Kozlov V.K., Mirotin L.B., Novikova D.T., Rodnikova A.N., and other scientists.

Methodological basis research served systems approach, methods for analyzing the logistics system of an enterprise.

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Introduction

1.2 Main types of transport and transportation

Conclusion

List of sources and literature

INTRODUCTION

Logistics is the science of planning, managing, monitoring and regulating the movement of material and information flows in space and time from their primary source to the final consumer.

Logistics, although it has deep historical roots, is nevertheless a relatively young science. It received especially rapid development during the Second World War, when it was used to solve strategic problems and ensure clear interaction between the defense industry, standard and supply bases and transport for the purpose of timely provision of the army with weapons and food. Gradually, the concepts and methods of logistics began to be transferred from the military to the civilian sphere, first as a new scientific direction on the rational management of the movement of material flows in the sphere of circulation, and then in production.

Transport is a branch of material production that transports people and goods. In the structure of social production, transport belongs to the sphere of production of material services. Transport as an integral part of a larger system, i.e. logistics chain has led to the need to consider it from different aspects. From the point of view of specialization and cooperation of production, the study of transport cannot be limited to the sphere of individual material and technical connections. It must be considered throughout the entire logistics supply system - from the primary supplier to the final consumer, including intermediate stages.

The relevance of the problem of transport in the logistics system of enterprises has been constantly increasing in recent years, which is largely explained by the development of the infrastructure of the domestic commodity market, an increase in trade turnover, tightening competition in economic markets and the increasing need to optimize costs in all parts of the logistics chain.

The management system of transport support for logistics of a modern enterprise is based on the concept of integrating transport, supply, production and sales, on the search for optimal solutions as a whole for the entire process of movement of material flow in the sphere of circulation and production using the criterion of minimum costs for transportation, supply, sales, production.

The tasks of transport logistics primarily include those whose solution enhances the coordination of actions of direct participants in the transport process. Relevance in solving such problems arises in the case when the volumes of transport work are allocated into a large independent array.

The role of transport is changing significantly with the development of logistics systems. Within the framework of logistics technology, the discipline of transport services is determined today not by the interests of the individual sender (recipient), but by the optimal ratio of costs and profits in the specified cycle of production and consumption.

The purpose of this work is to develop measures to improve transport logistics at the above-mentioned enterprise.

In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were solved:

Describe transport logistics;

Expand the types of transportation;

Give a description of the enterprise OJSC "Red October";

Provide an analysis of transport and transportation of products of JSC "Red October";

Propose measures to improve transport logistics at OJSC "Red October".

The object of the study is OJSC "Red October". The company specializes in the production of dairy products.

The subject of this course work is the organization of transport logistics support at JSC "Red October".

In the process of work, the works of the following authors were used: Bowersox D., Gordon M.P., Inyutina K.B., Kozlov V.K., Mirotin L.B., Novikova D.T., Rodnikova A.N., and other scientists.

The methodological basis of the study was a systems approach and methods for analyzing the logistics system of an enterprise.

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF TRANSPORT SUPPORT OF THE LOGISTICS SYSTEM

1.1 Transport logistics: concept, tasks, functions

Transport logistics - moving the required amount of goods to desired point, the optimal route in the required time and at the lowest cost. Transport is a connecting link between the elements of logistics systems, carrying out the movement of material resources. The costs of creating any product consist of the cost of production and the costs of performing all work from the moment of purchasing materials to the moment of purchase of the product by the end consumer. Most of the cost is the so-called “transition price”, that is, the markup of each link in the chain manufacturer - final buyer. The markup for such a transition can be 15 - 20%.

The movement of material flow from the primary source of raw materials to final consumption is carried out using various vehicles. The costs of performing these operations can reach up to 50% of the total logistics costs.

Transport is represented as a system consisting of two subsystems: transport intended for public use and transport not for public use.

Public transport serves the sphere of circulation and the population. This type transport is often called mainline. The concept of public transport covers urban transport, railway transport, water transport (sea and river), road, air and pipeline transport.

Non-public transport - intra-industrial transport, as well as vehicles of all types belonging to non-transport enterprises, is, as a rule, integral part any production systems.

Transport is an integral part of production and trade processes. Therefore, the transport component is involved in many technological processes, performing the tasks of the logistics system. At the same time, there is a fairly independent transport area of ​​logistics, in which multidimensional coordination between participants in the transport process can be considered without direct connection with the associated production and warehouse areas of material flow.

The presence of a single operator of the end-to-end transportation process, performing a single function of managing the end-to-end material flow, creates the opportunity to effectively design the movement of material flow, achieving the specified output parameters.

When organizing multimodal transportation, the logistics system involves the use of:

Two or more types of transport;

Availability of a single operator for the transportation process;

Single transport document; uniform tariff freight rate;

Consistently central scheme of interaction between participants;

Unified and, as a result, high responsibility for the cargo.

The result of using a transport logistics system for an enterprise will be: a high probability of fulfilling the “six rules of logistics” - the right cargo, in the right place, at the right time, in the required quantity, of the required quality, with minimal costs.

The main objectives of transport logistics include ensuring technical and technological connectivity of participants in the transport process, coordinating their economic interests, as well as using unified systems planning.

Technical connectivity in the transport complex means consistency of vehicle parameters both internally individual species, and in an interspecific context. This consistency allows the use of modal transport, working with containers and cargo packages.

Technological connectivity involves the use of a unified transportation technology, direct transshipment, and non-transshipment communication.

Collaborative planning commercial activities participants in the logistics system means the development and application of unified schedule plans. The tasks solved by the transport logistics system include:

Creation of transport systems, including the creation of transport corridors and transport chains;

Ensuring technological unity of the transport and warehouse process;

Joint planning of the transport process with warehouse and production;

Determining a rational route for cargo delivery;

Selecting the type and type of vehicle.

One of the most well-known concepts and widespread in transport logistics is the concept of “just-in-time” (JIT). It is based on a fairly simple logic of product delivery, in which the flow of material resources is carefully synchronized with the need for them, specified by the time and production schedule for the release of finished products.

Using the system allows you to deliver material resources or finished products to a certain point in the logistics chain (channel) exactly at the moment when there is a need for them (not earlier and not later), which eliminates excess inventories both in production and distribution. Many modern logistics systems that use this system are focused on short components of logistics cycles, which requires a quick response of parts of the logistics system to changes in demand and, accordingly, the production program.

The transport (carriage) process is a set of organizationally and technologically interrelated actions and operations performed by a transport enterprise and their divisions independently or in coordination with other organizations in the preparation, implementation and completion of the transportation of goods.

The structure of the transport process includes:

Marketing research of the cargo transportation market;

Data driven development marketing research rational route schemes;

Selecting the type and determining the required quantity of rolling stock for the transportation of goods;

Determining the scope of expedient use of vehicles depending on the specific conditions of cargo transportation, the type and properties of cargo, operational indicators of freight transport;

Vehicle speed regulation;

Selection of vehicle traffic management systems using rational work schedules for service personnel;

Work coordination various types transport;

Analysis of road conditions in order to develop efficient and safe vehicle routes;

Ensuring efficient and safe cargo transportation;

Application of economic and mathematical methods and calculations to improve the efficiency of use of vehicles;

Vehicle traffic control;

Operational control over the movement of vehicles, etc.

The rational organization of cargo transportation is based on the study of cargo turnover and cargo flows.

The movement of various cargoes is carried out along a route, which is an established (planned) and, if necessary, equipped route for the vehicle between the starting and ending points.

Routes are divided depending on the classification attribute:

1) by length: urban; suburban; intercity; international;

2) by season: constant; seasonal;

3) according to the method of movement: pendulum; ring.

The modern mission of transportation in a logistics service system can be briefly formulated as follows: “to deliver the right product of the required quality and quantity at a given time at optimal costs.”

Transport services in modern conditions include not only the actual transportation of goods from the supplier to the consumer, but also a large number of forwarding, information operations, cargo handling services, insurance, security, etc. Therefore, transportation can be defined as a key logistics function associated with the movement of products by vehicle (or means) using a certain technology in the supply chain, and consisting of logistics operations and functions, including forwarding, cargo handling, packaging, transfer of ownership of cargo, risk insurance, customs procedures and so on.

1.2 Main types of transport and transportation transport logistics transportation transportation

There are five main types of transport: rail, water (sea and river), road, air and pipeline.

Rail transport provides economical transportation of large cargo, while offering a number of additional services, thanks to which it has an almost monopoly position in the world. transport market. Relatively recently, there has been a tendency towards specialization of railway transportation, which is associated with the desire to improve the quality of the services they provide. This is how two-tier container platforms, articulated cars, and special-purpose trains appeared.

Water transport. Here, a division into deep-sea (ocean, sea) and inland (river) shipping is accepted. The main advantage of water transport is the ability to transport very large loads. The main disadvantages of water transport are limited functionality and low speed.

Automobile transport. The main reasons for the active use of vehicles in logistics systems are their inherent flexibility of delivery and high speed intercity transportation.

Air Transport. Cargo aviation is the newest and least popular type of transport. Its main advantage is the speed of delivery.

The choice of a combination of modes of transport is influenced by:

The need to create transport corridors, i.e. such a part of the national or international transport system that provides significant volume or intensity, more or less constant transportation between individual regions;

The feasibility of creating transport chains, i.e. such transportation or its stages, when even when using different types of transport, the goods themselves remain unchanged, representing a standardized container;

Possibility of technological linkage and joint planning of transportation with production and release of finished products and with the warehousing process;

Possibility in the case of intermodal transport of mutual coordination and joint planning of transportation processes for different modes of transport.

Transport tariffs play an important role in the choice of one type of transport or another. But important importance is given to what modes of transportation (types of transportation) exist.

Systems theory states that every system consists of subsystems. It is accepted that any system can be described in terms of system objects, properties and connections. The hierarchy and number of subsystems depend only on the internal complexity of the system as a whole.

Picture 1. Hierarchical structure transportation

Figure 1 shows the hierarchical pyramid (structure) of technology and transportation organization. At the top of this pyramid is intermodal transportation. This is the transportation of goods by several modes of transport, with one of the carriers organizing the entire transportation from the point of departure to the destination. Below is multimodal transportation, the operator takes responsibility for the entire transportation.

Next - unimodal transportation, then intra-regional and city transportation by specialized enterprises and, finally, local transportation of individual entrepreneurs and their own transport of production and commercial structures. Depending on the complexity of the order, the place of delivery and the nature of the cargo, the client can choose the most convenient method of transportation.

Regarding the transport and logistics industry in Russia, it is necessary to consider the main economic indicators characterizing the work of the transport complex.

Table 1 - Indicators of cargo transportation in Russia by mode of transport (million tons)

Thanks to the table, we can see that over the years, road transport has occupied and continues to occupy a large share of the market, but rail transport is also popular. These two types of transport still have leading positions. The advantages of these modes of transport over others are high availability and relatively low tariffs.

Let us determine the main advantages and disadvantages of using vehicles from a logistics point of view in Table 2.

Table 2 - Comparative table of vehicles

To determine the main mode of transport, there are six main factors influencing the decision: delivery time; transportation cost; reliability of compliance with the cargo delivery schedule; frequency of departures; ability to transport different loads; the ability to deliver cargo to any point in the territory.

The correctness of the choice made must be confirmed by technical and economic calculations based on an analysis of all costs associated with transportation of various modes of transport.

CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT SUPPORT OF THE LOGISTICS SYSTEM OF THE ENTERPRISE OJSC "RED OCTOBER"

2.1 Characteristics of the enterprise

The Kushvinsky City Dairy Plant was founded in 1969 and was initially considered state enterprise food dairy products. In 1996, the enterprise was transformed into an open Joint-Stock Company"Kushvinsky Gormmolzavod" From June 9, 2007, JSC Kushvinsky City Dairy Plant, by decision general meeting shareholders was renamed into open joint-stock company "Red October". JSC "Red October" is located in Sverdlovsk region, Kushva, at the address: st. 40 Let Oktyabrya, 2.

The company specializes in the production of dairy products and occupies a leading position. The products produced at JSC “Red October” have certain market specifics. Most types of dairy products, being essential products, find guaranteed sales within the markets in which the company producing them occupies a dominant position. These types include: milk, kefir, sour cream, cottage cheese, etc. Let us designate the main types of products manufactured by JSC “Red October”:

Dairy products (pasteurized milk, baked milk, butter);

Fermented milk products (varenets, fermented baked milk, kefir, biokefir, yogurt, snowball, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese, glazed cheese);

Cheese (mushroom-flavored cheese, green-flavored cheese, bacon-flavored cheese).

Supplies of raw milk are carried out from 29 farms, mainly from four districts of the Sverdlovsk region, specific gravity of which is: Alapaevsky district - 41.5%, the volume of supplies increased by 8.9% compared to 2009. The corresponding figures for the Verkhoturye district were 19.9% ​​and 11.9%, for the Prigorodny district - 11.8% and 8.8%, for the Irbitsky district - 18.6%, which gave the largest increase in supply volumes - 53.4%. Of the farms, a significant increase in supply volumes compared to 2009 was achieved by Agrofirma Zarya LLC by 54.2%, Collective Farm Druzhba by 56.6%, and Kilachevsky by 40.1% (all Irbitsky district) , SEC "Collective Farm named after. Chapaev" by 12%, LLC "Koptelovo" by 26.6%, KH Molokov by 14.5% (Alapaevsky district), LLC DSP "State Farm "Bogoslovsky" by 29%. At the same time, there is a decrease in the volume of supplies from farms in the Prigorodny district by 1.2%, including from Nizhnesaldinskoye LLC by 12%, from the State Unitary Enterprise State Farm Verkhnesaldinsky by 5.9%.

The main economic indicators of the work of JSC "Red October" for 2010 are presented in Table 3.

Table 3 - Main economic indicators of JSC "Red October"

In terms of production volume of dairy products, according to the regional Ministry of Agriculture, the Company ranks third among related enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region. The Company's products were sold in 23 cities of the Sverdlovsk and Tyumen regions among 605 counterparties (in 2009 there were 597 counterparties).

The staff number is 378 people.

The company has two separate structural divisions - Koptelovsky milk collection point in the village. Koptelovo, Alapaevsky district and Krasnogorsk milk collection point in the village. Krasnogorskoye Verkhotursky

district without an independent balance sheet and current account, the last of which was put into operation in December 2010.

The technological scheme used at the plant provides for the production of almost all types of products in a single technological system. Depending on the fat content, quantity and quality of incoming raw materials, as well as customer requests, it is possible to quickly change the production of a diverse range.

All milk received from suppliers goes to the receiving department, where it is received, cleaned, and cooled. Then the milk enters the hardware department, where heat treatment, pasteurization and normalization are carried out. After this, the processed milk is supplied to the bottling workshop for bottling, and is also divided into workshops for further deeper processing to produce an assortment.

Further processing of milk is carried out in workshops. The curd shop produces cottage cheese with a fat content of 9%, curd cheeses, and curd cream. “Adygei” cheese is produced in the cheese production workshop. The entire range of products is produced in the workshop for the production of dietary milk products fermented milk products and milk. In the sour cream shop, milk is pasteurized, separated by fat content, separated, after which such types of products as sour cream, butter, creamy desserts, and yoghurts are produced.

All of the company's products have certificates of conformity confirming the safety of the products. To carry out product quality control, the company operates a laboratory. Thanks to modernization and installation of new equipment, the plant is able to conduct the most thorough analysis of raw cow's milk.

The plant territory has a circular driveway for transport, with an asphalt concrete surface. On the territory, within a radius of 30 meters from the production building, there are utility and storage facilities and a boiler room of the plant.

There are four artesian wells in the sanitary zone.

The production building is designed according to the principle of a single-room building; the internal walls are lined to the full height with glazed tiles.

OJSC "Red October" is a kind of autonomous mini-town that completely and independently supplies itself with heat, steam, compressed air, and hot water. On the territory of the plant with an area of ​​2.71 hectares there are industrial building, utility and storage facilities, plant boiler room, 4 artesian wells, laboratory, own vehicle fleet.

The presence of a developed auxiliary production sector at the dairy allows you to save money and keep prices for the enterprise’s products within limits accessible to trade and the population.

In 1969, the plant's capacity was 30 tons of milk per shift. Modernization in all areas of production made it possible to increase the plant's capacity fourfold. Actual capacity as of January 1, 2012: 120 tons of milk per shift.

In terms of its level of development, OJSC “Red October” is approaching a stage of technical and technological development when, in the process of receiving and processing milk, direct contact of people with the product is practically eliminated.

In order to improve the consumer properties of products, the company put into operation a machine for packaging products in pure-pack bags RG-50. This packaging is more attractive appearance compared to packaging in plastic bags, and is also more convenient for transportation for wholesale buyers and consumers. Products in such packaging are subject to longer storage and can be transported to areas more distant from the plant.

The plant annually updates equipment, as well as constantly modernizes production, allowing it to meet modern quality requirements.

2.2 Characteristics of transport and transportation of raw materials and products of OJSC “Red October”

In the recent past, the plant abandoned the delivery of raw materials by rail tank cars. Bringing milk by road turned out to be faster and more efficient.

Transportation of the plant's dairy products is carried out by vehicles with isometric bodies equipped with refrigeration units and recording devices. Every time before loading, sanitary passports, personal medical records of drivers and the condition of vehicles are checked. Loading of finished products is not permitted without the permission of the responsible person. Washing and disinfection of vehicles is carried out in an isolated room in full compliance with sanitary rules.

Delivery of finished products to hundreds of points located throughout the Sverdlovsk region required serious attention to creating our own transport base. As a result, the Kushvinsky Red October plant now has a truck fleet and a garage.

Currently, on the balance sheet of OJSC "Red October" for the delivery of raw materials there are 3 milk tankers with a tank capacity of 16 tons, as well as 4 milk tankers with a tank capacity of 14 tons.

To deliver finished products to the point of sale, refrigerated trucks with a carrying capacity of 1.5 and 3.5 tons are used. Today the plant has 6 trucks refrigerated trucks of the Gazelle brand, as well as 7 refrigerated trucks of the Hyundai brand.

Most of the vehicles in the plant's fleet have been in operation for more than five years. It is worth noting that the company’s balance sheet includes 2 trucks that are not used in operation (cannot be restored) and are subject to write-off.

The path of food products from the direct producer to the counter is often accompanied by problems. Various problems with transport, non-compliance of the vehicle with sanitary standards, absence or incorrect execution of accompanying documents, a variety of delays in transit - all these unpleasant circumstances often jeopardize the safety of products. Especially when it comes to dairy products.

This type of food requires compliance with some important transportation conditions. And above all, it is suitably equipped and supplied with all necessary documents, automobile. For road transportation of milk in liquid form, special milk tankers are used, and transportation in spilled form (packages, bottles, etc.), as well as in the form of packaged dairy products (sour cream, cottage cheese, etc.) is carried out in isothermal vans. After all, these products are classified as perishable, so transportation of dairy products requires compliance with a certain temperature regime.

To transport containers, the dairy uses special container trucks; currently there are only two such vehicles on the company’s balance sheet. At the very beginning of its transport activities, the dairy was forced to resort to the services of private drivers and various separate transport fleets, in the process of working with which it encountered a number of specific difficulties.

First of all, difficulties arose due to the lack of the proper level of efficiency. And various car depots, in turn, accepted applications only 2 - 3 days before the actual transportation of goods. Among other things, the problems also included certain fluctuations in the cost of transportation.

It is also worth noting that not every driver was able to provide the documents necessary to carry out transportation activities, which led to the need to significantly narrow the circle of partners to the number of carpools and drivers who had officially issued permits and licenses.

Another source of problems was the equipment, which was clearly in poor, sometimes even deplorable, technical condition, and this, not every time, could satisfy the plant’s requirements.

After a thorough analysis of the current situation, the plant decided to purchase its own equipment.

Transportation planning is one of the most important points in the entire transport process. This is due to the fact that this approach will significantly reduce the cycle time of the commercial operation itself. In addition, such an approach to the process has become necessary due to the constant increase in storage costs, as well as due to a certain need to respond to dynamically changing consumer demand.

At the plant, the process of optimizing the design of product delivery is completely handled by logisticians. Among the tasks of logisticians are also the detailing and specification of all organizational measures that are associated with the transportation of cargo, to ensure a significant reduction in transportation costs, timely delivery of cargo, and ensuring the most complete satisfaction of all the requirements and preferences of the direct shipper. The basis for planning cargo transportation is the schedule and schedule of the transportation itself, which are compiled on the basis of systematization of all agreements or contracts concluded with shippers, analysis of submitted applications for transportation, as well as on the study of direct cargo flows. The study of cargo flows involves conducting a thorough analysis of all cargo transportation carried out over a certain time period, not only on a single route, but also on the entire road network. Analysis of cargo flows can be selective or continuous. Continuous analysis is carried out along all routes simultaneously, and selective analysis is carried out only on a single route.

Among the main methods of obtaining information on cargo flows, in-situ and reporting and statistical data are distinguished. Most often, it is the reporting and statistical method that is used, based on the analysis of data on income received from the transportation of products, as well as the mass of all transported products along the route.

Among the main tasks of JSC "Red October" in the process of organizing the transportation of products, the following should be highlighted:

Proper satisfaction of all customer needs in the transportation of products through road transport;

Providing quality customer service;

Compliance with all planned plans for the transportation of products;

Efficient operation of vehicles, increase in labor productivity, significant reduction in transport costs and expenses;

Ensuring systematic profit generation.

Among other things, a high-quality product transportation system at the plant ensures:

Careful coordination of the work of various departments and personnel of the plant;

Ensuring optimal traffic organization;

Security as soon as possible in transportation of products;

Ensuring the most efficient operation of rolling stock of road transport;

Ensuring an adequate level of transportation safety;

Ensuring cost-effective transportation.

During the transportation of products, a number of special measures are carried out.

Firstly, a specific transportation route and a diagram of this route are drawn up, which indicates all kinds of dangerous areas. As for the permissible length of the route for transporting cargo by road transport, this indicator is determined in accordance with the established current legislation driver's work and rest time, speed calculation standards and technology in the implementation of direct transportation.

Secondly, the brand and type of vehicle is selected in accordance with weather and climatic conditions and the condition of the road surface.

Thirdly, a travel schedule is developed. This is done on the basis of determining the most optimal values ​​for the speed of the vehicle along the entire route, along its individual sections and between all stopping points.

Due to the short shelf life of milk and dairy products, their transportation is always clearly organized. Transportation of milk and dairy products is carried out around the clock, in strict accordance with the schedule agreed upon by the shipper and recipient.

All barrels, flasks, boxes and baskets in which dairy products are transported are sealed by the plant. The consignee must check the integrity of the seals on tank hatches and containers, and only after that fill out the appropriate documents on receipt of the products.

logistics transport transportation products

A consequence of increasing competition in the market for goods and services is an increase in the level of customer requirements. In such conditions, the development of any company focused on serving a large number of consumers must be very dynamic. Its goal is to provide services whose quality and scope will meet customer expectations. It is likely that even a company that has achieved the highest level of service in the market and has frozen for a moment in complacent contemplation of the opening prospects and opportunities will eventually have to see the backs of overtaking and rapidly retreating competitors. Regular studies of the preferences of economically active groups of Russian consumers show a gradual change in the criteria for choosing a service.

Undoubtedly low price And high quality products are still the most important on this list, but they are no longer just desirable, but rather mandatory for a competitive service. Today, consumers are increasingly paying attention to additional criteria, such as delivery times, the ability to receive the ordered goods at a clearly specified time, as well as high-quality information support for the order fulfillment process.

While not all companies can offer their customers delivery of goods on the day they receive the order, next day delivery is common practice. However, it is obvious that nowadays service standards are becoming more stringent, and the company's position in the market will depend on the ability to meet them.

We will try to analyze and determine the factors on which the deadlines for completing a client order depend, and suggest ways to improve the relevant processes using the example of Red October OJSC.

Reducing the order-delivery cycle. When determining the duration of the order-delivery cycle, the interests of different departments of the company often collide. In the enterprise under consideration, the issue of interaction between the transport department and the marketing department is particularly acute.

Sales managers are interested in delivering goods from the supplier to the place where finished products are sold as quickly as possible. At the same time, transport workers try to organize the most economical route and strive to wait until the delivery vehicle is completely full. Obviously, it is necessary to take into account the opinions of both sides. The welfare of the entire company depends on the success of sales, and proper management of transportation costs can significantly affect the final cost of the product. Of course, sales success also depends on the price of the product.

It is known that the cost of production of some goods is only about 10% of their cost, while the share of delivery costs can reach 50%, and in some cases even more.

An increase in the number of vehicles used is a natural consequence of a shortening of the “order-delivery” cycle due to the lengthening of the distance to each customer, the high probability of sequentially sending several vehicles to the same point and incomplete use of resources. If the use of vehicles is not optimized, costs can rise sharply, which will negate the positive effect of increasing the level of service, and only modern logistics approaches can find correct solution this complex two-criteria problem.

On the balance sheet of the dairy plant, as we have already discussed above, there are 7 milk tankers for the delivery of raw materials, 2 container trucks, 13 refrigerator vehicles for the delivery of finished products. In general, the number of vehicles meets the needs of the enterprise today, but it is worth noting that for the delivery of products, out of 13 vehicles, only 7 have a carrying capacity of up to 3.5 tons. In our opinion, delivery of finished products to the point of sale would be faster and more economical if the number of vehicles with a carrying capacity of 3.5 tons increased to 10.

Next, we will consider the main parameters that influence the length of the order-delivery cycle.

The number of applications per day and the average order size are key parameters for determining the duration of the order-delivery cycle. Obviously, the larger the orders and the more applications arrive per unit of time, the shorter the optimal cycle, since the number of points in the route decreases. At the same time, unit delivery costs are reduced thanks to effective use vehicle resources.

Composition of clients. Corporate customers are much more predictable than private ones. However, the advantage of servicing individuals is usually more flexible schedule(extended boundaries of earliest and latest delivery). In addition, it is easier to agree with a private customer to reschedule the order to another time in case of any problems.

Variety of assortment. The narrower the product range, the more stable the customer list, the more complete the information about the product and order parameters, the more standard and familiar the packaging. Accordingly, the warehouse technologies used are much simpler, and the chances of failures and disruption of the rhythm of cycles are lower.

Standard shipping unit and service level. The choice of a standard shipping unit (wagon, container, pallet, factory packaging, etc.) significantly affects the ratio of “service level / cost of transport and warehouse technology.” Railcars or containers usually do not require warehouse handling and in most cases can be delivered directly to the customer from the supplier. In this case, the cycle time depends on the quality of information communication in the supply chain and the selection of reliable suppliers. When switching to sales by pallets or factory packaging, an additional stage of warehouse processing is introduced into the order fulfillment process, but at the same time the range of potential clients. Selling piece goods from a warehouse requires the organization of in-warehouse production (to transform the industrial assortment into a commercial one), picking, packaging and labeling areas. This extends the “order-delivery” cycle as much as possible, but allows you to achieve the highest attractiveness of the service in the eyes of customers.

Complex Measures to increase the productivity of the delivery department depend, first of all, on the complexity of the task and may include both the adoption of organizational measures that reduce the influence of the human factor at all stages of order processing, and almost complete automation of route planning, control and management of vehicles by the dispatch service.

The boundaries and location of service zones are determined by such criteria as ease of movement along the zone's road network, and the sizes depend on the maximum number of orders that can be served by one vehicle.

The task of delivery department managers when using this method is not to plan routes (the driver himself determines the optimal delivery order), but to update zone parameters.

Standardization of transport. The use of transport with standard parameters for each type of delivery (city center, etc.) facilitates the process of creating routes and ensures complete interchangeability in the event of driver absence from work. The route is not formed for a specific car, characterized by unique body features, speed of movement and technical condition and driven by a specific driver, and under the brand of vehicles. At the same time, a change in the driver’s surname and state license plate on the route sheet registration number of a car will not lead to the need to reorganize the finished transport module with goods or adjust the sequence of visiting route points.

It should also be noted that the use of GPS navigators on board a car will allow you to plan a route in advance and track the real location of the vehicle and reduce the number of frauds associated with draining fuel while the car is idle.

As noted above, the company’s balance sheet includes 2 vehicles that are not used in operation (cannot be restored) and are subject to write-off. The enterprise pays corporate property tax and transport tax on this transport, which are not justified expenses. Thus, these two cars should be sold for spare parts.

Further I would like to dwell on transportation technology.

Container transportation is widely used to transport food products directly from food factories, refrigerators to store sales areas. At the same time, constancy of temperature and other conditions is ensured throughout the entire route.

Apparently, there is not a single food product as delicate and vulnerable, which begins to spoil literally from the first minutes of its appearance, as dairy products. Therefore, the preservation of milk, as an exceptional food product, should be considered an important task.

The production of dairy products must be balanced with their consumption. Big role In general, a set of measures to preserve the original properties of these most valuable food products is played by the organization of transportation to the places of its processing and consumption. Not only the organoleptic properties of the products, but also their delivery time depend on the correctness of their implementation. Hence, ease and efficiency of transportation play a decisive role.

Refrigeration technologies and the simplicity of devices, their rapid implementation and proper use of modern equipment for cooling milk and dairy products during their transportation make it possible to reduce labor costs, increase productivity and reduce production costs, as well as ensure the delivery of high quality products.

These conditions correspond to container transportation, widely used for transporting food products, refrigerated artificial ice, the production technology of which is currently implemented in most cases in ice generators with ice freezing on the surface of a rotating drum. It is precisely such container transportation that is used by Red October OJSC. But the disadvantages of this technology and device are obvious: one-sided cooling and freezing of the ice layer, dimensions and specific gravity of the device.

There is a study that established and justified the transportation of milk and dairy products in small-volume containers with granulated ice, maintaining the cooling temperature for up to 8 hours and freezing granulated ice in two- and three-phase fluidized beds, significantly reduces and reduces the dimensions and weight of the ice maker . The results of this study made it possible to implement a simple design of an ice generator and such containers for intra-regional transportation of products and speed up the delivery process to the point of consumption.

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A characteristic feature of the 21st century is the processes of globalization of the life of the world community. In relation to transport, this means that from now on all the advantages and disadvantages of the transport system of a particular country no longer have only internal, but also external manifestations. Thus, if the national transport system is developed inadequately to market requirements (for example, the capacity of the transport network is insufficient to absorb existing and projected volumes of traffic, there is no flexible tariff policy, etc.), then the export-import potential of the country decreases and, as a consequence, national welfare, at least it's not getting better.

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………...2
1. Theoretical basis transport logistics…………………………3
1.1 Economic essence, tasks and functions of transport logistics………………………………………………………………..3
2. Use of vehicles………………………………...6
3. Features of transport logistics of the enterprise…………………8
4. Ways to improve transport logistics …………………..9
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………11
List of sources used………………………………………………………

Files: 1 file

Vehicles and transport communications are characterized by high capital requirements. Therefore, it is quite fair to say that the majority of economists say that a high investment component in transport is justified only if it is used effectively.

The constant growth in the volume of goods transported by road, including those owned by trade organizations and enterprises, necessitates its more efficient use.

Factors driving increased use of road transport include: improved utilization of vehicle carrying capacity; increasing the shift ratio of transport; reduction of downtime; improved mileage utilization; acceleration of loading and unloading operations.

Improving the use of the carrying capacity of vehicles is greatly facilitated by the use of rational methods for placing cargo in the back of a car and well-thought-out development of delivery routes.

In this case, a factor that characterizes the level of transportation organization falls out of sight. It’s no secret that in some cases a car, having gone to pick up goods, arrives with nothing, having made an idle run. And in other cases, transportation is organized in such a way that the goods are transported in both directions: in one direction for yourself, in the other for passing cargo from third parties.

In some cases, even the transportation of your own cargo can be organized so that the car is loaded at both ends of the trip.

For example, when going out to pick up goods, the car can be loaded with containers released after the sale of the goods. This will reduce the transport costs of the enterprise and, in general, distribution costs.

Therefore, to evaluate the performance of vehicles, you can also use an indicator such as the useful mileage coefficient (Kn), which should be calculated using the following formula:

Kp=P2/P0 (5)

where P2 is the mileage with load, km.

P0 - total mileage, km.

And of course, to evaluate the performance of vehicles, one should use such a general indicator as the cost of one ton-kilometer. It contains all the factors characterizing the level of use of the car.

For example, if the cost per ton per kilometer is low, then this clearly indicates not only the economical use of resources, but also the competent organization of transportation, the good technical condition of the vehicles and their high technical readiness.

If the cost is high, then this assessment will be completely opposite.

In the conditions of transition to the market, when prices for energy resources, including gasoline and diesel fuel, have increased sharply, special attention should be paid to such an indicator as fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of vehicle mileage.

This indicator, like others, must be analyzed not only over several years, but also compared with the same indicators for other related enterprises, as well as with regulatory data.

In particular, for all brands of cars there is, among other technical data, such an indicator as the rate of fuel consumption per 100 kilometers.

Improving the use of cars is greatly facilitated by the use of rational methods for placing cargo in the back of a car, well-thought-out development of delivery routes, and the choice of the type of car and its carrying capacity that is most suitable for transporting a particular product.

An important condition for increasing the efficiency of the use of vehicles is increasing the shifts of their work, which can be achieved by extending the operating hours of forwarding warehouses and dispatch services, as well as creating conditions for the night delivery of goods to trading enterprises.

It is necessary to take into account that the efficiency of transportation depends on large quantity factors. First of all, we are talking about the fact that not all cargo uses the carrying capacity of vehicles to the same extent. In this regard, all household goods are divided into 4 classes according to the degree of use of the carrying capacity of vehicles. The first class includes cargo that ensures the transport load is 100%, the second class is 85%, the third class is 63%, and finally, the fourth class includes cargo that ensures that the transport capacity is used by less than 45%. The classification of all national economic goods is given in economic reference books.

Transportation indicators largely depend on the type of roads along which transportation is carried out. In this regard, all highways are divided into three groups.

The first group includes roads with hard surfaces and one-way traffic with dividing strips. The second group includes roads also with hard surfaces, but also with oncoming traffic. There are more such roads than the first group. Finally, the third group of roads includes dirt roads.

The highest standards for the use of transport are set for the first group of roads, and vice versa - the lowest are set for the third group of roads.

The costs of transporting goods largely depend on the average distance of their transportation. The shorter the transportation distance, the lower the transportation costs, and vice versa.

All these factors and indicators must be taken into account when planning the rational organization of goods transportation.

3. Features of transport logistics of the enterprise

In an effort to improve the efficiency of their work, enterprises have always tried to control the technological stages that precede or follow the main production. Transport logistics is the management of cargo transportation, i.e. changing the location of material assets using vehicles. Internal transport logistics deals with intra-production transportation, and external transport logistics deals with supplying enterprises and marketing their products.

To ensure the transportation of its products, two main types of transport are used: rail and road. The enterprise resorts to the services of railway transport quite rarely, in the case of concluding an agreement for the supply of products of a significant volume and over long distances, i.e. when delivery by road is impractical.

Responsibilities for ensuring the safety and proper operational readiness of all vehicles at the enterprise are assigned to the transport section, which in the course of work is guided by the Regulations on the transport section, approved by the General Director. One of the functions of the site is the rational distribution of vehicles according to requests. Namely, structural units enterprises submit applications indicating the category and weight of cargo, route and other necessary information, and the head of the transport section distributes and allocates the appropriate transport.

Analysis and calculations on the efficiency of cargo transportation at the enterprise are carried out by the department of economic planning and analytical work. So, for example, calculations were made about the profitability of using our own vehicles compared to using third-party carriers. Transportation costs using your own transport are more economical.

4. Ways to improve transport logistics.

Using your own fleet is profitable and convenient if it is used rationally, efficiently distributes transport, and has a clear logistics approach. The absence of these conditions is one of the important problems of the enterprise.

Firstly, the lack of end-to-end management of logistics functions, including planning, accounting, and control. Each department is responsible for its own unit, without worrying about the final result for the entire enterprise. A comprehensive comparative analysis is not carried out and project materials are not developed on a possible more efficient logistics approach.

Secondly, the absence at the enterprise of a link competent in the field of logistics, necessary for building supply chains in order to minimize costs and, accordingly, reduce production costs.

For example, in a number of cases, transport sent to deliver goods to the buyer comes back empty-handed, having made an idle run, which could have been avoided if the company’s specialists had worked on the issue of finding a way back, for example, by delivering associated cargo to third-party organizations.

Considering that the car travels empty on the way back, the entire cost of transportation costs falls entirely on the cost of the product.

I consider it advisable to consider the issue of possibly eliminating idle mileage, thereby minimizing the cost of transporting products. There are several options for resolving this issue:

a) Currently, there are many resources, including Internet resources, offering searches for transport and cargo in various directions. Knowing in advance the delivery time of goods, you can find an enterprise that needs cargo delivery.

b) It is advisable to consider and study the possibility of developing a route with a stop on the way back to these enterprises for the necessary products. To do this, it is necessary to create a chain, comparing the needs for the supply of materials to the plant with the timing of shipment of goods, i.e. interaction between sales and supply departments is required;

c) Consider the issue of concluding a parallel agreement for the purchase of company products

Receiving additional profit from the provision of transport services will allow the company to cover its own costs for the supply of products and accordingly increase profits.

However, in the process of organizing this type of activity by an enterprise, namely the provision of transport services to third parties, many questions arise. How to set the price for transport services, given that they will be different in nature and will be provided sporadically, when transport is not loaded during the main activity? What documents does an enterprise need to have to provide transport services?

Also, it is quite difficult for an organization that does not specialize in road transportation to comply with all the requirements that are put forward to the licensee when obtaining a license and further carrying out such activities.

Tariffs should be developed and approved for all types of transport services that the organization plans to provide. For a non-specialized organization, developing transportation tariffs is a rather complex process.

Solving issues related to finding ways to more efficiently use enterprise vehicles requires detailed study, economic calculations, analysis and control, for which it is necessary to allocate a logistics link at the enterprise (department, sector, or at least a logistics manager) that would deal with issues of organizing the production of the right product of the right quality in the right quantity at the right time in the right place to the right buyer with minimal costs. At the initial stage, the management of the enterprise should assign this unit the task of developing and making specific, justified proposals for the efficient and economical use of the transport fleet.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we can say that transport is one of the key sectors of any state. The volume of transport services largely depends on the state of the country's economy. However, transport itself often stimulates higher levels of economic activity. It frees up opportunities hidden in underdeveloped regions of the country or the world, allows you to expand the scale of production, and connect production and consumers.

The main task of transport is timely, high-quality and complete satisfaction of the transportation needs of the national economy and population. The formation and development of market relations impose new requirements on the organization of transportation, enterprise management systems and on the assessment of the results of its activities.

Our country is beginning to gain momentum in the development of the transport system, which gives us the opportunity to hope in the near future for an improvement in the condition of roads, an increase in the level of service and the quality of transport itself.